Method for removing oil stains by utilizing plant straws containing cellulose and chitin

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for removing greasy dirt by using plant straw containing cellulose and chitin, and belongs to the technical field of cleaning and decontamination, and the method comprises the following steps: cleaning, drying and crushing the plant straw and animal carapace to obtain a granular mixture; placing the granular mixture in a drying device for high-temperature treatment to obtain a dry material; adding an alkaline additive into the dry material according to the mass ratio of 1: (50-100), and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a deoiling additive; and the oil removing additive is added into the to-be-cleaned substance containing the oil stains to remove the oil stains. The oil stain removal method has the advantages of pure physics, rapidness, high efficiency, simplicity, convenience and the like, and solves the problems of water resource waste and pollution; meanwhile, resource utilization of animals and plants of cellulose and chitin is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cleaning and decontamination, and particularly relates to a method for removing oil stains by using plant straws containing cellulose and chitin. Background Art

[0002] There are a large number of cellulose and chitin in nature. Both belong to polysaccharides. Cellulose is the main structural component of plant cell walls, accounting for more than 50% of the carbon content in the plant kingdom. It is the most abundant natural polymer compound in nature. A large amount of cellulose is contained in trees, cotton, crop straws, bagasse, fruit peels, etc. It can be said that cellulose is an almost inexhaustible precious resource; Chitin, also known as chitosan, is another polysaccharide widely present in the bodies of crustaceans and other animals. It is widely distributed. The exoskeletons of arthropods, especially shrimps, crabs and other animals, contain relatively high chitin. It is estimated that the annual global biosynthesis of chitin is as high as tens of billions of tons. These polysaccharides derived from plants and animals have the characteristics of being renewable, environmentally friendly, non-toxic, etc., and are very suitable for large-scale applications.

[0003] With the continuous pursuit of a healthy life, people are paying more and more attention to the health of all aspects of diet. Tableware cleaning is an important part of it. In people's daily life, although the amount of dishwashing liquid used is not much, it is indispensable. During the use process, people are always worried about the residue problem; at the same time, the large amount of sewage discharged is also a burden on the environment. Using natural materials for decontamination is an effective way to solve this problem. If the existing materials in nature can be processed into products that can clean the oil stains on tableware, the safety problem of tableware cleaning can be effectively solved. In addition, water pollution caused by oil spills still occurs from time to time. How to efficiently and low-cost remove the oil stains in water still faces many challenges. Therefore, developing a new type of oil-absorbing and decontaminating material is still a research topic worthy of study. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problems to be solved: Aiming at the problems existing in the background art, the present invention provides a method for removing oil stains by using plant straws containing cellulose and chitin. This method for removing oil stains has the advantages of being purely physical, fast and efficient, simple and convenient, etc., and solves the problems of water resource waste and pollution it faces; at the same time, it realizes the resource utilization of cellulose and chitin in animals and plants.

[0005] Technical solution: A method for removing oil stains by using plant straws containing cellulose and chitin according to the present invention, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Wash and dry the plant straws and animal exoskeletons to remove impurities, and then crush them into powder particles to obtain a particle mixture; Step 2: Place the particle mixture obtained in Step 1 in a drying device for high-temperature treatment to obtain a dry material; Step 3: Add an alkaline additive to the dry material obtained in Step 2 according to a mass ratio of 1:(50~100), and mix thoroughly to obtain a degreasing additive; Step 4: Add the degreasing additive to the substance to be cleaned containing oil stains for oil stain removal.

[0006] Preferably, the particle size of the powder particles prepared in Step 1 is 100~300 μm.

[0007] Preferably, the mass ratio of plant straw to animal shell in the powder particles prepared in Step 1 is 3:1.

[0008] Preferably, in Step 2, it is heat-treated at 100~180 °C for 10 min; or heat-treated at 100~180 °C under vacuum conditions for 5 min.

[0009] Preferably, the alkaline additive in Step 3 is sodium chloride or sodium carbonate.

[0010] Preferably, in Steps 3 to 4, the degreasing additive containing plant straw is made into a porous block, sponge or net-shaped adsorption carrier; then added to the water body to adsorb oil stains in the water body; or added to the surface of the appliance and scrubbed by hand to remove oil stains on the surface of the appliance.

[0011] Preferably, the plant straw is one or more of wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw, and soybean straw.

[0012] Preferably, the plant straw is one or more of grass leaves, tree leaves, bagasse, and bean dregs, which are plant bodies rich in cellulose.

[0013] Preferably, the animal shell is one or more of lobster shells, crab shells, and shells, which are animal bodies rich in chitin.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: In the present invention, the effective components of animals and plants are processed into powder particles, which has theoretical and practical feasibility for cleaning oil stains in various scenarios such as appliances and water bodies, can reduce processing links, lower processes and pollutant emissions; after the powder particles rich in cellulose and chitin adsorb oil stains, the obtained products are closer to the original substances in nature and can be further decomposed by microorganisms, reducing various problems such as environmental pollution; the sources rich in cellulose and chitin are basically edible materials and hardly have toxic and side effects on the human body; due to the natural animal and plant components, they often have the characteristics of easy decomposition, and the burden on the environment caused by their emission products is small, belonging to environmentally friendly materials. Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of removing oil stains by plant straw in the present invention; Figure 2 It is a graph showing the simulation results of the adsorption effect of cellulose and oil stains; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the process of cellulose (β-D-glucopyranosyl) adsorbing fatty acid molecules (containing 14 carbon atoms) simulated by computer (in the initial structure, the distance between the fatty acid molecule and cellulose is 1 nanometer); Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the process of cellulose (β-D-glucopyranosyl) adsorbing fatty acid molecules (containing 14 carbon atoms) simulated by computer (in the initial structure, the distance between the fatty acid molecule and cellulose is 2 nanometers); Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the process of cellulose (β-D-glucopyranosyl) simultaneously adsorbing two groups of fatty acid molecules (containing 14 carbon atoms) simulated by computer; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the process of cellulose (β-D-glucopyranosyl) simultaneously adsorbing two groups of fatty acid molecules (containing 13 carbon atoms) simulated by computer; Figure 7 In (a), it is a distribution map of oil droplets on the surface of a glass slide stained with peanut oil wiped with psyllium husk powder mainly composed of short-chain cellulose (scale: 100μm); Figure 7 In (b), it is a distribution map of oil droplets on the glass slide stained with peanut oil before wiping (scale: 100μm); Figure 8 In (a), it is a morphological change map of psyllium husk powder mainly composed of short-chain cellulose before adsorbing peanut oil (scale: 100μm); Figure 8 In (b), it is a morphological change map of psyllium husk powder mainly composed of short-chain cellulose after adsorbing peanut oil (scale: 100μm). Specific embodiments

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will combine the attached Figures 1 to 8 The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] As Figure 1 shown, the present invention discloses a method for removing oil stains using plant straws containing cellulose and chitin, and the method includes the following steps: (1) Wash and dry plant straws and animal carapaces to remove impurities, and then crush them into powder particles to obtain a particle mixture; among them, the mass ratio of plant straws to animal carapaces in the powder particles is 3:1, and the particle size of the powder particles is 100-300 μm; the plant straws are one or more of wheat straws, rice straws, corn straws, and soybean straws; the plant straws can also be selected from one or more of plant bodies rich in cellulose such as grass leaves, tree leaves, bagasse, and bean dregs; the animal carapaces are one or more of animal bodies rich in chitin such as lobster carapaces, crab carapaces, and shells.

[0018] Edible oils, especially those derived from plants, mostly come from the fats in seeds and are important components of plants. In plants (such as peanuts, rapeseeds, sunflowers, etc. with relatively high oil content), since fats can be fixed by the components of the plants themselves, outside the plants, the components of the plants themselves can still be used to adsorb such fats.

[0019] Theoretically, cellulose contains more hydroxyl groups, and the positive and negative charge distributions on non-adjacent hydroxyl groups are uneven. Although the net external charge is zero, an electric field can be generated and electrostatic interaction can be induced; there is also a charge distribution on the fatty acid molecular chain, and fatty acids are the main components of neutral fats, phospholipids, and glycolipids; in addition, the surfaces of oil droplets in water all carry a certain charge. When fatty acids are brought close to cellulose, there is a Coulomb interaction between the two, and the two molecules can adsorb together; moreover, this adsorption caused by the Coulomb interaction is of general significance and is not specific to a certain cellulose and fatty acid; this analysis based on cellulose can be extended to chitin. Chitin has a multi-hydroxyl structure similar to cellulose, except that a very small number of hydroxyl groups are replaced by acetamido groups. Therefore, chitin has a function similar to cellulose of binding oils. Figure 2 It can be seen that experiments have shown that in principle, it is proved that cellulose and oils can adsorb together in a very short time.

[0020] In the present invention, a certain short-chain cellulose molecule and two fatty acid molecules (containing 14 carbon atoms and 13 carbon atoms respectively) are selected for computer simulation.

[0021] As Figure 3 shown, when the cellulose molecule and the fatty acid molecule containing 14 carbon atoms are placed at a distance greater than 1 nanometer, the two molecules adsorb together after 4 nanoseconds; after 6 nanoseconds, the two molecules still firmly adsorb together; as Figure 4 shown, when the cellulose molecule and the fatty acid molecule containing 14 carbon atoms are placed at a distance greater than 2 nanometers, the two molecules adsorb together after 4 nanoseconds; after 6 nanoseconds, the two molecules still firmly adsorb together; as Figure 5As shown, the cellulose molecule and two fatty acid molecules containing 14 carbon atoms are placed at a distance greater than 1 nm, and after 6 nanoseconds, the two molecules adsorb together; as Figure 6 shown, the cellulose molecule and two fatty acid molecules containing 13 carbon atoms are placed at a distance greater than 1 nm, and after 6 nanoseconds, the two molecules adsorb together. It can be Figures 3 to 6 seen that by using computer simulation of the adsorption process of fatty acid molecules and cellulose, as the simulation time progresses, the distance between the fatty acid molecules and cellulose continuously decreases and finally stabilizes at 0.6 nm, indicating that the two adsorb together to form a stable structure, that is, the molecules constituting cellulose can indeed adsorb fatty acid molecules.

[0022] The plant straw powder of the present invention has strong adsorption ability due to its large specific surface area (the ratio of surface area to volume, the larger the value, the greater the adsorption effect). Processing plant straw containing cellulose and animal shells containing chitin into powder particles can increase the adsorption ability; in addition, plant bodies rich in cellulose and animal shells rich in chitin have high yields and are renewable, which can ensure that they are used on a large scale for oil stain cleaning, and their products are non-toxic and pollution-free to the environment.

[0023] (2) Place the obtained particle mixture in a drying device for high-temperature treatment. High-temperature treatment can remove the moisture in the powder particles and increase the adsorption area of the powder particles, improve the ability to adsorb oil stains, and at the same time, high temperature can kill microorganisms in the powder particles, etc.; perform high-temperature treatment at 100 - 180 °C for 10 min; or perform high-temperature treatment at 100 - 180 °C under vacuum conditions for 5 min; after the high-temperature treatment is completed, dry material can be obtained.

[0024] (3) Add an alkaline additive to the obtained dry material according to a mass ratio of 1:(50 - 100), and mix well to obtain a deoiling additive; among them, the alkaline additive is a mixture of sodium chloride and sodium carbonate.

[0025] (4) Add the deoiling additive to the substance to be cleaned containing oil stains for oil stain removal. The deoiling additive containing plant straw can be made into a porous block, sponge or net-shaped adsorption carrier; add the deoiling additive to the surface of the appliance and rub it by hand to remove the oil stains on the surface of the appliance or the oil stains in the water body. For example, apply the deoiling additive powder obtained above on the surface of tableware or cooking utensils, use it to adsorb the oil stains on the surface of the appliance, and then rinse off the solid residue with clean water; the cleaning process can be used with or without adding water; the cleaning process can remove the powder or carrier adsorbed with oil stains once or multiple times, and water or dishwashing liquid can be used for further treatment.

[0026] The pure physical method provided by the present invention has the advantages of convenient processing and use, no introduction of additional organic chemical agents, effective removal of oil stains on the surface of appliances, non-toxic side effects on the human body, environmental friendliness, water resource conservation, etc., and also realizes the resource utilization of plants and animals rich in cellulose and chitin; at the same time, plant straws containing cellulose and chitin in the form of particles and powders have better decontamination ability due to their large specific surface area.

[0027] Example 1: The present invention discloses a method for removing oil stains using plant straws containing cellulose and chitin. The method comprises the following steps: cleaning and drying the plant straws and animal shells to remove impurities, then crushing the plant straws and animal shells with a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain a particle mixture with a particle size of 150 μm. Placing the obtained particle mixture in a drying device and performing high-temperature treatment at 100 °C for 10 min to obtain a dry material. Adding sodium carbonate to the obtained dry material according to a mass ratio of 1:50 to prepare a deoiling additive. Making the deoiling additive containing plant straws into a porous block-shaped, sponge-shaped or net-shaped adsorption carrier, and adding the deoiling additive to the substance to be cleaned containing oil stains for oil stain removal.

[0028] Example 2: The present invention discloses a method for removing oil stains using plant straws containing cellulose and chitin. The method comprises the following steps: cleaning and drying the plant straws and animal shells to remove impurities, then crushing the plant straws and animal shells with a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain a particle mixture with a particle size of 150 μm. Placing the obtained particle mixture in a drying device and performing high-temperature treatment at 180 °C for 10 min to obtain a dry material. Adding sodium carbonate to the obtained dry material according to a mass ratio of 1:100 to prepare a deoiling additive. Making the deoiling additive containing plant straws into a porous block-shaped, sponge-shaped or net-shaped adsorption carrier, and adding the deoiling additive to the substance to be cleaned containing oil stains for oil stain removal.

[0029] Example 3: The present invention discloses a method for removing oil stains using plant straws containing cellulose and chitin. The method comprises the following steps: cleaning and drying the plant straws and animal shells to remove impurities, then crushing the plant straws and animal shells with a mass ratio of not less than 3:1 to obtain a particle mixture with a particle size of 150 μm. Placing the obtained particle mixture in a drying device and performing high-temperature treatment at 140 °C under vacuum conditions for 5 min to obtain a dry material. Adding sodium chloride to the obtained dry material according to a mass ratio of 1:70 to prepare a deoiling additive. Making the deoiling additive containing plant straws into a porous block-shaped, sponge-shaped or net-shaped adsorption carrier, and adding the deoiling additive to the substance to be cleaned containing oil stains for oil stain removal.

[0030] Use the deoiling additive prepared from psyllium husk powder with short-chain cellulose as the main component to clean the glass slide with oil droplets coated on its surface. As Figure 7 shown in (b) therein, the oil droplets on the glass slide stained with peanut oil before wiping are distributed in flakes or droplets, and the distribution area is relatively large; as Figure 7 shown in (a) therein, use the deoiling additive to clean the glass slide with oil droplets coated on its surface. After wiping, the oil droplets on the glass slide surface are in granular form, the particle size is significantly reduced, and the distribution is relatively uniform, indicating that most of the oil stains have been removed. As Figure 8 shown in (a) therein, the morphological contour of the psyllium husk powder with short-chain cellulose as the main component before adsorbing peanut oil is relatively rough and in solid form; as Figure 8 shown in (b) therein, after adsorbing peanut oil, the morphological contour of the psyllium husk powder with short-chain cellulose as the main component shows a liquid edge and has luster. It can be seen therefrom that plant straws containing cellulose can adsorb fatty acid molecules, further proving the feasibility of the method for removing oil stains by using the effective components of plants. The method of the present invention for removing oil stains by using the effective components of animals and plants has the advantages of being non-toxic and side-effect-free to humans, environmentally friendly, water-saving, etc. compared with other methods, and realizes the resource utilization of cellulose and chitin; at the same time, cellulose and chitin in the form of particles and powders have stronger adsorption ability due to their large surface area.

[0031] The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and retouches can be made, and these improvements and retouches should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for removing oil stains using plant straw containing cellulose and chitin, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Wash and dry plant straws and animal shells to remove impurities, and then crush them into powder particles to obtain a particle mixture; Step 2: Place the particle mixture obtained in Step 1 in a drying device for high-temperature treatment to obtain a dry material; Step 3: Add an alkaline additive to the dry material obtained in Step 2 in a mass ratio of 1:(50~100), and mix well to obtain a deoiling additive; Step 4: Add the deoiling additive to the substance to be cleaned containing oil stains to remove the oil stains.

2. The method for removing oil stains using plant straw containing cellulose and chitin according to claim 1, wherein The particle size of the powder particles prepared in Step 1 is 100~300μm.

3. The method for removing oil stains using plant straw containing cellulose and chitin according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of plant straws to animal shells of the powder particles prepared in Step 1 is 3:

1.

4. The method for removing oil stains by using plant straws containing cellulose and chitin according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 2, it is subjected to high-temperature treatment at 100~180°C for 10 min; or subjected to high-temperature treatment at 100~180°C under vacuum conditions for 5 min.

5. The method for removing oil stains using plant straw containing cellulose and chitin according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 3, the alkaline additive is sodium chloride or sodium carbonate.

6. The method for removing oil stains by using plant straws containing cellulose and chitin according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, From Step 3 to Step 4, the deoiling additive containing plant straws is made into a porous block-shaped, sponge-shaped or net-shaped adsorption carrier; then it is added to the water body to adsorb the oil stains in the water body, or added to the surface of the appliance and rubbed by hand to remove the oil stains on the surface of the appliance.

7. The method for removing oil stains by using plant straws containing cellulose and chitin according to claim 6, wherein The plant straws are one or more of wheat straws, rice straws, corn straws, and soybean straws.

8. The method for removing oil stains by using plant straws containing cellulose and chitin according to claim 6, characterized in that, The plant straws are one or more of grass leaves, tree leaves, bagasse, and bean dregs, which are plant bodies rich in cellulose.

9. The method for removing oil stains by using plant straw containing cellulose and chitin according to claim 6, characterized in that, The animal shells are one or more of lobster shells, crab shells, and shells, which are animal bodies rich in chitin.

Images