Mouse working memory implantation behavior device and method based on Arduino open source hardware platform

Abstract

The invention discloses a mouse working memory implantation behavior device and method based on an Arduino open source hardware platform. According to the invention, cooperative regulation and control of multi-modal stimulation parameters are realized on an Arduino IDE platform; building a specific signal control circuit by means of an Arduino development board; and then a closed-loop control module and a multi-channel signal generation circuit which are independently researched and developed are integrated, and an intelligent experiment device with parameters capable of being adjusted in real time is constructed. And finally, completing a mouse working memory implantation experiment through a training and verification two-stage experiment process. According to the invention, a plurality of difficulties of insufficient stimulation time sequence synchronism, limited parameter adjustability and the like in the traditional memory implantation research are overcome, high-precision programmable control of memory implantation related stimulation signals is realized, rapid reconstruction of stimulation mode combination is realized through modular design, and the system has a wide application prospect. And an efficient new tool is expected to be provided for deeply exploring a memory formation, storage and extraction mechanism in the field of neuroscience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the cross - field of biomedical engineering and embedded systems, and particularly relates to a programmable memory implantation behavior decision - making device and method based on the Arduino open - source hardware platform, which is applicable to the research of neural signal stimulation and behavior feedback. Background Art

[0002] In the current research fields of neuroscience and brain science, the research related to memory implantation has attracted much attention. However, there are many problems to be solved urgently in the practical application of the closely related memory implantation devices. Traditional neural stimulation devices mostly rely on dedicated hardware to achieve their functions, resulting in an overly long development cycle. It is difficult to quickly verify and practice new research ideas and experimental methods through the corresponding devices. Moreover, most traditional devices cannot support multi - channel signal parallel processing, making it difficult to meet the increasingly refined and complex scientific research needs. Existing memory implantation devices are bulky, occupying a large amount of space, restricting their application in special scenarios, and having defects such as high cost and poor programming flexibility, unable to meet diverse experimental requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems in the background art, the present invention proposes a programmable memory implantation behavior decision - making device and method based on the Arduino open - source hardware platform. The present invention overcomes many difficulties such as insufficient stimulation timing synchronization and limited parameter adjustability in traditional memory implantation research, realizes high - precision programmable control of memory implantation - related stimulation signals, and at the same time realizes the rapid reconstruction of stimulation mode combinations through modular design, promising to provide an efficient new tool for in - depth exploration of the mechanisms of memory formation, storage, and retrieval in the field of neuroscience.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] 1. A behavior device for mouse working memory implantation based on the Arduino open - source hardware platform

[0006] It includes an Arduino IDE programmable control unit, a signal input port, an Arduino development board, an LED display screen, and peripheral devices. The peripheral devices include a water pump, a buzzer, and a tactile sensor. The LED display screen outputs memory stimulation signals. The Arduino IDE programmable control unit is connected to the Arduino development board through a circuit. The water pump, buzzer, and tactile sensor are respectively connected to the Arduino development board through circuits. The Arduino IDE programmable control unit sends corresponding control instructions to the Arduino development board through the signal input port. The Arduino development board controls the water pump, buzzer, and monitors the status of the tactile sensor according to the control instructions, thereby realizing the reward and punishment function and the feedback function.

[0007] The device further includes an adjustable platform on which the mouse is fixed. There are two different letter keys and two different number keys arranged on the adjustable platform. The four keys are arranged in parallel on the adjustable platform, and each key is provided with a tactile sensor. The mouse presses different keys to select the corresponding letter or number.

[0008] The program in the Arduino IDE programmable control unit is recorded on the Arduino development board, and the physical connection mapping of the tactile sensor, water pump and buzzer is established based on the Arduino development board;

[0009] The program in the Arduino IDE programmable control unit includes a pin assignment protocol, a high-precision timer interrupt service program, and a UART serial communication protocol.

[0010] By executing the pin assignment protocol, the electrical connection between the peripheral device and the main control board is realized, and the firmware instruction is executed to initialize the peripheral device to the inactive silent state.

[0011] The system integration high-precision timer interrupt service program includes three types of time functions: the parameters of the first type of time function include the start time and end time of the visual stimulus, which are used to define the start time of the visual stimulus and the visual stimulus trigger interval; the parameters of the second type of time function include the water pump start time and water pump stop time, which are used to define the fluid drive duration; the parameters of the third type of time function include the training pause time and training start time, which are used to define the total duration threshold of the training cycle.

[0012] Through the UART serial communication protocol, a running log containing the time stamp of the device state transition is generated to realize the timing control of the neurobehavioral training process and the real-time monitoring of the system state.

[0013] II. Programmable Memory Implantation Behavior Decision Method Based on Arduino Open Source Hardware Platform

[0014] It includes the following steps:

[0015] 1) Build a mouse working memory implantation behavior device:

[0016] 2) Based on the mouse working memory implantation behavior device built in step 1), conduct a working memory implantation training experiment of a standardized neurobehavioral paradigm, specifically:

[0017] First, the LED display randomly presents a 4-second encoded signal of a single letter or number, synchronously starts the tactile response monitoring system, that is, the UART serial communication protocol, and records the running log including the time stamp of the device state transition;

[0018] After the mouse is optically stimulated by the LED display screen, it makes a touch response within the stimulation window (training cycle), triggers the tactile sensor by touching the button, and then triggers the corresponding reinforcement mechanism; specifically, the reinforcement mechanism is as follows: when the mouse's foot touches the button corresponding to the signal presented on the LED display screen, the water pump releases a set amount of 4 μL of liquid reward to complete positive reinforcement; otherwise, the acoustic suppression unit is activated, and a 2-second punitive intervention is implemented through the buzzer;

[0019] The training experiment strengthens the generalization ability of working memory through randomized digital / letter double-coded stimuli, while maintaining the original optogenetic-behavioral coupling strength and closed-loop regulation timing parameters. (By maintaining the same intensity to control variables).

[0020] 3) Use the mice trained in step 2) to conduct an experiment to verify the working memory efficacy under the standardized neurobehavioral paradigm, specifically as follows:

[0021] First, the LED display screen generates a 4-second visual coding signal through a random letter array generator: the display screen presents two letters, two numbers, or one letter and one number, and simultaneously starts the tactile response monitoring system, namely the UART serial communication protocol, to record the operation log including the device status transition timestamp;

[0022] After the mouse is optically stimulated by the LED display screen and makes a touch response, if the mouse selects the two buttons corresponding to the visual coding signal, the water pump is started to output a set amount of 4 μL of reinforcement stimulus; otherwise, when a non-target tactile sensor activation is detected during the duration of the coding signal, the acoustic suppression unit, namely the buzzer, is triggered to generate a 2-second suppression signal;

[0023] During the verification experiment stage, the firing activity signals of the mouse visual cortex neurons are simultaneously extracted to provide data for subsequent research on the mouse visual stimulus decision-making behavior.

[0024] The verification experiment realizes the dynamic evaluation of memory efficacy by establishing a quantization standard for memory coding stability and based on the significance analysis of the target response probability within a single verification cycle.

[0025] The device in step 1) adopts a modular design architecture and is composed of three parts: a hardware control unit, a stimulus signal generation module, and a behavioral control module,

[0026] The hardware control unit takes the Arduino uno r3 development board as the core, and is burned into the Arduino uno r3 development board through the Arduino IDE programmable control unit, so as to control the water pump, buzzer, and tactile sensor; the stimulus signal generation module includes three functional units: a visual stimulus unit, namely the LED display screen, a noise suppression unit, namely the buzzer, and a drinking water reward unit, namely the water pump; the behavioral control module includes four tactile sensors.

[0027] In step 2):

[0028] Implement a quantitative water supply strategy of 25 mL / kg·d for the experimental animals every day, and set the single-day training volume to 105 - 125 behavioral cycles (a single cycle corresponds to a complete stimulus-response interaction);

[0029] The system is configured with a delay compensation mechanism. If the cumulative water supply does not reach the preset threshold, the mice are replenished with water 1 hour after the end of the training cycle;

[0030] The termination condition for the compliance training of the training experiment is that the correct response rate ≥ 70% within three consecutive training cycles.

[0031] In step 3):

[0032] The experimental animals maintain a water supply of 25 mL / kg·d, and the single-day verification sequence is set to 20 - 30 behavioral decision cycles (a single behavioral decision cycle corresponds to a complete stimulus-response interaction);

[0033] Configure a water balance compensation mechanism in the verification experiment. When the cumulative intake is lower than the set threshold, implement a delayed replenishment strategy, and replenish the mice with water 1 hour after the end of the training cycle;

[0034] Establish a quantitative standard for memory encoding stability, and realize the dynamic evaluation of memory efficacy based on the significance analysis of the target response probability within a single verification cycle.

[0035] Advantages of the present invention:

[0036] The programmable memory implantation behavior decision device based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform proposed by the present invention has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and strong flexibility compared with the traditional memory implantation behavior decision device. It uses the Arduino IDE platform for programming control, can flexibly adjust experimental parameters, and achieve precise control of the experimental process. At the same time, the device uses existing modules such as Arduino circuit boards to build a specific signal control circuit, has good compatibility and scalability, and can conveniently adjust and optimize various parameters, providing strong support for the research and application of memory implantation technology. Description of the Drawings

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the behavioral device for mouse working memory implantation based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform provided by the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: Arduino IDE programmable control unit (1), signal input port (2), Arduino development board (3), LED display screen (4), water pump (5), buzzer (6), tactile sensor (7).

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the behavioral device for mouse working memory implantation based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform provided by the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0040] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] As Figure 1 shown, it is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the memory implantation behavioral decision-making device based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform provided by the present invention. Compared with the traditional memory stimulation behavioral decision-making device, this device has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and strong flexibility. It uses the Arduino IDE platform for programming control, can flexibly adjust experimental parameters, and achieve precise control of the experimental process. At the same time, this device uses existing modules such as Arduino circuit boards to build a specific signal control circuit, which has good compatibility and scalability, can easily adjust and optimize various parameters, and provides strong support for the research and application of memory implantation technology.

[0042] The present invention proposes an auditory stimulation behavioral decision-making device based on the Arduino architecture, including Arduino IDE programmable control unit (1), signal input port (2), Arduino development board (3), LED display screen (4), water pump (5), buzzer (6), tactile sensor (7); the Arduino IDE programmable control unit (1) is connected to the Arduino development board (3) through a circuit, and the water pump (5), buzzer (6), and tactile sensor (7) are respectively connected to the Arduino development board (3) through circuits; among them, the LED display screen (4) outputs memory stimulation signals, randomly presents them according to a preset program and lasts for 4 seconds. At the same time, the Arduino IDE programmable control unit (1) sends corresponding control instructions to the Arduino development board (3) through the signal input port (2), and the Arduino development board (3) controls the water pump (5), buzzer (6) and monitors the status of the tactile sensor (7) accordingly, so as to achieve the reward and punishment function and the feedback function.

[0043] It also includes an adjustable platform. The mouse is fixed on the adjustable platform. There are four parallel arranged buttons on the adjustable platform: two letter buttons: button A and button B, two number buttons: button 1 and button 2. Each button is provided with a tactile sensor, and the mouse selects the corresponding letter or number by pressing different buttons.

[0044] As shown Figure 2 in the figure, a behavioral device and method for implanting mouse working memory based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform are as follows:

[0045] (a) Implementation of the control architecture of the embedded multi-modal neuromodulation device: Based on the microcontroller, establish the physical connection mapping of the tactile sensor, water pump, and acoustic feedback device, and initialize the peripheral devices to the non-activated silent state through firmware instructions. The system integrates a high-precision timer interrupt service program, sets the threshold parameters of the visual stimulus duration, fluid drive duration, and total training cycle duration, and generates a running log containing the timestamp of the device state transition through the UART serial communication protocol to achieve the timing control of the neurobehavioral training process and real-time monitoring of the system state.

[0046] (b) Construction of the mouse working memory implant behavioral device: This device adopts a modular design architecture and consists of three parts: a hardware control unit, a stimulus signal generation module, and a behavioral control module. The hardware control unit takes the Arduino uno r3 development board as the core and uploads the control program through the Arduino integrated development environment. The stimulus signal generation module includes three functional units: ① Visual stimulus unit (LED display screen); ② Noise punishment unit (buzzer, frequency response range 2 - 10 kHz); ③ Drinking water reward unit (water pump, flow accuracy ±0.5 μL / s). The behavioral control module includes four tactile sensors, which are installed on the adjustable platform in a parallel arrangement. In addition, the device operates using a closed-loop feedback mechanism: The visual stimulus unit presents a standardized visual stimulus with a fixed duration of 4 s. During the stimulus presentation stage, the tactile sensors record the mouse's touch behavior in real-time. When a target contact behavior is detected, a noise punishment (2 s continuous sound) or a liquid reward (4 μL quantitative release) is triggered synchronously.

[0047] (c) Implementation of the working memory implantation training experiment based on the standardized neurobehavioral paradigm: A dual-modal closed-loop regulation mechanism is adopted to establish a neural correlation model of optogenetic stimulation-behavioral decision-making. The specific process is to implement a quantitative water supply strategy of 25 mL / kg·d for experimental animals every day, and the single-day training volume is set at 105 - 125 behavioral cycles (a single cycle corresponds to a complete stimulation-response interaction). The training architecture consists of three core stages: (1) Optical stimulation stage: The LED display randomly presents 4-second letter or digital coding signals, and simultaneously activates the tactile response monitoring system; (2) Positive reinforcement stage: When a target behavioral response with a foot touch duration ≥ 0.1 s is detected, the water pump releases 4 μL of liquid reward to complete positive reinforcement; (3) Negative regulation stage: If a non-target sensor signal is captured within the stimulation window, a 2-second punitive intervention is implemented through the acoustic negative regulation unit. The system is configured with a delay compensation mechanism. When the cumulative water supply does not reach the preset threshold, a delay replenishment strategy with an interval ≥ 1 h is initiated after the end of the training cycle, and a compliance training termination criterion with a correct response rate ≥ 70% within three consecutive training cycles is set. The generalization ability of working memory is strengthened through randomized digital / letter dual-coding stimulation, while maintaining the original optogenetic-behavioral coupling strength and closed-loop regulation timing parameters.

[0048] (d) Implementation of the working memory efficacy verification experiment under the standardized neurobehavioral paradigm: A dual-modal closed-loop verification mechanism is adopted to evaluate the neural coding stability of optogenetic stimulation-behavioral decision-making. This verification system includes the following core elements: The experimental animals maintain a hydration balance parameter of 25 mL / kg·d, and the single-day verification sequence is set at 20 - 30 behavioral decision-making cycles. The verification process includes three functional modules: (1) Optical coding module: A 4-second visual coding signal is generated through a random letter array generator, and tactile sensing data acquisition is simultaneously performed; (2) Conditioned reflex verification module: After accurately identifying the foot contact signal (Δt ≥ 0.1 s), the micro water pump is activated to output 4 μL of reinforcement stimulation; (3) Error response detection module: When a non-target sensor activation is detected during the duration of the coding signal, the acoustic suppression unit is triggered to generate a 2-second suppression signal. The system maintains a water balance compensation mechanism. When the cumulative intake is lower than the set threshold, a delay replenishment strategy (time window ≥ 1 h) is executed. A quantitative standard for memory coding stability is established, and the dynamic evaluation of memory efficacy is realized based on the significance analysis of the target response probability within a single verification cycle.

Claims

1. A behavioral device for implanting mouse working memory based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform, characterized in that It includes an Arduino IDE programmable control unit (1), a signal input port (2), an Arduino development board (3), an LED display screen (4), and peripheral devices. The peripheral devices include a water pump (5), a buzzer (6), and a tactile sensor (7); the LED display screen (4) outputs a memory stimulation signal. The Arduino IDE programmable control unit (1) is connected to the Arduino development board (3) through a circuit. The water pump (5), the buzzer (6), and the tactile sensor (7) are respectively connected to the Arduino development board (3) through circuits. The Arduino IDE programmable control unit (1) sends corresponding control instructions to the Arduino development board (3) through the signal input port (2), and the Arduino development board (3) controls the water pump (5), the buzzer (6), and monitors the status of the tactile sensor (7) according to the control instructions.

2. The behavioral device for implanting the working memory of a mouse based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform according to claim 1, wherein The device further includes an adjustable platform. The mouse is fixed on the adjustable platform. There are two different letter keys and two different number keys arranged on the adjustable platform. The four keys are arranged in parallel on the adjustable platform. Each key is provided with a tactile sensor, and the mouse presses different keys to select the corresponding letter or number.

3. A behavioral device for implanting mouse working memory based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The program in the Arduino IDE programmable control unit (1) is entered into the Arduino development board (3), and a physical connection mapping of the tactile sensor (7), the water pump (5), and the buzzer (6) is established based on the Arduino development board (3). The program in the Arduino IDE programmable control unit (1) includes a pin assignment protocol, a high-precision timer interrupt service program, and a UART serial communication protocol.

4. A behavioral device for implanting mouse working memory based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform according to claim 3, characterized in that, The electrical connection between the peripheral device and the main control board is realized by executing the pin assignment protocol, and the firmware instruction is executed to initialize the peripheral device to an inactive silent state.

5. The behavioral device for mouse working memory implantation based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform according to claim 3, characterized in that, The system integrated high-precision timer interrupt service program includes three types of time functions: The parameters of the first type of time function include the visual stimulation start time and the visual stimulation end time, which are used to define the visual stimulation start time and the visual stimulation trigger interval. The parameters of the second type of time function include the water pump start time and the water pump stop time, which are used to define the fluid drive duration. The parameters of the third type of time function include the training pause time and the training start time, which are used to define the total duration threshold of the training cycle.

6. The behavioral device for implanting the working memory of a mouse based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform according to claim 3, wherein A running log containing the device status transition timestamp is generated through the UART serial communication protocol.

7. A programmable memory implantation behavior decision-making method based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform using the device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: 1) Set up a mouse working memory implantation behavior device: 2) Conduct a working memory implantation training experiment of a standardized neurobehavioral paradigm based on the mouse working memory implantation behavior device set up in step 1), specifically: First, the LED display screen (4) randomly presents a 4-second encoded signal of a single letter or number, and simultaneously starts the tactile response monitoring system, that is, the UART serial communication protocol, and records the running log including the device status transition timestamp. After receiving optical stimulation from the LED display (4), the mouse makes a touch response within the stimulation window, triggers the tactile sensor by touching the button, and then triggers the corresponding reinforcement mechanism; The reinforcement mechanism is as follows: if the mouse's foot touches the button corresponding to the signal displayed on the LED display, the water pump releases a set amount of liquid reward to complete positive reinforcement; otherwise, the acoustic suppression unit is activated and a 2-second punitive intervention is implemented through a buzzer; 3) Using the mice trained in step 2), a working memory performance test was conducted using a standardized neurobehavioral paradigm, specifically: First, the LED display (4) generates a 4-second visual coding signal through a random letter array generator: the display presents two letters, two numbers, or one letter and one number, and simultaneously starts the tactile response monitoring system, namely the UART serial communication protocol, to record the operation log including the device state change timestamp; The mouse responds to the touch after receiving the optical stimulation of the LED display (4). If the mouse selects the two buttons corresponding to the visual coding signal, the water pump is activated to output the set amount of reinforcement stimulation; on the contrary, when the non-target tactile sensor is detected to be activated during the duration of the coding signal, the acoustic suppression unit, i.e., the buzzer, is triggered to generate a 2-second suppression signal; During the verification experiment phase, the activity signals of the mouse visual cortex neurons were extracted simultaneously to provide data for subsequent research on the visual stimulation decision-making behavior of mice.

8. The programmable memory implantation behavior decision-making method based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform according to claim 7, characterized in that, The device of step 1) adopts a modular design architecture and consists of three parts: a hardware control unit, a stimulation signal generation module, and a behavioral control module. The hardware control unit is based on the Arduino uno r3 development board, and the Arduino IDE programmable control unit (1) is burned into the Arduino uno r3 development board to control the water pump (5), the buzzer (6), and the tactile sensor (7). The stimulation signal generation module includes three functional units: a visual stimulation unit, i.e., an LED display screen; a noise suppression unit, i.e., a buzzer; and a drinking reward unit, i.e., a water pump; The behavioral control module includes four tactile sensors.

9. The programmable memory implantation behavior decision-making method based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform according to claim 7, characterized in that In the step 2), The experimental animals were given a daily water supply of 25 mL / kg·d, and the daily training volume was set at 105–125 behavioral cycles. The system is equipped with a delay compensation mechanism. If the cumulative water supply does not reach the preset threshold, the mice will be rehydrated 1 hour after the end of the training cycle. The termination condition for the target training of the training experiment is: the correct response rate is ≥70% in three consecutive training cycles.

10. The programmable memory implantation behavior decision-making method based on the Arduino open-source hardware platform according to claim 7, wherein In the step 3): The experimental animals were maintained on a water intake of 25 mL / kg·d, and the daily verification sequence was set to 20–30 behavioral decision cycles; In the validation experiment, a water balance compensation mechanism was configured. When the cumulative intake fell below the set threshold, a delayed replenishment strategy was implemented, and the mice were replenished with water 1 hour after the end of the training cycle.

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