Multi-channel timer circuit device and system

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-channel timer circuit device and system, which relates to the field of electronic circuit technology. The device comprises: a processor utilizing a field programmable logic array (FPGA) for performing timing logic control and intelligent pulse signal processing; a signal input circuit for synchronizing the clock, setting target times for each load in the multi-channel timer, and transmitting the target times to the processor; and a reference clock circuit for calculating the timing of each load. Specifically, the circuit utilizes a superconducting quantum interference multivibrator (SQIM) to generate reference pulses, which are then timed using an adaptive frequency divider to obtain the timing. The present invention utilizes a field programmable logic array (FPGA) processor and a SQIM, combined with adaptive frequency division coefficients, temperature, and noise compensation algorithms, to achieve high-precision timing, addressing the low precision of traditional timers and meeting the requirements of industrial automation scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electronic circuits, and in particular to a multi-channel timer circuit device and system. Background Art

[0002] In many fields such as industrial automation, smart home, scientific research and experiments, the demand for precise timing control of multiple devices is increasing.

[0003] Traditional multi-channel timers have many defects: on the one hand, timers based on analog circuits have low timing accuracy and are easily affected by factors such as ambient temperature and power supply fluctuations, and cannot meet high-precision timing requirements; on the other hand, although the accuracy of some digital timers has been improved, their logic control flexibility is insufficient and their expansion capabilities are limited, making it difficult to adapt to complex and changing application scenarios.

[0004] Furthermore, existing timers lack effective dynamic compensation mechanisms for load current fluctuations, circuit aging, and high-frequency switching, making them prone to overcurrent failures and leaving reliability to be improved. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a multi-channel timer circuit device and system to address the aforementioned technical issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a multi-channel timer circuit device and system, which, through hardware architecture and intelligent algorithms, achieves high-precision, flexible and scalable multi-channel timing control, while also having dynamic current compensation and overcurrent protection functions to meet the needs of diverse application scenarios.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-channel timer circuit device, comprising:

[0007] Processor, using field programmable logic array, for executing timing logic control and intelligent processing of pulse signals;

[0008] A signal input circuit, connected to the processor, is used to synchronize the clock, set the target time of each load of the multi-channel timer, and transmit the target time to the processor; wherein the target time includes the start time and / or the close time;

[0009] The reference clock circuit is connected to the processor and is used to count the timing time of each load. Specifically, a superconducting quantum interference multivibrator is used to generate a reference pulse, and the timing time T is obtained through the adaptive frequency divider.

[0010] The multi-channel signal output circuit is connected to the processor and is used to generate a control signal through pulse width modulation when the timing reaches the target time T of each load, and send the control signal to the processor so that the processor can control the opening or closing of each load according to the control signal;

[0011] A power supply and current detection circuit is connected to the processor, and is used to supply power to the multi-channel timer through the power supply and to detect the output current of the multi-channel signal output circuit and transmit the output current to the processor; the processor is also used to determine whether the output current is greater than the output current threshold, and if so, cut off the power supply.

[0012] Preferably, the timing time T is obtained by timing with an adaptive frequency divider, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0013] The pulse counting module of the multi-channel timer performs real-time statistics on the pulse signal generated by the reference clock circuit:

[0014] The counting logic unit integrated in the field programmable logic array is used to capture the reference pulse output by the superconducting quantum interference multivibrator cycle by cycle, and the total pulse sequence is accumulated. ,in is the pulse count corresponding to the i-th load, where i represents the number of loads;

[0015] Set the reference frequency of the reference clock circuit ;

[0016] The adaptive frequency division coefficient is obtained based on the working status, load requirements and resource allocation of the multi-channel timer. ;

[0017] Thermistor is used to detect the difference between the current ambient temperature and the standard measurement temperature to obtain the temperature offset. ;

[0018] Based on the relevant current detection circuit, the noise current in the working environment of the multi-channel timer is monitored and collected in real time to obtain the environmental noise current ;

[0019] Based on the above parameters, the reference clock circuit calculates the total timing time T using the following formula: , where n represents the total number of load paths, 、 They represent the temperature compensation coefficient and noise correction coefficient respectively.

[0020] Preferably, when the timing time reaches the target time T of each load, a control signal is generated by pulse width modulation, specifically as follows:

[0021] When the timing reaches the load opening condition, the processor sends an opening instruction to the multi-channel signal output circuit and records the opening time of the opening instruction as and closing time , then the duration of the process from opening to closing is recorded as the conduction time , record the interval from the current closing time to the next opening time as the deadline ,Timestamp recording and difference calculation are realized through the timing module and control logic of the processor;

[0022] The Hall sensor is placed close to the load power supply circuit. The change in the magnetic field it senses is proportional to the load current. The voltage signal output by the sensor is filtered, amplified, and converted into analog-to-digital, and then transmitted to the analog signal acquisition module of the processor to convert it into the real-time load current. , calculation formula ,in, is the voltage signal value after analog-to-digital conversion of the voltage signal output by the sensor, and k is the conversion coefficient of the sensor and signal conditioning circuit;

[0023] The processor calculates the average load current by performing a sliding window average on the real-time load current. , specifically: set the time window , real-time acquisition within the time window Accumulate, that is , N1 is the number of current data points collected in the window, The real-time load current collected for the jth time is updated through the arithmetic operation unit and data cache module of the processor;

[0024] Set the rated maximum current according to the rated parameters of the load driven by the multi-channel timer ;

[0025] The PWM duty cycle D is calculated by calculating the on-time, off-time, real-time load current, average load current and rated maximum current. The formula is: , where Indicates the load fluctuation coefficient.

[0026] Preferably, the processor is further configured to determine whether the output current is greater than a dynamic overcurrent threshold, and the specific process is as follows:

[0027] The Hall effect sensor is connected in series or parallel to the power supply circuit of the multi-channel signal output circuit to convert the load current into a voltage / magnetic field signal. After signal filtering, amplification, and analog-to-digital conversion, it is transmitted to the analog signal processing module of the processor to convert the detection current. , the calculation formula is ;

[0028] Set the current reference threshold of the load driven by the multi-channel timer ;

[0029] Get the processor to record the power-on working time of the power supply and current detection circuit in real time , set the rated time of the circuit , the circuit aging index LH is obtained by calculating the ratio of the power-on working time to the rated time;

[0030] By changing from low frequency to high frequency according to the set frequency, the overcurrent critical value of the monitoring circuit at different frequencies changes, and the coefficient that can reflect the influence of switching frequency on the overcurrent threshold is obtained by data fitting, which is recorded as the switching frequency coefficient , the coefficient is stored in the frequency compensation configuration area of ​​the processor;

[0031] The processor captures the rising / falling edge of the PWM signal to obtain the set statistical unit time Number of pulses in , calculate the real-time switching frequency , the formula is ,real-time monitoring is achieved through timer interrupt and counting logic;

[0032] The detection current, current reference threshold, circuit aging index, switching frequency coefficient, and real-time switching frequency are used to determine overcurrent and perform power cut-off operation using the following formula: ;

[0033] Where, represents the working time coefficient, Indicates the dynamic overcurrent threshold, Used to compensate for the aging attenuation of the circuit due to the accumulated working time. Used to compensate for the impact of switching frequency changes on circuit current characteristics;

[0034] When the current is detected in real time When the current is greater than the dynamic overcurrent threshold, the processor determines that there is an overcurrent risk in the circuit and executes a power-off operation; the power-off operation includes immediately triggering the power-off logic of the low-power sleep wake-up circuit, and by controlling the switching device, cutting off the power supply of the multi-channel timer to protect the safety of the circuit and the load; wherein the switching device includes at least one of a power management chip or a relay.

[0035] Preferably, the device further comprises a data storage circuit connected to the processor, wherein the data storage circuit is used to use a magnetoresistive random access memory to store the target time of each load transmitted from the processor.

[0036] Preferably, it further comprises a display circuit connected to the processor, wherein the display circuit is used to display the current time and current of the multi-channel timer under the control of the processor.

[0037] Preferably, it further comprises a plurality of switch devices connected to the processor, wherein the plurality of switch devices are used to control, through the processor, whether the multi-channel output terminals of the multi-channel signal output circuit output control signals for controlling the on or off of each load.

[0038] Preferably, it also includes a backup battery connected to the processor. When a power outage causes the power supply of the power supply and the current detection circuit to be unable to supply power to the multi-channel timer, the processor controls the backup battery to supply power to the multi-channel timer.

[0039] Preferably, when a power outage causes the power supply of the power supply and the current detection circuit to be unable to supply power to the multi-channel timer, the processor controls the backup battery to supply power to the multi-channel timer, which is specifically as follows:

[0040] obtaining a power supply voltage of a power supply and current detection circuit, and performing a backup battery switching operation when the power supply voltage is less than a preset rated voltage or when a power cut-off operation is performed;

[0041] The backup battery switching operation specifically uses a processor to control the backup battery to supply power through a low-power switching circuit. The switching formula is: Where, Indicates the actual output voltage when the backup battery supplies power to the multi-channel timer. Expressed as the ratio of discharge time to rated time, Indicates the current voltage of the backup battery.

[0042] The present invention also proposes a multi-channel timer system, comprising the multi-channel timer circuit device proposed above, and a fixing device; the fixing device is used to fix the multi-channel timer circuit device at a specified position.

[0043] Compared with related technologies, the multi-channel timer circuit device and system provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0044] 1. The present invention uses a field programmable logic array processor and a superconducting quantum interference multivibrator, combined with an adaptive frequency division coefficient, temperature and noise compensation algorithm to achieve high-precision timing, solve the low precision problem of traditional timers, and meet the needs of industrial automation scenarios;

[0045] 2. The present invention dynamically adjusts the PWM duty cycle, combines real-time load current monitoring with sliding window average calculation, compensates for load fluctuations, improves power regulation accuracy, avoids overload, and enhances equipment operation stability;

[0046] 3. This invention introduces a dynamic overcurrent threshold, comprehensively considers the circuit aging degree and switching frequency parameters, accurately determines the overcurrent risk and cuts off the power supply, and switches to a backup battery to ensure equipment safety and the continuity of scheduled tasks;

[0047] In summary, the present invention combines hardware architecture with intelligent algorithms to achieve high-precision multi-channel timing control, dynamically compensate for load fluctuations and circuit aging, and has overcurrent protection and backup power supply functions to ensure stable operation and safety of equipment, meeting the diverse needs of scenarios such as industrial automation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 This is a principle connection diagram of a multi-channel timer circuit device provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] The terms used in this disclosure are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the disclosure. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "group," "class," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0051] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in this disclosure to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining."

[0052] Please refer to Figure 1 A multi-channel timer circuit device, comprising:

[0053] Processor, using field programmable logic array, for executing timing logic control and intelligent processing of pulse signals;

[0054] A signal input circuit, connected to the processor, is used to synchronize the clock, set the target time of each load of the multi-channel timer, and transmit the target time to the processor; wherein the target time includes the start time and / or the close time;

[0055] The reference clock circuit is connected to the processor and is used to count the timing time of each load. Specifically, a superconducting quantum interference multivibrator is used to generate a reference pulse, and the timing time T is obtained through the adaptive frequency divider.

[0056] A multi-channel signal output circuit is connected to the processor and is used to generate a control signal through pulse width modulation (PWM) when the timing time reaches the target time T of each load, and send the control signal to the processor so that the processor can control each load to be turned on or off according to the control signal;

[0057] The power supply and current detection circuit is connected to the processor, and is used to supply power to the multi-channel timer through the power supply and to detect the output current of the multi-channel signal output circuit and transmit the output current to the processor; the processor is also used to determine whether the output current is greater than the output current threshold, and if so, cut off the power supply.

[0058] In this application, the timing time T is obtained by using an adaptive frequency divider, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0059] The pulse counting module of the multi-channel timer performs real-time statistics on the pulse signal generated by the reference clock circuit:

[0060] The counting logic unit integrated in the field programmable logic array is used to capture the reference pulse output by the superconducting quantum interference multivibrator cycle by cycle, and the total pulse sequence is accumulated. ,in is the pulse count corresponding to the i-th load, where i represents the number of loads;

[0061] Set the reference frequency of the reference clock circuit ;

[0062] The adaptive frequency division coefficient is obtained based on the working status, load requirements and resource allocation of the multi-channel timer. ;

[0063] Thermistor is used to detect the difference between the current ambient temperature and the standard measurement temperature to obtain the temperature offset. It should be noted that the resistance of the thermistor will change with temperature. By detecting the change in resistance and converting it into temperature change, the temperature can be determined. ;

[0064] Based on the relevant current detection circuit, the noise current in the working environment of the multi-channel timer is monitored and collected in real time to obtain the environmental noise current ;

[0065] Based on the above parameters, the reference clock circuit calculates the total timing time T using the following formula: , where n represents the total number of load paths, 、 Respectively represent the temperature compensation coefficient and noise correction coefficient; the formula is divided into two parts, the first part :For the i-th load, through Calculate the time corresponding to a single pulse (reference pulse period × frequency division ratio), and then multiply it by the pulse count Get the single-channel base timing; sum all loaded channels to get the uncompensated total timing base value, part 2 is the error compensation factor, Compensate for frequency drift caused by temperature (temperature changes cause oscillator frequency to shift, and timing deviations need to be corrected), Compensate for the interference of ambient noise current on pulse counting (noise can introduce false pulses or lost pulses, and counting errors are corrected by statistically analyzing noise current). Multiply the basic timing value by the error compensation factor to obtain a highly accurate total timing time T. This result is transmitted to the multi-channel timer control logic via the processor bus and used to determine the time to turn on / off the load.

[0066] Temperature compensation coefficient The acquisition logic is obtained by conducting a large number of tests, experiments and data fitting on temperature-affected devices such as pressure sensors under different temperature environments; the noise correction coefficient By testing multi-channel timers in different noise environments (such as electromagnetic interference of different intensities, changes in environmental electric field current, etc.), the impact of noise current on timing results is analyzed, and the coefficient is determined through data processing and fitting.

[0067] In this application, when the timing reaches the target time T of each load, a control signal is generated through pulse width modulation (PWM), as follows:

[0068] When the timing reaches the load opening condition, the processor sends an opening instruction to the multi-channel signal output circuit and records the opening time of the opening instruction as and closing time , then the duration of the process from opening to closing is recorded as the conduction time , record the interval from the current closing time to the next opening time as the deadline ,Timestamp recording and difference calculation are realized through the timing module and control logic of the processor;

[0069] The Hall sensor is placed close to the load power supply circuit. The change in the magnetic field it senses is proportional to the load current. The voltage signal output by the sensor is filtered, amplified, and converted into analog-to-digital, and then transmitted to the analog signal acquisition module of the processor to convert it into the real-time load current. , calculation formula ,in, is the voltage signal value after analog-to-digital conversion of the voltage signal output by the sensor, and k is the conversion coefficient of the sensor and signal conditioning circuit, which can be determined through calibration experiments;

[0070] The processor calculates the average load current by performing a sliding window average on the real-time load current. , specifically: Set the time window , real-time acquisition within the time window Accumulate, that is , N1 is the number of current data points collected in the window, The real-time load current collected for the jth time is updated through the arithmetic operation unit and data cache module of the processor;

[0071] Set the rated maximum current according to the rated parameters of the load driven by the multi-channel timer ;

[0072] The PWM duty cycle D is calculated by calculating the on-time, off-time, real-time load current, average load current and rated maximum current. The formula is: , where It represents the load fluctuation coefficient. It can be obtained by selecting multiple typical loads, simulating various load current fluctuation scenarios (such as from no-load to rated load, rapid load current change, etc.), testing the impact of PWM duty cycle adjustment on load stability, and then fitting and optimizing the data. The formula can be divided into two parts. One part is Indicates the basic duty cycle, which reflects the ratio of the load on-time to the on-off cycle (on-time + off-time) within a PWM cycle. It reflects the basic power output ratio when the load current fluctuation is not considered. Indicates the load fluctuation compensation factor. When “±” takes “-” sign, the duty cycle is reduced, the load power output is reduced, and the load is prevented from being overloaded due to excessive current; when , replace “±” with “+” to increase the duty cycle, improve the load power output, and maintain stable load operation; Used to quantify the ratio of load current fluctuation to rated maximum current and pass it through load fluctuation coefficient Adapt the adjustment range to ensure that the duty cycle adjustment can effectively compensate for load fluctuations without causing abnormal load operation due to excessive adjustment range.

[0073] It should be noted that when the timing time reaches the target time of each load, the process of generating a control signal through pulse width modulation (PWM) is as follows: the processor first records the load opening and closing times, and calculates the on- and off-times; the load current is collected by the Hall sensor, and the real-time load current is obtained after signal processing, and the average load current is calculated through the sliding window average, and the rated maximum current is set at the same time; the PWM duty cycle is then calculated based on the on-time, off-time, real-time load current, average load current and rated maximum current, and the load fluctuation coefficient is used to compensate for the impact of load current fluctuations on power output. When the real-time load current is greater than the average load current, the duty cycle is reduced, and vice versa, the duty cycle is increased to achieve precise regulation of the load power.

[0074] In this application, the processor is also used to determine whether the output current is greater than the dynamic overcurrent threshold. The specific process is as follows:

[0075] The Hall effect sensor is connected in series or parallel to the power supply circuit of the multi-channel signal output circuit to convert the load current into a voltage / magnetic field signal. After signal filtering, amplification, and analog-to-digital conversion, it is transmitted to the analog signal processing module of the processor to convert the detection current. , the calculation formula is ;

[0076] Set the current reference threshold of the load driven by the multi-channel timer ;

[0077] Get the processor to record the power-on working time of the power supply and current detection circuit in real time (Start counting from the moment the circuit is started) and set the rated time of the circuit (Typical working time corresponding to the circuit design life), the circuit aging index LH is obtained by calculating the ratio of the power-on working time to the rated time;

[0078] By changing from low frequency to high frequency according to the set frequency, the overcurrent critical value of the monitoring circuit at different frequencies changes, and the coefficient that can reflect the influence of switching frequency on the overcurrent threshold is obtained by data fitting, which is recorded as the switching frequency coefficient , the coefficient is stored in the frequency compensation configuration area of ​​the processor;

[0079] The processor captures the rising edge / falling edge of the PWM signal to obtain the set statistical unit time Number of pulses in , calculate the real-time switching frequency , the formula is ,real-time monitoring is achieved through timer interrupt and counting logic;

[0080] The detection current, current reference threshold, circuit aging index, switching frequency coefficient, and real-time switching frequency are used to determine overcurrent and perform power cut-off operation using the following formula: ;

[0081] Where, The working time coefficient can be calculated by fitting the long-term operating conditions of the circuit through aging tests of the power supply and current detection circuit under different cumulative working hours and reliability experiments to obtain the coefficient that reflects the impact of performance changes caused by circuit working time (such as component aging, internal resistance change, etc.) on the overcurrent threshold; Indicates the dynamic overcurrent threshold, reflecting the safe current limit of the circuit under different operating hours and switching frequencies; Used to compensate for the aging attenuation of the circuit due to the accumulated working time (for example, the internal resistance of the component increases, the current detection value is too high under the same load, and the overcurrent threshold needs to be adjusted); Used to compensate for the impact of switching frequency changes on circuit current characteristics (high-frequency switching may cause current spikes and increased electromagnetic interference, requiring dynamic adjustment of the overcurrent threshold to avoid misjudgment or missed judgment);

[0082] When the current is detected in real time When the current is greater than the dynamic overcurrent threshold, the processor determines that there is an overcurrent risk in the circuit and executes a power-off operation; the power-off operation includes immediately triggering the power-off logic of the low-power sleep wake-up circuit, and by controlling the switching device, cutting off the power supply of the multi-channel timer to protect the safety of the circuit and the load; wherein the switching device includes at least one of a power management chip or a relay.

[0083] In this application, the present invention also includes a data storage circuit connected to the processor, and the data storage circuit is used to use a magnetoresistive random access memory to store the target time of each load transmitted from the processor.

[0084] Specifically, the circuit uses magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) as a storage medium, leveraging its non-volatile properties (data is not lost after power outages) to persistently store key parameters such as the on / off times of various loads transmitted by the processor. When the system is powered off and restarted, the processor can directly read the target time data from the MRAM without resetting it, ensuring the continuity of scheduled tasks. Furthermore, MRAM's high-speed read and write capabilities enable the processor to update or query stored data in real time, meeting the needs of dynamic adjustment of multiple loads. This design is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring long-term stable operation (such as industrial automation production lines and smart grid control), preventing the loss of timing parameters due to power fluctuations or unexpected power outages, thereby improving device reliability and ease of use. The storage circuit can also integrate quantum error correction coding algorithms to further improve data storage accuracy and interference resistance.

[0085] In this application, the present invention also includes a display circuit connected to the processor, and the display circuit is used to display the current time and current current of the multi-channel timer under the control of the processor.

[0086] Specifically, the processor transmits the timing generated by the reference clock circuit and the real-time current data collected by the power supply and current detection circuits to the display circuit. The display circuit dynamically displays the current time (accurate to the second or better) and current value using laser-driven display technology (such as OLED or LED dot matrix). This design allows users to intuitively monitor device operating status. For example, in industrial scenarios, users can view the operating hours and current fluctuations of each load in real time to detect anomalies. In smart homes, users can easily monitor the time settings and power consumption of timers. The display content can be configured with a refresh rate through the processor, and supports functions such as brightness adjustment to adapt to the display needs of different environments, improving the convenience of human-computer interaction and device operability.

[0087] In this application, the present invention also includes multiple switching devices connected to the processor, and the multiple switching devices are used to control whether the multiple output ends of the multiple signal output circuit output control signals for controlling the opening or closing of each load through the processor.

[0088] Specifically, each switching device corresponds to a control signal output channel for one load. When the processor determines that the timing of a load has reached the target time, it sends a control instruction to the corresponding switching device to turn it on or off, thereby controlling whether the output terminal of that channel outputs the control signal for turning the load on or off. This design allows each load to be controlled independently to meet the differentiated timing requirements of different loads. For example, in industrial automation scenarios, different start and stop times can be set for different devices at the same time, improving the flexibility and adaptability of the system. The switching device can use components such as relays or thyristors, and achieve precise on-off operations through the logic control of the processor, ensuring that the control signal outputs of each load do not interfere with each other and ensuring the stable operation of the multi-channel timer.

[0089] In this application, the present invention also includes a backup battery connected to the processor. When a power outage causes the power supply and the current detection circuit to be unable to supply power to the multi-channel timer, the processor controls the backup battery to supply power to the multi-channel timer.

[0090] Specifically, the processor monitors the main power supply voltage in real time. When it detects that the power supply voltage falls below the preset rated voltage, or when a power-off operation is initiated due to an abnormal condition such as overcurrent, it automatically triggers the backup battery's low-power switching circuit. This design ensures that multi-channel timers can maintain critical functions such as clock operation and data storage after a power outage, preventing the failure of scheduled tasks or parameter loss due to power interruptions. It is particularly suitable for scenarios with high requirements for continuous operation, such as industrial automation and medical equipment. The backup battery connection is intelligently controlled by the processor, ensuring system endurance while reducing standby energy consumption through low-power design and extending the backup power supply period.

[0091] In this application, when a power outage causes the power supply of the power supply and the current detection circuit to be unable to supply power to the multi-channel timer, the processor controls the backup battery to supply power to the multi-channel timer, which is specifically as follows:

[0092] obtaining a power supply voltage of a power supply and current detection circuit, and performing a backup battery switching operation when the power supply voltage is less than a preset rated voltage or when a power cut-off operation is performed;

[0093] The backup battery switching operation specifically uses the processor to control the backup battery to supply power through the low-power switching circuit. The switching formula is: Where, Indicates the actual output voltage when the backup battery supplies power to the multi-channel timer. Expressed as the ratio of discharge time to rated time, Indicates the current voltage of the backup battery.

[0094] It should be noted that when there is a power outage or the power supply voltage is lower than the preset rated voltage, or when a power cut-off operation is performed, the processor will trigger the backup battery switching mechanism. Specifically, the processor monitors the power supply voltage of the power supply and current detection circuit in real time. When the voltage is lower than the threshold, it immediately controls the backup battery to connect to the system power supply circuit through the low-power switching circuit. During this switching process, the actual output voltage of the backup battery will be dynamically adjusted according to its current voltage and the ratio of the discharge time to the rated time, ensuring that when the main power supply is abnormal, the backup battery can continuously supply power to multiple timers at a reasonable voltage, maintain key functions such as system clock operation and data storage, avoid interruption of timing tasks or data loss due to power outages, and improve the reliability of the equipment in the event of sudden power outages.

[0095] The present application also proposes a multi-channel timer system, which adopts the multi-channel timer circuit device proposed above, and a fixing device; the fixing device is used to fix the multi-channel timer circuit device at a specified position.

[0096] The core of the multi-channel timer system proposed in this application lies in combining the aforementioned multi-channel timer circuit device with a fixing device. The fixing device can be designed with a snap-on, bolt-mounted, or magnetic structure, depending on the actual application scenario (such as industrial control cabinets and smart home wall panels). Mechanical connection methods such as screw holes and slots securely secure the circuit device in a designated position, ensuring that the device remains stable in the presence of vibration and movement, preventing loose installation from affecting circuit connection reliability and timing accuracy. This system also facilitates centralized management and maintenance of the device, enabling the entire system to achieve precise timing control of multiple loads in fields such as industrial automation and smart homes.

[0097] The working principle of a multi-channel timer circuit device and system provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0098] When the multi-channel timer circuit device and system are working, the clock is first synchronized through the signal input circuit and the target time of each load is set. The processor coordinates the reference clock circuit to use the superconducting quantum interference multivibrator to generate a reference pulse and combines it with an adaptive frequency divider for timing. At the same time, the thermistor and current detection circuit are used to compensate for the influence of temperature and noise. When the timing reaches the target time, the multi-channel signal output circuit generates a control signal through PWM, which is controlled by the processor to start and stop the load. During this period, the power supply and current detection circuit monitor the output current in real time, and dynamically adjust the overcurrent threshold based on the circuit aging degree and switching frequency. If the threshold is exceeded, the power supply is cut off. In addition, the backup battery switches the power supply during a power outage, the data storage circuit saves the target time, and the display circuit displays the time and current in real time. The switching device independently controls each output, and the fixing device ensures the stability of the equipment.

[0099] Other embodiments of the present invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

[0100] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exact construction described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-channel timer circuit device, characterized in that: include: Processor, using field programmable logic array, for executing timing logic control and intelligent processing of pulse signals; A signal input circuit, connected to the processor, is used to synchronize the clock, set the target time of each load of the multi-channel timer, and transmit the target time to the processor; wherein the target time includes the start time and / or the close time; The reference clock circuit is connected to the processor and is used to count the timing time of each load. Specifically, a superconducting quantum interference multivibrator is used to generate a reference pulse, and the timing time T is obtained through an adaptive frequency divider. The specific steps are as follows: The pulse counting module of the multi-channel timer performs real-time statistics on the pulse signal generated by the reference clock circuit: Through the counting logic unit integrated in the field programmable logic array, the reference pulse output by the superconducting quantum interference multivibrator is captured cycle by cycle, and the total pulse sequence {N1, N2, ..., N n }, where N i is the pulse count corresponding to the i-th load, where i represents the number of loads; Set the reference frequency f0 of the reference clock circuit; The adaptive frequency division coefficient K is obtained based on the working status, load demand and resource allocation of the multi-channel timer. i ; The temperature offset ΔT is obtained by using a thermistor to detect the difference between the current ambient temperature and the standard measurement temperature. Based on the relevant current detection circuit, the noise current in the multi-channel timer working environment is monitored and collected in real time to obtain the environmental noise current I noise ; Based on the above parameters, the reference clock circuit calculates the total timing time T using the following formula: Where n represents the total number of load paths, α and β represent the temperature compensation coefficient and noise correction coefficient respectively; The multi-channel signal output circuit is connected to the processor and is used to generate a control signal through pulse width modulation when the timing reaches the target time T of each load, and send the control signal to the processor so that the processor can control the opening or closing of each load according to the control signal; The power supply and current detection circuit is connected to the processor and is used to supply power to the multi-channel timer through the power supply and to detect the output current of the multi-channel signal output circuit and transmit the output current to the processor; the processor is also used to determine whether the output current is greater than the output current threshold, and if so, cut off the power supply.

2. A multi-channel timer circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the timing reaches the target time T for each load, a control signal is generated through pulse width modulation, as follows: When the timing reaches the load opening condition, the processor sends an opening instruction to the multi-channel signal output circuit and records the opening time of the opening instruction as t start With closing time t end , then the duration of the process from opening to closing is recorded as the conduction time t on =t end，开启 -t start，开启 , the interval from the current closing time to the next opening time is recorded as the deadline t off =t start，下一次开启 -t end，本次开启 ,Timestamp recording and difference calculation are realized through the timing module and control logic of the processor; The Hall effect sensor is placed close to the load power supply circuit. The change in the magnetic field it senses is proportional to the load current. The voltage signal output by the sensor is filtered, amplified, and converted into analog-to-digital data before being transmitted to the analog signal acquisition module of the processor to convert it into the real-time load current I load , calculation formula I load =k×V ADC , where V ADC is the voltage signal value after analog-to-digital conversion of the voltage signal output by the sensor, and k is the conversion coefficient of the sensor and signal conditioning circuit, which can be determined through calibration experiments; The processor calculates the average load current I by performing a sliding window average on the real-time load current. avg , specifically: set the time window T win , real-time acquisition of I load Accumulate, that is N1 is the number of current data points collected in the window, I load,j The real-time load current collected for the jth time is updated through the arithmetic operation unit and data cache module of the processor; Set the rated maximum current I according to the rated parameters of the load driven by the multi-channel timer max ; The PWM duty cycle D is calculated by calculating the on-time, off-time, real-time load current, average load current and rated maximum current. The formula is: Where γ represents the load fluctuation coefficient.

3. A multi-channel timer circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processor is also used to determine whether the output current is greater than the dynamic overcurrent threshold. The specific process is as follows: The Hall effect sensors are connected in series or parallel to the power supply circuit of the multi-channel signal output circuit to convert the load current into a voltage / magnetic field signal. After signal filtering, amplification, and analog-to-digital conversion, the signal is transmitted to the analog signal processing module of the processor to convert the detection current I detected , the calculation formula is Set the current reference threshold I of the load driven by the multi-channel timer threshold ; Get the processor to record the power-on working time T of the power supply and current detection circuit in real time work , set the rated time T of the circuit rated , the circuit aging index LH is obtained by calculating the ratio of the power-on working time to the rated time; By changing from low frequency to high frequency according to the set frequency, the overcurrent critical value of the monitoring circuit at different frequencies changes, and the coefficient that can reflect the influence of switching frequency on the overcurrent threshold is obtained through data fitting, which is recorded as switching frequency coefficient ε = 1kHz -1 / 2 , the coefficient is stored in the frequency compensation configuration area of ​​the processor; The processor captures the rising / falling edge of the PWM signal to obtain the set statistical unit time N pules The number of pulses in T sample , calculate the real-time switching frequency f switch , the formula is Real-time monitoring is achieved through timer interrupt and counting logic; The detection current, current reference threshold, circuit aging index, switching frequency coefficient, and real-time switching frequency are used to determine overcurrent and perform power cut-off operation using the following formula: Where δ represents the working time coefficient, Represents the dynamic overcurrent threshold, δ×LH is used to compensate for the aging attenuation of the circuit due to the accumulated working time. Used to compensate for the impact of switching frequency changes on circuit current characteristics; When the real-time detection current I detected When the current is greater than the dynamic overcurrent threshold, the processor determines that there is an overcurrent risk in the circuit and executes a power-off operation; the power-off operation includes immediately triggering the power-off logic of the low-power sleep wake-up circuit, and by controlling the switching device, cutting off the power supply of the multi-channel timer to protect the safety of the circuit and the load; wherein the switching device includes at least one of a power management chip or a relay.

4. A multi-channel timer circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes a data storage circuit connected to the processor, wherein the data storage circuit is used to use a magnetoresistive random access memory to store the target time of each load transmitted from the processor.

5. A multi-channel timer circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes a display circuit connected to the processor, and the display circuit is used to display the current time and current of the multi-channel timer under the control of the processor.

6. A multi-channel timer circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes multiple switching devices connected to the processor, and the multiple switching devices are used to control the multiple output ends of the multiple signal output circuit through the processor to output control signals for controlling the opening or closing of each load.

7. A multi-channel timer circuit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a backup battery connected to the processor. When a power outage causes the power supply of the power supply and the current detection circuit to be unable to supply power to the multi-channel timer, the processor controls the backup battery to supply power to the multi-channel timer.

8. A multi-channel timer circuit device according to claim 7, characterized in that: When a power outage causes the power supply of the power supply and the current detection circuit to be unable to supply power to the multi-channel timer, the processor controls the backup battery to supply power to the multi-channel timer, which is specifically as follows: obtaining a power supply voltage of a power supply and current detection circuit, and performing a backup battery switching operation when the power supply voltage is less than a preset rated voltage or when a power cut-off operation is performed; The backup battery switching operation specifically uses a processor to control the backup battery to supply power through a low-power switching circuit. The switching formula is: Where V backup Indicates the actual output voltage when the backup battery supplies power to the multi-channel timer, t discharge / t rated Expressed as the ratio of discharge time to rated time, V battery Indicates the current voltage of the backup battery.

9. A multi-channel timer system, characterized in that: It comprises the multi-channel timer circuit device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and a fixing device; the fixing device is used to fix the multi-channel timer circuit device at a specified position.

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