Method for rapidly treating wetland edge water and soil loss by using sonchus brachyotus

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for quickly treating wetland edge water and soil loss by using sonchus brachyotus, which comprises the following steps: 1) performing field exploration, and determining the bare soil area and gradient of a to-be-treated region; 2) summarizing and analyzing data, and dividing and grading a target governance area; 3) planting sonchus brachyotus: planting sonchus brachyotus in the target treatment area according to the determined area gradient, bare soil area and grading of the target treatment area; and 4) continuous monitoring and timely reseeding are carried out, so that the continuity of the number of sonchus brachyotus plants in the target treatment area is ensured. According to the method disclosed by the invention, by utilizing the characteristics that root systems of the sonchus brachyotus can fix soil, reduce erosion, absorb and accumulate soil nutrients and improve soil quality, the sonchus brachyotus is reasonably and densely planted at the edge of the wetland, so that the rapid effect of treating water and soil loss of the wetland is realized; the method has the advantages of low cost, good effect, simplicity and convenience in operation and the like, and is suitable for rapid treatment and recovery of water and soil loss caused by early damage of a wetland ecosystem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly controlling soil and water loss at the edge of a wetland by utilizing Sonchus endive. Background Art

[0002] Wetland ecosystems play an important role in maintaining ecological balance and providing ecological services. However, due to natural and human factors, especially sudden rainstorms and the implementation of artificial wetland restoration, wetlands often suffer from bank collapse and soil erosion, leading to the degradation of wetland functions. Soil erosion in wetlands is a serious problem facing wetlands, affecting their ecological functions and sustainable development. Traditional control measures are usually time-consuming and costly. Therefore, it is particularly important to find a fast, cost-effective and effective control method. Sonchus arvensis L., as a plant with strong stress resistance and rapid growth, has potential soil and water conservation capabilities. The present invention aims to utilize the characteristics of Sonchus arvensis to develop a method for quickly controlling soil erosion in wetlands. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for quickly controlling soil erosion at the edge of a wetland by using Sonchus endive, so as to quickly, economically and effectively control soil erosion at the edge of a wetland.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0005] A method for rapidly controlling soil erosion at the edge of a wetland using Sonchus endive comprises the following steps: Step S1: Conduct field surveys in the wetland area to be treated to determine the bare soil area and slope in different areas of the wetland; Step S2: based on the bare soil area and slope of different areas of the wetland to be treated, the areas where soil and water loss control measures should be taken are divided as target treatment areas, and the target treatment areas are graded; Step S3, planting Sonchus oleraceus: planting Sonchus oleraceus in the target treatment area by direct seeding or seedling transplanting according to the slopes of different areas in the wetland determined in step S1 and the classification of the target treatment area in step S2; Step S4: Continuously monitor and replant in time to ensure the sustainability of the number of Sonchus endive plants in the target treatment area.

[0006] Specifically, the target treatment areas are graded in step S2, and the grading standards are as follows: Level 1 target treatment area: slope is less than 20° and bare soil area accounts for less than 50%; Secondary target governance areas: ① The slope is less than 20° and the bare soil area accounts for 50% to 70%; ② The slope is between 20° and 45° and the bare soil area accounts for less than 50%; Three-level target governance area: ① The slope is less than 20° and the bare soil area accounts for more than 70%; ② The slope is greater than 20° and the bare soil area accounts for more than 50%.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the target control area classification is based on the ability of using Sonchus endive to quickly control soil erosion at the edge of wetlands. That is to say, the technical solution provided in this application is mainly suitable for soil erosion control at the edge of wetlands with soil types such as southern red soil and clay soil. The control effect in areas with sandy soil or high gravel content will be difficult to achieve the expected effect.

[0008] Specifically, in step S1, the bare soil area and slope of different regions in the wetland are determined, and the slope is divided into three levels: less than 20°, between 20° and 45°, and greater than 45°.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the division of slope and bare soil area is based on the effect of planting Sonchus oleraceus on soil and water loss control at the edge of wetlands with different slopes and bare soil areas. The specific numerical values given in the technical solution of this application are node data when the soil and water loss control effect shows obvious differences with the changes in slope and bare soil area. Within the corresponding node interval, the difference in the soil and water loss control effect of the wetland is within 3% with the changes in slope and bare soil area.

[0010] Specifically, the process of planting Sonchus endive in step S3 is as follows: Step S31, determining a planting method of Sonchus endive according to the classification of the target treatment area and the bare soil area of the area; Level 3 target management area: seedling raising and transplanting; Secondary target treatment areas, where the bare soil area accounts for more than 50%: seedling raising and transplanting; Secondary target treatment areas, where the bare soil area accounts for less than 50%: direct seeding or seedling transplanting; First-level target control areas, where the bare soil area accounts for less than 50%: direct seeding; Step S32: Planting Sonchus oleraceus at a planting depth of 4-8 cm according to the planting method determined in step S31 and the slope of the target treatment area by selecting corresponding planting row spacing and plant spacing; The corresponding relationship between the slope and the row spacing and plant spacing of Sonchus endive is as follows: When the slope of the target treatment area is greater than 45°, the row spacing is 15-20 cm and the plant spacing is 15 cm; The slope of the target treatment area is between 20 and 45 degrees, the row spacing is 20 to 25 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm; When the slope of the target treatment area is less than 20°, the row spacing is 25~30cm and the plant spacing is 30cm.

[0011] When the Sonchus oleraceus planting method is to raise seedlings and transplant, the row spacing of the row is the upper limit of the row spacing.

[0012] In the above technical scheme, since the planting cost of seedling transplanting is higher than that of direct seeding, but relatively speaking, the survival rate and growth of seedling transplanted plants are better than those of direct seeding, it is preferred to plant Sonchus oleraceus by seedling transplanting in areas prone to soil erosion with large slopes, low bare soil areas and high annual soil erosion areas, so as to achieve rapid control of soil erosion in the area; and in areas with small slopes, high bare soil areas and low annual soil erosion areas, direct seeding is used to plant Sonchus oleraceus, so as to save control costs as much as possible while ensuring the control effect, thereby achieving rapid and economical control of soil erosion at the edge of wetlands.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The method of the present invention utilizes the characteristics of Sonchus oleraceus that its root system can fix soil and reduce erosion, and can absorb and accumulate nutrients during its growth process to improve soil quality. By reasonably and densely planting Sonchus oleraceus at the edge of the wetland, rapid results in wetland soil and water loss control are achieved.

[0014] 2. The method of the present invention has the advantages of low cost, good effect, and simple operation. It is suitable for the rapid control and restoration of wetland ecosystems when they are damaged in the early stage and cause soil erosion.

[0015] 3. The method of the present invention can also be combined with existing soil and water loss control technologies, such as artificial wetlands, ecological ditches, etc., and Sonchus endive can be used as a natural vegetation cover to enhance the effectiveness of these projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for rapidly controlling soil erosion at the edge of a wetland by utilizing Sonchus endive. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present invention, each step of the method proposed in the present invention is described in detail below. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the claims appended hereto.

[0018] Example like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for quickly controlling soil erosion at the edge of a wetland using Sonchus endive, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Conduct field surveys in the wetland area to be treated to determine the bare soil area and slope in different areas of the wetland; Step S2: based on the bare soil area and slope of different areas of the wetland to be treated, the areas where soil and water loss control measures should be taken are divided as target treatment areas, and the target treatment areas are graded; Step S3, planting Sonchus oleraceus: planting Sonchus oleraceus in the target treatment area by direct seeding or seedling transplanting according to the slopes of different areas in the wetland determined in step S1 and the classification of the target treatment area in step S2; Step S4: Continuously monitor and replant in time to ensure the sustainability of the number of Sonchus endive plants in the target treatment area.

[0019] Specifically, the target treatment areas are graded in step S2, and the grading standards are as follows: Level 1 target treatment area: slope is less than 20° and bare soil area accounts for less than 50%; Secondary target governance areas: ① The slope is less than 20° and the bare soil area accounts for 50% to 70%; ② The slope is between 20° and 45° and the bare soil area accounts for less than 50%; Three-level target governance area: ① The slope is less than 20° and the bare soil area accounts for more than 70%; ② The slope is greater than 20° and the bare soil area accounts for more than 50%.

[0020] In this embodiment, the target control area classification is based on the ability of Sonchus endive to quickly control soil erosion at the edge of the wetland. That is to say, the technical solution provided in this application is mainly suitable for soil erosion control at the edge of the wetland where the soil types are southern red soil, clay soil, etc. The control effect in areas with sandy soil or high gravel content will be difficult to achieve the expected effect.

[0021] Specifically, in step S1, the slope and bare soil area of the target treatment area are determined, and the slope is divided into three levels: less than 20°, between 20° and 45°, and greater than 45°.

[0022] In this embodiment, the division of slope and bare soil area is based on the effect of planting Sonchus endive on soil erosion control at the edge of wetlands with different slopes and bare soil areas. The specific numerical values given are node data when the soil erosion control effect shows obvious differences as the slope and bare soil area change. Within the corresponding node interval, the difference in the soil erosion control effect of the wetland is within 3% as the slope and bare soil area change.

[0023] Specifically, the process of planting Sonchus endive in step S3 is as follows: Step S31, determining a planting method of Sonchus endive according to the classification of the target treatment area and the bare soil area of the area; Level 3 target management area: seedling raising and transplanting; Secondary target treatment areas, where the bare soil area accounts for more than 50%: seedling raising and transplanting; Secondary target treatment areas, where the bare soil area accounts for less than 50%: direct seeding or seedling transplanting; First-level target control areas, where the bare soil area accounts for less than 50%: direct seeding; Step S32: Planting Sonchus oleraceus at a planting depth of 4-8 cm according to the planting method determined in step S31 and the slope of the target treatment area by selecting corresponding planting row spacing and plant spacing; The corresponding relationship between the slope and the row spacing and plant spacing of Sonchus endive is as follows: When the slope of the target treatment area is greater than 45°, the row spacing is 15-20 cm and the plant spacing is 15 cm; The slope of the target treatment area is between 20 and 45 degrees, the row spacing is 20 to 25 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm; When the slope of the target treatment area is less than 20°, the row spacing is 25~30cm and the plant spacing is 30cm.

[0024] Taking into account the differences in cost, survival rate and growth between the two planting methods, when the Sonchus oleraceus planting method is seedling transplanting, the row spacing of the row sowing should be as close to the upper limit of the row spacing as possible to reduce the management cost; when the Sonchus oleraceus planting method is direct seeding, the row spacing of the row sowing should be as close to the lower limit of the row spacing as possible, and 2 to 3 plants can be sown at the same location at the same time to reduce the impact of differences in survival rate and growth.

[0025] In this embodiment, since the planting cost of seedling transplanting is higher than that of direct seeding, but relatively speaking, the survival rate and growth of seedling transplanted plants are better than those of direct seeding, it is preferred to plant Sonchus oleraceus by seedling transplanting in areas prone to soil erosion with large slopes, low bare soil areas and high annual soil erosion areas, so as to achieve rapid control of soil erosion in the area; and in areas with small slopes, high bare soil areas and low annual soil erosion areas, direct seeding is used to plant Sonchus oleraceus, so as to save control costs as much as possible while ensuring the control effect, thereby achieving rapid and economical control of soil erosion at the edge of wetlands.

[0026] The effectiveness of the method for rapidly controlling soil erosion at the edge of a wetland using Sonchus endive provided by the present invention is demonstrated below through a specific example.

[0027] In the areas where Sonchus endive was treated, the effectiveness of soil and water loss control was tested using three indicators: bare soil area (unit: %), turbidity of downstream water samples after rainfall (unit: JTU), and sediment content (unit: g / L).

[0028] Three wetland edges with different slopes and soil erosion conditions were selected, and Sonchus endive was planted according to the method of the present invention. The soil erosion control effect was verified based on the above three indicators: (1) Table 1 below shows the soil and water loss control effect of target control area A, where the slope is greater than 45° and Sonchus oleraceus is planted by seedling transplanting with a row spacing of 20 cm and a plant spacing of 15 cm.

[0029] Table 1. Effects of soil and water loss control in target control area A .

[0030] (2) Table 2 below shows the soil and water loss control effect of target control area B, where the slope is between 20° and 45°, and Sonchus oleraceus is planted by seedling transplanting with a row spacing of 25 cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm.

[0031] Table 2. Soil and water loss control effects in target control area B .

[0032] (3) Table 3 below shows the soil and water loss control effect of Sonchus oleraceus by direct seeding with a row spacing of 25 cm and a plant spacing of 30 cm when the slope of target control area C is less than 20°.

[0033] Table 3. Soil and water loss control effects in target control area C .

[0034] As can be seen from Tables 1 to 3 above, by planting Sonchus oleraceus at the edge of a wetland with soil erosion according to the method of the present invention, the soil erosion in the target control area can be effectively controlled within 6 months, indicating that the method of the present invention can quickly achieve the control of soil erosion in wetlands.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other manner. Any person skilled in the art may utilize the above-disclosed technical content to modify or modify the present invention into equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and modifications to the above embodiments that do not depart from the technical content of the present invention and are based on the technical essence of the present invention remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly controlling soil erosion at the edge of a wetland using Sonchus endive, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Conduct field surveys in the wetland area to be treated to determine the bare soil area and slope in different areas of the wetland; Step S2: based on the bare soil area and slope of different areas of the wetland to be treated, the areas where soil and water loss control measures should be taken are divided as target treatment areas, and the target treatment areas are graded; Step S3, planting Sonchus oleraceus: planting Sonchus oleraceus in the target treatment area by direct seeding or seedling transplanting according to the slopes of different areas in the wetland determined in step S1 and the classification of the target treatment area in step S2; Step S4: Continuously monitor and replant in time to ensure the sustainability of the number of Sonchus endive plants in the target treatment area.

2. The method for rapidly controlling soil erosion at the edge of a wetland by utilizing Sonchus endive according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the target treatment area is graded according to the following grading criteria: Level 1 target treatment area: slope is less than 20° and bare soil area accounts for less than 50%; Secondary target governance areas: ① The slope is less than 20° and the bare soil area accounts for 50% to 70%; ② The slope is between 20° and 45° and the bare soil area accounts for less than 50%; Three-level target governance area: ① The slope is less than 20° and the bare soil area accounts for more than 70%; ② The slope is greater than 20° and the bare soil area accounts for more than 50%.

3. The method for rapidly controlling soil erosion at the edge of a wetland by utilizing Sonchus endive according to claim 1, wherein: In step S1, the bare soil area and slope of different areas in the wetland are determined, and the slope is divided into three levels: less than 20°, between 20° and 45°, and greater than 45°.

4. The method for rapidly controlling soil erosion at the edge of a wetland by utilizing Sonchus endive according to claim 1, wherein: The process of planting Sonchus endive in step S3 is as follows: Step S31, determining a planting method of Sonchus endive according to the classification of the target treatment area and the bare soil area of the area; Step S32: According to the planting method determined in step S31 and based on the slope of the target treatment area, the Sonchus oleraceus is planted with corresponding row spacing and plant spacing, and the planting depth of the Sonchus oleraceus is 4-8 cm.

5. The method for rapidly controlling soil erosion at the edge of a wetland by utilizing Sonchus endive according to claim 4, wherein: The planting method of Sonchus endive in step S31 is selected according to the classification of the target treatment area and the bare soil area of the area: Level 3 target management area: seedling raising and transplanting; Secondary target treatment areas, where the bare soil area accounts for more than 50%: seedling raising and transplanting; Secondary target treatment areas, where the bare soil area accounts for less than 50%: direct seeding or seedling transplanting; First-level target control area, bare soil area accounts for less than 50%: direct seeding.

6. The method for rapidly controlling soil erosion at the edge of a wetland by utilizing Sonchus endive according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S32, the corresponding row spacing and plant spacing are selected to plant Sonchus oleraceus according to the slope of the target treatment area. The corresponding relationship between the slope and the row spacing and plant spacing of Sonchus oleraceus is as follows: When the slope of the target treatment area is greater than 45°, the row spacing is 15-20 cm and the plant spacing is 15 cm; The slope of the target treatment area is between 20 and 45 degrees, the row spacing is 20 to 25 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm; When the slope of the target treatment area is less than 20°, the row spacing is 25~30cm and the plant spacing is 30cm.

7. The method for rapidly controlling soil erosion at the edge of a wetland by using Sonchus endive according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the Sonchus oleraceus planting method is to raise seedlings and transplant, the row spacing of the row is the upper limit of the row spacing.

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