Cultivation method for improving yield of astragalus membranaceus

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for increasing the yield of melilotus-shaped astragalus membranaceus, belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and solves the problem that in the prior art, the yield of melilotus-shaped astragalus membranaceus is low. According to the technical scheme, first planting belts and second planting belts which are alternately arranged are arranged on a target field parcel, the first planting belts are melilotus-shaped astragalus membranaceus belts, and the second planting belts are melilotus-shaped astragalus membranaceus belts; the second planting belt is an artemisia rupestris belt, and the belt width proportion is (1.5-2.5): 1; astragalus mongholicus seeds are sown or seedlings of the astragalus mongholicus are transplanted on the first planting belt, and meanwhile artemisia selengensis seeds are sown or artemisia selengensis seedlings are transplanted on the second planting belt. The artemisia selengensis on the second planting belt is reserved as a non-harvesting area, and the growth state of the artemisia selengensis is maintained until the sweet clover-shaped astragalus plants seal ridges, that is, the plant population height reaches 35-45 cm, and the canopy coverage degree is larger than or equal to 70%; the method is mainly used for increasing the yield of Astragalus mongholicus in farmland planting, and is suitable for large-scale agricultural production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus. Background Art

[0002] In Astragalus mellitus ( Astragalusmelilotoides In large-scale farmland cultivation of Astragalus mellitus (Pall.), yields per unit area often fall short of ideal levels, hindering the effective development and utilization of this medicinal and forage plant resource. The primary factor contributing to this low yield lies in its early growth phase. Astragalus mellitus has a relatively long seedling stage, with slow plant growth, making it difficult to quickly establish effective colony cover for a considerable period after planting. This slow early growth period leaves the field surface exposed for extended periods during the critical early growing season. This exposed surface environment, on the one hand, provides favorable conditions for the growth of weeds, which compete with the target crop for key resources such as light, water, and nutrients, significantly inhibiting the growth of Astragalus mellitus seedlings. On the other hand, the lack of effective surface cover exacerbates ineffective evaporation of soil moisture, particularly in arid or semi-arid regions. This reduces soil moisture retention, further exacerbating the negative impact of water stress on seedling growth. Furthermore, the seedlings are short and relatively slender, making them less resilient to wind erosion and minor mechanical damage. While relatively simple to manage, traditional single-crop cultivation of Astragalus mellitus (Melilotus) struggles to effectively overcome the negative impacts of its weak early growth. Attempts to improve the field microenvironment, suppress weeds, or conserve soil and water through intercropping or interplanting with other plants also face challenges. The selection of companion plants is crucial; they must avoid excessive resource competition with the target crop and possess strong adaptability and require relatively low-maintenance management. The main challenge in practical production is how to scientifically select companion plant species and determine an appropriate spatial layout (such as bandwidth ratio) to ensure they not only serve as an ecological barrier in the early stages (suppressing weeds, reducing evaporation, and providing windbreak and soil consolidation) but also avoid excessive shading or competition during the later stages of the target crop's growth, ultimately contributing to enhanced biomass accumulation of the target crop—Astragalus mellitus. Previous research and practice have yet to provide sufficiently optimized solutions for intercropping patterns that effectively promote the growth of the target crop while streamlining field management. Therefore, there is a practical need to explore a cultivation method that can specifically overcome the early growth weakness of Astragalus mellitus, optimize the field ecological configuration, and thus effectively increase its final yield. Summary of the Invention

[0003] An object of embodiments of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and / or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages to be described hereinafter.

[0004] Another object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus mellitus.

[0005] The invention solves the problem in the existing cultivation of Astragalus mellitus, that is, the slow early growth and long surface exposure period lead to fierce competition from weeds, serious loss of water and soil evaporation, and susceptibility of seedlings to environmental stress, which in turn limits the effective improvement of the final yield.

[0006] The purpose is to solve the problem of how to optimize the seed treatment or seedling transplanting method of Astragalus mellitus to improve its germination rate after sowing, transplanting survival rate and early growth robustness.

[0007] The goal is to solve the problem of how to further enhance seed vitality, promote uniform germination and seedling resistance through specific seed coating formulas and treatment processes, and lay the foundation for high yields.

[0008] The goal is to solve the problem of how to accurately provide water and nutrients in the early stages of Astragalus mellitus planting, especially to promote early root development, reduce irrigation water waste and improve nutrient utilization efficiency.

[0009] The goal is to solve the problem of how to manage the accompanying Artemisia ordosica belt after the ridges are closed with Astragalus mellitus to avoid its excessive growth and shading of Astragalus mellitus, and to effectively utilize the pruning resources to continuously improve the field microenvironment.

[0010] The goal is to solve the problem of how to efficiently and targetedly deliver specific beneficial microorganisms to the deep soil of the root system during the critical fertilizer-requiring period of Astragalus mellitus (early flowering period) to activate soil nutrients (especially phosphorus) and promote root absorption capacity.

[0011] The problem is how to use the original Artemisia ordosica belt to quickly build an ecological protection belt after the harvest of Astragalus mellitus, realize the combination of land use and land conservation, and provide an ecological barrier for subsequent crop rotation or production.

[0012] Solve the problem of how to effectively rotate crops after long-term planting, prevent soil continuous cropping obstacles, and effectively separate new and old root systems through physical isolation and adjustment of planting belt positions.

[0013] The goal is to solve the problem of how to efficiently convert Artemisia ordosica prunings and Astragalus residues into high-value-added biofertilizers, achieve resource recycling and improve soil.

[0014] The goal is to solve the problem of how to objectively and standardizedly quantify whether the Astragalus mellitus plants have reached the ridge-closing state (canopy coverage ≥ 70%).

[0015] In order to solve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the goal: A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus comprises the following steps: 1) Alternating first and second planting strips are set up on the target plot, wherein the first planting strip is a sweet clover strip and the second planting strip is an artemisia ordosica strip, and the width ratio of the astragalus strip to the artemisia ordosica strip is 1.5-2.5:1; 2) Sowing Astragalus membranaceus seeds or transplanting its seedlings in the first planting zone; simultaneously sowing Artemisia ordosica seeds or transplanting Artemisia ordosica seedlings in the second planting zone; 3) The Artemisia ordosica in the second planting belt shall be retained as a non-harvested area, and its growth state shall be maintained until the Astragalus mellitus plants are covered with ridges. Maintaining its growth state until the Astragalus mellitus plants are covered with ridges means: maintaining the growth state of the Artemisia ordosica in the second planting belt until the height of the Astragalus mellitus plant group reaches 35-45 cm and the canopy coverage is ≥70%. When both conditions are met at the same time, it is regarded as the plants are covered with ridges.

[0016] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus mellitus, the method of sowing Astragalus mellitus seeds or transplanting its seedlings on the Astragalus belt comprises: The Astragalus melilotifolia seeds are placed in a 4°C environment for 12-36 hours, and then transferred to a 13-17°C seed soaking environment for 12 hours, and the cycle is repeated 3-4 times. After the last cycle, the Astragalus melilotifolia seeds are coated; Directly sow the coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds into the first planting zone, cover the seedbed with a black sunshade net after sowing, and keep the sunshade net covered until the seedlings emerge from the soil and grow to the one-leaf and one-heart stage; If seedling transplanting is adopted, first sow the coated Astragalus mellonella seeds into the transplanting pot, and when the seedlings grow to the one-leaf and one-heart stage, transplant them to the first planting belt, wherein the transplanting pot is filled with a cultivation matrix, which is composed of peat: perlite: vermiculite in a volume ratio of 4:3:3. One Astragalus mellonella seed is sown in each transplanting pot, and a biodegradable film tube is provided between the cultivation matrix and the transplanting pot. When transplanting is required, the transplanting pot is removed, and the cultivation matrix in the biodegradable film tube and the seedling are transplanted together into the planting hole of the first planting belt.

[0017] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus mellitus, coating the Astragalus mellitus seeds comprises the following steps: Chitosan was dissolved in a 0.5% mass volume concentration citric acid solution, and after adding gibberellin, ultrasonic dispersion was carried out at 50kHz for 20 minutes. Nano-montmorillonite flakes with a particle size of 50-100nm were added to the solution at an amount of 15-20% of the mass of chitosan. The pH of the system was adjusted to 5.8±0.2 to form a composite coating solution, in which the mass volume ratio of chitosan was 0.15% and the concentration of gibberellin was 60ppm. The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were placed in a fluidized bed device, and the composite coating solution was sprayed until the seeds gained 3.0±0.5% weight. After hot air drying, the seeds were solidified. Then, the coated seeds were irradiated with red light of wavelength 660nm for 24 hours with a light intensity of 20μmol·m -2 ·s -1 .

[0018] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus mellitus, an irrigation belt is laid 20 cm below the first planting belt, with a drip hole spacing of 30 cm, and a potassium humate solution with a concentration of 5 g / L is injected simultaneously with the first irrigation at a flow rate of 0.6 L / (h·m).

[0019] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus mellitus, after the Astragalus mellitus plants reach the closed ridge state, the Artemisia ordosica on the second planting belt is pruned and managed, specifically as follows: Prune the above-ground part of the Artemisia ordosica plant at a height of 30-50 cm from the ground; And in the subsequent growth period of Melilotus astragalus, when the height of new shoots of Artemisia ordosica plants exceeds 20% of the average height of Astragalus plants in adjacent belts, the pruning operation is repeated until the Melilotus astragalus is harvested; Within 24 hours after each pruning of Artemisia ordosica, the pruned Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves and the residues of Astragalus mellitus plants were collected and evenly spread on the surface between the first planting zone and the second planting zone, with a laying thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0020] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus mellitus, the following steps are performed in the first planting zone during the initial flowering period of Astragalus mellitus: a) Dig vertical fertilizer trenches 40-50 cm deep along the rows of Astragalus mellitus. b) Inject phosphate-solubilizing bacteria into the fertilization trench Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus intraradices The composite microbial liquid is injected at a rate of 120-190 ml per meter of trench length, wherein the effective viable bacteria count in the composite microbial liquid is ≥5×10 8 CFU / mL, the bacterial solution carrier is a humic acid solution with a mass volume concentration of 1.5-2.0%; c) Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0021] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus mellitus, after the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, the plants in the Artemisia ordosica belt are retained and converted into an ecological protection belt, and the Artemisia ordosica is heavily pruned to adjust the height of the retained trunk to 60-80 cm.

[0022] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus mellitus, in the second year after the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, crop rotation is performed according to the following steps: Dig a root-breaking trench with a depth of 60-80 cm and a width of 20-30 cm along the junction of the second planting belt and the first planting belt; Fill the root-breaking trench with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2 to form a physical isolation layer; Move the new planting zone horizontally 10-15 cm along the original direction and sow Astragalus mellitus seeds or transplant its seedlings.

[0023] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus mellitus, during the pruning operation of Artemisia ordosica, the pruned branches and leaves of Artemisia ordosica are also processed by the following steps: Twigs with a diameter of ≤0.5cm were cut into 2-3cm segments, and branches with a diameter of >0.5cm were crushed into 20-30 mesh; The graded material was mixed with the residue of Astragalus mellitus in a dry weight ratio of 1:2, and a composite enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1 and Lactobacillus plantarum were added. Lactobacillus plantarum , according to enzyme activity unit: bacterial count = 100U:10 8 The CFU were mixed in a certain proportion and fermented. The fermentation was divided into three stages: 0-24 hours: temperature 45±0.5℃, pure oxygen, oxygen concentration 25±2%; 24-48 hours: temperature 37±0.5℃, carbon dioxide was passed to form an anaerobic environment; 48-72 hours: temperature 42±0.5℃, air was passed, oxygen concentration 8±1%; The fermentation product is dried and used as a special biofertilizer for Astragalus mellitus in the following year.

[0024] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus mellitus, in step 3), the method for measuring the canopy coverage ≥70% is as follows: 5 representative sampling points are randomly selected within the target Astragalus mellitus belt, and a square sample frame with an area of 50 cm × 50 cm is placed at each sampling point, with the sample frame close to the ground; the proportion of the soil area covered by the vertical projection of the above-ground part of the Astragalus mellitus plant in the sample frame to the total area of the sample frame is recorded; and the average value of the proportions of the 5 sampling points is calculated. If the average value is ≥70%, the canopy coverage requirement is met.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial technical effects of the present invention are: The present invention can effectively utilize Artemisia ordosica as an ecological barrier through alternating strip planting patterns and ridge closure management, significantly inhibiting weed growth, reducing soil moisture evaporation, and lowering wind erosion risks during the Astragalus mellitus seedling stage, thereby creating a more favorable early growth environment for Astragalus mellitus. At the same time, through bandwidth ratio optimization and ridge closure standard control, it ensures that Artemisia ordosica will not excessively compete for resources in the later stage, thereby synergistically promoting the accumulation of Astragalus mellitus biomass and the increase in the final yield.

[0026] The present invention can significantly improve the germination uniformity and vitality of Astragalus mellitus seeds through seed treatment and transplanting methods, enhance the convenience of transplanting operations and the survival rate of seedlings. Its specific variable temperature seed soaking cycle and coating pre-treatment lay the foundation for subsequent robust growth, while the transplanting pot matrix configuration and the application of biodegradable film cylinders protect the seedling root system to the greatest extent, reduce transplanting damage, and ensure the robustness of the plant's early growth.

[0027] The present invention can give Astragalus mellitus seeds better germination ability and seedling stress resistance through the composite coating liquid formula and coating post-treatment process. The addition of nano-montmorillonite enhances the physical protection and sustained-release effect of the coating. The specific red light irradiation further activates the physiological activity of the seeds, comprehensively improves the seedling quality, and provides a high-quality starting point for the construction of high-yield populations.

[0028] The present invention can achieve accurate and efficient supply of water and potassium humate nutrients through the laying of infiltration irrigation belts and the first irrigation plan, directly acting on the root development area, significantly reducing surface evaporation losses, and improving water and fertilizer utilization rates. The early application of potassium humate more effectively promotes root development and improves soil structure, laying a solid root foundation for the vigorous growth of plants in the middle and late stages.

[0029] The present invention can continuously regulate the height of Artemisia ordosica after the ridges are sealed with Astragalus mellitus through pruning management and residue utilization, thereby preventing it from competing with Astragalus mellitus for light and space. At the same time, the pruning materials and residues are promptly converted into surface cover, which plays multiple roles such as conserving moisture, suppressing weeds, regulating ground temperature, and increasing the return of organic matter to the field, thereby forming a benign field ecological microcirculation.

[0030] The present invention uses a deep-ditch injection method of composite microbial liquid to accurately deliver highly active beneficial microbial groups to the deep root areas during the critical period of fertilizer demand of Astragalus mellitus. The synergistic effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi effectively activates nutrients such as insoluble phosphorus in the soil and enhances the absorption capacity of the root system. The humic acid carrier provides a good microecological environment and significantly promotes the nutrient supply of the plant during the flowering period.

[0031] The present invention can quickly transform the original Artemisia ordosica belt into an ecological protection belt through post-harvest management, effectively play the ecological functions of preventing wind and sand, and maintaining water and soil in the non-production season, providing continuous protection for farmland, and at the same time maintain its structural stability through moderate pruning, creating favorable field basic conditions for the next round of planting or crop rotation.

[0032] The present invention can effectively break the barriers to continuous cropping through the methods of crop rotation, root cutting and planting belt translation, and block the cross-transmission of new and old root systems and potential soil-borne diseases through physical isolation. Fine-tuning of the planting belt position helps to utilize soil areas that have not been fully consumed, realize the rotation and renewal of soil resources, and ensure the sustainability and long-term stable yield of Astragalus mellitus cultivation.

[0033] The present invention uses a fermentation conversion process of Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves and Astragalus residues to efficiently convert field waste into a special biofertilizer rich in active substances and beneficial microorganisms. The three-stage fermentation process of graded treatment and specific bacterial enzyme combination significantly improves the humification degree of organic matter and the nutrient effectiveness, realizing the recycling of resources and the continuous improvement of soil.

[0034] The present invention provides an objective, unified and repeatable standard to judge whether the Astragalus mellitus plant population has reached the closed-ridge state through a quantitative measurement method of canopy cover, avoiding the error of subjective judgment and ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the implementation of closed-ridge management measures (such as the initiation of Artemisia ordosica pruning), which is crucial to ensuring the standardized application of cultivation methods and the expected effects.

[0035] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the embodiments of the present invention will be reflected in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0038] The present invention provides a cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus, comprising the following steps: 1) Alternate first and second planting strips are established on the target field. The first planting strip is a strip of Astragalus melilotifolia, and the second planting strip is an Artemisia ordosica strip. The width ratio of the Astragalus melilotifolia strip to the Artemisia ordosica strip is 1.5-2.5:1. A drip irrigation tape is laid 20 cm below the first planting strip, with drip holes spaced 30 cm apart. During the initial irrigation, a 5 g / L potassium humate solution is injected simultaneously at a flow rate of 0.6 L / h·m. The width ratio of the Astragalus melilotifolia strip to the Artemisia ordosica strip can be 1.5:1, 2:1, or 2.5:1. The drip irrigation tape can be laid 20 cm below the ground surface. The drip hole spacing can be 30 cm. The concentration of the potassium humate solution injected during the initial irrigation can be 5 g / L. The flow rate of the solution injected during the initial irrigation can be 0.6 L / h·m. The drip irrigation tape can be a commercially available internal patch drip tape or a labyrinth drip tape. The potassium humate solution can be delivered using a standard fertilization tank or Venturi applicator. Flow control can be achieved using an adjustable irrigation valve or flow meter. Connecting pipes and fittings can be made of PVC or PE. Within the planned target plot, alternating primary planting strips (Astragalus membranaceus strips) and secondary planting strips (Artemisia ordosica strips) are established according to a selected belt width ratio (e.g., 2:1). The drip irrigation tape is laid directly below the primary planting strip (Astragalus membranaceus strips) at a depth of 20 cm and parallel to the planting strips. The drip holes in the drip irrigation tape are spaced 30 cm apart. When the irrigation system is activated, a pre-dissolved potassium humate solution (5 g / L) is injected into the irrigation water via the fertilization equipment, mixed thoroughly, and then delivered to the drip irrigation tape. The mixed solution seeps out of the drip holes at a rate of 0.6 L / (hour / meter) and directly impacts the soil within the root zone of the Astragalus membranaceus strips. The potassium humate solution is applied simultaneously with the first irrigation.

[0039] 2) Sowing Astragalus membranaceus seeds or transplanting its seedlings in the first planting zone; simultaneously sowing Artemisia ordosica seeds or transplanting Artemisia ordosica seedlings in the second planting zone; Preferably, the method of sowing Astragalus mellitus seeds or transplanting its seedlings on the Astragalus belt comprises: The Astragalus melilotifolia seeds are placed in a 4°C environment for 12-36 hours, and then transferred to a 13-17°C seed soaking environment for 12 hours, and the cycle is repeated 3-4 times. After the last cycle, the Astragalus melilotifolia seeds are coated; Directly sow the coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds into the first planting zone, cover the seedbed with a black sunshade net after sowing, and keep the sunshade net covered until the seedlings emerge from the soil and grow to the one-leaf and one-heart stage; If seedling transplanting is adopted, first sow the coated Astragalus mellonella seeds into the transplanting pot, and when the seedlings grow to the one-leaf and one-heart stage, transplant them to the first planting belt, wherein the transplanting pot is filled with a cultivation matrix, which is composed of peat: perlite: vermiculite in a volume ratio of 4:3:3. One Astragalus mellonella seed is sown in each transplanting pot, and a biodegradable film tube is provided between the cultivation matrix and the transplanting pot. When transplanting is required, the transplanting pot is removed, and the cultivation matrix in the biodegradable film tube and the seedling are transplanted together into the planting hole of the first planting belt.

[0040] Preferably, coating the Astragalus melilotus seeds comprises the following steps: Chitosan was dissolved in a 0.5% mass volume concentration citric acid solution, and after adding gibberellin, ultrasonic dispersion was carried out at 50kHz for 20 minutes. Nano-montmorillonite flakes with a particle size of 50-100nm were added to the solution at an amount of 15-20% of the mass of chitosan. The pH of the system was adjusted to 5.8±0.2 to form a composite coating solution, in which the mass volume ratio of chitosan was 0.15% and the concentration of gibberellin was 60ppm. The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were placed in a fluidized bed device, and the composite coating solution was sprayed until the seeds gained 3.0±0.5% weight. After hot air drying, the seeds were solidified. Then, the coated seeds were irradiated with red light of wavelength 660nm for 24 hours with a light intensity of 20μmol·m -2 ·s -1 The mass-to-volume ratio of chitosan in the citric acid solution can be selected to be 0.15%. The dosage of nano-montmorillonite flakes (as a percentage of chitosan mass) can be selected to be 15%, 17%, or 20%. The pH value of the composite coating solution can be adjusted to 5.6, 5.8, or 6.0. The seed weight gain after coating can be controlled at 2.5%, 3.0%, or 3.5%. Chitosan can be commercially available food-grade or industrial-grade chitosan powder with a deacetylation degree ≥85%. Citric acid can be commercially available food-grade or industrial-grade anhydrous citric acid. Gibberellic acid (GA3) can be a commercially available plant growth regulator technical. Nano-montmorillonite can be commercially available nano-montmorillonite powder. The fluidized bed equipment can be a laboratory or production-type small-scale fluidized bed coating machine. The spray system can use the peristaltic pump and spray gun that are equipped with the fluidized bed. The hot air drying system can use the hot air generator that comes with the fluidized bed. The curing process can be performed in a fluidized bed or transferred to a constant temperature and humidity chamber. LED grow lights can be used as the red light source, with tubes or panels emitting at a peak wavelength of 660 nanometers. Coated seeds can be stored in breathable mesh bags or plastic boxes.

[0041] First, dissolve chitosan in a 0.5% (w / v) aqueous solution of citric acid to prepare a 0.15% (w / v) chitosan solution. Add gibberellin to this solution to a final concentration of 60 ppm. Ultrasonic dispersion of the mixture is performed in a 50 kHz ultrasonic bath for 20 minutes. Next, add nano-montmorillonite flake powder at a selected ratio (e.g., 18% by weight of chitosan) and stir thoroughly. Adjust the pH of the mixture to the target value (e.g., 5.8) using a dilute alkali solution (e.g., sodium hydroxide solution) or a dilute acid solution. This mixture serves as the composite coating solution.

[0042] Place the recycled Astragalus membranaceus seeds into the hopper of a fluidized bed coating machine. Start the fluidized bed to maintain a stable fluidized state. Activate the spray system and evenly spray the prepared composite coating solution onto the tumbling surface of the fluidized seeds. Continue spraying until the seed weight gain reaches the target value (e.g., 3.0%). During or after spraying, introduce hot air at a set temperature (e.g., 40-50°C) for preliminary drying. After coating, the seeds can be cured for a period of time (e.g., 2-4 hours) within the fluidized bed or in a constant temperature and humidity chamber (e.g., 30°C, 60% humidity).

[0043] The cured coated seeds were evenly spread on a tray and placed under an LED light source emitting 660 nm red light. The light source height was adjusted so that the light intensity on the seed surface reached 20 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , continuous irradiation for 24 hours. After irradiation is completed, the seeds can be used for sowing or storage.

[0044] 3) The Artemisia ordosica in the second planting belt shall be retained as a non-harvested area and its growth state shall be maintained until the Astragalus melilotus plants close the ridges. Maintaining its growth state until the Astragalus melilotus plants close the ridges means: maintaining the growth state of the Artemisia ordosica in the second planting belt until the Astragalus melilotus plant population reaches a height of 35-45 cm and the canopy coverage is ≥70%. When both conditions are met, it is considered that the plants close the ridges. The canopy coverage ≥70% is measured as follows: 5 representative sampling points are randomly selected within the target Astragalus melilotus belt, and a square sample frame of an area of 50 cm × 50 cm is placed at each sampling point, with the sample frame close to the ground; the proportion of the soil area covered by the vertical projection of the above-ground part of the Astragalus melilotus plant in the sample frame to the total area of the sample frame is recorded; the average of the proportions of the 5 sampling points is calculated; and the canopy coverage requirement is met if the average is ≥70%.

[0045] Preferably, after the Astragalus melilotus plants reach the ridge-covering state, the Artemisia ordosica plants in the second planting zone are pruned and managed, specifically as follows: Prune the above-ground part of the Artemisia ordosica plant at a height of 30-50 cm from the ground; And in the subsequent growth period of Melilotus astragalus, when the height of new shoots of Artemisia ordosica plants exceeds 20% of the average height of Astragalus plants in adjacent belts, the pruning operation is repeated until the Melilotus astragalus is harvested; Within 24 hours of each topping pruning of Artemisia ordosica, collect the pruned branches and leaves of Artemisia ordosica and the residues of Astragalus membranaceus plants and spread them evenly on the surface between the first and second planting zones, with a thickness of 5 cm or less. The topping pruning height can be selected to be 30 cm, 40 cm, or 50 cm from the ground. The condition that triggers repeated pruning can be selected as follows: the height of new branches of Artemisia ordosica exceeds 20% of the average height of Astragalus plants in the adjacent Astragalus membranaceus zone. The thickness of the residue can be controlled at 3 cm, 4 cm, or 5 cm. Topping pruning can be performed using manual hedge shears, electric hedge shears, or a small gasoline-powered hedge trimmer. The height of new branches of Artemisia ordosica and the height of Astragalus membranaceus plants can be measured using a tape measure or height meter. The pruned branches and leaves and Astragalus membranaceus residue can be collected using a rake, broom, or small collection machine. The residue can be spread evenly by hand. When the Astragalus melilotifolia plant population has reached a height of 35-45 cm and a canopy cover of ≥70% (measured by the average value described above), the ridge is considered closed. At this point, use pruning tools (such as hedge shears) to horizontally cut off the above-ground parts of all Artemisia ordosica plants at a selected height (e.g., 40 cm) in the second planting strip (the Artemisia ordosica strip).

[0046] During the subsequent growth of Astragalus mellitus (e.g., during the stemming and flowering stages), regularly observe and measure the height of newly sprouted shoots from the Artemisia ordosica strips (e.g., every 2-3 weeks) and compare them to the average height of Astragalus mellitus plants in adjacent Astragalus mellitus strips. If the height of new Artemisia ordosica shoots exceeds 20% of the average Astragalus mellitus height (e.g., if the average Astragalus mellitus height is 50 cm and the new Artemisia ordosica shoots exceed 60 cm), use pruning tools to top the shoots again at the same or a similar height (e.g., 40 cm). This pruning process should be repeated until the Astragalus mellitus is harvested.

[0047] Within 24 hours of completing each Artemisia ordosica topping operation, collect all the removed Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves, along with any fallen leaves, diseased branches, and other debris from Astragalus membranaceus plants cleared from the field. Spread this material evenly on the exposed ground between the first planting zone (Astragalus membranaceus zone) and the second planting zone (Artemisia ordosica zone), maintaining a selected thickness (e.g., ≤5 cm).

[0048] Preferably, during the initial flowering period of Astragalus mellitus, the following steps are performed in the first planting zone: a) Dig vertical fertilizer trenches 40-50 cm deep along the rows of Astragalus mellitus. b) Inject phosphate-solubilizing bacteria into the fertilization trench Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus intraradices The composite microbial liquid is injected at a rate of 120-190 ml per meter of trench length, wherein the effective viable bacteria count in the composite microbial liquid is ≥5×10 8 CFU / mL, the bacterial solution carrier is a humic acid solution with a mass volume concentration of 1.5-2.0%; c) Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0049] Preferably, after the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, the Artemisia ordosica belt plants are retained and converted into an ecological protection belt, and the Artemisia ordosica is heavily pruned to adjust the height of the retained trunk to 60-80 cm.

[0050] Preferably, in the second year after the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, crop rotation is performed according to the following steps: Dig a root-breaking trench with a depth of 60-80 cm and a width of 20-30 cm along the junction of the second planting belt and the first planting belt; Fill the root-breaking trench with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2 to form a physical isolation layer; Move the new planting zone horizontally 10-15 cm along the original direction and sow Astragalus mellitus seeds or transplant its seedlings.

[0051] Preferably, during the Artemisia ordosica topping and pruning operation, the pruned Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves are also processed through the following steps: Twigs with a diameter of ≤0.5cm were cut into 2-3cm segments, and branches with a diameter of >0.5cm were crushed into 20-30 mesh; The graded material was mixed with the residue of Astragalus mellitus in a dry weight ratio of 1:2, and a composite enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1 and Lactobacillus plantarum were added. Lactobacillus plantarum , according to enzyme activity unit: bacterial count = 100U:10 8 The CFU were mixed in a certain proportion and fermented. The fermentation was divided into three stages: 0-24 hours: temperature 45±0.5℃, pure oxygen, oxygen concentration 25±2%; 24-48 hours: temperature 37±0.5℃, carbon dioxide was passed to form an anaerobic environment; 48-72 hours: temperature 42±0.5℃, air was passed, oxygen concentration 8±1%; The fermentation product is dried and used as a special biofertilizer for Astragalus mellitus in the following year.

[0052] The present invention optimizes the field spatial layout and water and fertilizer supply methods by precisely setting the bandwidth ratio and matching it with a high-efficiency infiltration irrigation system, which helps promote the root development and water and nutrient absorption of the target crop (Astragalus mellitus) while utilizing the ecological functions of the companion plant (Artemisia ordosica).

[0053] Treating astragalus seeds with a specifically formulated composite coating solution and red light irradiation can help improve the vitality and uniformity of the seeds and the stress resistance of the seedlings, laying a good foundation for later growth.

[0054] Implementing strict topping and pruning management of Artemisia ordosica combined with residue covering effectively regulates the growth of Artemisia ordosica, preventing it from causing excessive shading and nutrient competition for Astragalus membranaceus. At the same time, using pruning residues for on-site covering and returning to the field helps to improve the soil microenvironment between rows, suppress weeds, and gradually increase the soil organic matter content.

[0055] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following examples are provided for further explanation: Example 1 A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus, comprising the following steps: 1) In the target plots, alternating first planting strips (Astragalus membranaceus strips) and second planting strips (Artemisia ordosica strips) were established, with a strip width ratio of 2.5:1; 2) Direct seeding of Astragalus mellitus seeds (uncoated) in the first planting zone, and direct seeding of Artemisia ordosica seeds in the second planting zone; 3) Maintain the growth of Artemisia ordosica until the Astragalus melilotifolia population reaches a height of 45 cm and the canopy cover is ≥70%. The canopy cover ≥70% is measured as follows: randomly select five representative sampling points within the target Astragalus melilotifolia belt and place a 50 cm × 50 cm square frame at each sampling point, with the frame close to the ground. Record the proportion of the soil area within the frame covered by the vertical projection of the aboveground part of the Astragalus melilotifolia plant to the total area of the frame. Calculate the average of the proportions at the five sampling points; if this average is ≥70%, the canopy cover requirement is met.

[0056] Example 2 A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus, comprising the following steps: 1) In the target plots, alternating first planting strips (Astragalus membranaceus strips) and second planting strips (Artemisia ordosica strips) were established, with a strip width ratio of 2.5:1; 2) Direct seeding of Astragalus membranaceus seeds (coated) in the first planting zone, and direct seeding of Artemisia ordosica seeds in the second planting zone; Seed treatment: Astragalus seeds were treated with 4 cycles of 24 h at 4 °C and 12 h soaking at 15 °C → composite coating (chitosan 0.15% + gibberellin 60 ppm + nano-montmorillonite 20% chitosan mass, pH 5.8) → fluidized bed weight gain 3.0% → 660 nm red light (20 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) × 24h; Infiltration irrigation: lay an infiltration irrigation tape 20 cm below the astragalus tape (drip distance 30 cm), and inject 5 g / L potassium humate (0.6 L / (h·m)) for the first irrigation; Artemisia ordosica management: After ridge sealing, prune the Artemisia ordosica to a height of 40 cm. When new branches are 20% higher than the Astragalus root, prune again. Spread the pruning material and Astragalus root residue (thickness ≤ 5 cm) 3) Maintain the growth of Artemisia ordosica until the Astragalus melilotifolia population reaches a height of 45 cm and the canopy cover is ≥70%. The canopy cover ≥70% is measured as follows: randomly select five representative sampling points within the target Astragalus melilotifolia belt and place a 50 cm × 50 cm square frame at each sampling point, with the frame close to the ground. Record the proportion of the soil area within the frame covered by the vertical projection of the aboveground part of the Astragalus melilotifolia plant to the total area of the frame. Calculate the average of the proportions at the five sampling points; if this average is ≥70%, the canopy cover requirement is met.

[0057] Example 3 A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus comprises the following steps: 1) Alternating primary and secondary planting strips were established in the target field. The primary planting strip consisted of Astragalus melilotifolia and the secondary planting strip consisted of Artemisia ordosica. An irrigation strip was laid 20 cm below the primary planting strip, with drip holes spaced 30 cm apart. A 5 g / L potassium humate solution was injected simultaneously with the initial irrigation at a flow rate of 0.6 L / (h·m).

[0058] 2) Sowing Astragalus melilotus seeds or transplanting its seedlings in the first planting zone; simultaneously sowing Artemisia ordosica seeds or transplanting Artemisia ordosica seedlings in the second planting zone; the method of sowing Astragalus melilotus seeds or transplanting its seedlings in the Astragalus melilotus zone includes: The Astragalus melilotus seeds are placed in a 4°C environment, and then soaked, and the cycle is repeated. After the last cycle, the Astragalus melilotus seeds are coated; Directly sow the coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds into the first planting zone, cover the seedbed with a black sunshade net after sowing, and keep the sunshade net covered until the seedlings emerge from the soil and grow to the one-leaf and one-heart stage; If seedling transplanting is adopted, first sow the coated Astragalus mellonella seeds into the transplanting pot, and when the seedlings grow to the one-leaf and one-heart stage, transplant them to the first planting belt, wherein the transplanting pot is filled with a cultivation matrix, which is composed of peat: perlite: vermiculite in a volume ratio of 4:3:3. One Astragalus mellonella seed is sown in each transplanting pot, and a biodegradable film tube is provided between the cultivation matrix and the transplanting pot. When transplanting is required, the transplanting pot is removed, and the cultivation matrix in the biodegradable film tube and the seedling are transplanted together into the planting hole of the first planting belt.

[0059] The coating of Astragalus mellitus seeds comprises the following steps: Chitosan was dissolved in a 0.5% mass volume concentration citric acid solution, gibberellin was added, and ultrasonic dispersion was performed at 50kHz for 20 minutes. Nano-montmorillonite flakes were added to the solution to form a composite coating solution, in which the mass volume ratio of chitosan was 0.15% and the concentration of gibberellin was 60ppm. The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were placed in a fluidized bed device, dried with hot air, and solidified. The coated seeds were then irradiated with red light of 660 nm for 24 h at an intensity of 20 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 .

[0060] 3) The Artemisia ordosica in the second planting zone is retained as a non-harvested area and maintained in its growth state until the Astragalus mellitus plants close the ridges.

[0061] After the Astragalus melilotus plants have reached the ridge-covering state, prune the Artemisia ordosica plants in the second planting zone. Specifically: Prune the above-ground part of the Artemisia ordosica plant; And in the subsequent growth period of Melilotus astragalus, when the height of new shoots of Artemisia ordosica plants exceeds 20% of the average height of Astragalus plants in adjacent belts, the pruning operation is repeated until the Melilotus astragalus is harvested; Within 24 hours after each pruning of Artemisia ordosica, the pruned Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves and the residues of Astragalus mellitus plants were collected and evenly spread on the surface between the first planting zone and the second planting zone, with a laying thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0062] During the initial flowering period of Astragalus mellitus, perform the following steps in the first planting zone: a) Open vertical fertilizer trenches along the direction of the Astragalus melilotus planting rows; b) Inject phosphate-solubilizing bacteria into the fertilization trench Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus intraradices A composite microbial culture liquid composed of: c) Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0063] After the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, the Artemisia ordosica belt is retained and converted into an ecological protection belt, and the Artemisia ordosica is heavily pruned to adjust the height of the main trunk.

[0064] Astragalus mellitus can be removed. In the second year after the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, crop rotation should be carried out as follows: Dig a root-breaking trench along the junction of the second planting belt and the first planting belt; Fill the root-breaking trench with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2 to form a physical isolation layer; The new planting zone is horizontally shifted along the original direction, and Astragalus mellitus seeds are sown or its seedlings are transplanted.

[0065] During the Artemisia ordosica top pruning operation, the pruned Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves will also be processed through the following steps: Cut young branches into segments m, and crush branches with a diameter of >0.5cm; The graded material was mixed with the residue of Astragalus mellitus in a dry weight ratio of 1:2, and a composite enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1 and Lactobacillus plantarum were added. Lactobacillus plantarum , according to enzyme activity unit: bacterial count = 100U:10 8 The CFUs are mixed in a certain proportion and fermented; the fermented product is dried and used as a special biofertilizer for Astragalus mellitus in the following year.

[0066] The specific steps are as follows: Planting belt setting: In the target field, the first planting belt (Astragalus mellitus belt) and the second planting belt (Artemisia ordosica belt) were arranged alternately, with a belt width ratio of 2.0:1.

[0067] Sowing / transplanting: Astragalus seed treatment: Place the seeds at 4°C for 24 hours, transfer to 15°C and soak for 12 hours, repeating 3.5 cycles (rounded up to 4 times); Coating after the final cycle (composite coating solution: chitosan 0.15% + gibberellin 60 ppm + nano-montmorillonite content 17.5% (rounded to 18%) chitosan mass, pH 5.8); The fluidized bed was sprayed until the seeds gained 3.0% weight, and after drying and solidification, they were irradiated with 660nm red light (20μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) for 24 hours.

[0068] Transplanting: Sow in transplanting pots (substrate volume ratio of peat: perlite: vermiculite = 4:3:3 + biodegradable film tube); At the one-leaf-one-heart stage, transplant the plants to the first planting zone with film tubes.

[0069] Direct seeding of Artemisia ordosica: Direct seeding of Artemisia ordosica seeds in the second planting zone.

[0070] Infiltration irrigation management: 20cm below the first planting strip, lay an irrigation strip (drip hole spacing 30cm); During the first irrigation, 5 g / L potassium humate solution was injected simultaneously with a flow rate of 0.6 L / (h·m).

[0071] Determination of ridge closure and management of Artemisia ordosica: Maintain the growth of Artemisia ordosica until the Astragalus melilotifolia population reaches a height of 40 cm and the canopy cover is ≥70%. The canopy cover ≥70% is measured as follows: randomly select five representative sampling points within the target Astragalus melilotifolia belt, place a 50 cm × 50 cm square frame at each sampling point, and place the frame close to the ground; record the proportion of the soil area covered by the vertical projection of the above-ground part of the Astragalus melilotifolia plant in the frame to the total area of the frame; calculate the average of the proportions of the five sampling points; if the average is ≥70%, the canopy cover requirement is met; After closing the ridge, cut off the top of the Artemisia ordosica and prune it to 40 cm high; During the subsequent growth period, prune again when the height of new branches of Artemisia ordosica exceeds that of adjacent Astragalus membranaceus plants by 20%; Within 24 hours after each pruning, collect Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves and Astragalus residues and spread them on the surface between strips with a thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0072] Fertilization during flowering period: During the early flowering period, dig vertical fertilizer trenches 45 cm deep along the planting rows; Inject composite microbial solution (phosphate-solubilizing bacteria + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ≥ 5×10 8 CFU / mL, the carrier is 1.75% (rounded to 1.8%) humic acid solution, and the injection volume per meter of trench length is 155 ml; Backfill soil and compact it.

[0073] Waste recycling: Cut young Artemisia ordosica branches (diameter ≤ 0.5 cm) into 2.5 cm segments (round off to 3 cm), and crush the coarse branches into 25 mesh; Mixed with Astragalus residue at a dry weight ratio of 1:2; Add complex enzyme preparation (cellulase: xylanase = 3:1) and Lactobacillus plantarum (enzyme activity: bacterial count = 100U:10 8 CFU); Three-stage fermentation: 0-24 hours: temperature 45.0℃, pure oxygen (oxygen concentration 25%); 24-48 hours: temperature 37.0°C, carbon dioxide aeration (no oxygen); 48-72 hours: temperature 42.0°C, ventilation (oxygen concentration 8%); The fermentation product is dried to obtain biofertilizer.

[0074] Post-harvest management: After the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, the Artemisia ordosica belt is retained and heavily pruned to a height of 70 cm, turning it into an ecological protection belt.

[0075] Crop rotation update: The following year, a root-breaking trench 70 cm deep and 25 cm wide was dug along the junction between the belts; The trench is filled with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2; The new planting zone should be moved 12.5 cm (rounded up to 12 cm) in the original direction and re-sown or transplanted.

[0076] Example 4 A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus, comprising: 1) Alternating primary and secondary planting strips were established in the target field. The primary planting strip consisted of Astragalus melilotifolia and the secondary planting strip consisted of Artemisia ordosica. An irrigation strip was laid 20 cm below the primary planting strip, with drip holes spaced 30 cm apart. A 5 g / L potassium humate solution was injected simultaneously with the initial irrigation at a flow rate of 0.6 L / (h·m).

[0077] 2) Sowing Astragalus melilotus seeds or transplanting its seedlings in the first planting zone; simultaneously sowing Artemisia ordosica seeds or transplanting Artemisia ordosica seedlings in the second planting zone; the method of sowing Astragalus melilotus seeds or transplanting its seedlings in the Astragalus melilotus zone includes: The Astragalus melilotus seeds are placed in a 4°C environment, and then soaked, and the cycle is repeated. After the last cycle, the Astragalus melilotus seeds are coated; Directly sow the coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds into the first planting zone, cover the seedbed with a black sunshade net after sowing, and keep the sunshade net covered until the seedlings emerge from the soil and grow to the one-leaf and one-heart stage; If seedling transplanting is adopted, first sow the coated Astragalus mellonella seeds into the transplanting pot, and when the seedlings grow to the one-leaf and one-heart stage, transplant them to the first planting belt, wherein the transplanting pot is filled with a cultivation matrix, which is composed of peat: perlite: vermiculite in a volume ratio of 4:3:3. One Astragalus mellonella seed is sown in each transplanting pot, and a biodegradable film tube is provided between the cultivation matrix and the transplanting pot. When transplanting is required, the transplanting pot is removed, and the cultivation matrix in the biodegradable film tube and the seedling are transplanted together into the planting hole of the first planting belt.

[0078] The coating of Astragalus mellitus seeds comprises the following steps: Chitosan was dissolved in a 0.5% mass volume concentration citric acid solution, gibberellin was added, and ultrasonic dispersion was performed at 50kHz for 20 minutes. Nano-montmorillonite flakes were added to the solution to form a composite coating solution, in which the mass volume ratio of chitosan was 0.15% and the concentration of gibberellin was 60ppm. The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were placed in a fluidized bed device, dried with hot air, and solidified. The coated seeds were then irradiated with red light of 660 nm for 24 h at an intensity of 20 μmol·m -2 ·s-1 .

[0079] 3) The Artemisia ordosica in the second planting zone is retained as a non-harvested area and maintained in its growth state until the Astragalus mellitus plants close the ridges.

[0080] After the Astragalus melilotus plants have reached the ridge-covering state, prune the Artemisia ordosica plants in the second planting zone. Specifically: Prune the above-ground part of the Artemisia ordosica plant; And in the subsequent growth period of Melilotus astragalus, when the height of new shoots of Artemisia ordosica plants exceeds 20% of the average height of Astragalus plants in adjacent belts, the pruning operation is repeated until the Melilotus astragalus is harvested; Within 24 hours after each pruning of Artemisia ordosica, the pruned Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves and the residues of Astragalus mellitus plants were collected and evenly spread on the surface between the first planting zone and the second planting zone, with a laying thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0081] During the initial flowering period of Astragalus mellitus, perform the following steps in the first planting zone: a) Open vertical fertilizer trenches along the direction of the Astragalus melilotus planting rows; b) Inject phosphate-solubilizing bacteria into the fertilization trench Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus intraradices A composite microbial culture liquid composed of: c) Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0082] After the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, the Artemisia ordosica belt is retained and converted into an ecological protection belt, and the Artemisia ordosica is heavily pruned to adjust the height of the main trunk.

[0083] Astragalus mellitus can be removed. In the second year after the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, crop rotation should be carried out as follows: Dig a root-breaking trench along the junction of the second planting belt and the first planting belt; Fill the root-breaking trench with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2 to form a physical isolation layer; The new planting zone is horizontally shifted along the original direction, and Astragalus mellitus seeds are sown or its seedlings are transplanted.

[0084] During the Artemisia ordosica top pruning operation, the pruned Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves will also be processed through the following steps: Cut young branches into segments m, and crush branches with a diameter of >0.5cm; The graded material was mixed with the residue of Astragalus mellitus in a dry weight ratio of 1:2, and a composite enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1 and Lactobacillus plantarum were added. Lactobacillus plantarum , according to enzyme activity unit: bacterial count = 100U:10 8The CFUs are mixed in a certain proportion and fermented; the fermented product is dried and used as a special biofertilizer for Astragalus mellitus in the following year.

[0085] The specific steps are as follows: Planting belt setting: In the target field, the first planting belt (Astragalus mellitus belt) and the second planting belt (Artemisia ordosica belt) were arranged alternately, with a belt width ratio of 1.5:1.

[0086] Sowing / transplanting: Astragalus seed treatment: Place the seeds in a 4°C environment for 12 hours, transfer to a 13°C environment for 12 hours, and repeat three cycles; Coating after the final cycle (composite coating solution: chitosan 0.15% + gibberellin 60ppm + nano-montmorillonite content 15% chitosan mass, pH 5.6); The fluidized bed was sprayed until the seeds gained 2.5% weight, and after drying and solidification, they were irradiated with 660nm red light (20μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) for 24 hours.

[0087] Direct sowing: Coated seeds are sown directly in the first planting zone and covered with black sunshade net until the one-leaf and one-heart stage; Direct seeding of Artemisia ordosica: Direct seeding of Artemisia ordosica seeds in the second planting zone.

[0088] Infiltration irrigation management: 20cm below the first planting strip, lay an irrigation strip (drip hole spacing 30cm); During the first irrigation, 5 g / L potassium humate solution was injected simultaneously with a flow rate of 0.6 L / (h·m).

[0089] Determination of ridge closure and management of Artemisia ordosica: Maintain the growth of Artemisia ordosica until the Astragalus meliloti population reaches a height of 35 cm and the canopy cover is ≥70%. The canopy cover ≥70% is measured as follows: randomly select five representative sampling points within the target Astragalus meliloti belt, place a 50 cm × 50 cm square frame at each sampling point, and place the frame close to the ground; record the proportion of the soil area covered by the vertical projection of the above-ground part of the Astragalus meliloti plant in the frame to the total area of the frame; calculate the average of the proportions of the five sampling points; if the average is ≥70%, the canopy cover requirement is met; After closing the ridge, cut off the top of the Artemisia ordosica and prune it to 30 cm high; During the subsequent growth period, prune again when the height of new branches of Artemisia ordosica exceeds that of adjacent Astragalus membranaceus plants by 20%; Within 24 hours after each pruning, collect Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves and Astragalus residues and spread them on the surface between strips with a thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0090] Fertilization during flowering period: During the early flowering period, dig vertical fertilizer trenches 40 cm deep along the planting rows; Inject composite microbial solution (phosphate-solubilizing bacteria + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ≥ 5×10 8 CFU / mL, carrier is 1.5% humic acid solution), injection volume per meter of trench length is 120 ml; Backfill soil and compact it.

[0091] Waste recycling: Cut young Artemisia ordosica branches (diameter ≤ 0.5 cm) into 2 cm segments, and crush the coarse branches into 20 mesh; Mixed with Astragalus residue at a dry weight ratio of 1:2; Add complex enzyme preparation (cellulase: xylanase = 3:1) and Lactobacillus plantarum (enzyme activity: bacterial count = 100U:10 8 CFU); Three-stage fermentation: 0-24 hours: temperature 44.5°C, pure oxygen (oxygen concentration 23%); 24-48 hours: temperature 36.5°C, carbon dioxide aeration (no oxygen); 48-72 hours: temperature 41.5°C, ventilation (oxygen concentration 7%); The fermentation product is dried to obtain biofertilizer.

[0092] Post-harvest management: After the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, the Artemisia ordosica belt is retained and heavily pruned to a height of 60 cm, turning it into an ecological protection belt.

[0093] Crop rotation update: The following year, a root-breaking trench 60 cm deep and 20 cm wide was dug along the junction between the belts; The trench is filled with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2; The new planting zone should be moved 10 cm in the original direction and re-sown or transplanted.

[0094] Example 5 A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus, comprising: 1) Alternating primary and secondary planting strips were established in the target field. The primary planting strip consisted of Astragalus melilotifolia and the secondary planting strip consisted of Artemisia ordosica. An irrigation strip was laid 20 cm below the primary planting strip, with drip holes spaced 30 cm apart. A 5 g / L potassium humate solution was injected simultaneously with the initial irrigation at a flow rate of 0.6 L / (h·m).

[0095] 2) Sowing Astragalus melilotus seeds or transplanting its seedlings in the first planting zone; simultaneously sowing Artemisia ordosica seeds or transplanting Artemisia ordosica seedlings in the second planting zone; the method of sowing Astragalus melilotus seeds or transplanting its seedlings in the Astragalus melilotus zone includes: The Astragalus melilotus seeds are placed in a 4°C environment, and then soaked, and the cycle is repeated. After the last cycle, the Astragalus melilotus seeds are coated; Directly sow the coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds into the first planting zone, cover the seedbed with a black sunshade net after sowing, and keep the sunshade net covered until the seedlings emerge from the soil and grow to the one-leaf and one-heart stage; If seedling transplanting is adopted, first sow the coated Astragalus mellonella seeds into the transplanting pot, and when the seedlings grow to the one-leaf and one-heart stage, transplant them to the first planting belt, wherein the transplanting pot is filled with a cultivation matrix, which is composed of peat: perlite: vermiculite in a volume ratio of 4:3:3. One Astragalus mellonella seed is sown in each transplanting pot, and a biodegradable film tube is provided between the cultivation matrix and the transplanting pot. When transplanting is required, the transplanting pot is removed, and the cultivation matrix in the biodegradable film tube and the seedling are transplanted together into the planting hole of the first planting belt.

[0096] The coating of Astragalus mellitus seeds comprises the following steps: Chitosan was dissolved in a 0.5% mass volume concentration citric acid solution, gibberellin was added, and ultrasonic dispersion was performed at 50kHz for 20 minutes. Nano-montmorillonite flakes were added to the solution to form a composite coating solution, in which the mass volume ratio of chitosan was 0.15% and the concentration of gibberellin was 60ppm. The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were placed in a fluidized bed device, dried with hot air, and solidified. The coated seeds were then irradiated with red light of 660 nm for 24 h at an intensity of 20 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 .

[0097] 3) The Artemisia ordosica in the second planting zone is retained as a non-harvested area and maintained in its growth state until the Astragalus mellitus plants close the ridges.

[0098] After the Astragalus melilotus plants have reached the ridge-covering state, prune the Artemisia ordosica plants in the second planting zone. Specifically: Prune the above-ground part of the Artemisia ordosica plant; And in the subsequent growth period of Melilotus astragalus, when the height of new shoots of Artemisia ordosica plants exceeds 20% of the average height of Astragalus plants in adjacent belts, the pruning operation is repeated until the Melilotus astragalus is harvested; Within 24 hours after each pruning of Artemisia ordosica, the pruned Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves and the residues of Astragalus mellitus plants were collected and evenly spread on the surface between the first planting zone and the second planting zone, with a laying thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0099] During the initial flowering period of Astragalus mellitus, perform the following steps in the first planting zone: a) Open vertical fertilizer trenches along the direction of the Astragalus melilotus planting rows; b) Inject phosphate-solubilizing bacteria into the fertilization trench Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus intraradices A composite microbial culture liquid composed of: c) Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0100] After the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, the Artemisia ordosica belt is retained and converted into an ecological protection belt, and the Artemisia ordosica is heavily pruned to adjust the height of the main trunk.

[0101] Astragalus mellitus can be removed. In the second year after the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, crop rotation should be carried out as follows: Dig a root-breaking trench along the junction of the second planting belt and the first planting belt; Fill the root-breaking trench with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2 to form a physical isolation layer; The new planting zone is horizontally shifted along the original direction, and Astragalus mellitus seeds are sown or its seedlings are transplanted.

[0102] During the Artemisia ordosica top pruning operation, the pruned Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves will also be processed through the following steps: Cut young branches into segments m, and crush branches with a diameter of >0.5cm; The graded material was mixed with the residue of Astragalus mellitus in a dry weight ratio of 1:2, and a composite enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1 and Lactobacillus plantarum were added. Lactobacillus plantarum , according to enzyme activity unit: bacterial count = 100U: 10 8 The CFUs are mixed in a certain proportion and fermented; the fermented product is dried and used as a special biofertilizer for Astragalus mellitus in the following year.

[0103] The specific steps are as follows: Planting belt setting: In the target field, the first planting belt (Astragalus mellitus belt) and the second planting belt (Artemisia ordosica belt) were arranged alternately, with a belt width ratio of 2.5:1.

[0104] Sowing / transplanting: Astragalus seed treatment: The seeds were placed in a 4°C environment for 36 hours, then transferred to a 17°C environment for 12 hours, and the cycle was repeated four times. Coating after the final cycle (composite coating solution: chitosan 0.15% + gibberellin 60ppm + nano-montmorillonite content 20% chitosan mass, pH 6.0); The fluidized bed was sprayed until the seeds gained 3.5% weight, and after drying and solidification, they were irradiated with 660nm red light (20μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) for 24 hours.

[0105] Transplanting: Sow in transplanting pots (substrate volume ratio of peat: perlite: vermiculite = 4:3:3 + biodegradable film tube); At the one-leaf-one-heart stage, transplant the plants to the first planting zone with film tubes.

[0106] Direct seeding of Artemisia ordosica: Direct seeding of Artemisia ordosica seeds in the second planting zone.

[0107] Infiltration irrigation management: 20cm below the first planting strip, lay an irrigation strip (drip hole spacing 30cm); During the first irrigation, 5 g / L potassium humate solution was injected simultaneously with a flow rate of 0.6 L / (h·m).

[0108] Determination of ridge closure and management of Artemisia ordosica: Maintain the growth of Artemisia ordosica until the Astragalus melilotiformis colony reaches a height of 45 cm and the canopy cover is ≥70%; After closing the ridge, cut off the top of the Artemisia ordosica and prune it to 50 cm high; During the subsequent growth period, prune again when the height of new branches of Artemisia ordosica exceeds that of adjacent Astragalus membranaceus plants by 20%; Within 24 hours after each pruning, collect Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves and Astragalus residues and spread them on the surface between strips with a thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0109] Fertilization during flowering period: During the early flowering period, dig vertical fertilizer trenches 50 cm deep along the planting rows; Inject composite microbial solution (phosphate-solubilizing bacteria + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ≥ 5×10 8 CFU / mL, carrier is 2.0% humic acid solution), injection volume per meter of trench length is 190 ml; Backfill soil and compact it.

[0110] Waste recycling: Cut young Artemisia ordosica branches (diameter ≤ 0.5 cm) into 3 cm segments, and crush the coarse branches into 30 mesh; Mixed with Astragalus residue at a dry weight ratio of 1:2; Add complex enzyme preparation (cellulase: xylanase = 3:1) and Lactobacillus plantarum (enzyme activity: bacterial count = 100U:10 8CFU); Three-stage fermentation: 0-24 hours: temperature 45.5°C, pure oxygen (oxygen concentration 27%); 24-48 hours: temperature 37.5°C, carbon dioxide aeration (no oxygen); 48-72 hours: temperature 42.5°C, ventilation (oxygen concentration 9%); The fermentation product is dried to obtain biofertilizer.

[0111] Post-harvest management: After the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, the Artemisia ordosica belt is retained and heavily pruned to 80 cm high, turning it into an ecological protection belt.

[0112] Crop rotation update: The following year, root-breaking trenches 80 cm deep and 30 cm wide were dug along the junctions between the strips; The trench is filled with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2; The new planting zone should be moved 15 cm in the original direction and re-sown or transplanted.

[0113] Comparative Example 1 (traditional single crop control) A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus, comprising: Adopting a single Astragalus membranaceus planting model: The field was evenly sown with Astragalus mellitus (untreated seeds); Conventional irrigation (surface flooding), base application of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) 600 kg / ha; No companion plants are planted and weeds are removed manually.

[0114] Effect verification 1. Experimental Design Treatment group: Comparative Example 1, Examples 1 to 5 Replication: 4 random blocks, each plot area 30m 2 (6m×5m) Cycle: 2 years. In Examples 3, 4, and 5, after harvesting Astragalus mellitus in the first year, the plants were replanted according to their respective methods in the second year. In Examples 1, 2, and Comparative Example 1, the plants were each carried out annually according to their respective methods. In Examples 1 and 2, after harvesting Astragalus mellitus in the first year, the Astragalus mellitus plants and the Artemisia ordosica strip plants were cut down.

[0115] The yield was averaged and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0116] Table 1 Output Group Yield in the first year kg / mu Yield in the second year kg / mu Example 1 266 261 Example 2 293 301 Example 3 346 360 Example 4 296 260 Example 5 330 322 Comparative Example 1 218 215 Comparative Example 1 adopts the traditional monoculture model, which lacks ecological barriers. The early exposure of the surface leads to soil erosion and competition with weeds, inhibited seedling growth, slow population development, and it is difficult to form a high-yield foundation. Example 1 provides early windbreak and weed suppression through the Artemisia ordosica-Astragalus strip configuration, improves the microenvironment and promotes Astragalus ridge sealing, which limits the increase in production. Example 2 further improves the yield by optimizing the seed treatment or seedling transplanting method of Astragalus mellitus, specific seed coating formula and treatment process, accurately providing water and nutrients in the early stage of Astragalus mellitus planting, promoting early root development, managing the associated Artemisia ordosica belt to avoid its excessive growth and shading Astragalus, and other measures. In addition, both Example 1 and Example 2 also removed the Artemisia ordosica belt in the first year. Although the yield was guaranteed, the production cost increased. Example 3-5 balances resource allocation; combines three-stage fermentation biofertilizer with crop rotation and root cutting isolation to synergistically optimize soil microecology and achieve sustained production increase.

[0117] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily realize further modifications. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific details without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Alternating first and second planting strips are set up on the target plot, wherein the first planting strip is a sweet clover strip and the second planting strip is an artemisia ordosica strip, and the width ratio of the astragalus strip to the artemisia ordosica strip is 1.5-2.5:1; 2) Sowing Astragalus membranaceus seeds or transplanting its seedlings in the first planting zone; simultaneously sowing Artemisia ordosica seeds or transplanting Artemisia ordosica seedlings in the second planting zone; 3) The Artemisia ordosica in the second planting belt shall be retained as a non-harvested area, and its growth state shall be maintained until the Astragalus mellitus plants are covered with ridges. Maintaining its growth state until the Astragalus mellitus plants are covered with ridges means: maintaining the growth state of the Artemisia ordosica in the second planting belt until the height of the Astragalus mellitus plant group reaches 35-45 cm and the canopy coverage is ≥70%. When both conditions are met at the same time, it is regarded as the plants are covered with ridges.

2. The method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus according to claim 1, wherein: Methods for sowing Astragalus membranaceus seeds or transplanting its seedlings in the Astragalus belt include: The Astragalus melilotifolia seeds are placed in a 4°C environment for 12-36 hours, and then transferred to a 13-17°C seed soaking environment for 12 hours, and the cycle is repeated 3-4 times. After the last cycle, the Astragalus melilotifolia seeds are coated; Directly sow the coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds into the first planting zone, cover the seedbed with a black sunshade net after sowing, and keep the sunshade net covered until the seedlings emerge from the soil and grow to the one-leaf and one-heart stage; If seedling transplanting is adopted, first sow the coated Astragalus mellonella seeds into the transplanting pot, and when the seedlings grow to the one-leaf and one-heart stage, transplant them to the first planting belt, wherein the transplanting pot is filled with a cultivation matrix, which is composed of peat: perlite: vermiculite in a volume ratio of 4:3:

3. One Astragalus mellonella seed is sown in each transplanting pot, and a biodegradable film tube is provided between the cultivation matrix and the transplanting pot. When transplanting is required, the transplanting pot is removed, and the cultivation matrix in the biodegradable film tube and the seedling are transplanted together into the planting hole of the first planting belt.

3. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus according to claim 2, wherein: The method of coating Astragalus mellitus seeds comprises the following steps: Chitosan was dissolved in a 0.5% mass volume concentration citric acid solution, and after adding gibberellin, ultrasonic dispersion was carried out at 50kHz for 20 minutes. Nano-montmorillonite flakes with a particle size of 50-100nm were added to the solution at an amount of 15-20% of the mass of chitosan. The pH of the system was adjusted to 5.8±0.2 to form a composite coating solution, in which the mass volume ratio of chitosan was 0.15% and the concentration of gibberellin was 60ppm. The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were placed in a fluidized bed apparatus and the composite coating solution was sprayed until the seeds gained 3.0±0.5% weight. After hot air drying, the seeds were solidified. The coated seeds were then irradiated with red light of 660 nm wavelength for 24 h at a light intensity of 20 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 .

4. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus according to claim 1, wherein: An infiltration irrigation belt was laid 20 cm below the first planting belt, with a drip hole spacing of 30 cm. A potassium humate solution with a concentration of 5 g / L was injected simultaneously with the first irrigation at a flow rate of 0.6 L / (h·m).

5. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus according to claim 1, wherein: After the Astragalus melilotus plants have reached the ridge-covering state, prune the Artemisia ordosica plants in the second planting zone. Specifically: Prune the above-ground part of the Artemisia ordosica plant at a height of 30-50 cm from the ground; And in the subsequent growth period of Melilotus astragalus, when the height of new shoots of Artemisia ordosica plants exceeds 20% of the average height of Astragalus plants in adjacent belts, the pruning operation is repeated until the Melilotus astragalus is harvested; Within 24 hours after each pruning of Artemisia ordosica, the pruned Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves and the residues of Astragalus mellitus plants were collected and evenly spread on the surface between the first planting zone and the second planting zone, with a laying thickness of ≤5 cm.

6. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus according to claim 1, wherein: During the initial flowering period of Astragalus mellitus, perform the following steps in the first planting zone: a) Dig vertical fertilizer trenches 40-50 cm deep along the rows of Astragalus mellitus. b) Inject phosphate-solubilizing bacteria into the fertilization trench Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus intraradices The composite microbial liquid is injected at a rate of 120-190 ml per meter of trench length, wherein the effective viable bacteria count in the composite microbial liquid is ≥5×10 8 CFU / mL, the bacterial solution carrier is a humic acid solution with a mass volume concentration of 1.5-2.0%; c) Backfill the soil and compact it.

7. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus according to claim 1, wherein: After the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, the Artemisia ordosica belt is retained and converted into an ecological protection belt, and the Artemisia ordosica is heavily pruned to retain the main trunk height adjusted to 60-80 cm.

8. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus according to claim 1, wherein: In the second year after the Astragalus mellitus is harvested, crop rotation should be carried out as follows: Dig a root-breaking trench with a depth of 60-80 cm and a width of 20-30 cm along the junction of the second planting belt and the first planting belt; Fill the root-breaking trench with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2 to form a physical isolation layer; Move the new planting zone horizontally 10-15 cm along the original direction and sow Astragalus mellitus seeds or transplant its seedlings.

9. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus according to claim 5, wherein: During the Artemisia ordosica top pruning operation, the pruned Artemisia ordosica branches and leaves will also be processed through the following steps: Twigs with a diameter of ≤0.5cm were cut into 2-3cm segments, and branches with a diameter of >0.5cm were crushed into 20-30 mesh; The graded material was mixed with the residue of Astragalus mellitus in a dry weight ratio of 1:2, and a composite enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1 and Lactobacillus plantarum were added. Lactobacillus plantarum , according to enzyme activity unit: bacterial count = 100U:10 8 The CFU were mixed in a certain proportion and fermented. The fermentation was divided into three stages: 0-24 hours: temperature 45±0.5℃, pure oxygen, oxygen concentration 25±2%; 24-48 hours: temperature 37±0.5℃, carbon dioxide was passed to form an anaerobic environment; 48-72 hours: temperature 42±0.5℃, air was passed, oxygen concentration 8±1%; The fermentation product is dried and used as a special biofertilizer for Astragalus mellitus in the following year.

10. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus melilotus according to claim 1, wherein: In step 3), the method for measuring the canopy cover ≥70% is as follows: 5 representative sampling points are randomly selected within the target astragalus belt, and a square sample frame of 50 cm × 50 cm is placed at each sampling point, with the sample frame close to the ground; Record the proportion of the soil area covered by the vertical projection of the aboveground part of the Astragalus mellitus plant in the sample frame to the total area of the sample frame; calculate the average value of the proportion of the five sample points. If the average value is ≥70%, the canopy coverage requirement is met.