Restoration method of slope ecological structure based on forest burning background

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for restoring a slope ecological structure based on forest burning background, and belongs to the technical field of water and soil conservation and ecological restoration. Burnt vegetation and slope surfaces are cleaned, the burnt slope surfaces are recombined, a three-layer vegetation structure, namely an arbor structure, a shrub structure and a herbaceous structure is determined to be formed, six soil structures are constructed, and the slope ecological structure is restored. A water supply and drainage network is formed on the slope surface penetrating through the gravel layer, the global water supply and drainage function is achieved, and different vegetation species are selected for planting according to the actual situation of the area and in combination with the three-layer vegetation structure; the fire-proof plant wall has the advantages of simple materials, use of local materials, good utilization of burnt fire waste materials, economy, feasibility, good bearing capacity, ecological environmental protection, high stability and the like, can effectively solve the problem that the ecology is difficult to recover after a fire, provides a stable growth environment for plants, and has a wide application prospect. The structure expands the application range of slope ecological restoration after the fire, and can better adapt to slopes with the gradient smaller than or equal to 60 degrees.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil and water conservation and ecological restoration, and in particular to a method for restoring a slope ecological structure under the background of forest burning. Background Art

[0002] Forest resources are primarily concentrated in mountainous areas. Due to the combined effects of extreme climate and human activity, forest fires are frequent. High-intensity burning causes carbonization of organic matter in the surface soil of slopes, destroying the aggregate structure and creating exposed surfaces with weak erosion resistance. After the fire, the surface humus layer of the slope is completely burned, leading to the collapse of the soil aggregate structure. High temperatures cause a high carbonization rate of vegetation roots, resulting in a decrease in soil shear strength during the following rainy season, inducing slope displacement and ultimately forming shallow landslides. High-intensity forest fires also lead to high carbonization rates of trees and a decrease in the water-holding capacity of deep humus, creating ecologically fragile zones. These damaged slopes are a core driver of increased soil erosion, frequent geological disasters, and the degradation of regional climate regulation functions. Their ecological restoration requires systematic recovery through the coordinated regulation of soil structure reorganization and vegetation community succession.

[0003] Current artificial slope ecological restoration projects typically experience vigorous plant growth and excellent soil and water conservation in the early stages of restoration. However, over time, the plant community gradually declines, becoming monotonous and ultimately failing to form a stable plant community. This is primarily due to a focus on short-term restoration efforts, resulting in insufficient plant community diversity. Furthermore, the thin soil layer on the slopes restricts the root development of shrubs and small trees, further weakening the ecosystem's ability to sustain itself. Therefore, the challenge of creating sustainable root growth space while ensuring slope stability, thereby achieving systematic restoration of the slope's vegetation ecosystem, remains a pressing issue. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problems to be solved: In response to the technical problems mentioned in the background technology, the existing technology for repairing the ecological structure of vegetation on mountain slopes after fire focuses on short-term recovery effects, resulting in insufficient plant community diversity, thin slope soil thickness, restricting the development of shrubs and small trees, and further weakening the self-sustaining ability of the ecosystem. The present invention provides a method for repairing the ecological structure of slopes under the background of forest burning.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention provides a method for repairing slope ecological structures in the context of forest burning, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Clear the burned vegetation and slopes;

[0007] Step 2: Reorganize the burned slope surface to determine the formation of a three-layer vegetation structure, namely, a tree structure, a shrub structure, and a herb structure;

[0008] Step 3: Construct six soil structures and penetrate the gravel layer on the slope to form a water supply and drainage network to achieve global water supply and drainage functions;

[0009] Step 4: Select different vegetation species for planting based on the actual situation of the area and in combination with the three-layer vegetation structure.

[0010] Preferably, the specific steps for cleaning the burned vegetation and slope in step 1 are: first, classify and organize the burning residues containing broken wood and branches, and herbal ash, then clean the surface burned and hardened soil, i.e., old soil, and finally dig out a part of the bottom soil, i.e., new soil, for standby use.

[0011] Preferably, in step 2, the tree structure, shrub structure and herb structure are connected by a gravel layer; the tree structure is a tree layer, the shrub structure is a shrub layer, and the herb structure is a herb layer, and the tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer constitute the ecological structure of the slope.

[0012] Preferably, the shrub layer consists of shrubs, and the herb layer consists of grasses.

[0013] Preferably, the tree structure in step 2 is a deep pit structure and is lower than the slope surface, leaving a distance of 0.4-0.8m from the slope surface for water retention.

[0014] Preferably, the specific steps of step 2 are:

[0015] Step 2-1: Adopt a stepped layering design based on the length of the slope, setting a herb layer every 2-3 meters along the longitudinal direction of the slope to form a multi-level herb community. The longitudinal direction is from the top of the slope to the foot of the slope or from the foot of the slope to the top of the slope;

[0016] Step 2-2: Dig tree planting pits along the slope. The tree layer should be a 1m×1m square hole with a depth of 1.5-2m and a longitudinal excavation width of 1m.

[0017] Step 2-3: The distance between adjacent tree layers on the slope is kept at 2-3m, and shrubs are planted in between to form a three-dimensional configuration system of trees, shrubs and herbs;

[0018] Step 2-4: After locating the different vegetation structure layers, start digging the soil. Dig the tree layer first. The tree layer is a 1m×1m square planting hole with a depth of 1.5m-2m to reserve for planting trees. When excavating the tree layer, in order to ensure that the tree layers are connected to each other vertically, it is necessary to penetrate the gravel layer at the bottom to form a longitudinal water supply and drainage channel. In order to maintain the horizontal connection between the tree layers, it is necessary to penetrate the adjacent tree layers horizontally. The excavation width is 0.5m and the excavation depth is the same as the depth of the tree layer. Lay a gravel layer at the bottom and backfill.

[0019] Preferably, the six soil structures in step 3 constitute the vertical structure of the tree layer soil, which are, from bottom to top, old soil, small gravel and crushed stone, large gravel and crushed stone, broken wood and branches, mixed soil layer, and organic improved soil layer.

[0020] Preferably, the old soil is the surface burned and hardened soil, the particle size of small gravel and crushed stone is 5-20mm, the particle size of large gravel and crushed stone is 20-50mm, the small gravel and crushed stone and the large gravel and crushed stone constitute a particle size-graded gravel layer, the broken wood and branches are unburned residual wood, the mixed soil layer is composed of herb ash, charcoal, and new soil in a mass ratio of 1:2:7, the organic improved soil layer is composed of organic fertilizer and new soil in a mass ratio of 1:9, the old soil, small gravel and crushed stone, large gravel and crushed stone, broken wood and branches, mixed soil layer, and organic improved soil layer constitute a multi-level composite structure of soil; the broken wood and branches, herb ash, charcoal and old soil are all obtained by cleaning the burned vegetation and slope surface in step 1; the new soil is the bottom soil of the original slope surface that is not affected by the fire; water retaining sills with a width and height of 0.2-0.3m are left on the horizontal side edges and the longitudinal outer edge of the slope surface to prevent soil and water loss.

[0021] Preferably, step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:

[0022] Step 3-1: Design the tree layer into a six-layer structure. The six layers are laid from bottom to top. The thickness of the bottom five layers is the same, which is 0.2m-0.3m. The surface hardened soil after burning, i.e. old soil, is laid first.

[0023] Step 3-2: Lay small gravel and crushed stone and extend it longitudinally to the slope surface. The slope of the extended part should be consistent with the slope surface, and small gravel and crushed stone should be laid on the extended part;

[0024] Step 3-3: Continue laying gravel and crushed stones in the tree layer and extend it longitudinally to the slope surface. The slope of the extended part should be consistent with the slope surface, and gravel and crushed stones should be laid in the extended part;

[0025] Step 3-4: Then, on the gravel of the tree layer, a mixture of positive pioneer species and shade-tolerant species is selected. The mixing ratio is adjusted according to the differences in light and humidity along the slope. The positive pioneer species are Robinia pseudoacacia and / or Masson pine, and the shade-tolerant species are one or more of Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Phoebe nanmu, and Baldcypress.

[0026] Step 3-5: Lay a layer of broken wood and branches and a layer of mixed soil in the tree layer from bottom to top;

[0027] Step 3-6: Finally, cover with an organic improved soil layer with a thickness of at least 0.2m, of which organic fertilizer accounts for 10% to ensure nutrient supply while avoiding over-nutrition. The organic fertilizer is a fermentation product of poultry manure.

[0028] Preferably, step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:

[0029] Step 4-1: For the tree structure, a mixture of positive pioneer species and shade-tolerant species is selected. The mixed ratio is adjusted according to the differences in light and humidity along the slope. Positive pioneer species require full sunlight and are drought-tolerant, such as Robinia pseudoacacia and / or Masson pine. Shade-tolerant species are moisture-tolerant, such as one or more of Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Phoebe nanmu, and Baldcypress. On sunny slopes, a ratio of positive pioneer species to shade-tolerant species is 8:2. On shady slopes, a ratio of positive pioneer species to shade-tolerant species is 5:5. In transition zones, a ratio of positive pioneer species to shade-tolerant species is 6:4.

[0030] Step 4-2: Select leguminous nitrogen-fixing species for shrub structure planting. In arid and / or semi-arid areas, Robinia pseudoacacia and Caragana korshinskii can be combined to form a composite shrub. In humid and rainy areas, typical leguminous plants such as Amorpha fruticosa or Indigofera chinensis can be selected.

[0031] Step 4-3: Selecting herbaceous plants with strong adaptability for planting in the herbaceous structure, the selected herbaceous plants with strong adaptability are one or more of Ophiopogon japonicus, Pilea corylifolia, and lawn grass, and the lawn grass is Kentucky bluegrass and / or ryegrass.

[0032] Compared with the existing technology, the slope ecological structure repair method based on the background of forest burning has the following advantages:

[0033] Beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. Multiple tree layers are set up on the slope surface. Each tree layer is 10-30cm below the slope surface. Different reserved depths are selected according to the regional climate and environment to achieve reasonable water retention, facilitate the rapid growth of replanted vegetation, and effectively prevent soil erosion due to the depth of the tree layer, providing a good water and soil environment for plant growth and promoting the ecological restoration of slope vegetation.

[0035] 2. A portion of the gravel layer beneath each tree layer extends into the herbaceous layer, allowing excess water to be used to irrigate the herbaceous layer. The other portion flows directly to the tree layer below, not only transferring excess water to the next level but also connecting each tree layer. This provides excellent water permeability, allowing for effective water infiltration and absorption under high-flow conditions without causing slope runoff. This effectively prevents soil erosion and maintains the soil and water environment required for vegetation growth.

[0036] 3. The gaps between the gravel blocks create a three-dimensional space for plant root growth, achieving root density within a limited space. This gap is unaffected by the presence of coarse roots and can accurately highlight the increase in root fiber content in the soil. There is a significant relationship between root density and soil erosion resistance: the greater the root density, the stronger the soil erosion resistance. Plant roots can also alter soil organic matter content and secrete a series of chemicals to increase soil aggregation. Therefore, the efficient combination of gravel layer structure and vegetation restoration can increase plant root growth space while ensuring slope stability.

[0037] 4. Set up a three-layer structure of trees, shrubs and herbs to make the ecological structure reasonable and accelerate ecological recovery. Leave a certain recess in the tree layer to store water, greatly improve the survival rate of trees, save vegetation costs and enhance the sustainability of ecological benefits.

[0038] 5. The tree layer and the herb layer are connected by a gravel layer. The soil layer in the tree layer contains herb ash, charcoal, organic fertilizer, etc. It has a loose structure, strong water retention capacity, and contains basic nutritional elements for plant growth, which is especially suitable for vegetation rooting and germination;

[0039] 6. A plant configuration dominated by native plants can better adapt to the local environment, greatly reduce maintenance costs, and naturally blend in with the surrounding environment. In addition, priority is given to perennial tree species such as deep-rooted, barren-resistant native trees (for example, Yunnan pine and camphor trees) and highly adaptable evergreen soil-fixing tree species (for example, Yunnan cinnamon and spruce trees) with strong survival characteristics. At the same time, they are matched with shrub layers and herbaceous layers to form a stable and functional tree-shrub-herb structure, which has a significant ecological restoration effect and good sustainability.

[0040] 7. The soil-fixing, water-retaining and drainage structure adopted by the present invention has simple materials and can make good use of fire waste after burning. It is economical and easy to implement, has good bearing capacity, and has the advantages of being environmentally friendly and highly stable. It can effectively solve the problem of difficult ecological recovery after a fire and provide a stable growth environment for plants. The structure also expands the scope of application of slope ecological restoration after a fire and can better adapt to slopes with a slope of ≤60°. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional diagram of the slope ecological structure under the background of forest burning in this application;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a bird's-eye view diagram of the slope ecological structure under the background of forest burning in this application;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the soil structure of the tree layer based on the slope ecological structure under the background of forest burning in this application.

[0044] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Old soil, 2. Small gravel and crushed stone, 3. Large gravel and crushed stone, 4. Broken wood and branches, 5. Mixed soil layer, 6. Organic improved soil layer, 7. Tree layer, 8. Shrub layer, 9. Herb layer, 10. Drainage outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0047] Example 1:

[0048] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown in FIG, a method for restoring the ecological structure of a slope under the background of forest burning includes the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Clean up the burned vegetation and slopes: Figure 1 As shown, firstly, the burning residues including broken wood, branches and herb ash are sorted and arranged, then the surface burned and hardened soil, i.e. old soil, is cleaned, and finally a part of the bottom soil, i.e. new soil, is dug out for later use;

[0050] Step 2: Reorganize the slope after burning to form a three-layer vegetation structure, namely, a tree structure, a shrub structure, and a herb structure; the three vegetation structures are connected by a gravel layer; the tree structure is the tree layer, the shrub structure is the shrub layer, and the herb structure is the herb layer. The tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer constitute the ecological structure of the slope; the tree structure needs to be made into a deep pit structure and should be lower than the slope surface, leaving a distance of 0.4-0.8m from the slope surface for water retention. The tree layer structure can retain the water required by the tree, and the excess water flows out through the gravel layer to prevent excessive water from causing waterlogging of trees, while also improving the soil layer's ability to withstand rain erosion; the shrub layer and herb layer are used to provide a stable growth platform and growth environment for plants to prevent vegetation degradation; the bottom gravel layer allows vegetation to take deep roots, thereby consolidating the foundation and moisturizing the plants, while providing a better and more suitable growth environment for plant growth, so that plants can germinate and grow quickly, thereby accelerating the speed of ecological restoration; excess water flowing downwards can provide a relatively more stable environment for the vegetation below, accelerating plant growth;

[0051] Step 3: Construct six soil structures, and penetrate the gravel layer on the slope to form a water supply and drainage network to achieve global water supply and drainage functions; the six soil structures constitute the vertical structure of the tree layer soil, from bottom to top; old soil, small gravel and gravel, large gravel and gravel, broken wood and branches, mixed soil layer, organic improved soil layer; old soil is the surface burned and hardened soil, the particle size of small gravel and gravel is 5-20mm, the particle size of large gravel and gravel is 20-50mm, small gravel and gravel and large gravel and gravel constitute the particle size graded gravel layer, broken wood and branches are unburned residual wood, the mixed soil layer is composed of herbal ash, charcoal, and new soil in a mass ratio of 1:2:7, the organic improved soil layer is a mixture of organic fertilizer and new soil in a mass ratio of 1:9, old soil, small gravel and gravel, large gravel and gravel, broken wood and branches, mixed soil layer, and organic improved soil layer constitute the multi-level composite structure of the soil. Broken wood and branches, herb ash, charcoal and old soil are all obtained from cleaning the burned vegetation and slope surface in step 1; the new soil is the bottom soil of the original slope surface that was not affected by the fire; water retaining sills with a width and height of 0.2-0.3m are left on the horizontal edges and vertical outer edges of the slope surface to prevent soil erosion.

[0052] Step 4: Select different vegetation species for planting based on the actual situation of the area and in combination with the three-layer vegetation structure.

[0053] Example 2:

[0054] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown in FIG, a method for restoring the ecological structure of a slope under the background of forest burning includes the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: Clean up the burned vegetation and slopes: Figure 1 As shown, firstly, the burning residues including broken wood, branches and herb ash are sorted and arranged, then the surface burned and hardened soil, i.e. old soil, is cleaned, and finally a part of the bottom soil, i.e. new soil, is dug out for later use;

[0056] Step 2: Reorganize the slope after burning to form a three-layer vegetation structure, namely, a tree structure, a shrub structure and a herb structure; the three layers of vegetation structure are connected by a gravel layer; the tree structure is the tree layer, the shrub structure is the shrub layer, and the herb structure is the herb layer. The slope ecological structure includes tree layer 7, shrub layer 8 and herb layer 9; the three layers of vegetation structure are connected by a gravel layer; the tree structure needs to be made into a deep pit structure and should be lower than the slope surface, leaving a distance of 0.4-0.8m from the slope surface for water retention; the tree layer structure can retain the water needed by the tree, and more The remaining water flows out through the gravel layer to prevent excessive water from causing waterlogging of trees, and also improves the soil's ability to withstand rain erosion; the shrub layer and herb layer are used to provide a stable growth platform and growth environment for plants, preventing vegetation degradation; the bottom gravel layer allows vegetation to take deep roots, thereby consolidating the foundation and moisturizing plants, while providing a better and more suitable growth environment for plant growth, so that plants can germinate and grow quickly, thereby accelerating the speed of ecological restoration; excess water flows downward to provide a relatively more stable environment for the vegetation below, accelerating plant growth; the specific steps are:

[0057] Step 2-1: Adopt a stepped layering design based on the length of the slope, setting a herb layer every 2-3 meters along the longitudinal direction of the slope to form a multi-level herb community. The longitudinal direction is from the top of the slope to the foot of the slope or from the foot of the slope to the top of the slope;

[0058] Step 2-2: Dig tree planting pits along the slope. The tree layer should be a 1m×1m square hole with a depth of 1.5-2m and a longitudinal excavation width of 1m.

[0059] Step 2-3: The distance between adjacent tree layers on the slope is kept at 2-3m, and shrubs are planted in between to form a three-dimensional configuration system of trees, shrubs and herbs;

[0060] Step 2-4: After locating the different vegetation structure layers, start digging the soil. Dig the tree layer first. The tree layer is a 1m×1m square planting hole with a depth of 1.5m-2m to reserve for planting trees. When excavating the tree layer, in order to ensure that the tree layers are connected to each other vertically, it is necessary to penetrate the gravel layer at the bottom to form a longitudinal water supply and drainage channel. In order to maintain the horizontal connection between the tree layers, it is necessary to penetrate the adjacent tree layers horizontally. The excavation width is 0.5m and the excavation depth is the same as the depth of the tree layer. Lay a gravel layer at the bottom and backfill.

[0061] Step 3: Construct six soil structures, and penetrate the gravel layer on the slope to form a water supply and drainage network to achieve global water supply and drainage functions; the six soil structures constitute the vertical structure of the tree layer soil, from bottom to top: 1. old soil 2. small gravel and gravel 3. large gravel and gravel 4. broken wood and branches 5. mixed soil layer 6. organic improved soil layer; the old soil is the surface burned and hardened soil, the particle size of small gravel and gravel is 5-20mm, the particle size of large gravel and gravel is 20-50mm, the small gravel and gravel and large gravel and gravel constitute the particle size graded gravel layer, the broken wood and branches are the residual wood that has not been fully burned, the mixed soil layer is composed of herbal ash, charcoal, and new soil in a mass ratio of 1:2:7, the organic improved soil layer is composed of organic fertilizer and new soil in a mass ratio of 1:9, and the old soil, small gravel and gravel, large gravel and gravel, broken wood and branches, mixed soil layer, and organic improved soil layer constitute the multi-level composite structure of the soil. Broken wood and branches, herb ash, charcoal, and old soil are all obtained from clearing the burned vegetation and slope surface in step 1; the new soil is the bottom soil of the original slope surface that was not affected by the fire; a water retaining sill with a width and height of 0.2-0.3m is left on the horizontal edges and vertical outer edges of the slope surface to prevent soil erosion. The specific steps are as follows:

[0062] Step 3-1: Design the tree layer into a six-layer structure. The six layers are laid from bottom to top. The thickness of the bottom five layers is the same, which is 0.2m-0.3m. The surface hardened soil after burning, i.e. old soil, is laid first.

[0063] Step 3-2: Lay small gravel and crushed stone and extend it longitudinally to the slope surface. The slope of the extended part should be consistent with the slope surface, and small gravel and crushed stone should be laid on the extended part;

[0064] Step 3-3: Continue to lay gravel and crushed stones in the tree layer and extend it longitudinally to the slope surface. The slope of the extended part should be consistent with the slope surface, and gravel and crushed stones should be laid in the extended part;

[0065] Step 3-4: Then, on the gravel of the tree layer, a mixture of positive pioneer species and shade-tolerant species is selected. The mixing ratio is adjusted according to the differences in light and humidity along the slope. The positive pioneer species are Robinia pseudoacacia and / or Masson pine, and the shade-tolerant species are one or more of Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Phoebe nanmu, and Baldcypress.

[0066] Step 3-5: Lay a layer of broken wood and branches and a layer of mixed soil in the tree layer from bottom to top;

[0067] Step 3-6: Finally, cover with an organic improved soil layer with a thickness of at least 0.2m, of which organic fertilizer accounts for 10% to ensure nutrient supply while avoiding over-nutrition. The organic fertilizer is a fermentation product of poultry manure.

[0068] like Figure 2As shown in the bird's-eye view of the slope, a water retaining sill should be built on both sides of the slope. The height of the water retaining sill is 0.2m-0.3m. The functions of the water retaining sill are to guide excess water downward to prevent excess water and soil erosion, and to drain excess water at the bottom of the slope. A drainage outlet should be set at the bottom of the slope, and the drainage outlet should be connected to the gravel layer in the tree layer above to facilitate the timely drainage of water and prevent the rot of vegetation roots.

[0069] Step 4: Select different vegetation species for planting based on the actual situation of the area and in combination with the three-layer vegetation structure. The specific steps are as follows:

[0070] Step 4-1: For the tree layer, a mixture of positive pioneer species and shade-tolerant species is selected. The ratio of the mixed species is adjusted according to the differences in light and humidity along the slope. Positive pioneer species require full sun and are drought-tolerant, such as Robinia pseudoacacia and / or Pinus massoniana. Shade-tolerant species are moisture-tolerant, such as one or more of Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Phoebe nanmu, and Baldcypress. On sunny slopes, a ratio of positive pioneer species to shade-tolerant species is 8:2; on shady slopes, a ratio of positive pioneer species to shade-tolerant species is 5:5; and in transition zones, a ratio of positive pioneer species to shade-tolerant species is 6:4.

[0071] Step 4-2: Select leguminous nitrogen-fixing species for planting in the shrub layer structure. In arid and semi-arid areas, Robinia pseudoacacia and Caragana korshinskii are combined to form a composite shrub. In humid and rainy areas, typical leguminous plants are selected, such as Amorpha fruticosa or Indigofera chinensis.

[0072] Step 4-3: Select and plant herbaceous plants with strong adaptability in the herbaceous layer structure. The herbaceous plants with strong adaptability are one or more of Ophiopogon japonicus, Pilea corylifolia, and lawn grass. The lawn grass is Kentucky bluegrass and / or ryegrass.

[0073] The soil-fixing, water-retaining and drainage structure adopted by the present invention is simple in materials and can make good use of fire waste after burning. It is economical and easy to implement, has good bearing capacity, and also has the advantages of being ecologically friendly and highly stable. It can effectively solve the problem of difficult ecological recovery after a fire and provide a stable growth environment for plants. The structure also expands the scope of application of ecological restoration of slopes after a fire and can better adapt to slopes with a slope of ≤60°.

[0074] The three-layer structure of tree structure, shrub structure and herb structure is set up to make the ecological structure reasonable, thereby accelerating ecological recovery. Certain recesses are left in the tree layer to store water, which greatly improves the survival rate of trees, saves vegetation costs and enhances the sustainability of ecological benefits.

[0075] The tree layer and the herb layer are connected by a gravel layer. The soil layer in the tree layer contains herb ash, charcoal, organic fertilizer, etc. It has a loose structure, strong water retention capacity, and contains basic nutritional elements for plant growth, which is especially suitable for vegetation rooting and germination.

[0076] The plant configuration mainly composed of native plants can adapt better to the local environment, greatly reduce maintenance costs, and can blend naturally with the surrounding environment; in addition, priority is given to perennial tree plants such as deep-rooted and barren-resistant native trees (taking Yunnan as an example, Yunnan pine, camphor, etc. can be used) and highly adaptable evergreen soil-fixing tree species (taking Yunnan as an example, Indian osmanthus, spruce, etc. can be used), which have extremely strong survival characteristics. At the same time, they are matched with the shrub layer and the herb layer to form a stable and functional three-layer structure of tree structure, shrub structure and herb structure, with significant ecological restoration effect and good sustainability.

[0077] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for repairing the ecological structure of a slope under the background of forest burning, characterized in that: The repair method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Clear the burned vegetation and slopes; Step 2: Reorganize the burned slope surface to determine the formation of a three-layer vegetation structure, namely, a tree structure, a shrub structure, and a herb structure; Step 3: Construct six soil structures and penetrate the gravel layer on the slope to form a water supply and drainage network to achieve global water supply and drainage functions; Step 4: Select different vegetation species for planting based on the actual situation of the area and in combination with the three-layer vegetation structure.

2. The method for repairing the slope ecological structure under the background of forest burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps for cleaning the burned vegetation and slope in step 1 are: first, classify and organize the burning residues including broken wood and branches, and herbal ash, then clean the surface burned and hardened soil, i.e., old soil, and finally dig out a part of the bottom soil, i.e., new soil, for later use.

3. The method for repairing the slope ecological structure under the background of forest burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 2, the tree structure, shrub structure and herb structure are connected by the gravel layer; the tree structure is the tree layer, the shrub structure is the shrub layer, and the herb structure is the herb layer. The tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer constitute the ecological structure of the slope.

4. The method for repairing the slope ecological structure under the background of forest burning according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The shrub layer is composed of shrubs, and the herb layer is composed of grasses and trees.

5. The method for repairing the slope ecological structure under the background of forest burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 2, the tree structure is a deep pit structure and is lower than the slope surface, leaving a distance of 0.4-0.8m from the slope surface for water retention.

6. The method for repairing the slope ecological structure under the background of forest burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step 2: Step 2-1: Adopt a stepped layering design based on the length of the slope, setting a herb layer every 2-3 meters along the longitudinal direction of the slope to form a multi-level herb community. The longitudinal direction is from the top of the slope to the foot of the slope or from the foot of the slope to the top of the slope; Step 2-2: Dig tree planting pits along the slope. The tree layer should be a 1m×1m square hole with a depth of 1.5-2m and a longitudinal excavation width of 1m. Step 2-3: The distance between adjacent tree layers on the slope is kept at 2-3m, and shrubs are planted in between to form a three-dimensional configuration system of trees, shrubs and herbs; Step 2-4: After locating the different vegetation structure layers, start digging the soil. Dig the tree layer first. The tree layer is a 1m×1m square planting hole with a depth of 1.5m-2m to reserve for planting trees. When excavating the tree layer, in order to ensure that the tree layers are connected to each other vertically, it is necessary to penetrate the gravel layer at the bottom to form a longitudinal water supply and drainage channel. In order to maintain the horizontal connection between the tree layers, it is necessary to penetrate the adjacent tree layers horizontally. The excavation width is 0.5m and the excavation depth is the same as the depth of the tree layer. Lay a gravel layer at the bottom and backfill.

7. The method for repairing the slope ecological structure under the background of forest burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The six soil structures in step 3 constitute the vertical structure of the tree layer soil, which are, from bottom to top, old soil, small gravel and crushed stone, large gravel and crushed stone, broken wood and branches, mixed soil layer, and organic improved soil layer.

8. The method for repairing the slope ecological structure under the background of forest burning according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The old soil is the surface burned and hardened soil, the particle size of small gravel is 5-20mm, the particle size of large gravel is 20-50mm, the small gravel and large gravel constitute the particle size graded gravel layer, the broken wood and branches are the residual wood that has not been fully burned, the mixed soil layer is composed of herb ash, charcoal, and new soil in a mass ratio of 1:2:7, the organic improved soil layer is composed of organic fertilizer and new soil in a mass ratio of 1:9, the old soil, small gravel, large gravel, broken wood and branches, mixed soil layer, and organic improved soil layer constitute a multi-level composite structure of the soil; the broken wood and branches, herb ash, charcoal and old soil are all obtained by cleaning the burned vegetation and slope surface in step 1; the new soil is the bottom soil of the original slope surface that is not affected by the fire; water retaining sills with a width and height of 0.2-0.3m are left on the horizontal side edges and the longitudinal outer edge of the slope surface to prevent soil and water loss.

9. The method for repairing the slope ecological structure under the background of forest burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step 3: Step 3-1: Design the tree layer into a six-layer structure. The six layers are laid from bottom to top. The thickness of the bottom five layers is the same, which is 0.2m-0.3m. The surface hardened soil after burning, i.e. old soil, is laid first. Step 3-2: Lay small gravel and crushed stone and extend it longitudinally to the slope surface. The slope of the extended part should be consistent with the slope surface, and small gravel and crushed stone should be laid on the extended part; Step 3-3: Continue laying gravel and crushed stones in the tree layer and extend it longitudinally to the slope surface. The slope of the extended part should be consistent with the slope surface, and gravel and crushed stones should be laid in the extended part; Step 3-4: Then, on the gravel of the tree layer, a mixture of positive pioneer species and shade-tolerant species is selected. The mixing ratio is adjusted according to the differences in light and humidity along the slope. The positive pioneer species are Robinia pseudoacacia and / or Masson pine, and the shade-tolerant species are one or more of Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Phoebe nanmu, and Baldcypress. Step 3-5: Lay a layer of broken wood and branches and a layer of mixed soil in the tree layer from bottom to top; Step 3-6: Finally, cover with an organic improved soil layer with a thickness of at least 0.2m, of which organic fertilizer accounts for 10% to ensure nutrient supply while avoiding over-nutrition. The organic fertilizer is a fermentation product of poultry manure.

10. The method for repairing the slope ecological structure under the background of forest burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step 4: Step 4-1: For the tree structure, a mixture of positive pioneer species and shade-tolerant species is selected. The mixed ratio is adjusted according to the differences in light and humidity along the slope. Positive pioneer species require full sunlight and are drought-tolerant, such as Robinia pseudoacacia and / or Masson pine. Shade-tolerant species are moisture-tolerant, such as one or more of Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Phoebe nanmu, and Baldcypress. On sunny slopes, a ratio of positive pioneer species to shade-tolerant species is 8:

2. On shady slopes, a ratio of positive pioneer species to shade-tolerant species is 5:

5. In transition zones, a ratio of positive pioneer species to shade-tolerant species is 6:

4. Step 4-2: Select leguminous nitrogen-fixing species for shrub structure planting. In arid and / or semi-arid areas, Robinia pseudoacacia and Caragana korshinskii can be combined to form a composite shrub. In humid and rainy areas, typical leguminous plants such as Amorpha fruticosa or Indigofera chinensis can be selected. Step 4-3: Selecting herbaceous plants with strong adaptability for planting in the herbaceous structure, the selected herbaceous plants with strong adaptability are one or more of Ophiopogon japonicus, Pilea corylifolia, and lawn grass, and the lawn grass is Kentucky bluegrass and / or ryegrass.

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