Synergistic attractant for holotrichia parallela and ponceau and pheromone light source trapping method of synergistic attractant

Abstract

The invention discloses a synergistic attractant for Holotrichia parallela and Artemisia cordata and a pheromone light source trapping method of the synergistic attractant, and belongs to the technical field of pest trapping. On the basis of sex attractants (L-isoleucine methyl ester and linalool), diethyl phthalate and benzyl alcohol are added, a synergistic attractant with a remarkable attraction effect on holotrichia parallela and ponceau is formed, and all the components have a synergistic effect. Meanwhile, the synergistic attractant has a low attraction effect on field dominant natural enemies such as harmonia axyridis, orius minutus and propylaea japonica in the growth period of peanuts, and is very friendly. Besides, a synergistic attractant and light trapping (380-385nm) are combined, so that more remarkable trapping of the holotrichia parallela and the largetria corpulenta is realized, and an efficient and environment-friendly pheromone light trapping technology is finally developed. The trapping technology has an excellent trapping effect on holotrichia parallela and Lonicera corpulenta, and is friendly to natural enemies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pest trapping, and particularly relates to a synergistic attractant for scarab beetles and copper beetles and a pheromone light source trapping method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Both the dark-gilled scarab beetle and the copper green scarab beetle belong to the Scarabaeidae family of the order Coleoptera. They are important underground pests in the northern region. They can eat leaves and fruits, causing serious damage to crop production.

[0003] The dark-gilled scarab beetle and the copper green scarab beetle are two types of pests with strong phototaxis. Traditional insecticidal lamps are very effective in attracting them. However, due to the wide range of the attracting wavelength, they cannot distinguish between friend and foe, and because the collection device is unscientific, a large number of natural enemy insects are killed by mistake, which reduces the ecological effect of the field promotion of insecticidal lamps.

[0004] The development of sex attractants (pheromones) holds significant promise for trapping insect pests. Previous research has shown that ingredients such as L-isoleucine methyl ester and linalool can be used as sex attractants for the scarab beetle (CN101627757A). While these attractants are highly effective for male scarab beetles during mating time (7:00 PM to 9:00 PM), they are less effective for attracting females. Because females lay eggs and reproduce, improving their attraction is crucial for scarab beetle control. Furthermore, a sex attractant for the scarab beetle remains undeveloped, making field trapping and killing the scarab beetle a challenge.

[0005] As can be seen from this, while sex and light trapping are two relatively mature individual technologies for the dark-bellied scarab beetle, they each have their own limitations due to their different trapping mechanisms. For example, light trapping is less sensitive to the dark-bellied scarab beetle in its early stages than sex trapping, thus missing early-stage pest populations in the field, which are often important egg-laying mothers. Sex trapping, on the other hand, attracts very few females and only attracts males during the one- to two-hour mating period. For the copper beetle, there is currently no effective sex attractant. While light trapping can trap the copper beetle, its advantages and disadvantages are similar to those of the dark-bellied scarab beetle. Therefore, developing an efficient and environmentally friendly trapping technology for both dark-bellied scarab beetles (male and female) and copper beetles, based on the biological characteristics of the pests, aims to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides and achieve targeted control, which has important value for agricultural promotion and application. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the fact that the dark-bellied beetle is the main insect that causes harm to farmland during production, while the copper beetle accounts for a relatively small proportion, the present invention considers screening and adding attractant substances that are active against the copper beetle and the dark-bellied beetle on the basis of the existing sex attractant of the dark-bellied beetle, and adding a light source with a specific wavelength to broaden the sex and number of the dark-bellied beetles attracted, while increasing the number of the copper beetles attracted. At the same time, the wavelength difference with the natural enemy and the trapping device are fully considered to reduce the damage to the natural enemy insects, forming a natural enemy-friendly dark-bellied beetle and copper beetle pheromone light luring and trapping technology, thereby achieving maximum trapping of the two types of beetles.

[0007] The invention provides a synergistic attractant, which consists of a sex attractant and a plant component; the sex attractant is L-isoleucine methyl ester and linalool; and the plant component is selected from one or two of diethyl phthalate and benzyl alcohol.

[0008] In a specific embodiment, the synergistic attractant consists of a sex attractant and diethyl phthalate, and the mass ratio of the sex attractant to diethyl phthalate is 1:1; wherein, the sex attractant consists of L-isoleucine methyl ester and linalool in a mass ratio of 6:1.

[0009] In a specific embodiment, the synergistic attractant consists of a sex attractant and benzyl alcohol, and the mass ratio of the sex attractant to benzyl alcohol is 1:1; wherein the sex attractant consists of L-isoleucine methyl ester and linalool in a mass ratio of 6:1.

[0010] In a specific embodiment, the synergistic attractant is composed of a sex attractant, diethyl phthalate and benzyl alcohol, and the mass ratio of the sex attractant, diethyl phthalate and benzyl alcohol is 1:1:1; wherein the sex attractant is composed of L-isoleucine methyl ester and linalool in a mass ratio of 6:1.

[0011] The present invention provides the use of the synergistic attractant in trapping the dark-gilled scarab beetle and / or the copper green scarab beetle.

[0012] The present invention provides a pheromone light source trapping method for dark-gilled scarab beetles and / or copper-green scarab beetles, which combines the above-mentioned synergistic attractant with light lure to enhance the trapping effect on dark-gilled scarab beetles and / or copper-green scarab beetles.

[0013] In a specific embodiment, the pheromone light source trapping method comprises the following steps: Hang a light source on the trap and add a synergistic attractant to the trap to trap the dark-gilled scarab beetle and the copper green scarab beetle during their active period.

[0014] In the above pheromone light source trapping method, the light wavelength of the light source is 380-385nm.

[0015] In the above pheromone light source trapping method, the dosage of the synergistic attractant is selected from 50 to 300 mg, preferably 180 mg.

[0016] In the above pheromone light source trapping method, the activity period of the dark-gilled scarab beetle and the copper-green scarab beetle is from 7 pm to 6 am the next day; the dark-gilled scarab beetle is unearthed every other day, and the copper-green scarab beetle is unearthed every day.

[0017] In the above pheromone light source trapping method, the trap is a funnel-shaped trap.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention combines sex attractants (L-isoleucine methyl ester and linalool) with diethyl phthalate and benzyl alcohol to create a synergistic attractant with significant attractant effects against the dark-bellied beetle and the copper beetle. The components exhibit a synergistic effect. Furthermore, this synergistic attractant exhibits low attractant effects against dominant field predators during the peanut growing season, such as the axyridis, the small flower bug, and the propylaea, making it very friendly to the attractant. Furthermore, the invention combines this synergistic attractant with a light attractant (380-385nm) to achieve even more effective trapping of the dark-bellied beetle and the copper beetle, ultimately developing a highly efficient and environmentally friendly pheromone light trapping technology. This trapping technology exhibits excellent trapping effects against the dark-bellied beetle and the copper beetle while being friendly to their natural enemies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a scene map of the combined application of light attractant and sex attractant synergist; Figure 2 This is a photo of the on-site use of light lures and yellow boards to trap scarab beetles, multicolored ladybirds, and toy beetles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The other materials used in the present invention, unless otherwise stated, can be obtained through commercial channels. Unless otherwise specified, other terms used in the present invention generally have the meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific examples and data. The following examples are merely for illustration of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

[0021] Example 1 Single-dose screening test of plant-derived components: Six single-dose entrapments were used to attract the dark-bellied beetle and the copper beetle, each containing 180 mg of a single dose. Traps were counted between 7:00 PM and 6:00 AM on the day the dark-bellied beetle and the copper beetle emerged from the ground. The experiment was replicated three times, conducted on three separate nights.

[0022] The test results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Screening results of single-dose plant-derived components As shown in Table 1, diethyl phthalate and benzyl alcohol have the best attractant effects on the dark-gilled scarab beetle and the copper green scarab beetle. Therefore, these two single agents were selected to be matched with sex attractants to develop a new attractant composition.

[0023] Example 2 Synergistic test of plant-derived components and sex pheromones: In order to verify the synergistic effect of the combination of plant components (diethyl phthalate, benzyl alcohol) and sex attractants (L-isoleucine methyl ester and linalool) on the dark-gilled beetle and the copper green beetle, they were mixed with sex attractants. The design of each group is as follows: Treatment group (1): sex attractant (L-isoleucine methyl ester + linalool, 6:1); Treatment group (2): diethyl phthalate; Treatment group (3): benzyl alcohol; Treatment group (4): sex attractant + diethyl phthalate (1:1); Treatment group (5): sex attractant + benzyl alcohol (1:1); Treatment group (6): diethyl phthalate + benzyl alcohol (1:1); Treatment group (7): sex attractant + diethyl phthalate + benzyl alcohol (1:1:1); Trapping experiments were conducted between 7:00 PM and 6:00 AM on the day the dark-gilled scarab beetle and the copper-green scarab beetle were unearthed, and the number of traps was counted the following morning. The dosage for all groups was 180 mg, and the ratios in parentheses are weight ratios. The experiment was replicated three times, conducted on three separate nights.

[0024] The test results are shown in Table 2: Table 2 The attractant effect of each treatment group As shown in Table 2, the sex attractant had a significant attraction effect primarily on male black beetles, while its attraction to females and A. corymbifera was relatively low. Mixing the sex attractant with the plant component significantly increased the number of male and female black beetles and A. corymbifera attracted, and the number of attractants was higher than when the sex attractant or the plant component were used alone. This suggests a synergistic effect between the sex attractant and the plant component. Relatively speaking, the three-component mixture was more effective than the two-component mixture.

[0025] Example 3 Trend test at different wavelengths: The LED lights manufactured by Qingdao Leyidi Electronics Co., Ltd. were used in groups of three, each emitting 100 lux. Three groups of three were emitting 300 lux. The experiment was conducted in the following seven wavelength ranges: (1) 360-375 nm; (2) 375-380 nm; (3) 380-385 nm; (4) 395-400 nm; (5) 400-405 nm; (6) 455-460 nm; and (7) 560-565 nm. Trapping experiments were conducted between 7:00 PM and 6:00 AM on the day the dark-gilled scarab beetle and the copper-green scarab beetle were unearthed. The number of beetles was counted the following morning. The experiment was repeated three times, conducted on three different nights.

[0026] The test results are shown in Table 3: Table 3 The attractant effect of each treatment group As shown in Table 3, female dark-gilled beetles are most sensitive to wavelengths between 380-385nm, while male dark-gilled beetles are most sensitive to wavelengths between 380-385nm. Female copper beetles are relatively sensitive to wavelengths between 365-400nm, significantly higher than those between 400-405nm, 455-460nm, and 560-565nm. Male copper beetles are relatively sensitive to wavelengths between 365-400nm. Harmonious ladybirds are relatively sensitive to wavelengths between 365-400nm, with the best response being between 375-380nm. Small flower stink bugs are most sensitive to wavelengths between 400-405nm and 455-460nm.

[0027] Based on the above results, it can be seen that selecting a wavelength of 380-385nm can maximize the attraction of dark-gilled beetles and copper green beetles, and reduce the attraction of natural enemy insects (harmony-colored ladybirds, small flower stink bugs).

[0028] Example 4 Combined application of light attractant and synergistic attractant: Three LED light tubes were hung on the three sides of the trap, and 180 mg of synergistic attractant components (such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure), the trapping test was carried out from 7 pm on the day when the dark-gilled scarab beetle and the copper green scarab beetle were unearthed to 6 am the next day, for 5 consecutive nights, and the positions of the hanging beetles were random.

[0029] Set up the following groups: Treatment group (1): synergistic attractant [sex attractant + diethyl phthalate + benzyl alcohol (1:1:1)]; Treatment group (2): light attraction: light wavelength was 380-385 nm; Treatment group (3): synergistic attractant [sex attractant + diethyl phthalate + benzyl alcohol (1:1:1)] + light attractant (380~385nm).

[0030] The test results are shown in Table 4: Table 4 The attractant effect of each treatment group As shown in Table 4, the combination of light attractant and synergistic attractant has an obvious synergistic effect on attracting female and male dark-gilled beetles and copper green beetles.

[0031] However, although light luring has a certain effect on attracting A. axyridis and A. sylvatica, the number of lured insects is small because it is not the optimal wavelength for luring. In addition, combining light luring with a synergistic attractant does not significantly increase the number of lured A. axyridis and A. sylvatica. This shows that the luring method developed by the present invention is friendly to natural enemy insects.

[0032] Example 5 Based on the differences in the trapping effects of different trap types on natural enemies and non-target pests using 380-385nm light: Choose the six-layer funnel-shaped trap of scarab beetle, funnel-shaped + yellow board (such as Figure 2 The differences in trapping of natural enemies and non-target pests were compared between the triangular traps (shown) and the commonly used Noctuidae traps. The experiment was carried out for five consecutive nights, with trap counts taken from 6 pm every night to 6 am the next morning.

[0033] Set up the following groups: (1) Funnel-shaped; (2) Funnel-shaped + yellow board (a yellow board is placed every 90 degrees within a 1-meter range around the trap, for a total of 4); (3) Triangle-shaped.

[0034] The test results are shown in Table 5: Table 5 Trapping effect of each treatment group Adding yellow plates around the funnel-shaped trap can relatively truly reflect the actual situation. The funnel-shaped trap is not good at collecting small insects such as natural enemies, so after being lured in, the small insects can also escape.

[0035] As shown in Table 5, funnel-shaped traps are relatively safe against natural enemies such as the small flower bug, axyridis, and protea. Furthermore, they are also relatively safe against the non-target organism, Spodoptera exigua. Therefore, funnel-shaped traps are a viable option for trapping the dark-gilled scarab beetle and the copper-green scarab beetle.

[0036] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other manner. Any person skilled in the art may utilize the above-disclosed technical content to modify or modify the present invention into equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and modifications to the above embodiments that do not depart from the technical content of the present invention and are based on the technical essence of the present invention remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A synergistic attractant, characterized in that The invention consists of a sex attractant and plant components; the sex attractant is L-isoleucine methyl ester and linalool; and the plant components are selected from one or two of diethyl phthalate and benzyl alcohol.

2. The synergistic attractant according to claim 1, characterized in that The synergistic attractant consists of a sex attractant and diethyl phthalate, and the mass ratio of the sex attractant to diethyl phthalate is 1:1; wherein, the sex attractant consists of L-isoleucine methyl ester and linalool in a mass ratio of 6:

1.

3. The synergistic attractant according to claim 1, characterized in that The synergistic attractant consists of a sex attractant and benzyl alcohol, and the mass ratio of the sex attractant to benzyl alcohol is 1:1; wherein the sex attractant consists of L-isoleucine methyl ester and linalool in a mass ratio of 6:

1.

4. The synergistic attractant according to claim 1, characterized in that The synergistic attractant is composed of a sex attractant, diethyl phthalate and benzyl alcohol, and the mass ratio of the sex attractant, diethyl phthalate and benzyl alcohol is 1:1:1; wherein the sex attractant is composed of L-isoleucine methyl ester and linalool in a mass ratio of 6:

1.

5. Use of the synergistic attractant according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in trapping Holotrichia obesa and / or Anomala corydalis.

6. A pheromone light source trapping method for dark-gilled scarab beetles and / or copper green scarab beetles, characterized in that: The synergistic attractant according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is used in combination with a light attractant to enhance the trapping effect on the dark-gilled scarab beetle and / or the copper green scarab beetle.

7. The pheromone light source trapping method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pheromone light source trapping method comprises the following steps: Hang a light source on the trap and add a synergistic attractant to the trap to trap the dark-gilled scarab beetle and the copper green scarab beetle during their active period.

8. The pheromone light source trapping method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The light wavelength of the lamp source is 380-385nm.

9. The pheromone light source trapping method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The dosage of the synergistic attractant is selected from 50 to 300 mg, preferably 180 mg.

10. The pheromone light source trapping method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The activity period of the dark-gilled scarab beetle and the copper green scarab beetle is from 7 pm to 6 am the next day.

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