Intelligent composting treatment integrated equipment for kitchen garbage and treatment method

Abstract

The invention discloses kitchen garbage intelligent composting treatment integrated equipment and a use method, the kitchen garbage intelligent composting treatment integrated equipment comprises a pretreatment layer: a three-phase separation unit, which is internally integrated with cyclone separation and membrane filtration technologies, and realizes solid-liquid-oil three-phase efficient separation through a cyclone separator; the core processing layer is an intelligent fermentation cabin body which adopts a double-layer jacket structure, and a flexible aeration pipeline and a multi-channel temperature and humidity sensor array are arranged in the intelligent fermentation cabin body; the composite deodorization system comprises a low-temperature plasma generator, a bio-trickling filter and a photocatalytic oxidation device; the monitoring control layer comprises a microbiomics monitoring system which is provided with an in-situ DNA extraction module and a micro sequencer and is used for analyzing the change of a microbial community structure in fermentation; the compost quality intelligent evaluation system is integrated with a near infrared spectrum analyzer and an electronic nose sensor and is used for detecting the contents of organic matters and humic acid of the compost and the degree of decomposition; according to the resource recovery layer, a waste heat gradient utilization system is adopted, and fermentation waste heat is sequentially divided into a high-temperature section, a medium-temperature section and a low-temperature section for graded utilization through the heat pump technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of environmental protection equipment and intelligent control technology, and specifically to an integrated kitchen waste intelligent composting treatment device and treatment method that integrates multi-level modular design, dynamic microbial regulation and resource recycling, and is suitable for communities, catering concentrated areas and small and medium-sized organic solid waste treatment scenarios. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the amount of food waste generated has exploded. Its high moisture content and high organic matter content, if not properly handled, can easily lead to environmental problems such as leachate pollution in landfills and dioxin emissions from incineration plants. It also results in resource waste, and the conversion rate for reuse is either impossible or low. Traditional food waste treatment and reuse technologies have the following major drawbacks:

[0003] 1. The process is fragmented, with pretreatment, fermentation, and deodorization links being independent of each other. This leads to low integration, high energy consumption, and poor synergy. The risk of pollution during material transfer is high, and there is a lack of intelligent linkage between deodorization and fermentation, resulting in low efficiency and high processing costs.

[0004] 2. Extensive fermentation relies heavily on manual experience and lacks real-time microbial monitoring, which can easily lead to bacterial imbalance, a long decomposition cycle of 15-20 days, and compost organic matter fluctuations of ±10%, making the quality of the recycled fertilizer unstable.

[0005] 3. Deodorization is limited. Traditional processes have low removal rates for sulfides and volatile fatty acids. Furthermore, they have insufficient processing capacity for waste gases such as H2S and NH3 generated in the high-temperature range of 55-65°C, making it difficult to meet new environmental protection standards, resulting in poor air quality.

[0006] 4. Waste of resources: the grease and organic wastewater in kitchen waste are not recycled or not fully recycled, and the waste heat after fermentation is directly discharged, which has a great impact on the environment;

[0007] 5. Low intelligence. The original treatment equipment or system lacks multi-dimensional monitoring, such as microorganisms and compost quality. The unified fixed parameter operation is difficult to adapt to the differences in garbage characteristics, resulting in low treatment efficiency.

[0008] To provide a new solution for the efficient, environmentally friendly and resource-based treatment of kitchen waste, namely, to develop an integrated equipment and method for intelligent composting treatment of kitchen waste. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In response to the above deficiencies in the existing technology, the present invention provides an integrated device for intelligent composting treatment of kitchen waste and a method for use, which, through multi-level and layered treatment, achieves effective treatment of kitchen waste and recycling and reuse of effective substances such as energy.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical means:

[0011] An integrated equipment for intelligent composting of kitchen waste comprises a pretreatment layer, a core treatment layer, a monitoring and control layer, and a resource recovery layer. The pretreatment layer comprises three separation units, the core treatment layer comprises an intelligent fermentation cabin and a composite deodorization system, the monitoring and control layer comprises a microbiome monitoring system and a compost quality intelligent assessment system, and the resource recovery layer comprises a waste heat cascade utilization system.

[0012] Three-phase separation unit: It integrates cyclone separation and membrane filtration technology, and uses the cyclone separator to achieve efficient separation of the three phases of solid-liquid-oil after crushing the garbage, with an oil recovery rate of ≥90%;

[0013] Intelligent fermentation chamber: adopts a double-layer jacket structure, with flexible aeration pipes and a multi-channel temperature and humidity sensor array inside;

[0014] Composite deodorization system: includes low-temperature plasma generator, biological trickling filter and photocatalytic oxidation device in sequence;

[0015] Microbiome monitoring system: equipped with an in situ DNA extraction module and a microsequencer for real-time analysis of changes in microbial community structure during fermentation;

[0016] Compost quality intelligent assessment system: Integrates a near-infrared spectrometer and an electronic nose sensor to quickly detect compost organic matter, humic acid content, and maturity;

[0017] Waste heat cascade utilization system: Through heat pump technology, the fermentation waste heat is divided into a high temperature section of 60-80℃, a medium temperature section of 40-60℃ and a low temperature section of 20-40℃ for graded utilization.

[0018] Preferably, the cyclone separator of the three-phase separation pretreatment unit adopts an involute inlet design. After the kitchen waste crushed to ≤10mm is added to the cyclone separator, the insertion depth of the rear overflow pipe can be adjusted. The separation efficiency is increased by 15%-20% compared with the traditional design. The cyclone separator can separate solid particles ≥5μm.

[0019] Preferably, the flexible aeration pipe of the intelligent fermentation cabin is made of silica gel, and a micropore array is evenly distributed on the inner surface of the flexible aeration pipe. The diameter of the micropores is automatically adjusted with the change of internal air pressure to achieve uniform aeration, and the aeration uniformity is ≥95%.

[0020] Preferably, the low-temperature plasma generator of the composite deodorization system adopts a dual-dielectric barrier discharge structure, the discharge frequency of the low-temperature plasma generator is 10-20 kHz, and the removal rate of sulfide substances is ≥98%.

[0021] Preferably, the heat pump of the waste heat cascade utilization system adopts CO2 transcritical cycle technology, and the heating coefficient COP of the heat pump is ≥4.5, which saves more than 25% energy compared with the traditional heat pump system.

[0022] Preferably, the in situ DNA extraction module of the microbiome monitoring system adopts a magnetic bead method, which can complete the entire process from sample collection to DNA extraction within 30 minutes, and the DNA extraction efficiency is ≥85%.

[0023] Preferably, the electronic nose sensor array of the compost quality intelligent evaluation system comprises a plurality of gas-sensitive elements for identifying organic volatiles, can identify ≥20 types of volatile organic compounds, and has a maturity prediction accuracy of ≥90%.

[0024] A method for processing kitchen waste using an integrated intelligent composting device, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0025] Three-phase separation step: The kitchen waste is sent to the three-phase separation pretreatment unit for separation at 40-50°C to collect solid residue, organic wastewater and crude oil respectively;

[0026] Bioaugmented fermentation step: Based on the analysis results of the microbiome monitoring system, the solid residue is inoculated with functional microbial flora at an inoculum rate of 0.3%-0.5% w / w, while the dissolved oxygen content is controlled at 2%-6% through the aeration system of the intelligent fermentation chamber;

[0027] Dynamic deodorization steps: Dynamically adjust the operating parameters of the composite deodorization system based on the exhaust gas composition analysis results;

[0028] Intelligent maturity assessment steps: Compost parameters are monitored every 24 hours using the intelligent compost quality assessment system. When the characteristic peak of the near-infrared spectrum shows a cellulose content of ≤10% and the electronic nose detects a characteristic mature odor, the compost is determined to have reached maturity.

[0029] Waste heat recovery step: The heat generated during the fermentation process is recovered through the waste heat cascade utilization system to preheat the feed and maintain the fermentation temperature, achieving an energy self-sufficiency rate of ≥ 60%.

[0030] Preferably,

[0031] In the bioaugmented fermentation step, when the microbiome monitoring system detects that the relative abundance of Bacillus is ≥40%, the aeration intensity is reduced;

[0032] When the relative abundance of filamentous fungi was ≥25%, the ventilation frequency was increased to maintain the dynamic balance of the microbial community.

[0033] Preferably,

[0034] The crude oil collected in the three-phase separation step is subjected to an ester exchange reaction to prepare biodiesel, with a conversion rate of ≥96%;

[0035] Organic wastewater produces biogas through anaerobic fermentation, with a biogas yield of ≥0.4m 3 / kg COD, realizing full resource utilization of kitchen waste.

[0036] Beneficial effects of the metal pipe connector of the present invention:

[0037] 1. Equipment integration and high efficiency: This invention integrates pretreatment, core processing, monitoring and control, and resource recovery into an integrated device, solving the problems of traditional processing technology such as scattered equipment in each link and high energy consumption of material transportation. The integrated design of this invention effectively improves the overall processing efficiency;

[0038] 2. Precise Fermentation Control: Leveraging a microbiome monitoring system and PLC control, the aeration and turning parameters of the intelligent fermentation chamber are dynamically adjusted in real time based on bacterial flora data, such as the abundance of Bacillus and filamentous fungi. This reduces the composting cycle of food waste from the traditional 15-20 days to 10-12 days, while ensuring the stability of the compost's organic matter content and, consequently, the quality of the resulting recycled fertilizer.

[0039] 3. Highly efficient deodorization that meets standards: The composite deodorization system uses a three-stage process of low-temperature plasma, bio-trickling filtration, and photocatalytic oxidation, significantly improving the removal rate of sulfide substances and the overall deodorization efficiency, thereby ensuring that waste gas emissions meet and exceed national standards. At the same time, it effectively solves the problems of poor performance and frequent odor complaints caused by traditional deodorization processes;

[0040] 4. Resource recycling: The waste heat cascade utilization system uses the CO2 transcritical circulation heat pump to grade the fermentation waste heat, thereby improving the self-sufficiency rate of equipment operation energy; at the same time, the conversion rate of crude oil in kitchen waste to prepare biodiesel and the yield of biogas from anaerobic fermentation of organic wastewater are greatly improved, realizing the full resource utilization of kitchen waste, reducing resource waste and lowering operating costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the modular structure of the integrated equipment for intelligent composting of kitchen waste according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the processing method of the integrated equipment for intelligent composting of kitchen waste of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0046] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the specific working principle and use process of the integrated equipment for intelligent composting of kitchen waste of the present invention are as follows:

[0047] Working principle:

[0048] Three-phase separation and resource recovery principle: pretreatment layer and resource recovery layer work together

[0049] After the kitchen waste is crushed to ≤10mm in the pretreatment layer, it is added to the cyclone separator of the three-phase separation unit for treatment and separation. The solid residue enters the intelligent fermentation cabin of the core treatment layer, and the crude oil and organic wastewater enter the resource recovery layer for biodiesel production and anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas. The crude oil undergoes ester exchange reaction at 60-70℃ and 0.5% catalyst, with a conversion rate of ≥96%; the organic wastewater produces biogas at a rate of ≥0.4m under anaerobic fermentation conditions with a HRT of 20 days. 3 / kg COD, realizing full resource utilization.

[0050] Fermentation and control: linkage between core processing layer and monitoring and control layer

[0051] Supported by the monitoring and control layer's microbiome monitoring system and intelligent compost quality assessment system, the intelligent fermentation chamber dynamically adjusts parameters such as aeration and compost turning. When the microbiome monitoring system detects a relative abundance of Bacillus ≥40%, aeration intensity is reduced; when the relative abundance of filamentous fungi ≥25%, ventilation frequency is increased to maintain the dynamic balance of the microbial community. During fermentation, the compost temperature is controlled at 50-65°C via a heat pump jacket, and dissolved oxygen is maintained at 2-6% via flexible aeration ducting, ensuring efficient and stable fermentation and shortening the composting cycle to 10-12 days.

[0052] Deodorization and emission: cooperation between core treatment layer and resource recovery layer

[0053] The composite deodorization system dynamically adjusts operating parameters based on the temperature and composition of the fermentation waste gas. During the warming period, when temperatures are below 50°C, only the low-temperature plasma and bio-trickling filter are activated. During the high-temperature period, between 50°C and 65°C, a full three-stage deodorization process—low-temperature plasma, bio-trickling filter, and photocatalytic oxidation—is activated. During the aging period, when temperatures are below 50°C, only the bio-trickling filter operates, reducing energy consumption by 40%.

[0054] The removal rate of various substances in the final exhaust gas, such as sulfides ≥ 98%, NH3 removal rate ≥ 95%, and volatile organic compound removal rate ≥ 95%, is improved, and the comprehensive deodorization efficiency is improved. At the same time, the waste heat of fermentation is recovered through the waste heat cascade utilization system and graded for preheating feed and maintaining fermentation temperature. The energy self-sufficiency rate is ≥ 60%, achieving the dual goals of environmental protection and energy saving.

[0055] Specific implementation steps:

[0056] Preprocessing layer operation stage:

[0057] As attached Figure 2 As shown, the kitchen waste is crushed to a diameter of less than 10mm and then enters the three-phase separation unit. Using cyclone separation and membrane filtration technology, solid-liquid-oil three-phase separation is achieved at 40-50°C and an inlet flow rate of 3-5m / s; the solid residue is dehydrated by ultrafiltration and mixed with straw powder in a ratio of 3:1 and inoculated with 0.3-0.5% w / w functional bacteria to prepare for subsequent fermentation; the crude oil and organic wastewater enter the resource recovery link for biodiesel preparation and anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas respectively.

[0058] Core processing layer operation stage:

[0059] Fermentation stage: In the intelligent fermentation chamber, multi-channel temperature and humidity sensors monitor parameters such as temperature, humidity, and dissolved oxygen, as well as microbiome data, in real time and provide feedback to the PLC controller. Based on the microbiome monitoring system's analysis of the bacterial community structure, for example, when the relative abundance of Bacillus is ≥40%, the PLC controller flexibly adjusts the aeration pipe pressure to 0.05-0.2MPa and the micropore diameter to 0.1-0.5mm, while simultaneously reducing the aeration intensity to control aeration uniformity to ≥95%.

[0060] When the relative abundance of filamentous fungi is ≥25%, the ventilation frequency is increased, and the pile temperature is maintained between 50℃-65℃ through the heat pump jacket, and the dissolved oxygen content is between 2-6% to ensure efficient and stable fermentation.

[0061] Deodorization stage: Fermentation waste gas adopts different deodorization processes at different stages according to temperature and composition:

[0062] The warming period is 1-3 days, that is, when the temperature is less than 50℃, only the low-temperature plasma and the bio-trickling filter are turned on;

[0063] The high temperature period is 4-8 days, that is, the temperature is between 50℃-65℃, and the three-stage deodorization process is fully started;

[0064] During the aging period, the equipment operates for 9-10 days with the temperature below 50°C. Only the biotrickling filter operates, which can reduce energy consumption by 40% while effectively removing pollutants in the exhaust gas and ensuring that emissions meet standards.

[0065] Monitoring and control layer operation phase:

[0066] Microbiome monitoring system: Pile samples are collected every 48 hours, and the magnetic bead method and microsequencer are used through an in situ DNA extraction module to analyze the microbial community structure, such as the abundance of Bacillus and filamentous fungi. The data is fed back to the PLC controller to adjust fermentation parameters such as aeration intensity and turning frequency to maintain the dynamic balance of the bacterial community.

[0067] Intelligent compost quality assessment system: Every 24 hours, a near-infrared spectrometer is used to detect cellulose content ≤ 10% and an electronic nose sensor array is used to detect characteristic mature odor ≥ 80%. These two indicators are used to determine the maturity of the compost. Compost that meets the standards is packaged and shipped out, while compost that does not meet the standards is returned to the fermentation chamber for extended processing.

[0068] Resource recovery layer operation phase:

[0069] Waste heat cascade utilization system: Through the CO2 transcritical circulation heat pump, the fermentation waste heat is graded into a high-temperature section of 60℃-80℃, preheating the feed to 40℃-50℃, a medium-temperature section of 40℃-60℃, maintaining the fermentation chamber temperature and the low-temperature section at 20℃-40℃. Insulation protection equipment needs to be added to the equipment room, so that the energy self-sufficiency rate is ≥60%, which saves more than 25% energy compared to traditional heat pumps.

[0070] Utilization of crude oil and organic wastewater: The conversion rate of crude oil to biodiesel through transesterification reaction is ≥96%; the biogas yield of organic wastewater through anaerobic fermentation is ≥0.4m 3 / kg COD, calorific value ≥21MJ / m 3 , realizing full-chain resource recycling.

[0071] Advantages of modular integration: Figure 1 The hierarchical architecture diagram illustrates the system's modular design, with each module clearly defined and efficiently coordinated. The three-phase separation unit in the pretreatment layer, the intelligent fermentation chamber and composite deodorization system in the core treatment layer, the microbiome monitoring and compost quality assessment system in the monitoring and control layer, and the waste heat cascade utilization system in the resource recovery layer are tightly connected through data and material flows, forming an organic whole. This improves equipment integration and operational stability, reduces floor space by 40%, and lowers system energy consumption by 35%.

[0072] Advantages of intelligent control: combined with Figure 2 The process flow chart, which links the monitoring and control layer with the core processing layer, achieves dynamic optimization of the fermentation process. The microbiome monitoring system provides real-time feedback on bacterial flora data, while the intelligent compost quality assessment system monitors compost parameters in real time. The PLC controller adjusts aeration, turning, and other parameters based on this data, shortening the composting cycle to 10-12 days, maintaining a stable compost organic matter content of ≥45%, and maintaining product quality fluctuations of ≤±2%, significantly improving processing efficiency.

[0073] Environmental protection and resource recycling advantages: Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 The three-stage deodorization process of the composite deodorization system ensures that the waste gas is discharged in compliance with the standards, the waste heat cascade utilization system realizes the recycling of energy, and the resource utilization of crude oil and organic wastewater, truly realizing the "zero waste" full resource treatment of kitchen waste, in line with the green development concept, and significantly improving the environmental and economic benefits.

[0074] For ordinary technicians in the field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here, and the obvious changes or modifications derived from them are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated equipment for intelligent composting of kitchen waste, characterized in that: It includes a pretreatment layer, a core treatment layer, a monitoring and control layer, and a resource recovery layer. The pretreatment layer includes three separation units, the core treatment layer includes an intelligent fermentation cabin and a composite deodorization system, the monitoring and control layer includes a microbiome monitoring system and a compost quality intelligent evaluation system, and the resource recovery layer includes a waste heat cascade utilization system. Three-phase separation unit: It uses integrated cyclone separation and membrane filtration technology, and uses a cyclone separator to achieve efficient separation of the solid-liquid-oil three phases of the crushed garbage; Intelligent fermentation chamber: adopts a double-layer jacket structure, with flexible aeration pipes and a multi-channel temperature and humidity sensor array inside; Composite deodorization system: includes low-temperature plasma generator, biological trickling filter and photocatalytic oxidation device in sequence; Microbiome monitoring system: equipped with an in situ DNA extraction module and a microsequencer for real-time analysis of changes in microbial community structure during fermentation; Compost quality intelligent assessment system: Integrates a near-infrared spectrometer and an electronic nose sensor to quickly detect compost organic matter, humic acid content, and maturity; Waste heat cascade utilization system: Through heat pump technology, the fermentation waste heat is divided into three temperature ends: high temperature section 60-80℃, medium temperature section 40-60℃ and low temperature section 20-40℃ for graded utilization.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The cyclone separator of the three-phase separation pretreatment unit adopts an involute inlet design, the insertion depth of the overflow pipe is adjustable, and the cyclone separator can separate solid particles ≥5μm.

3. The integrated intelligent composting equipment for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible aeration pipe of the intelligent fermentation cabin is made of silica gel. The inner surface of the flexible aeration pipe is evenly distributed with a micropore array, and the diameter of the micropores is automatically adjusted as the internal air pressure changes, thereby achieving uniform aeration.

4. The integrated intelligent composting equipment for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature plasma generator of the composite deodorization system adopts a dual-dielectric barrier discharge structure, and the discharge frequency of the low-temperature plasma generator is 10-20 kHz.

5. The integrated intelligent composting equipment for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat pump of the waste heat cascade utilization system adopts CO2 transcritical cycle technology, and the heating coefficient COP of the heat pump is ≥4.

5.

6. The integrated intelligent composting equipment for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The in situ DNA extraction module of the microbiome monitoring system adopts a magnetic bead method and can complete the entire process from sample collection to DNA extraction within 30 minutes.

7. The integrated intelligent composting equipment for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic nose sensor array of the compost quality intelligent evaluation system includes multiple gas sensors for identifying organic volatiles, and predicts the degree of corrosion by identifying multiple types of volatile organic compounds.

8. A method for processing kitchen waste based on the integrated intelligent composting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Three-phase separation step: The kitchen waste is sent to the three-phase separation pretreatment unit for separation at 40-50°C to collect solid residue, organic wastewater and crude oil respectively; Bioaugmented fermentation step: Based on the analysis results of the microbiome monitoring system, functional microbial flora are inoculated into the solid residue, and the dissolved oxygen content is controlled between 2% and 6% through the aeration system of the intelligent fermentation chamber; Dynamic deodorization steps: Dynamically adjust the operating parameters of the composite deodorization system based on the exhaust gas composition analysis results; Intelligent maturity assessment steps: Compost parameters are monitored every 24 hours using the intelligent compost quality assessment system. When the characteristic peak of the near-infrared spectrum shows a cellulose content of ≤10% and the electronic nose detects a characteristic mature odor, the compost is determined to have reached maturity. Waste heat recovery step: The heat generated during the fermentation process is recovered through the waste heat cascade utilization system to preheat the feed and maintain the fermentation temperature.

9. The processing method of the integrated intelligent composting equipment for kitchen waste according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the bioaugmented fermentation step, when the microbiome monitoring system detects that the relative abundance of Bacillus is ≥40%, the aeration intensity is reduced; When the relative abundance of filamentous fungi was ≥25%, the ventilation frequency was increased to maintain the dynamic balance of the microbial community.

10. The processing method of the integrated intelligent composting equipment for kitchen waste according to claim 8, characterized in that: The crude oil collected in the three-phase separation step is subjected to an ester exchange reaction to prepare biodiesel; Organic wastewater is fermented anaerobically to produce biogas, realizing the full resource utilization of kitchen waste.

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