A basketball shooting scoring system and an infrared sensing mirror diffuse reflection detection method

Abstract

This application relates to the field of basketball sports technology, and discloses a basketball shooting scoring system and an infrared sensing specular diffuse reflection detection method. The system includes: an infrared emitting module for emitting infrared signals; an infrared receiving module for receiving reflected infrared signals; a specular reflection structure module for reflecting the infrared beam at a preset angle; a data acquisition module for acquiring the state of the reflected light signal; a trajectory analysis module for generating spectral data; and a scoring output module for displaying the shooting score in real time. The method includes: infrared signal emission; infrared signal reception and disturbance data generation; signal reflection and interference region formation; path disturbance matrix generation; trajectory analysis and feature extraction; trajectory determination and scoring feedback; and data recording and result output. This invention adopts a design combining an infrared emitting module and an infrared receiving module, which can accurately construct an infrared light path and capture the trajectory of a basketball shot.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of basketball sports technology, specifically to a basketball shooting scoring system and an infrared sensing mirror diffuse reflection detection method. Background Technology

[0002] Basketball, as a globally popular sport, often requires efficient and accurate shooting scoring systems in competitions and training to promptly determine whether a shot is successful. Traditional shooting scoring systems mostly rely on visual sensors, pressure sensors, or simple timing devices for evaluation. However, these systems often face challenges in terms of accuracy, stability, and real-time feedback in complex environments.

[0003] In existing basketball shooting scoring technologies, visual recognition and pressure sensors are widely used in scoring systems. Visual recognition technology primarily uses cameras to capture the shooting process and image processing technology to identify whether the basketball has entered the basket. Pressure sensors are often installed on the basket or the ground to monitor whether the basketball has successfully entered the basket. These technologies have made basketball shooting scoring feasible to a certain extent, especially in indoor courts. Visual recognition technology can relatively accurately capture the shooting trajectory, and pressure sensors can also relatively easily determine the entry action.

[0004] However, existing basketball shooting scoring technologies rely heavily on visual recognition, which is highly sensitive to lighting conditions. Especially in bright light or at night, the image capture efficiency of cameras drops significantly, affecting the accuracy and speed of the shooting trajectory. While pressure sensors can determine whether the ball has entered the basket to some extent, they struggle to accurately capture the ball's trajectory. This makes it difficult for the system to make accurate judgments in high-speed or varied shooting scenarios. Furthermore, existing systems suffer from significant real-time feedback delays, particularly during rapid shots, negatively impacting the user experience. Therefore, this invention provides a basketball shooting scoring system and an infrared-sensing specular diffuse reflection detection method to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a basketball shooting scoring system and an infrared sensing mirror diffuse reflection detection method, which solves the problems of light sensitivity, insufficient accuracy, and delayed real-time feedback in existing basketball shooting scoring technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a basketball shooting scoring system, comprising:

[0007] An infrared emitting module, located on the edge or inside of the basketball hoop, is used to emit infrared signals to construct an infrared path optical path;

[0008] The infrared receiving module is used to receive infrared signals reflected from the basketball hoop and the surrounding environment and form an infrared path signal array. The received infrared signals are compared with the preset signal path to generate signal disturbance data.

[0009] The mirror reflection structure module is set around or below the basketball hoop to reflect the infrared beam at a preset angle, and the light signal after the infrared beam is reflected forms an interference area based on the signal received by the receiving module.

[0010] The data acquisition module collects the state of the reflected light signal according to a preset time interval, and calculates the signal disturbance data through the fast Fourier transform algorithm to generate a path disturbance matrix;

[0011] The trajectory analysis module, based on the path perturbation matrix, uses time-series modeling and frequency domain feature extraction techniques to generate spectral data. It then calculates the weighted distance to determine whether the current signal constitutes a valid shooting action, thereby generating trajectory analysis results.

[0012] The scoring output module, based on the trajectory recognition results, activates the scoring feedback function of the display device or data platform by outputting a scoring command when the shot is determined to be valid, and displays the shot score in real time.

[0013] Preferably, the infrared emitting module includes:

[0014] Multiple infrared emitting units are evenly distributed on the inner edge or frame structure of the basketball hoop to emit multiple non-interfering infrared light signals, constructing a spatial infrared path optical path covering the basketball shooting area.

[0015] The optical path forming unit is used to control the emission direction and coverage area of ​​the infrared light signal through geometric arrangement, and to adjust the emission angle of the light signal according to the shape and size of the basketball hoop area.

[0016] The synchronization control unit is used to synchronously drive multiple infrared emitting units to emit light signals according to a preset timing and frequency.

[0017] Preferably, controlling the emission direction and coverage area of ​​the infrared light signal through geometric arrangement includes:

[0018] The emission direction of the infrared beam is controlled by geometric arrangement, and the radiation angle of the infrared beam is adjusted according to the actual needs of different basketball shooting areas.

[0019] Based on the changes in the shape and size of the basketball hoop and the shooting angle, the emission parameters of each infrared emitting unit are dynamically adjusted according to directional control to ensure that the shooting area is covered.

[0020] Preferably, the infrared receiving module includes:

[0021] A multi-channel infrared receiving unit is configured at different positions on the basketball hoop to synchronously receive infrared signals reflected back from the basketball hoop and the surrounding environment, forming an infrared path signal array.

[0022] The signal gain control unit is used to dynamically adjust the gain value according to the intensity of the received infrared signal to adapt to changes in signal strength under different lighting conditions or basketball sports conditions.

[0023] The noise suppression unit is used to dynamically adjust the noise filtering parameters according to the magnitude of signal disturbance, thereby eliminating background noise.

[0024] Preferably, the mirror reflection structure module includes:

[0025] A high-reflectivity mirror material unit is installed on the base plate or side wall below the basketball hoop to provide efficient infrared beam reflection, ensuring that the path of the reflected beam covers the shooting area.

[0026] An adjustable angle mounting structure unit is used to adjust the angle and position of the mirror reflective surface, and adjust the propagation direction of the reflected light path according to the shooting angle and position of the basketball;

[0027] The reflection path calibration unit is used to calibrate and optimize the reflection path to ensure that the light signal after the infrared beam is reflected is reflected to the infrared receiving module.

[0028] Preferably, the data acquisition module includes:

[0029] The high-frequency sampling unit is used to sample the state of the reflected light signal at a fixed sampling interval to capture subtle disturbances during motion.

[0030] The perturbation matrix generation unit is used to generate a path perturbation matrix based on the sampled signal difference data, and to arrange the signal perturbations in the time dimension.

[0031] The feature extraction interface unit is used to transmit the generated path perturbation matrix to the trajectory analysis module after standardization and data transformation.

[0032] Preferably, the trajectory analysis module includes:

[0033] The time series modeling unit is used to model the time series data in the path disturbance matrix and extract the dynamic change patterns of trajectory features.

[0034] The frequency domain feature extraction unit is used to extract the spectral features of infrared signals through frequency domain transformation, converting the infrared signals from the time domain to the frequency domain;

[0035] The trajectory discrimination unit is used to match the frequency domain features with the preset trajectory template, determine whether the current trajectory belongs to a valid shooting trajectory through weighted distance calculation, and output the trajectory analysis results.

[0036] Preferably, the conversion of the infrared signal from the time domain to the frequency domain includes:

[0037] The time-domain signal received from the infrared receiving module is converted to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform algorithm to extract the spectral features of the signal.

[0038] The converted frequency domain signal is filtered to remove irrelevant low-frequency or high-frequency noise while retaining the frequency components of the shooting trajectory.

[0039] By analyzing the amplitude, phase, and frequency characteristics in the frequency domain, dynamic patterns and interference signals during the shooting process are extracted.

[0040] Preferably, the scoring output module includes:

[0041] The determination and confirmation unit is used to determine whether the current shot meets the valid shot criteria based on the output trajectory recognition results, and to determine whether scoring needs to be activated.

[0042] The scoring signal generation unit is used to generate a scoring signal according to the preset scoring rules when the shot is judged to be valid, and output it to the display module or data platform through the interface to display the shot score in real time.

[0043] The data recording unit is used to record the score and signal characteristics of each shot, including the shot time, trajectory characteristics, and score timestamp information.

[0044] A method for detecting diffuse reflection from an infrared sensor on a basketball shot is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0045] Multiple infrared emitting units are evenly distributed around the edge or surrounding area of ​​the basketball hoop. Infrared beams are emitted by the infrared emitting units to construct an infrared path optical path covering the entire shooting area. The emission direction and coverage area are controlled by the geometric arrangement.

[0046] A mirror-reflective structural module is installed around or below the basketball hoop to reflect infrared beams. The reflection angle and position are adjusted by an adjustable angle mounting structural unit.

[0047] An infrared receiving module is set up to receive infrared signals reflected from the basketball hoop and the surrounding environment, and generate an infrared path signal array. The received signals are compared with the preset signal paths to generate signal disturbance data.

[0048] The reflected light signal state is sampled at high frequency at preset time intervals, and the signal disturbance data is calculated according to the fast Fourier transform algorithm to generate a path disturbance matrix.

[0049] Based on the path perturbation matrix, trajectory data is analyzed using time-series modeling and frequency domain feature extraction techniques. By calculating the weighted distance and frequency domain features, it is determined whether the current signal belongs to a valid shooting trajectory.

[0050] After a shot is deemed a valid shot, a scoring signal is generated by the scoring signal generation unit according to the preset scoring rules, and then output to the display module or data platform through the interface to display the shot score in real time.

[0051] This invention provides a basketball shooting scoring system and an infrared sensor for detecting diffuse reflection from a mirror.

[0052] It has the following beneficial effects:

[0053] 1. This invention employs a design combining an infrared emitting module and an infrared receiving module, enabling precise construction of the infrared optical path and capture of the basketball shooting trajectory. Through this innovative optical detection method, the system maintains high stability and accuracy even in complex environments. Compared to traditional visual sensors and pressure sensing technologies, this invention avoids the influence of changes in ambient light or obstructions, improving the accuracy and reliability of shot detection and overcoming the shortcomings of traditional technologies in accurately detecting shots outdoors or under strong light conditions.

[0054] 2. This invention introduces time series modeling and frequency feature extraction techniques, enabling precise dynamic analysis and frequency domain processing of shooting trajectories. Through comprehensive signal analysis, the system can efficiently identify and determine whether a shot is successful. Compared to traditional single data processing methods, this invention is more accurate in analyzing complex trajectories, especially in fast-moving and complex trajectory situations, providing real-time shooting judgments and overcoming the lag in response of traditional technologies in high-speed scenarios.

[0055] 3. This invention, through the collaborative work of the real-time judgment and confirmation unit and the scoring recording unit, ensures that the scoring record is immediately activated after a successful shot, and the result is displayed in real time through the display feedback unit. Compared with traditional feedback systems, this invention enhances the user experience through instant feedback and data synchronization, making the system response faster and more intuitive, and improving the interactivity and accuracy of the system.

[0056] 4. The high-frequency sampling and signal standardization technology of the data acquisition module of this invention enables the system to accurately record every minute change in motion, ensuring the high reliability of shooting data. Compared with traditional low-frequency sampling methods, this invention significantly improves the accuracy of capturing shooting motions through refined data acquisition and processing. Especially in cases of rapid changes in motion or frequent shooting within a short period of time, it can accurately identify the trajectory of motion, solving the technical bottleneck of traditional acquisition methods that cannot accurately reflect rapid movements. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method steps of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] Please see the appendix Figure 1 This invention provides a basketball shooting scoring system, comprising:

[0061] An infrared emitting module, located on the edge or inside of the basketball hoop, is used to emit infrared signals to construct an infrared path optical path;

[0062] The infrared receiving module is used to receive infrared signals reflected from the basketball hoop and the surrounding environment and form an infrared path signal array. The received infrared signals are compared with the preset signal path to generate signal disturbance data.

[0063] The mirror reflection structure module is set around or below the basketball hoop to reflect the infrared beam at a preset angle, and the light signal after the infrared beam is reflected forms an interference area based on the signal received by the receiving module.

[0064] The data acquisition module collects the state of the reflected light signal according to a preset time interval, and calculates the signal disturbance data through the fast Fourier transform algorithm to generate a path disturbance matrix;

[0065] The trajectory analysis module, based on the path perturbation matrix, uses time-series modeling and frequency domain feature extraction techniques to generate spectral data. It then calculates the weighted distance to determine whether the current signal constitutes a valid shooting action, thereby generating trajectory analysis results.

[0066] The scoring output module, based on the trajectory recognition results, activates the scoring feedback function of the display device or data platform by outputting a scoring command when the shot is determined to be valid, and displays the shot score in real time.

[0067] In this embodiment, the infrared emitting module is used to construct the infrared path optical path in the basketball shooting scoring system. Its main function is to achieve real-time detection of the basketball shooting process through the emission of infrared signals. The infrared emitting module emits infrared beams by arranging multiple infrared emitting units on or around the edge of the basketball hoop, forming an infrared path optical path that covers the basketball shooting area.

[0068] Typically, an infrared emitting module consists of multiple infrared emitting units, which are evenly distributed along the inner edge or frame of the basketball hoop. Their geometric arrangement controls the direction and coverage area of ​​the infrared beam. This ensures complete light signal coverage throughout the shooting area, achieving infrared sensing without blind spots. Each emitting unit controls its emission angle and intensity to ensure that the emitted infrared beam illuminates the designated shooting area and interacts with the reflective environment of the basketball hoop to generate a reflected signal.

[0069] Alternatively, the infrared emitting module can also control the emission direction by deploying an optical path forming unit. Specifically, the optical path forming unit is used to adjust the emission angle of the infrared beam according to the shape and size of the area where the basketball enters the basket, ensuring that the emitted light path can cover different angles and positions of the basketball shooting area, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of shot detection.

[0070] In one possible implementation, the infrared emitting module also includes a synchronization control unit. This unit is responsible for precisely driving multiple infrared emitting units to emit infrared light signals sequentially according to a preset timing and frequency. Timing control ensures that the emission of each infrared signal does not interfere with each other, thereby achieving clear and efficient infrared light path construction.

[0071] In this embodiment, each emitting unit of the infrared emitting module possesses high reliability and stability, enabling continuous operation in various environments. Compared to traditional cameras or pressure sensing technologies, the infrared emitting module offers lower costs and, because it eliminates the need for direct contact, avoids equipment wear and tear due to high-frequency use. Furthermore, the infrared emitting module is highly adaptable, capable of operating in various indoor and outdoor environments and adapting to different lighting conditions and environmental changes.

[0072] In some embodiments, the infrared emitting module can also integrate multiple infrared emitting units to emit infrared light signals of different wavelengths in a specific geometric arrangement, thereby enhancing the system's detection range and response sensitivity. These signals of different wavelengths will cover different spatial areas, and by cooperating with the infrared receiving module, they can accurately detect basketball shots and generate signal data.

[0073] In this embodiment, the infrared receiving module is used to receive infrared signals reflected from the basketball hoop and the surrounding environment, and form an infrared path signal array. It mainly receives infrared signals, generates signal perturbation data through signal processing, and provides reliable signal input.

[0074] Typically, the infrared receiving module is positioned at or around the edge of the basketball hoop, enabling it to comprehensively receive infrared signals from different directions, forming an infrared path signal array. Specifically, the received infrared signals are compared with a preset signal path to generate signal perturbation data. This process can be modeled using the following formula:

[0075] S received (t)=A·f(θ)·e -αt ;

[0076] In the formula, S received (t) represents the change in the intensity of the received infrared signal at time t; A is the initial intensity of the signal, usually determined by the power of the infrared transmitting module; f(θ) is a function related to the receiving angle θ, representing the directional attenuation of the signal; α is the attenuation coefficient, characterizing the energy loss of the signal during propagation in the air; t represents time; e -αt It represents a function that decreases exponentially as time t increases.

[0077] This reflects the attenuation process of the received signal under changes in time and angle. Specifically, when a signal propagates along different paths and is received at different angles, its intensity decreases with the passage of time and the increase of propagation distance. This attenuation process is crucial for calculating disturbance data.

[0078] The gain control unit dynamically adjusts the gain value based on the received signal strength to ensure accurate signal reception and processing. Its working principle involves adjusting the signal amplification factor by calculating the difference between the received signal strength and a preset threshold in real time. The gain adjustment formula can be expressed as:

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, G(t) is the gain value at time t; G max This is the maximum allowable gain value of the system; S received (t) is the signal strength received at time t; Sthreshold It is a preset signal strength threshold used to determine whether the current signal needs to be enhanced.

[0081] The signal gain is adjusted in real time by comparing the received signal strength with a preset threshold. If the received signal strength is lower than the preset threshold, the gain value will be increased, thereby improving the signal reception capability; if the signal strength is sufficient, the gain will be maintained or reduced to avoid interference or noise caused by an excessively strong signal.

[0082] To further improve signal accuracy, the infrared receiving module also includes a noise suppression unit that dynamically adjusts noise filtering parameters based on the magnitude of signal disturbance. The key to noise suppression lies in identifying and filtering out irrelevant noise signals by comparing the received signal with the expected signal. The noise suppression process can be described by the following formula:

[0083] S filtered (t)=S received (t)-N(t);

[0084] In the formula, S filtered (t) is the signal after noise filtering; S received S(t) is the original received signal; N(t) is the noise signal, representing the perturbation component that differs from the desired signal. The paper describes how to obtain a cleaner signal S by removing the noise N(t). filtered The noise signal N(t) is obtained by comparing it with historical data or expected signals, and its characteristics can be estimated based on the sliding window method or frequency domain analysis.

[0085] In addition to its basic functions of signal gain and noise suppression, the infrared receiver module can also adjust the sensitivity of the received signal according to different environmental and site conditions. For example, in environments with strong light or many obstructions, the receiver module can enhance the reception of weak signals to ensure accurate judgment of shooting actions.

[0086] In some embodiments, the infrared receiving module may also be equipped with multiple receiving units distributed at different locations on the basketball hoop, capable of receiving infrared signals propagating from different directions. These signals will form a complete infrared path signal array, further improving the sensing capability and accuracy of the entire detection system.

[0087] For the mirror reflection structure module, this embodiment innovatively employs a high-reflectivity mirror material unit, an adjustable-angle mounting structure unit, and a reflection path calibration unit. This aims to enhance the accuracy of the basketball shooting trajectory detection system through effective optical reflection. The function of the reflection structure module is to optimize the propagation of the optical path by reflecting external infrared light signals, ensuring that the signal is accurately transmitted to the receiving module, thereby achieving precise capture of the basketball's trajectory. By adjusting the angle of the reflection surface, the system can adjust the optical path according to different angles and positions of the basketball hoop, ensuring that the reflected signal is always in the optimal reception state.

[0088] In some embodiments, the highly reflective mirror material unit of the reflective surface structure module is installed on the bottom or side wall area of ​​the basketball hoop. The purpose of this design is to provide efficient infrared light reflection, ensuring that the reflected infrared signal covers the shooting path area of ​​the basketball, thereby enhancing the stability and accuracy of signal transmission. This design is uncommon in conventional technologies, as most systems rely directly on the simple application of reflection angles and materials. This invention, however, maximizes signal reflection efficiency by optimizing the selection of the reflective surface material and its installation location.

[0089] Specifically, adjusting the mounting angle of the high-reflectivity mirror material unit can further improve signal reflection efficiency. For example, when the position or angle of the basketball hoop changes, the reflective material unit can adjust the reflection angle in real time according to the trajectory of the basketball, ensuring that light always travels to the receiving module along the optimal path.

[0090] The adjustable-angle mounting unit adjusts the shooting angle of the reflector based on the specific position and angle of the basketball hoop. This angle adjustment function allows the reflector module to dynamically adjust the signal reflection path according to changes in the shooting motion, ensuring that every movement during the basketball shot is captured by the system. This technology overcomes the fixed-angle problem of traditional optical systems, enabling the system to flexibly respond to different sports scenarios and changes in the position of the basketball hoop.

[0091] The adjustment of the installation angle can be modeled using the following formula:

[0092]

[0093] In the formula, θ reflect h is the angle after the reflective surface has been adjusted. basket The height of the basketball hoop; d basket This is the horizontal distance between the reflective surface and the basketball hoop. This formula helps determine the adjustment angle of the reflective surface, thereby achieving optimal control of the signal path. By adjusting the angle, it can be ensured that the infrared beam is reflected stably and effectively during basketball movement.

[0094] The external infrared signal is amplified and accurately transmitted to the receiving module via the reflection path calibration unit. The light signal during the reflection process can be optimized using the following formula:

[0095] I reflect =I incident ·R;

[0096] In the formula, I reflect Indicates the intensity of the reflected light signal; I incident R is the intensity of the light signal incident on the reflecting surface; R is the reflectivity of the reflecting surface.

[0097] This formula shows that the intensity of signal reflection is closely related to the material and reflectivity of the reflecting surface. By optimizing the selection of the reflecting surface material, it is ensured that the signal intensity remains sufficient after reflection, avoiding signal attenuation during propagation and thus improving the overall system performance.

[0098] In this embodiment, the data acquisition module primarily receives signals from the reflective surface structure module, processes these signals, and converts them into high-frequency signal data. This enables the system to perform high-precision detection of minute movements during the basketball shooting process. The acquired signals provide data support for subsequent path analysis and system feedback, ensuring the real-time performance and accuracy of the basketball shooting scoring system.

[0099] The main task of the data acquisition module is to convert the signals transmitted from the reflective surface structure module and generate signal data that reflects the basketball shooting motion. Through high-frequency sampling, the data acquisition module can capture the minute movements of the basketball during the shooting process and generate corresponding trajectory data. This data, through further algorithmic processing, can accurately reflect the state of the basketball's motion and provide a reliable basis for subsequent analysis.

[0100] The data acquisition module includes a high-frequency sampling unit, a perturbation matrix generation unit, and a feature extraction interface unit. This unit is used to perform high-frequency sampling of the reflected signal state at fixed time intervals and convert the acquired signal into signal data that can be analyzed. Specifically, the high-frequency sampling unit can record signal changes at high frequencies and generate corresponding digital signal data.

[0101] By sampling the reflected signal at high frequency, this module can acquire a large amount of data in a very short time, ensuring that every tiny change in the basketball shooting process can be recorded and reflected in the data.

[0102] For high-frequency signal acquisition, the sampling frequency f sampling This is a key parameter that determines the accuracy of data acquisition. The sampling frequency can be expressed by the following formula:

[0103]

[0104] In the formula, f sampling The sampling frequency is represented by Hertz (Hz); N is the number of samples collected within the time interval Δt; Δt is the time interval for signal sampling, in seconds (s).

[0105] By setting an appropriate sampling frequency, the high-frequency sampling unit can ensure rapid signal acquisition and minimize signal loss or errors.

[0106] During data acquisition, the acquired signals typically need to be standardized to a format suitable for subsequent analysis. To this end, the data acquisition module uses the following standardization formula:

[0107]

[0108] In the formula, S normalized (t) represents the standardized signal strength; S raw (t) is the original signal strength acquired; S min and S max These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the signal data, respectively.

[0109] This standardization process normalizes the amplitude of the signal data to a uniform range, facilitating subsequent processing and analysis. This process ensures that the acquired data is unaffected by variations in the input signal amplitude, thus maintaining the consistency and reliability of the analysis results.

[0110] The data acquisition module transmits the acquired signal data to the subsequent analysis module via a high-speed interface. In some embodiments, the data acquisition module can also be linked with other sensors to further enhance the signal acquisition accuracy. By combining multiple data sources, the system can comprehensively process various signal data to provide more accurate motion analysis.

[0111] In one possible implementation, the data acquisition module, through tight integration with the control module, can respond in real time to changes in the shooting motion and dynamically adjust the signal acquisition process. This dynamic adjustment can optimize the sampling frequency and standardization process in real time according to different shooting motions, further improving the system's response speed and data accuracy.

[0112] In this embodiment, the trajectory analysis module primarily processes and analyzes the signal data transmitted from the data acquisition module. This module uses high-precision signal analysis and frequency domain conversion techniques to extract trajectory features during the basketball shooting process, thereby determining whether the shot was successful and outputting the trajectory analysis results. The design of the trajectory analysis module combines time series analysis and frequency feature extraction techniques to ensure accurate identification and analysis of the basketball trajectory.

[0113] The trajectory analysis module processes time-series data obtained from the data acquisition module. First, it performs preliminary data processing using time-series modeling methods to extract motion state features during the basketball shooting process. Next, a frequency feature extraction unit performs frequency domain transformation on the signal, further improving the accuracy of the signal analysis. Finally, the system determines the shooting trajectory based on the analysis results and classifies whether the shot was successful.

[0114] Time series modeling is a crucial step in the analysis module. It models the dynamic characteristics of the signal over time, reflecting the changes in the basketball's motion during the shooting process. This process can be modeled using the following formula:

[0115] X(t)=αX(t-1)+βU(t)+∈(t);

[0116] In the formula, X(t) represents the state variable at time t, i.e., the characteristic value of basketball motion; α is the autoregressive coefficient of the time series, describing the influence of past states on the current state; X(t-1) represents the state variable at time t-1; U(t) is the external input signal, such as the shooting force or angle; ∈(t) is the white noise term, representing the influence of random disturbances in the system; β represents the influence coefficient of the external input signal.

[0117] This formula describes the dynamic changes of a time series, allowing the system to predict the current motion state using historical data while continuously acquiring signals, thereby accurately describing the trajectory of the basketball.

[0118] The frequency feature extraction unit further performs frequency domain analysis on the signal to extract spectral information. These spectral characteristics reflect the rhythm and periodicity of the shooting motion. Frequency feature extraction can be achieved through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), converting the signal into frequency domain data for feature analysis.

[0119] The frequency conversion formula can be expressed as:

[0120]

[0121] In the formula, S(f) is the signal strength in the frequency domain, representing the signal component at frequency f; x(t) is the time-domain signal, i.e., the signal data collected during the basketball shooting process; T is the signal sampling period; t represents the time variable; e -j2πft dt is the complex exponential kernel function; dt is the infinitesimal increment of the integral variable.

[0122] Through frequency domain analysis, the system can extract the frequency components that affect the shooting trajectory and determine the periodicity and stability of the shooting action based on these components.

[0123] The trajectory discrimination unit compares the analyzed frequency characteristics with a preset standard model to determine whether the shot hit the target. The trajectory analysis module compares the actual collected trajectory data with the standard trajectory model to determine whether the shot has a valid hit probability.

[0124] The discrimination formula is as follows during trajectory analysis:

[0125]

[0126] In the formula, D represents the distance between the current trajectory and the standard trajectory model; x i ,y i These are the coordinates of the current trajectory; is the coordinate of the standard trajectory model; n is the number of trajectory data points. When D is less than the set threshold, it indicates that the current shooting trajectory is close to a valid trajectory, and the system determines the shot as successful. Otherwise, it is determined as a failure.

[0127] In this embodiment, the scoring output module is primarily responsible for outputting the shooting result and displaying feedback based on the analysis results from the trajectory analysis module. This module determines whether to activate the scoring record by judging whether the shooting criteria are met, and ultimately displays the feedback result on the user interface. The output module works closely with other modules to ensure that the system can reflect the success or failure of the shooting action in real time.

[0128] The task of the judgment and confirmation unit is to judge the shooting trajectory data output by the analysis module, confirm whether the shot meets the valid shooting criteria, and decide whether to activate the score record based on this. Specifically, the system compares the data according to preset standards to determine whether the current shooting trajectory meets the valid scoring requirements.

[0129] The judgment criteria can be expressed by the following formula:

[0130]

[0131] In the formula, ScoreFlag is the scoring flag; it is 1 if the shot is valid and 0 if the shot is invalid. D is the distance between the current shooting trajectory and the standard trajectory, calculated using the trajectory discrimination formula. ∈ is the allowable error threshold, representing the tolerance range of the shooting trajectory. If the shot is determined to be valid (i.e., D≤∈), the system will trigger the score recording and provide subsequent display feedback.

[0132] The scoring recording unit is responsible for recording the scoring information of valid shots. Whenever the judgment confirmation unit determines a shot is valid, the scoring recording unit stores the scoring information and updates the system's scoring data. The scoring recording unit's function is crucial, ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of the scoring information.

[0133] The score can be calculated using the following formula:

[0134] S(t) = S(t-1) + P;

[0135] In the formula, S(t) represents the total score at time t; S(t-1) is the score at the previous time; P is the score obtained from the current shot, usually 1 or 2 points, depending on whether the shot is made.

[0136] The primary task of the feedback display unit is to show the user the score record and shooting results. The user interface displays real-time feedback information about the shot, including whether the shot was successful and the score. This feature allows users to intuitively see the result of their shooting action and take further action.

[0137] The feedback display formula is:

[0138]

[0139] In the formula, Display(t) represents the shooting result information displayed at time t; ScoreFlag is calculated based on the aforementioned judgment and confirmation unit and determines the text information to be displayed; Success,+P points represents the feedback information when the shot is successful; t represents the time variable; P represents the number of points obtained in this shot; Fail,try again represents the feedback information when the shot fails.

[0140] The basketball shooting infrared sensor diffuse reflection detection method described below can be referred to in correspondence with the basketball shooting scoring system described above.

[0141] Please see the appendix Figure 2 The present invention also provides a method for detecting diffuse reflection from an infrared sensor on a basketball shot, comprising the following steps:

[0142] Multiple infrared emitting units are evenly distributed around the edge or surrounding area of ​​the basketball hoop. Infrared beams are emitted by the infrared emitting units to construct an infrared path optical path covering the entire shooting area. The emission direction and coverage area are controlled by the geometric arrangement.

[0143] A mirror-reflective structural module is installed around or below the basketball hoop to reflect infrared beams. The reflection angle and position are adjusted by an adjustable angle mounting structural unit.

[0144] An infrared receiving module is set up to receive infrared signals reflected from the basketball hoop and the surrounding environment, and generate an infrared path signal array. The received signals are compared with the preset signal paths to generate signal disturbance data.

[0145] The reflected light signal state is sampled at high frequency at preset time intervals, and the signal disturbance data is calculated according to the fast Fourier transform algorithm to generate a path disturbance matrix.

[0146] Based on the path perturbation matrix, trajectory data is analyzed using time-series modeling and frequency domain feature extraction techniques. By calculating the weighted distance and frequency domain features, it is determined whether the current signal belongs to a valid shooting trajectory.

[0147] After a shot is deemed a valid shot, a scoring signal is generated by the scoring signal generation unit according to the preset scoring rules, and then output to the display module or data platform through the interface to display the shot score in real time.

[0148] The method in this embodiment can be used to execute the above-described embodiments, and its principle and technical effects are similar, so they will not be repeated here.

[0149] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A basketball shooting scoring system, characterized in that, include: An infrared emitting module, located on the edge or inside of the basketball hoop, is used to emit infrared signals to construct an infrared path optical path; The infrared receiving module is used to receive infrared signals reflected from the basketball hoop and the surrounding environment and form an infrared path signal array. The received infrared signals are compared with the preset signal path to generate signal disturbance data. The mirror reflection structure module is set around or below the basketball hoop to reflect the infrared beam at a preset angle, and the light signal after the infrared beam is reflected forms an interference area based on the signal received by the receiving module. The data acquisition module is used to acquire the state of the reflected light signal according to a preset time interval, and to calculate the signal disturbance data and generate the path disturbance matrix through the fast Fourier transform algorithm. The trajectory analysis module is used to generate spectral data based on the path perturbation matrix using time-series modeling and frequency domain feature extraction techniques. It then calculates the weighted distance to determine whether the current signal is a valid shooting action, thereby generating trajectory analysis results. The scoring output module is used to activate the scoring feedback function of the display device or data platform by outputting a scoring instruction when the shot is determined to be a valid shot, based on the trajectory recognition results. This allows the score to be displayed in real time. The infrared emitting module includes: Multiple infrared emitting units are evenly distributed on the inner edge or frame structure of the basketball hoop to emit multiple non-interfering infrared light signals, constructing a spatial infrared path optical path covering the basketball shooting area. The optical path forming unit is used to control the emission direction and coverage area of ​​the infrared light signal through geometric arrangement, and to adjust the emission angle of the light signal according to the shape and size of the basketball hoop area. A synchronization control unit is used to synchronously drive multiple infrared emitting units to emit light signals according to a preset timing and frequency. The mirror reflection structure module includes: A high-reflectivity mirror material unit is installed on the base plate or side wall below the basketball hoop to provide efficient infrared beam reflection, ensuring that the path of the reflected beam covers the shooting area. An adjustable angle mounting structure unit is used to adjust the angle and position of the mirror reflective surface, and adjust the propagation direction of the reflected light path according to the shooting angle and position of the basketball; The reflection path calibration unit is used to calibrate and optimize the reflection path to ensure that the light signal after the infrared beam is reflected is reflected to the infrared receiving module. The scoring output module includes: The determination and confirmation unit is used to determine whether the current shot meets the valid shot criteria based on the output trajectory recognition results, and to determine whether scoring needs to be activated. The scoring signal generation unit is used to generate a scoring signal according to the preset scoring rules when the shot is judged to be valid, and output it to the display module or data platform through the interface to display the shot score in real time. The data recording unit is used to record the score and signal characteristics of each shot, including the shot time, trajectory characteristics, and score timestamp information.

2. The basketball shooting scoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control of the infrared light signal emission direction and coverage area through geometric arrangement includes: The emission direction of the infrared beam is controlled by geometric arrangement, and the radiation angle of the infrared beam is adjusted according to the actual needs of different basketball shooting areas. Based on the changes in the shape and size of the basketball hoop and the shooting angle, the emission parameters of each infrared emitting unit are dynamically adjusted according to directional control to ensure that the shooting area is covered.

3. The basketball shooting scoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared receiving module includes: A multi-channel infrared receiving unit is configured at different positions on the basketball hoop to synchronously receive infrared signals reflected back from the basketball hoop and the surrounding environment, forming an infrared path signal array. The signal gain control unit is used to dynamically adjust the gain value according to the intensity of the received infrared signal to adapt to changes in signal strength under different lighting conditions or basketball sports conditions. The noise suppression unit is used to dynamically adjust the noise filtering parameters according to the magnitude of signal disturbance, thereby eliminating background noise.

4. The basketball shooting scoring system according to claim 1, wherein, The data acquisition module includes: The high-frequency sampling unit is used to sample the state of the reflected light signal at a fixed sampling interval to capture subtle disturbances during motion. The perturbation matrix generation unit is used to generate a path perturbation matrix based on the sampled signal difference data, and to arrange the signal perturbations in the time dimension. The feature extraction interface unit is used to transmit the generated path perturbation matrix to the trajectory analysis module after standardization and data transformation.

5. The basketball shooting scoring system according to claim 1, wherein, The trajectory analysis module includes: The time series modeling unit is used to model the time series data in the path disturbance matrix and extract the dynamic change patterns of trajectory features. The frequency domain feature extraction unit is used to extract the spectral features of infrared signals through frequency domain transformation, converting the infrared signals from the time domain to the frequency domain; The trajectory discrimination unit is used to match the frequency domain features with the preset trajectory template, determine whether the current trajectory belongs to a valid shooting trajectory through weighted distance calculation, and output the trajectory analysis results.

6. A basketball shooting scoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of converting the infrared signal from the time domain to the frequency domain includes: The time-domain signal received from the infrared receiving module is converted to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform algorithm to extract the spectral features of the signal. The converted frequency domain signal is filtered to remove irrelevant low-frequency or high-frequency noise while retaining the frequency components of the shooting trajectory. By analyzing the amplitude, phase, and frequency characteristics in the frequency domain, dynamic patterns and interference signals during the shooting process are extracted.

7. A method for detecting diffuse reflection from an infrared sensor on a basketball shot, applied to a basketball shooting scoring system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Multiple infrared emitting units are evenly distributed around the edge or surrounding area of ​​the basketball hoop. Infrared beams are emitted by the infrared emitting units to construct an infrared path optical path covering the entire shooting area. The emission direction and coverage area are controlled by the geometric arrangement. A mirror-reflective structural module is installed around or below the basketball hoop to reflect infrared beams. The reflection angle and position are adjusted by an adjustable angle mounting structural unit. An infrared receiving module is set up to receive infrared signals reflected from the basketball hoop and the surrounding environment, and generate an infrared path signal array. The received signals are compared with the preset signal paths to generate signal disturbance data. The reflected light signal state is sampled at high frequency at preset time intervals, and the signal disturbance data is calculated according to the fast Fourier transform algorithm to generate a path disturbance matrix. Based on the path perturbation matrix, trajectory data is analyzed using time-series modeling and frequency domain feature extraction techniques. By calculating the weighted distance and frequency domain features, it is determined whether the current signal belongs to a valid shooting trajectory. After a shot is deemed a valid shot, a scoring signal is generated by the scoring signal generation unit according to the preset scoring rules, and then output to the display module or data platform through the interface to display the shot score in real time.

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