4 +1 mode shaping and pruning method for vigorous apple trees in old orchard

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lead-containing zinc oxide recovery, and discloses a 4 + 1 mode shaping and pruning method for vigorous apple trees in old orchards, and the shape of the pruned apple tree comprises four main branches at the lower part and a central branch at the upper part without two-layer branches. The growth vigor of the tree body can be adjusted and enhanced, the tree body can grow in a balanced mode, the fruiting period is prolonged, and the fruit yield is increased; meanwhile, the vigorous apple trees in the old orchard are shaped and pruned in a 4 + 1 mode, the illumination condition of the tree bodies can be improved, the effective leaf area can be increased, the photosynthesis efficiency can be improved, sugar accumulation of the fruits can be improved, diseases and pests can be reduced, and therefore the commodity value of the fruits can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree shaping and pruning, and in particular to a "4+1 mode" shaping and pruning method for arboriculture apple trees in old orchards. Background Art

[0002] Huining is a major agricultural county. Large-scale apple cultivation began in 1976, when the Yellow River irrigation system began to irrigate the land. At that time, the planting area was 300 mu (apple trees) in Hongbaozi, Guocheng Town. Some trees were planted with as many as 40 or 50 or more per mu. Our company's research and practice on the yield, quality, and profitability of existing apple arbors in Huining County revealed that current arbors typically have a spacing of 3 meters between plants and 4 meters between rows. Ten-year-old apple trees yield approximately 2 tons per mu, with relatively poor quality, including flattened fruit and poor coloring. As trees age, hiring workers becomes increasingly difficult. Climbing ladders during flowering and apple picking seasons presents a significant labor-intensive challenge. Furthermore, significant overlap between trees hinders standard mechanical operation, negatively impacting the economic returns of farmers, cooperatives, and companies. Therefore, reshaping and revitalizing arbors in older orchards is crucial for increasing yield and farmers' profits. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a "4+1 mode" shaping and pruning method for apple trees in old orchards to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A "4+1 model" shaping and pruning method for apple trees in old orchards includes the following:

[0006] S1: The apple tree has four main branches at the bottom, one central branch at the top, and no secondary branches.

[0007] S2: The seedlings need to be fixed to a height of 80 cm when planted in the first year;

[0008] S3: During the first 1 to 2 years of seedling growth, if the main branches are at an angle, branch pulling is not allowed.

[0009] S4: During the first 1 to 2 years of the growth of the seedlings, the fruiting branches mainly droop downwards. It is necessary to pull down the strong branches on the back of the seedlings before a large number of fruits are produced in late July.

[0010] S5: During the growth period of seedlings, bud cutting, girdling and ring cutting are not allowed, and the application of growth control pesticides is also not allowed;

[0011] S6: The tree rootstock used for grafting requires a spacing of more than 6*5 meters, and the dwarf or short-branch rootstock requires a spacing of more than 4*3 meters.

[0012] The base angle of the four main branches at the bottom is 65°.

[0013] For apple trees in old orchards, the shaping and pruning process needs to be carried out gradually year by year.

[0014] A "4+1 mode" shaping and pruning method for apple trees in old orchards is applied to cherry trees, pear trees, hawthorn trees, citrus trees, winter jujube trees, persimmon trees, plum trees, peach trees and apricot trees.

[0015] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] The present invention can regulate and enhance the growth of trees, make them grow evenly, extend the fruiting period, and increase fruit yield; at the same time, by performing "4+1 mode" shaping and pruning on the old orchard's tree-like apple trees, the lighting conditions of the trees can be improved, the effective leaf area can be increased, and the photosynthesis efficiency can be improved, which can not only increase the sugar accumulation of the fruit, but also reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, thereby enhancing the commercial value of the fruit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0018] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The present invention provides a "4+1 mode" shaping and pruning method for apple trees in old orchards, comprising the following contents:

[0020] S1: The apple tree has four main branches at the bottom, one central branch at the top, and no secondary branches (the central branch has three functions: regulating tree vigor, blocking strong light, and pollinating).

[0021] S2: The seedlings need to be set to a height of about 80cm when planted in the first year (other varieties can be lowered or raised according to their growth habits);

[0022] S3: During the first 1 to 2 years of seedling growth, when the main branches are at an angle, branch pulling is not allowed, which can achieve the purpose of rapid crown expansion;

[0023] S4: During the first 1 to 2 years of the seedling's growth, the fruiting branches mainly droop. As the yield and tree vigor stabilize, the fruiting branches can grow naturally and freely. Before a large number of fruits are produced, the strong and vigorous branches on the back need to be pulled down after late July to facilitate crown expansion.

[0024] S5: During the growth period of seedlings, bud cutting, girdling and ring cutting are not allowed, and the application of growth control pesticides is also not allowed;

[0025] S6: The tree rootstock used for grafting requires a spacing of more than 6*5 meters, and the dwarf or short-branch rootstock requires a spacing of more than 4*3 meters.

[0026] The base angle of the four main branches at the bottom is 65° (this angle has three advantages: good growth, less likely to have large branches on the back, and basically no top sticks under the tree in the future).

[0027] Pruning and shaping can be done on trees of any age and any shape, but the shaping and pruning of apple trees in old orchards needs to be done year by year without affecting the yield and tree vigor.

[0028] The present invention can be used on cherry trees, pear trees, hawthorn trees, citrus trees, winter jujube trees, persimmon trees, plum trees, peach trees and apricot trees, and has achieved very good results in practice by our company.

[0029] Our company renovated existing apple trees in Huining County's old orchards. In the first year after the renovation, the company saw an increase of 1 ton per acre (apple yield) from the original 2 tons per acre, reaching over 3 tons. In the second year, the company saw an increase of 1.5 tons per acre (apple yield) from the original 2 tons per acre (apple yield), reaching over 3.5 tons. In the third year, the company saw an increase of 2 tons per acre (apple yield), reaching over 4 tons per acre. Yield has continued to increase annually. Three years later, yield has increased from the current 2 tons per acre to over 8-10 tons per acre, generating sales revenue of 32,000 to 40,000 yuan. The county's 50,000 acres of apples have an annual output value of 2 billion yuan, representing significant economic benefits.

Claims

1. A "4+1 model" shaping and pruning method for apple trees in old orchards, characterized in that: Includes the following: S1: The apple tree has four main branches at the bottom, one central branch at the top, and no secondary branches. S2: The seedlings need to be fixed to a height of 80 cm when planted in the first year; S3: During the first 1 to 2 years of seedling growth, if the main branches are at an angle, branch pulling is not allowed. S4: During the first 1 to 2 years of the growth of the seedlings, the fruiting branches mainly droop downwards. It is necessary to pull down the strong branches on the back of the seedlings before a large number of fruits are produced in late July. S5: During the growth period of seedlings, bud cutting, girdling and ring cutting are not allowed, and the application of growth control pesticides is also not allowed; S6: The tree rootstock used for grafting requires a spacing of more than 6*5 meters, and the dwarf or short-branch rootstock requires a spacing of more than 4*3 meters.

2. The "4+1 model" shaping and pruning method for old orchard apple trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base angle of the four main branches at the bottom is 65°.

3. The "4+1 model" shaping and pruning method for old orchard apple trees according to claim 1 is characterized in that: For apple trees in old orchards, the shaping and pruning process needs to be carried out gradually year by year.

4. An application of the "4+1 model" shaping and pruning method for apple trees in old orchards according to claim 1 on cherry trees, pear trees, hawthorn trees, citrus trees, winter jujube trees, persimmon trees, plum trees, peach trees, and apricot trees.