Efficient tricholoma matsutake cultivation method under photovoltaic array

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of tricholoma matsutake cultivation, and particularly relates to an efficient tricholoma matsutake cultivation method under a photovoltaic array, sunlight is shielded by a photovoltaic panel, the fruiting rate and yield of tricholoma matsutake can be effectively increased by controlling cultivation conditions, and necessary conditions are provided for large-scale tricholoma matsutake cultivation. According to the tricholoma matsutake cultivation method, the production cost can be remarkably reduced, the economic benefit of tricholoma matsutake cultivation can be improved, the large-scale and factory-like cultivation scale can be achieved, the yield can be greatly increased, and a low-cost and efficient novel cultivation mode is provided for tricholoma matsutake cultivation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of red pine mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency red pine mushroom cultivation method under a photovoltaic array. Background Art

[0002] The red pine mushroom, scientifically known as Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as the Kidney Mushroom and Colorful Cloud Mushroom, is a premium edible fungus known as the "King of Sound." It contains a variety of nutrients, including protein, vitamins, carbohydrates, fats, and minerals, and boasts nourishing, fitness, and immune-boosting benefits. Its delicate, crisp, smooth, and flavorful texture, along with its rich aroma, has earned it a deep following. Cultivating red pine mushrooms requires demanding conditions and requires the installation of shade structures, resulting in high cultivation costs. Due to the strong market demand for red pine mushrooms, developing low-cost, efficient cultivation methods is crucial for improving their profitability. Photovoltaic systems typically involve large-scale installation of photovoltaic panels on the ground, creating photovoltaic power stations. The panels provide shade for the mushrooms, leaving a large space beneath. Therefore, cultivating red pine mushrooms beneath the panels can fully utilize the space beneath them and reduce cultivation costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a high-efficiency cultivation method of Agaricus arboricola under a photovoltaic array, which utilizes photovoltaic panels to provide a sheltered space for cultivating Agaricus arboricola.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0005] A method for efficiently cultivating Agaricus arboricola under a photovoltaic array comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) Site selection and preparation

[0007] Choose an area under the photovoltaic panels that is flat, well-drained, and has sufficient sunlight. After cleaning the ground to make it clean and tidy, loosen the soil and level it to ensure uniform soil particles.

[0008] (2) Making ridges and digging furrows

[0009] Dig drainage ditches and create ridges below the drip line of the photovoltaic panels in advance;

[0010] (3) Excavation of the box trench

[0011] Dig trenches on the bed surface to place substrate and fungus;

[0012] (4) Substrate preparation and laying

[0013] Substrate dosage: The weight ratio of rice straw, rice husk and sawdust is 1.85:1.32:1.32;

[0014] Laying order: first evenly spread a layer of straw in the box trough, then sprinkle rice husks, and finally sprinkle sawdust;

[0015] (5) Strain selection and sowing

[0016] Choose a red pine mushroom (Stropharia officinalis) spawn bag, divide the spawn bag into fist-sized pieces, and place them evenly on the prepared substrate;

[0017] (6) Covering with soil, straw and moisture retention

[0018] Covering the substrate: After placing the fungus, sprinkle a layer of sawdust and rice husk mixed substrate on top to completely cover the exposed fungus.

[0019] Covering with soil and straw: evenly cover the trough with soil, and then cover it with a layer of straw;

[0020] Laying spray belts: After sowing, lay watering spray belts on the bed surface to keep it moist;

[0021] (7) Daily management

[0022] Water management: According to the weather and soil moisture conditions, water the plants at the right time through the spray strips to keep the soil moist but avoid waterlogging.

[0023] Temperature management: Maintain a temperature of 15-25°C during the growth of Agaricus arborvitae.

[0024] Pest and disease control: follow the principle of "prevention first, integrated prevention", regularly check the mushroom beds to keep the cultivation site clean and hygienic, and carry out pest and disease control.

[0025] (8) Harvesting

[0026] The red pine mushrooms can be harvested when their caps are flat, their edges have not yet fully unfolded, and their gills have not yet changed color. After harvesting, the mushroom bed should be cleaned promptly to replenish water and nutrients to promote the growth of the next crop of mushrooms.

[0027] Furthermore, in step (1), the photovoltaic panel is 2-4 m high, the slope is 13°, and 30-85% shade is maintained during planting; the land is rotary tilled to loosen the soil to a depth of 20-25 cm; after rotary tillage, large lumps of soil that have not been crushed are manually broken up to ensure uniform soil particles.

[0028] Furthermore, in step (2), the bed width is 1 meter, the bed height is 15 cm, and the bed spacing is 20 cm; the drainage ditch depth is 20 cm and the width is 30 cm.

[0029] Furthermore, in the step (3), grooves are cut on the ridge to form beds, and the width of the bed grooves is 0.9 meters and the depth is 15 centimeters.

[0030] Furthermore, in step (4), 1.85 kg of straw, 1.32 kg of rice husks and 1.32 kg of sawdust are used per square meter of the compartment.

[0031] Furthermore, in step (5), the specifications of the strains are as follows: cylindrical strain bags with a size of 13×26 cm are selected, each strain bag weighs about 400 grams; the sowing density is 10 strain bags per square meter of the tank.

[0032] Furthermore, in step (6), the thickness of the mixed matrix is ​​0.5 cm thicker than the bacteria; the thickness of the covering soil is 0.8-1.2 cm, and the covering soil is fertile, loose, and well-breathable soil; and after the covering soil, 1.0-1.5 cm of straw is covered.

[0033] Furthermore, in step (7), water is sprayed 1-2 times a day on sunny days, and the number of sprayings is reduced on cloudy days; in hot seasons, the temperature can be lowered by adjusting the shading rate of the photovoltaic panels or increasing ventilation measures; in cold seasons, insulation can be achieved by covering with straw mats or the like; diseased mushrooms, dead mushrooms and weeds are removed in a timely manner to keep the cultivation site clean and hygienic; physical control and biological control (such as installing insect-proof nets, hanging yellow boards, etc.) and biological control (such as using biological pesticides) are used to control pests and diseases, and the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides is avoided.

[0034] Furthermore, in step (8), when harvesting, the base of the stipe is held by hand and gently rotated to pull it out to avoid damaging the surrounding mycelium and small mushroom buds.

[0035] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0036] The present invention discloses a method for efficiently cultivating red pine mushrooms under a photovoltaic array. The method utilizes photovoltaic panels to block sunlight, creates ridges below the photovoltaic panels, sets boxes and grooves on the ridges, and lays a substrate for cultivating red pine mushrooms. By controlling the cultivation conditions, the yield and production rate of red pine mushrooms can be effectively improved. The present invention utilizes the shielding conditions formed below the photovoltaic panels to provide a shaded growth environment for red pine mushrooms, eliminating the need to set up a separate shade structure. At the same time, the angle or height of the photovoltaic panels is adjusted according to the suitable conditions for the growth of red pine mushrooms during the cultivation process, and the difficulty of management is greatly reduced. Photovoltaic panels are often set up on a large scale, providing the necessary conditions for large-scale cultivation of red pine mushrooms. Therefore, cultivating red pine mushrooms under photovoltaic panels can not only significantly reduce production costs, which is beneficial to improving the economic benefits of red pine mushroom cultivation, but also can achieve large-scale, factory-based cultivation scales, which can significantly increase production and provide a low-cost, efficient new cultivation method for red pine mushrooms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 The middle part is the box groove dug on the ridge;

[0039] Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is the rice straw laid on the bed surface after planting and covering with soil;

[0040] Figure 4 It is the mushroom bag laid out according to the density requirements when the mushroom seeds are sown;

[0041] Figure 6 This is the field performance of Stropharia rugosus under different treatments, photographed on January 7, 2024; Figure 5 This is a red pine mushroom grown on a 1m thick bed. Photo taken on January 7, 2024. Figure 7 This is a comparison of the single-day mushroom production rate and total yield of Stropharia rugosa under different treatments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] A method for efficiently cultivating Agaricus arboricola under a photovoltaic array comprises the following steps:

[0045] 1. Site Selection and Preparation

[0046] Choose a flat, well-drained, and sunny area under the photovoltaic panels. The panels should be 2-4 meters high and have a slope of 13°. During planting, maintain a light intensity of 15-70% of the unshaded area under the panels, or 30-85% shade. Clear the site of weeds, garbage, and other debris, ensuring the ground is clean and tidy. Use a small tractor to till the land to a depth of approximately 20-25 cm to loosen the soil. After tilling, carefully inspect the area and manually break up any large clods to ensure uniform soil particle size.

[0047] 2. Ridge making and furrowing

[0048] The beds are planned to be 1 meter wide, 20 cm apart, and 15 cm high. Drainage ditches 20 cm deep and 30 cm wide are pre-excavated below the drip line of the photovoltaic panels. These ditches effectively remove accumulated water while providing convenient access for movement, management, and mushroom picking.

[0049] 3. Box trench excavation

[0050] Dig trenches on the bed surface with a width of 0.9 meters (leaving 0.1 meters on each side) and a depth of 12 centimeters to place the substrate and fungus, creating a suitable space for the growth of red pine mushrooms.

[0051] 4. Substrate preparation and laying Substrate dosage: 1.85 kg of straw, 1.32 kg of rice husks and 1.32 kg of sawdust are used per square meter of compartment.

[0052] Laying order: First, evenly lay a layer of straw in the compartment, then sprinkle rice husks, and finally sprinkle sawdust. The combination of the three substrates provides sufficient nutrients for the growth of red pine mushrooms.

[0053] 5. Selection of fungus strains and sowing specifications: Use cylindrical red pine mushroom (Agaricus gloeosporioides) fungus packs with a size of 13×26 cm, each weighing about 400 grams.

[0054] Seeding density: Planting density is 10 spawn bags per square meter of trough. Divide the spawn bags into fist-sized pieces and place them evenly on the prepared substrate to ensure even distribution of the spawn and facilitate the growth and spread of mycelium.

[0055] 6. Covering with soil and moisturizing the substrate: After the fungus species are placed, sprinkle a layer of mixed substrate of sawdust and rice husks on it, with a thickness of 0.5 cm more than the fungus species, completely covering the exposed fungus species to protect the fungus species and promote the growth of mycelium.

[0056] Covering: Apply soil evenly over the bed, covering the substrate with a thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm (1.0 cm is ideal). Choose fertile, loose, and well-ventilated soil to provide a stable environment for the growth of the red pine mushrooms. Cover with fertile, loose, and well-ventilated soil to a thickness of 1.5-2.5 cm. Spread 1-1.5 cm of straw over the bed to retain moisture.

[0057] Laying the spray tape: After sowing, lay the watering spray tape to ensure that water can be evenly supplied, maintain the humidity of the soil and substrate, and meet the water needs of the red pine mushroom growth.

[0058] 7. Daily Management: Water management: Based on the weather and soil moisture, water the soil timely and appropriately using a spray strip to keep it moist but avoid waterlogging. Generally, spray 1-2 times daily on sunny days, and reduce the frequency on cloudy days. Temperature management: The optimal temperature for growing red pine mushrooms is 15-25°C. During hot seasons, adjust the shading ratio of the photovoltaic panels or increase ventilation to lower the temperature. During cold seasons, use straw mats or other methods to provide insulation.

[0059] Pest and disease control: Follow the principle of "prevention first, integrated control", regularly check mushroom beds, promptly remove diseased and dead mushrooms and weeds, and keep the cultivation site clean and hygienic; use physical control (such as installing insect-proof nets, hanging yellow boards, etc.) and biological control (such as using biological pesticides) to control pests and diseases, and avoid using highly toxic and high-residue pesticides.

[0060] 8. Harvest and Yield Statistics

[0061] Harvest Agaricus chinensis when the cap is flat, the edges have not yet fully expanded, and the gills have not yet changed color. To harvest, grasp the base of the stem and gently twist it to remove it, avoiding damaging the surrounding mycelium and small buds. After harvesting, clean the mushroom bed promptly and replenish water and nutrients to promote the growth of the next crop. Also, weigh each crop after picking to keep a record of yield.

[0062] Figure 1 The middle part is the trough dug on the ridge. Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is the straw laid on the bed. Figure 4 It is a mushroom bag that is laid out according to the density requirements when the mushroom seeds are sown.

[0063] Effects of different bed widths on the growth of Agaricus chinensis

[0064] Following the Agaricus arboricola cultivation method described in Example 1, experiments were conducted with different bed widths. The experimental materials and methods are as follows:

[0065] 1. Mushrooms: Agaricus oxysporum (Stropharia officinalis) spawn package.

[0066] 2. Three treatments were used: 1.5m bed width (1.3m trough), 1.0m bed width (0.9m trough) and 0.5m bed width (0.3m trough); a randomized block design was used; each treatment had 3 replicates, for a total of 9 plots, each plot was 24m 2 .

[0067] 3. Cultivation operation: The specific steps are as shown in Example 1, and daily cultivation management is carried out uniformly.

[0068] 4. Measurement indicators: morphological characteristics and yield. Pick all mushrooms that meet the picking standards every day, weigh the harvested mushrooms every day, record the daily yield (mushroom yield rate), and calculate the total yield.

[0069] 5. Sowing time: November 11, 2023. Experimental location: Shuangjing Village, Taishan, Guangdong.

[0070] The experimental results are shown in Figure 5-7Looking at the fruiting characteristics of the Stropharia rugosa, all treatments showed fruiting starting 28 days after planting, but only a few mushrooms emerged before day 48. After day 48, the fruiting rate increased significantly, persisting for about a week and even up to day 61, though fruiting decreased later in the treatment. This suggests that all three ridge widths produced good fruiting, ensuring the normal growth of the red pine mushroom.

[0071] Looking at the current yields of the different treatments, the 1m bed width treatment significantly surpassed the other two treatments in both fruiting rate and total yield (3994.4kg / ha). Meanwhile, the 0.5m bed width treatment had an intermediate fruiting rate and yield (3036.1kg / ha), while the 1.5m bed width treatment had the lowest fruiting rate and yield (2777.8kg / ha). This suggests that a 1m bed width is more suitable for growing Stropharia ocellaris under photovoltaic panels, significantly increasing yields.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently cultivating Agaricus arboricola under a photovoltaic array, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Site selection and preparation Choose an area under the photovoltaic panels that is flat, well-drained, and has sufficient sunlight. After cleaning the ground to make it clean and tidy, loosen the soil and level it to ensure uniform soil particles. (2) Making ridges and digging furrows Dig drainage ditches and create ridges below the drip line of the photovoltaic panels in advance; (3) Excavation of the box trench Dig trenches on the bed surface to place substrate and fungus; (4) Substrate preparation and laying Substrate dosage: The weight ratio of rice straw, rice husk and sawdust is 1.85:1.32:1.32; Laying order: first evenly spread a layer of straw in the box trough, then sprinkle rice husks, and finally sprinkle sawdust; (5) Strain selection and sowing Choose a red pine mushroom (Stropharia officinalis) spawn bag, divide the spawn bag into fist-sized pieces, and place them evenly on the prepared substrate; (6) Covering with soil, straw and moisture retention Covering the substrate: After placing the fungus, sprinkle a layer of sawdust and rice husk mixed substrate on top to completely cover the exposed fungus. Covering with soil and straw: evenly cover the trough with soil, and then cover it with a layer of straw; Laying spray belts: After sowing, lay watering spray belts on the bed surface to keep it moist; (7) Daily management Water management: According to the weather and soil moisture conditions, water the plants at the right time through the spray strips to keep the soil moist but avoid waterlogging. Temperature management: Maintain a temperature of 15-25°C during the growth of Agaricus arborvitae. Pest and disease control: follow the principle of "prevention first, integrated prevention", regularly check the mushroom beds to keep the cultivation site clean and hygienic, and carry out pest and disease control. (8) Harvesting The red pine mushrooms can be harvested when their caps are flat, their edges have not yet fully expanded, and their gills have not yet changed color. After harvesting, the mushroom bed should be cleaned promptly to replenish water and nutrients to promote the growth of the next crop of mushrooms.

2. The efficient cultivation method of Agaricus arboricola under a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the photovoltaic panel is 2-4 meters high, the slope is 13 degrees, and 30-85% of the shade is maintained during the planting period; the land is rotary tilled to loosen the soil to a depth of 20-25 centimeters; after rotary tillage, large lumps of soil that have not been broken up are manually broken up to ensure uniform soil particles.

3. The efficient cultivation method of Agaricus arboricola under a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the furrow width is 1 meter, the furrow height is 15 cm, and the furrow spacing is 20 cm; the drainage ditch depth is 20 cm and the width is 30 cm.

4. The efficient cultivation method of Agaricus arboricola under a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), grooves are cut on the ridge to form beds, and the width of the bed grooves is 0.9 meters and the depth is 15 centimeters.

5. The efficient cultivation method of Agaricus arboricola under a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), 1.85 kg of straw, 1.32 kg of rice husks and 1.32 kg of sawdust are used per square meter of the compartment.

6. The method for efficiently cultivating Agaricus arboricola under a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, wherein: In the step (5), the bacterial strain specifications are as follows: cylindrical bacterial strain bags with a specification of 13×26 cm are selected, each bacterial strain bag weighs about 400 grams; the sowing density is 10 bacterial strain bags per square meter of the compartment.

7. The efficient cultivation method of Agaricus arboricola under a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (6), the thickness of the mixed matrix is ​​0.5 cm thicker than the bacterial strain; the thickness of the covering soil is 0.8-1.2 cm, and the covering soil is fertile, loose, and well-breathable soil; and after the covering soil, 1.0-1.5 cm of straw is covered.

8. The efficient cultivation method of Agaricus arboricola under a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (7), water is sprayed 1-2 times a day on sunny days and the number of sprays is reduced on cloudy days; in hot seasons, the temperature can be lowered by adjusting the shading rate of the photovoltaic panels or increasing ventilation measures; in cold seasons, heat preservation can be achieved by covering with straw mats or the like; Remove diseased and dead mushrooms and weeds promptly to keep the cultivation site clean and hygienic; use physical and biological control methods to prevent and control pests and diseases, and avoid using highly toxic and high-residue pesticides.

9. The method for efficiently cultivating Agaricus chinensis under a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, wherein: In the step (8), when harvesting, hold the base of the stem with your hand and gently rotate it to pull it out to avoid damaging the surrounding mycelium and small mushroom buds.

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