Low-power-consumption lightning stroke current amplitude detection circuit and method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a low-power-consumption lightning stroke current amplitude detection circuit and method, and relates to the technical field of lightning stroke detection, the low-power-consumption lightning stroke current amplitude detection circuit comprises a lightning stroke signal acquisition unit, a rectification unit, n trigger units and a controller, and n is a positive integer greater than 1; the lightning stroke signal acquisition unit is connected with the rectification unit. The rectification unit is connected with the n trigger units. The n trigger units are all connected with the controller; wherein the trigger level thresholds of the n trigger units are different from each other; if the first trigger unit is not triggered, the controller is in a dormant state; if the first trigger unit is triggered, the controller is awakened, and the controller determines the lightning stroke current amplitude based on the trigger unit with the highest trigger level threshold in all the triggered trigger units. According to the invention, the lightning stroke current amplitude can be detected while low power consumption is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lightning strike detection, and in particular to a low-power lightning strike current amplitude detection circuit and method. Background Art

[0002] Lightning current detection plays a crucial role in lightning protection for power systems, communications facilities, and buildings. Real-time monitoring of lightning current amplitude and frequency provides critical data support for equipment safety assessment, fault diagnosis, and protection strategy optimization. Currently, mainstream lightning current detection technologies can be categorized into two types based on power supply method: passive, low-power detection solutions and active, high-power detection solutions. These two solutions differ significantly in functionality, energy consumption characteristics, and applicable scenarios, but both have certain technical limitations.

[0003] Active, high-power detection solutions rely on a continuous external power supply, utilizing high-precision sensors and dynamic signal processing circuits to achieve real-time measurement of lightning current. Their core advantage lies in their ability to accurately capture current waveforms and quantify amplitudes, while also supporting the recording of high-frequency, high-dynamic-range lightning events. However, these solutions require constant power supply to sensors, amplifiers, and processing units, resulting in high overall power consumption. In remote locations, or for long periods of unattended operation, the deployment and maintenance costs of the power supply system increase significantly, and power outages can even render monitoring functions ineffective, severely limiting their applicability.

[0004] Passive low-power detection solutions minimize reliance on external power sources by optimizing hardware design and operating modes. These solutions typically use passive sensors (such as electromagnetic induction coils) combined with intermittent wake-up mechanisms to simply count lightning events, avoiding complex signal processing and storage operations. Their advantage lies in their ability to achieve ultra-low power operation, making them suitable for scenarios without a stable power supply. However, due to power consumption control targets, existing passive solutions generally sacrifice current amplitude detection capabilities and can only provide statistical information on the number of lightning strikes. Users are unable to obtain the actual intensity range of lightning currents, making it difficult to distinguish between minor discharges and high-energy lightning events. This results in a lack of data support for key applications such as protection strategy formulation and equipment damage assessment.

[0005] Further analysis reveals that the contradictions in existing technologies lie in the conflict between "low power" and "multi-functionality." Active solutions, while comprehensive, suffer from high power consumption, limiting their long-term deployment potential. Passive solutions, while meeting low power requirements, struggle to meet the current amplitude information requirements of practical applications due to their limited functionality.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new detection technology that can break through the functional limitations of traditional solutions under extremely low power consumption conditions, achieve effective quantification of lightning current amplitude, and maintain long-term stable operation of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is how to realize the detection of the lightning current amplitude with low power consumption.

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, in the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit, including a lightning signal acquisition unit, a rectifier unit, n trigger units and a controller, where n is a positive integer greater than 1; the lightning signal acquisition unit is connected to the rectifier unit, and the rectifier unit is respectively connected to the n trigger units; the n trigger units are all connected to the controller; wherein the trigger level thresholds of the n trigger units are different; if the first trigger unit is not triggered, the controller is in a dormant state; if the first trigger unit is triggered, the controller is awakened, and the controller determines the lightning current amplitude based on the trigger unit with the highest trigger level threshold among all the triggered trigger units.

[0009] A further technical solution is that the lightning signal acquisition unit includes a Rogowski coil and an integration circuit, the Rogowski coil is connected to the integration circuit, and the integration circuit is connected to the rectification unit.

[0010] A further technical solution is that the lightning signal acquisition unit includes a winding inductor and an integration circuit, the winding inductor is connected to the integration circuit, and the integration circuit is connected to the rectification unit.

[0011] A further technical solution is that the lightning signal acquisition unit is a current transformer or a magneto-optical effect current sensor.

[0012] Its further technical solution is that the trigger unit includes a voltage-stabilizing diode, a photoelectric coupler and a charging capacitor; the cathode of the voltage-stabilizing diode is connected to the rectifier unit, and the anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode is connected to the anode of the parasitic diode of the photoelectric coupler; the collector of the phototransistor of the photoelectric coupler is connected to the charging capacitor, and the charging capacitor is connected to the controller and grounded.

[0013] A further technical solution is that the trigger unit further includes a current limiting resistor, and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is connected to the rectifier unit via the current limiting resistor.

[0014] A further technical solution is that the trigger unit further includes a discharge resistor, which is connected to the collector of the phototransistor and is grounded.

[0015] A further technical solution is that the breakdown voltages of the voltage-stabilizing diodes of the n trigger units are different and are arranged in order from small to large.

[0016] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a low-power lightning current amplitude detection method, which is applied to the low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit as described in the first aspect. The method includes:

[0017] If the first trigger unit is not triggered, the controller enters a dormant state;

[0018] If the first trigger unit is triggered, the controller is awakened, and the controller determines the lightning current amplitude based on the trigger unit with the highest trigger level threshold among all the triggered trigger units.

[0019] A further technical solution is that the lightning current amplitude is determined based on the trigger unit with the highest trigger level threshold among all triggered trigger units, including:

[0020] The trigger unit with the highest trigger level threshold is used as the target trigger unit;

[0021] If the target trigger unit is not the last trigger unit, determining that the lightning current amplitude is between a trigger level threshold of the target trigger unit and a trigger level threshold of a trigger unit next to the target trigger unit;

[0022] If the target trigger unit is the last trigger unit, it is determined that the lightning current amplitude is greater than the trigger level threshold of the target trigger unit.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0024] An embodiment of the present invention provides a low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit, comprising a lightning signal acquisition unit, a rectifier unit, n trigger units, and a controller, where n is a positive integer greater than 1. The lightning signal acquisition unit is connected to the rectifier unit, which is each connected to the n trigger units. Each of the n trigger units is connected to the controller. The trigger level thresholds of the n trigger units are different and arranged in ascending order. If the first trigger unit is not triggered, the controller is in a dormant state. If the first trigger unit is triggered, the controller is awakened and determines the lightning current amplitude based on the trigger unit with the highest trigger level threshold among all the triggered trigger units. As can be seen, if the first trigger unit is not triggered, the controller will be in a dormant state. Thus, when there is no lightning strike, the controller will remain in a dormant state, resulting in extremely low power consumption. Furthermore, the trigger units with n different trigger level thresholds can achieve quantitative grading of the lightning current amplitude, accurately determining the magnitude of the lightning current amplitude. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0027] One or more embodiments are exemplarily illustrated by pictures in the corresponding drawings. These exemplifications do not constitute limitations on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are represented as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings do not constitute proportional limitations.

[0028] Figure 1 A circuit block diagram of a low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a trigger unit of a low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit proposed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Reference numerals

[0031] Lightning signal acquisition unit 10, rectifier unit 20, trigger unit 30, controller 40, voltage regulator diode D, photoelectric coupler Q, charging capacitor C, current limiting resistor R1, and discharge resistor R2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments. Similar component numbers in the drawings represent similar components. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It will be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof.

[0034] It should also be understood that the terms used in this description of the embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. As used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0035] See also Figure 1-Figure 2 The embodiment of the present invention provides a low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit, which can detect the lightning current amplitude with extremely low power consumption. In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit includes a lightning signal acquisition unit 10, a rectifier unit 20, n trigger units 30 and a controller 40, where n is a positive integer greater than 1. The specific structure is described as follows:

[0036] The lightning signal acquisition unit 10 is connected to the rectifier unit 20, and the rectifier unit 20 is respectively connected to n trigger units 30; the n trigger units 30 are all connected to the controller 40; wherein, the trigger level thresholds of the n trigger units 30 are different and are arranged in order from small to large.

[0037] The lightning signal acquisition unit 10 is used to acquire lightning signals. The rectification unit 20 may be a rectifier, which is used to rectify the voltage signal and output a DC signal for subsequent processing by the trigger unit 30 .

[0038] Each trigger unit 30 has a trigger level threshold. N trigger units 30 are connected in parallel, and the trigger level thresholds of the n trigger units 30 are different and arranged in ascending order. A trigger unit 30 turns on and outputs a trigger signal to the controller 40 when the current it receives exceeds its trigger level threshold.

[0039] An embodiment of the present invention accordingly provides a low-power lightning current amplitude detection method, which is applied to the above-mentioned low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit, including:

[0040] S1, if the first trigger unit 30 is not triggered, the controller 40 is controlled to enter a dormant state.

[0041] In a specific implementation, the controller 40 can be awakened by the first trigger unit 30. If the first trigger unit 30 is not triggered, the controller 40 will be in a dormant state. Therefore, when there is no lightning strike, the controller 40 will be in a dormant state with extremely low power consumption.

[0042] S2: If the first trigger unit 30 is triggered, the controller 40 is awakened, and the controller 40 determines the lightning current amplitude based on the trigger unit 30 with the highest trigger level threshold among all the triggered trigger units 30.

[0043] In a specific implementation, if the first trigger unit 30 is triggered, the controller 40 is awakened. Furthermore, the controller 40 determines the lightning current amplitude based on the trigger unit 30 with the highest trigger level threshold among all triggered trigger units 30. The specific steps include: taking the trigger unit 30 with the highest trigger level threshold as the target trigger unit 30; if the target trigger unit 30 is not the last trigger unit 30, determining that the lightning current amplitude is between the trigger level threshold of the target trigger unit 30 and the trigger level threshold of the next trigger unit 30 of the target trigger unit 30; if the target trigger unit 30 is the last trigger unit 30, determining that the lightning current amplitude is greater than the trigger level threshold of the target trigger unit 30.

[0044] For example, if the target trigger unit 30 is the kth trigger unit 30, k is less than n, and the trigger level threshold of the kth trigger unit 30 is I k , the trigger level threshold I of the k+1th trigger unit 30 k+1 , then the lightning current amplitude is between I k with I k+1 between.

[0045] If the target trigger unit 30 is the last trigger unit 30, that is, the nth trigger unit 30, the trigger level threshold of the nth trigger unit 30 is I n , then the lightning current amplitude is greater than I n .

[0046] It should be noted that the controller 40 supports sleep mode. Sleep mode can significantly reduce static current and thus reduce energy consumption by turning off or reducing the power supply of the CPU core, clock source, and peripheral modules (ADC, communication interface, etc.). The controller 40 divides different functional modules into independent power supply areas through power domain isolation technology. When in sleep mode, the power supply of non-critical modules is cut off, and only the power supply of the wake-up source (such as external interrupt pin, timer) is maintained. In an embodiment of the present invention, the sleep control logic of the controller 40 can be specifically as follows:

[0047] Sleep triggering condition: When there is no lightning event, the controller 40 enters the sleep mode by default and only maintains the interrupt monitoring function of the first trigger unit 30;

[0048] Wake-up triggering condition: When a lightning strike triggers the first trigger unit 30, the high-level signal outputted by the first trigger unit 30 wakes up the controller 40 through the external interrupt pin of the controller 40;

[0049] Operation after wake-up: the controller 40 resets the clock, starts the ADC module, scans the status of all trigger units 30, calculates the lightning current amplitude range, records the data, and then enters sleep again.

[0050] An embodiment of the present invention provides a low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit, comprising a lightning signal acquisition unit 10, a rectifier unit 20, n trigger units 30, and a controller 40, where n is a positive integer greater than 1. The lightning signal acquisition unit 10 is connected to the rectifier unit 20, which is each connected to the n trigger units 30. Each of the n trigger units 30 is connected to the controller 40. The trigger level thresholds of the n trigger units 30 are different and arranged in ascending order. If the first trigger unit 30 is not triggered, the controller 40 is in a dormant state. If the first trigger unit 30 is triggered, the controller 40 is awakened and determines the lightning current amplitude based on the trigger unit 30 with the highest trigger level threshold among all the triggered trigger units 30. Therefore, if the first trigger unit 30 is not triggered, the controller 40 is in a dormant state, resulting in extremely low power consumption. At the same time, the trigger unit 30 based on n different trigger level thresholds can achieve quantitative classification of the lightning current amplitude and accurately determine the magnitude of the lightning current amplitude.

[0051] In some preferred embodiments, the lightning signal acquisition unit 10 includes a Rogowski coil and an integration circuit, the Rogowski coil is connected to the integration circuit, and the integration circuit is connected to the rectifier unit 20 .

[0052] In practice, the Rogowski coil converts the rate of change (di / dt) of the lightning current into an induced voltage signal through electromagnetic induction. The integrating circuit then integrates this voltage signal to generate a linear voltage output proportional to the lightning current amplitude. The Rogowski coil's non-contact measurement feature avoids direct electrical connection to the high-voltage lightning strike circuit, enhancing system safety. Combined with the rectifier unit 20, the integrated DC signal can stably drive the subsequent trigger unit 30, ensuring accurate trigger level determination. This structure balances signal conversion linearity with anti-interference capabilities, providing a reliable input foundation for the hierarchical trigger logic.

[0053] It should be noted that the integration circuit can be designed based on an operational amplifier, and generally includes an operational amplifier, a feedback capacitor, an input resistor, and a reference voltage input source, which is not specifically limited in the present invention. The operational amplifier is the core of the integration circuit and is used to implement the integration operation of the signal. The feedback capacitor is connected between the output terminal and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier, and together with the input resistor, it forms an integration network. Input resistor: It is connected in series between the signal input terminal and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier to limit the input current. The reference voltage input source is connected to the reference voltage pin of the operational amplifier to adjust the baseline or initial condition of the integration circuit.

[0054] In some preferred embodiments, the lightning signal acquisition unit 10 includes a winding inductor and an integration circuit, the winding inductor is connected to the integration circuit, and the integration circuit is connected to the rectification unit 20 .

[0055] In a specific implementation, the lightning signal acquisition unit 10 is replaced with a combination of a wire-wound inductor and an integration circuit. The wire-wound inductor senses the rate of change of the lightning current through the inductive effect, and has the advantages of a simple structure and low cost. The integration circuit converts the induced signal output by the inductor into a voltage signal proportional to the current amplitude. The low internal resistance of the wire-wound inductor reduces signal attenuation, making it particularly suitable for lightning detection in the low current range. Compared to Rogowski coils, wire-wound inductors have advantages in low-frequency signal response and do not require complex magnetic core materials, reducing manufacturing complexity.

[0056] In some preferred embodiments, the lightning signal acquisition unit 10 is a current transformer or a magneto-optical effect current sensor.

[0057] In practice, the lightning signal acquisition unit 10 can employ a current transformer or a magneto-optical current sensor. Current transformers, based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, can accurately detect lightning strikes. Magneto-optical current sensors, based on the Faraday magneto-optical effect, can also accurately detect lightning strikes. These designs simplify circuitry and reduce costs.

[0058] In some preferred embodiments, the trigger unit 30 includes a voltage-stabilizing diode D, a photocoupler Q, and a charging capacitor C; the cathode of the voltage-stabilizing diode D is connected to the rectifier unit 20, and the anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode D is connected to the anode of the parasitic diode of the photocoupler Q; the collector of the phototransistor of the photocoupler Q is connected to the charging capacitor C, and the charging capacitor C is connected to the controller 40 and grounded. The trigger unit 30 further includes a current-limiting resistor R1, and the cathode of the voltage-stabilizing diode D is connected to the rectifier unit 20 via the current-limiting resistor R1. The trigger unit 30 further includes a discharge resistor R2, and the discharge resistor R2 is connected to the collector of the phototransistor and grounded. Furthermore, the breakdown voltages of the voltage-stabilizing diodes D of the n trigger units 30 are different and are arranged in order from small to large.

[0059] In a specific implementation, the Zener diode D has different breakdown voltages in different trigger units 30 and is turned on only when the input voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage. Since the breakdown voltages of the Zener diode D are different, the trigger level thresholds of different trigger units 30 are different.

[0060] The photocoupler Q includes an input side and an output side.

[0061] Input side (light emitting diode): receives the current after the Zener diode D is turned on and emits a light signal.

[0062] Output side (phototransistor): turns on according to the light signal to achieve high and low voltage isolation.

[0063] Charging capacitor C: receives the current output by the photocoupler Q and charges it to store the trigger signal.

[0064] Current limiting resistor R1: limits input current and protects subsequent components.

[0065] Discharge resistor R2: When there is no trigger signal, it slowly releases the capacitor charge and resets the circuit state.

[0066] In an embodiment of the present invention, the Zener diode D sets the trigger level threshold through the breakdown voltage. When the output voltage of the rectifier unit 20 exceeds the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode D, the light-emitting diode on the input side of the optocoupler Q is turned on, and the phototransistor on the output side is immediately turned on and charges the charging capacitor C, generating a high-level signal to be output to the controller 40. The optocoupler Q realizes electrical isolation between the input and output sides, preventing high voltage from lightning strikes from entering the controller 40 circuit, significantly improving system safety; the charging capacitor C serves as a signal storage unit and can maintain a high level during a short trigger period, ensuring that the controller 40 can reliably read the trigger state. This design realizes self-maintenance and signal transmission of the trigger level through the cooperation of passive components (Zenergizer diodes, optocouplers) and capacitors, and can complete state determination without continuous power supply, further reducing the overall power consumption of the system.

[0067] Furthermore, a current-limiting resistor R1 is connected in series between the Zener diode D and the rectifier unit 20. The current-limiting resistor R1's functions include: 1) limiting the current flowing through the Zener diode D and the optocoupler Q to prevent overcurrent damage to components; 2) forming a voltage divider network with the Zener diode to precisely control the trigger threshold; and 3) suppressing transient voltage spikes to reduce the possibility of false triggering. By properly selecting the resistance value of the current-limiting resistor R1, the sensitivity and anti-interference capability of the trigger unit 30 can be optimized, ensuring accurate triggering under varying lightning strike intensities.

[0068] Furthermore, a discharge resistor R2 is connected in parallel between the phototransistor's collector and ground. Discharge resistor R2 slowly releases the charge stored in charging capacitor C when no trigger signal is present, resetting the capacitor voltage to a low level and preventing false triggering due to residual charge in the capacitor. This design ensures that trigger unit 30 can quickly return to its initial state after each lightning strike, preparing for the next detection and improving the system's continuous operational reliability.

[0069] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0070] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0071] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature identified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0072] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0073] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0074] In the description of this specification, the reference terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms should not be understood as necessarily referring to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0075] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, to the extent such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to encompass such changes and modifications.

[0076] The above description is a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and such modifications or substitutions are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit, characterized in that: The invention comprises a lightning signal acquisition unit, a rectifier unit, n trigger units and a controller, where n is a positive integer greater than 1; the lightning signal acquisition unit is connected to the rectifier unit, and the rectifier unit is respectively connected to the n trigger units; the n trigger units are all connected to the controller; wherein the trigger level thresholds of the n trigger units are different; if the first trigger unit is not triggered, the controller is in a dormant state; if the first trigger unit is triggered, the controller is awakened, and the controller determines the lightning current amplitude based on the trigger unit with the highest trigger level threshold among all the triggered trigger units.

2. The low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightning signal acquisition unit includes a Rogowski coil and an integration circuit. The Rogowski coil is connected to the integration circuit, and the integration circuit is connected to the rectification unit.

3. The low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightning signal acquisition unit includes a winding inductor and an integration circuit. The winding inductor is connected to the integration circuit, and the integration circuit is connected to the rectification unit.

4. The low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightning signal acquisition unit is a current transformer or a magneto-optical effect current sensor.

5. The low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trigger unit includes a voltage-stabilizing diode, a photoelectric coupler and a charging capacitor; the cathode of the voltage-stabilizing diode is connected to the rectifier unit, and the anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode is connected to the anode of the parasitic diode of the photoelectric coupler; the collector of the phototransistor of the photoelectric coupler is connected to the charging capacitor, and the charging capacitor is connected to the controller and grounded.

6. The low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The trigger unit further includes a current limiting resistor, and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is connected to the rectifier unit via the current limiting resistor.

7. The low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The trigger unit further includes a discharge resistor, which is connected to the collector of the phototransistor and is grounded.

8. The low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The breakdown voltages of the voltage-stabilizing diodes of the n trigger units are different and are arranged in order from small to large.

9. A low-power lightning current amplitude detection method, characterized in that: Applied to the low-power lightning current amplitude detection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprises: If the first trigger unit is not triggered, the controller enters a dormant state; If the first trigger unit is triggered, the controller is awakened, and the controller determines the lightning current amplitude based on the trigger unit with the highest trigger level threshold among all the triggered trigger units.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The determining of the lightning current amplitude based on the trigger unit having the highest trigger level threshold among all triggered trigger units includes: The trigger unit with the highest trigger level threshold is used as the target trigger unit; If the target trigger unit is not the last trigger unit, determining that the lightning current amplitude is between a trigger level threshold of the target trigger unit and a trigger level threshold of a trigger unit next to the target trigger unit; If the target trigger unit is the last trigger unit, it is determined that the lightning current amplitude is greater than the trigger level threshold of the target trigger unit.

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