Rotary pressing machine for hub bearing of heavy truck

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of heavy truck hub bearing assembly, in particular to a rotary pressing machine for a heavy truck hub bearing. According to the technical scheme, the rotary type press-fitting machine for the hub bearing of the heavy truck comprises a press-fitting machine rack, an outer mounting frame, a rotary driving device, a bearing positioning device, a hub fixing device, a press-fitting mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a terminal controller, a supporting bracket, a discharging door and a main driving device, and the outer mounting frame is arranged above the press-fitting machine rack; the multi-dimensional sensing positioning module is introduced, the laser scanning unit can generate three-dimensional contour data of the bearing and the hub, and sub-millimeter-level space positioning is achieved; the pressure sensing array can detect the pressure distribution of the contact surface and identify the initial fitting state; the visual guiding unit can recognize bearing codes and hub feature marks, an accurate assembling path is generated, bearing or hub damage caused by inaccurate positioning or improper press-fitting force control is reduced, meanwhile, the press-fitting efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of heavy truck wheel hub bearing assembly, in particular to a heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press. Background Art

[0002] The heavy-duty truck wheel hub bearing rotary press is an automated equipment specially used for the press-fitting of heavy-duty truck wheel hub bearings. It integrates mechanical, electronic, hydraulic, sensor and intelligent control technologies, and can achieve a high-precision, high-efficiency and high-reliability bearing press-fitting process.

[0003] Existing rotary presses for heavy-duty truck wheel hub bearings usually use mechanical positioning. This positioning method has a good positioning effect for bearings and hubs with regular shapes and uniform sizes. However, when faced with heavy-duty truck wheel hub bearings with complex shapes and diverse sizes, the accuracy and adaptability of mechanical positioning will be significantly reduced, which can easily lead to offset or misalignment during the press-fitting process, affecting the press-fitting quality and even causing damage to the bearings or hubs.

[0004] For the existing heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press, mechanical positioning is usually adopted. This positioning method has a good positioning effect for bearings and hubs with regular shapes and uniform sizes. However, when facing heavy truck wheel hub bearings with complex shapes and various sizes, the accuracy and adaptability of mechanical positioning will be significantly reduced, which may easily lead to offset or dislocation during the press, affecting the press quality and even causing damage to the bearing or hub. This solution introduces a multi-dimensional perception positioning module, which integrates multiple positioning technologies such as laser scanning, pressure sensing and visual guidance. The laser scanning unit can generate a bearing and wheel hub positioning signal. The three-dimensional contour data of the hub can achieve sub-millimeter spatial positioning; the pressure sensing array can detect the pressure distribution on the contact surface and identify the initial fitting state; the visual guidance unit can identify the bearing code and hub feature mark to generate a precise assembly path. Through the integration of multiple positioning technologies, it can achieve high-precision and high-adaptability positioning of bearings and hubs with complex shapes and various sizes. Through high-precision positioning and force-displacement closed-loop control, it can significantly improve the press-fitting quality and reduce the damage to bearings or hubs caused by inaccurate positioning or improper control of the press-fitting force, while improving the press-fitting efficiency and reducing production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the existing heavy-duty truck wheel hub bearing rotary press, a mechanical positioning method is usually adopted. This positioning method has a good positioning effect for bearings and hubs with regular shapes and uniform sizes. However, when facing heavy-duty truck wheel hub bearings with complex shapes and diverse sizes, the accuracy and adaptability of mechanical positioning will be significantly reduced, which can easily lead to offset or dislocation during the press-fitting process, affecting the press-fitting quality and even causing damage to the bearing or hub.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a heavy-duty truck wheel hub bearing rotary press, comprising a press frame, a mounting outer frame, a rotary drive device, a bearing positioning device, a hub fixing device, a press mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a terminal controller, a support bracket, a discharge door and a total drive device. A mounting outer frame is provided above the press frame, a rotary drive device is provided on the surface of the press frame, a bearing positioning device is provided on the surface of the rotary drive device, a hub fixing device is provided on the outside of the rotary drive device, multiple groups of hub fixing devices are provided, a press mechanism is provided inside the mounting outer frame, a feeding mechanism is provided on one side of the press frame, a terminal controller is provided on the top surface of one side of the press frame, a support bracket is provided on the bottom surface of the press frame, a discharge door is provided on the other side of the press frame, and a total drive device is provided on one side of the press frame.

[0007] Preferably, the pressing mechanism is installed by installing the outer frame, the heavy truck wheel hub bearing is driven to rotate by the rotary drive device, the heavy truck wheel hub bearing is positioned by the bearing positioning device, the heavy truck wheel hub bearing is limited and fixed by the wheel hub fixing device to prevent deviation during the pressing operation, the heavy truck wheel hub bearing is pressed by the pressing mechanism, the heavy truck wheel hub bearing to be pressed is transmitted by the feeding mechanism, the entire equipment is controlled by the terminal controller, the pressing machine frame is supported by the support bracket, the discharge door is used to facilitate the operator to inspect the inside of the installation outer frame, and the entire equipment is powered and driven by the main drive device.

[0008] Preferably, a heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press machine also includes the following modules: Multi-dimensional sensing and positioning module: used for sub-millimeter spatial positioning of bearings and hubs; Multi-modal drive module: used to provide composite drive modes adapted to different working conditions; Adaptive press-fitting module: used for precision press-fitting with force-displacement closed-loop control; Intelligent diagnostic module: used for predictive maintenance and root cause analysis; Human-machine collaboration module: used to enhance operational interaction and remote control capabilities; Environmental adaptation module: used to ensure the stability of equipment under harsh working conditions.

[0009] Preferably, the multi-dimensional perception positioning module includes: A11: Laser scanning unit, including a multi-line laser transmitter, a high-precision reflector group and a dynamic calibration sensor, is used to generate three-dimensional profile data of the bearing and hub and compensate for assembly reference surface errors; A12: Pressure sensing array unit, including a flexible piezoelectric film, a signal amplifier, and a temperature compensation circuit, used to detect the pressure distribution on the contact surface and identify the initial fit state; A13: Vision guidance unit, including industrial camera, ring LED light source and image processing mainboard, used to identify bearing codes and hub feature marks and generate assembly paths.

[0010] Preferably, the multimodal driving module includes: A21: Servo motor unit, including permanent magnet synchronous motor, planetary reducer and torque sensor, used for low-speed and high-torque rotation drive; A22: Hydraulic booster unit, including proportional servo valve, accumulator and pressure sensor, used to provide high-pressure oil to drive the press cylinder; A23: Electromagnetic brake unit, including disc brake disc, excitation coil and friction plate, used for emergency braking and position holding.

[0011] Preferably, the multimodal driving module comprises the following steps when operating: S11: The terminal controller sends the working condition instruction to the multi-modal drive module via the bus; S12: The torque sensor of the servo motor group collects the current load characteristics in real time; S13: hydraulic booster unit pressure sensor feedback system oil pressure status; S14: The disc brake disc of the electromagnetic brake is locked in the initial position; S15: When the pressing force requirement is detected to be greater than 50kN, it automatically switches to the hydraulic drive mode; S16: The proportional servo valve is opened to 35% and the accumulator is pre-filled with oil to 18 MPa; S17: The permanent magnet synchronous motor speed drops to 80 rpm, and the planetary reducer switches to a low speed ratio gear; S18: The excitation coil of the electromagnetic brake is energized and the friction plate releases the braking pressure; S19: The servo motor group and the hydraulic booster unit output power synchronously; S110: The torque sensor monitors the output torque in real time and dynamically adjusts the motor current and hydraulic flow; S111: When the pressure fluctuation of the press-fitting mechanism feedback is greater than ±3%, the pressure closed-loop control is started; S112: The proportional servo valve opening is fine-tuned at a rate of 0.5% / ms to maintain system pressure stability; S113: The accumulator absorbs the instantaneous pressure shock and suppresses the pressure overshoot to <1.5MPa; S114: After the visual guidance unit recognizes the bearing code, it adjusts the speed of the rotary drive device; S115: The speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is linearly adjusted within the range of 50-120 rpm; S116: The planetary reducer achieves torque amplification to 800 N·m through three-stage gear shifting; S117: When the displacement monitoring unit detects an abnormal displacement mutation, the electromagnetic brake completes full braking within 15ms, and the brake disc temperature instantly rises ≤80℃; S118: The hydraulic booster unit starts the safety valve to release pressure, and the system pressure drops to 0 MPa within 0.3 seconds; S119: After the press-fitting is completed, the servo motor unit switches to generator mode; S120: The permanent magnet synchronous motor converts rotational kinetic energy into electrical energy and feeds it back to the supercapacitor bank; S121: The hydraulic booster unit closes the proportional servo valve and the accumulator maintains a residual pressure of 5 MPa.

[0012] Preferably, the adaptive press-fitting module comprises: A31: Floating pressure head unit, including ball joint connecting rod, pressure sensor and elastic compensation spring, used to automatically compensate for the parallelism deviation of the bearing end face; A32: Displacement monitoring unit, including grating scale, reading head and dustproof sealing sleeve, used for real-time measurement of press-fit depth and coaxiality; A33: Vibration suppression unit, including acceleration sensor, active damper and control algorithm chip, used to attenuate structural vibration caused by press-fit impact.

[0013] Preferably, the adaptive press-fitting module comprises the following steps when operating: S21: The ball connecting rod of the floating pressure head unit approaches the bearing end face at a rate of 0.1 mm / s; S22: The pressure sensor array collects contact pressure at 6 points and determines contact when the pressure at any point is greater than 2kN; S23: When the pre-compression amount of the elastic compensation spring reaches 1.2mm, the press-fit start signal is triggered; S24: The terminal controller calls the pressure compensation algorithm and sets the pressure gradient to 8kN / s; S25: The floating pressure head unit dynamically adjusts the extension of each ball joint according to the pressure distribution data; S26: The pressure sensor corrects the pressure deviation in real time to ensure that the pressure uniformity of the contact surface is greater than 95%; S27: The grating ruler of the displacement monitoring unit collects the press-fit depth with a resolution of 0.5 μm; S28: When the coaxiality deviation is detected to be greater than 0.05 mm, the three-dimensional calibration procedure is started; S29: The active damper adjusts the pressure head posture at a frequency of 50Hz, and the deviation correction period is ≤80ms; S210: When the acceleration sensor detects a vibration amplitude greater than 0.3g, active damping is triggered; S211: The control algorithm chip calculates the compensation current within 2ms and drives the active damper; S212: The damping force output is 180° out of phase with the vibration, and the vibration decay time constant is shortened to 35ms; S213: After reaching the set press depth, a three-stage pressure holding process is initiated: Stage 1: Pressure is maintained for 10 seconds with a pressure fluctuation range of ±1%; Stage 2: Pressure is unloaded in steps to 80% of the rated value at an unloading rate of 0.5 kN / s; Stage 3: The floating pressure head unit maintains a 0.2 mm micro-motion compensation to eliminate the effects of thermal expansion and contraction; S214: After the pressure is maintained, the elastic compensation spring releases the preload at a rate of 0.3 mm / s; S215: The pressure sensor monitors the demoulding force peak and immediately pauses when a sudden change is detected; S216: The active damper outputs reverse damping to suppress demolding vibration energy; S217: After the pressure head returns to a safe position, the module self-test program is started; S218: Grating ruler calibration zero position deviation, displacement zeroing error <0.002mm; S219: The ball joint connecting rod of the floating pressure head unit is automatically replenished with grease; S220: The acceleration sensor of the vibration suppression unit is calibrated for temperature drift compensation.

[0014] Preferably, the intelligent diagnosis module includes: A41: Oil monitoring unit, including particle counter, viscosity sensor and moisture sensor, used to detect hydraulic oil contamination; A42: Vibration analysis unit, including a three-axis accelerometer, spectrum analyzer and data logger, used to diagnose the balance condition of rotating components; A43: Acoustic emission detector unit, including piezoelectric sensor, preamplifier and noise filtering circuit, used to capture the initial crack growth signal of the bearing.

[0015] Preferably, the human-machine collaboration module includes: A51: Augmented reality unit, including a head-mounted display, spatial positioning sensors, and gesture recognition cameras for 3D visual assembly guidance; A52: Safety interlock unit, including grating sensor, emergency stop button and logic control unit, used to prevent personnel from accidentally entering the dangerous area; A53: 5G communication unit, including an industrial router, antenna array, and encryption module, for remote device monitoring and firmware upgrades.

[0016] Preferably, the environmental adaptation module includes: A61: Temperature control unit, including semiconductor cooling plate, temperature sensor and cooling fan, used to maintain the hydraulic oil temperature at 40±2℃; A62: Dust removal unit, including negative pressure fan, filter element and dust concentration sensor, used to maintain the cleanliness of the press area; A63: Ground monitoring unit, including ground resistance tester, conductive brush and alarm indicator light, used to prevent static electricity accumulation from causing electrical corrosion of bearings.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. Compared with the existing heavy-duty truck hub bearing rotary press, which usually adopts mechanical positioning, this positioning method has a good positioning effect for bearings and hubs with regular shapes and uniform sizes. However, when facing heavy-duty truck hub bearings with complex shapes and diverse sizes, the accuracy and adaptability of mechanical positioning will be significantly reduced, which may easily lead to offset or dislocation during the press-fitting process, affecting the press-fitting quality and even causing damage to the bearing or hub. This solution introduces a multi-dimensional sensing positioning module, which integrates multiple positioning technologies such as laser scanning, pressure sensing and visual guidance. The laser scanning unit can generate shaft The three-dimensional contour data of the bearing and hub are used to achieve sub-millimeter spatial positioning; the pressure sensing array can detect the pressure distribution on the contact surface and identify the initial fit state; the visual guidance unit can identify the bearing code and hub feature mark to generate a precise assembly path. Through the integration of multiple positioning technologies, high-precision and highly adaptable positioning of bearings and hubs with complex shapes and various sizes can be achieved. Through high-precision positioning and force-displacement closed-loop control, the press-fitting quality can be significantly improved, and damage to bearings or hubs caused by inaccurate positioning or improper press-fitting force control can be reduced. At the same time, the press-fitting efficiency is improved and the production cost is reduced. 2. Compared with the existing rotary press for heavy truck wheel hub bearings, during the press process, there is often a lack of real-time and precise control of key parameters such as press force and press displacement. The control of press force usually relies on the pressure setting of the hydraulic system, which makes it difficult to achieve closed-loop control of press force and displacement, easily leading to excessive or insufficient press force, affecting the press quality and the service life of the bearing. At the same time, the control of press displacement is relatively rough, making it difficult to ensure the accuracy of press depth, affecting the assembly accuracy of the bearing. This solution sets an adaptive press module. The floating pressure head unit can automatically compensate for the parallelism deviation of the bearing end face to ensure uniform application of press force; the displacement monitoring unit can measure the press depth and coaxiality in real time to achieve precise control of press displacement; the vibration suppression unit can attenuate the structural vibration generated by the press impact to ensure the stability of the press process. Through force-displacement closed-loop control, the equipment can monitor its own status in real time, predict potential faults, and achieve predictive maintenance, thereby significantly improving the reliability and maintainability of the equipment, reducing unexpected downtime, and ensuring production continuity. 3. Compared with the existing heavy-duty truck hub bearing rotary press, which is usually designed for bearings and hubs of specific specifications, it lacks the ability to adapt to workpieces of different specifications. When it is necessary to press-fit bearings or hubs of different specifications, it is often necessary to replace the fixture or adjust the equipment parameters, which is complicated to operate and inefficient. In addition, the intelligence level of the existing press is relatively low, lacking intelligent functions such as fault self-diagnosis and remote monitoring, which is not conducive to equipment maintenance and management. This solution significantly enhances the adaptability and intelligence of the equipment through modular design and intelligent control technology. The multimodal drive module can provide a composite drive mode that adapts to different working conditions to meet the press-fitting requirements of bearings and hubs of different specifications; the intelligent diagnosis module can realize predictive maintenance and root cause analysis of faults, improving the reliability and maintenance efficiency of the equipment; the human-machine collaboration module can enhance the operation interaction and remote control capabilities, making it easier for operators to monitor and operate the equipment; the environmental adaptation module can ensure the stability of the equipment under harsh working conditions and expand the application scope of the equipment. Through these improvements, the present invention realizes rapid adaptation and intelligent management of workpieces of different specifications, effectively solving the problems of low adaptability and intelligence of traditional presses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of a first three-dimensional structure of a heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press machine of the present invention; Figure 2 Shown is a second perspective structural diagram of a heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press machine according to the present invention; Figure 3 Shown is a schematic diagram of the bottom three-dimensional structure of a heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press assembly machine of the present invention; Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of the workflow framework of a heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press machine of the present invention; Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Press machine frame; 2. Mounting outer frame; 3. Rotation drive device; 4. Bearing positioning device; 5. Hub fixing device; 6. Pressing mechanism; 7. Feeding mechanism; 8. Terminal controller; 9. Support bracket; 10. Discharge door; 11. Main drive device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0020] See also Figure 1-3The present invention provides an embodiment: a heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press, comprising a press frame 1, an installation outer frame 2, a rotary drive device 3, a bearing positioning device 4, a hub fixing device 5, a press mechanism 6, a feeding mechanism 7, a terminal controller 8, a support bracket 9, a discharge door 10 and a main drive device 11, wherein the press frame 1 is provided with a mounting outer frame 2, the surface of the press frame 1 is provided with a rotary drive device 3, the surface of the rotary drive device 3 is provided with a bearing positioning device 4, the outer side of the rotary drive device 3 is provided with a hub fixing device 5, the hub fixing device 5 is provided with multiple groups, the mounting outer frame 2 is provided with a press mechanism 6, one side of the press frame 1 is provided with a feeding mechanism 7, the top surface of one side of the press frame 1 is provided with a terminal controller 8, the bottom surface of the press frame 1 is provided with a support bracket 9, the other side of the press frame 1 is provided with a discharge door 10, and one side of the press frame 1 is provided with a main drive device 11.

[0021] The pressing mechanism 6 is installed by installing the outer frame 2, the heavy truck wheel hub bearing is driven to rotate by the rotary drive device 3, the heavy truck wheel hub bearing is positioned by the bearing positioning device 4, and the heavy truck wheel hub bearing is limited and fixed by the wheel hub fixing device 5 to prevent deviation during the pressing operation, the heavy truck wheel hub bearing is pressed by the pressing mechanism 6, the heavy truck wheel hub bearing to be pressed is transmitted by the feeding mechanism 7, the entire equipment is controlled by the terminal controller 8, the pressing machine frame 1 is supported by the support bracket 9, the discharge door 10 is used to facilitate the operator to inspect and repair the inside of the installation outer frame 2, and the overall driving device 11 is used to supply energy and drive the entire equipment.

[0022] See also Figure 4 In this embodiment, a heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press also includes the following modules: Multi-dimensional sensing and positioning module: used for sub-millimeter spatial positioning of bearings and hubs; Multi-modal drive module: used to provide composite drive modes adapted to different working conditions; Adaptive press-fitting module: used for precision press-fitting with force-displacement closed-loop control; Intelligent diagnostic module: used for predictive maintenance and root cause analysis; Human-machine collaboration module: used to enhance operational interaction and remote control capabilities; Environmental adaptation module: used to ensure the stability of equipment under harsh working conditions.

[0023] Preferably, the multi-dimensional perception positioning module includes: A11: Laser scanning unit, including a multi-line laser transmitter, a high-precision reflector group and a dynamic calibration sensor, is used to generate three-dimensional profile data of the bearing and hub and compensate for assembly reference surface errors; A12: Pressure sensing array unit, including a flexible piezoelectric film, a signal amplifier, and a temperature compensation circuit, used to detect the pressure distribution on the contact surface and identify the initial fit state; A13: Vision guidance unit, including industrial camera, ring LED light source and image processing mainboard, used to identify bearing codes and hub feature marks and generate assembly paths.

[0024] Preferably, the multimodal driving module includes: A21: Servo motor unit, including permanent magnet synchronous motor, planetary reducer and torque sensor, used for low-speed and high-torque rotation drive; A22: Hydraulic booster unit, including proportional servo valve, accumulator and pressure sensor, used to provide high-pressure oil to drive the press cylinder; A23: Electromagnetic brake unit, including disc brake disc, excitation coil and friction plate, used for emergency braking and position holding.

[0025] Preferably, the multimodal driving module comprises the following steps when operating: S11: The terminal controller 8 sends a working instruction to the multi-modal drive module via the bus; S12: The torque sensor of the servo motor group collects the current load characteristics in real time; S13: hydraulic booster unit pressure sensor feedback system oil pressure status; S14: The disc brake disc of the electromagnetic brake is locked in the initial position; S15: When the pressing force requirement is detected to be greater than 50kN, it automatically switches to the hydraulic drive mode; S16: The proportional servo valve is opened to 35% and the accumulator is pre-filled with oil to 18 MPa; S17: The permanent magnet synchronous motor speed drops to 80 rpm, and the planetary reducer switches to a low speed ratio gear; S18: The excitation coil of the electromagnetic brake is energized and the friction plate releases the braking pressure; S19: The servo motor group and the hydraulic booster unit output power synchronously; S110: The torque sensor monitors the output torque in real time and dynamically adjusts the motor current and hydraulic flow; S111: When the pressure feedback mechanism 6 fluctuates > ± 3%, the pressure closed-loop control is started; S112: The proportional servo valve opening is fine-tuned at a rate of 0.5% / ms to maintain system pressure stability; S113: The accumulator absorbs the instantaneous pressure shock and suppresses the pressure overshoot to <1.5MPa; S114: After the visual guidance unit identifies the bearing code, adjust the speed of the rotary drive device 3; S115: The speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is linearly adjusted within the range of 50-120 rpm; S116: The planetary reducer achieves torque amplification to 800 N·m through three-stage gear shifting; S117: When the displacement monitoring unit detects an abnormal displacement mutation, the electromagnetic brake completes full braking within 15ms, and the brake disc temperature instantly rises ≤80℃; S118: The hydraulic booster unit starts the safety valve to release pressure, and the system pressure drops to 0 MPa within 0.3 seconds; S119: After the press-fitting is completed, the servo motor unit switches to generator mode; S120: The permanent magnet synchronous motor converts rotational kinetic energy into electrical energy and feeds it back to the supercapacitor bank; S121: The hydraulic booster unit closes the proportional servo valve and the accumulator maintains a residual pressure of 5 MPa.

[0026] Preferably, the adaptive press-fitting module comprises: A31: Floating pressure head unit, including ball joint connecting rod, pressure sensor and elastic compensation spring, used to automatically compensate for the parallelism deviation of the bearing end face; A32: Displacement monitoring unit, including grating scale, reading head and dustproof sealing sleeve, used for real-time measurement of press-fit depth and coaxiality; A33: Vibration suppression unit, including acceleration sensor, active damper and control algorithm chip, used to attenuate structural vibration caused by press-fit impact.

[0027] Preferably, the adaptive press-fitting module comprises the following steps when operating: S21: The ball connecting rod of the floating pressure head unit approaches the bearing end face at a rate of 0.1 mm / s; S22: The pressure sensor array collects contact pressure at 6 points and determines contact when the pressure at any point is greater than 2kN; S23: When the pre-compression amount of the elastic compensation spring reaches 1.2mm, the press-fit start signal is triggered; S24: The terminal controller 8 calls the pressure compensation algorithm, setting the pressure gradient to 8kN / s; S25: The floating pressure head unit dynamically adjusts the extension of each ball joint according to the pressure distribution data; S26: The pressure sensor corrects the pressure deviation in real time to ensure that the pressure uniformity of the contact surface is greater than 95%; S27: The grating ruler of the displacement monitoring unit collects the press-fit depth with a resolution of 0.5 μm; S28: When the coaxiality deviation is detected to be greater than 0.05 mm, the three-dimensional calibration procedure is started; S29: The active damper adjusts the pressure head posture at a frequency of 50Hz, and the deviation correction period is ≤80ms; S210: When the acceleration sensor detects a vibration amplitude greater than 0.3g, active damping is triggered; S211: The control algorithm chip calculates the compensation current within 2ms and drives the active damper; S212: The damping force output is 180° out of phase with the vibration, and the vibration decay time constant is shortened to 35ms; S213: After reaching the set press depth, a three-stage pressure holding process is initiated: Stage 1: Pressure is maintained for 10 seconds with a pressure fluctuation range of ±1%; Stage 2: Pressure is unloaded in steps to 80% of the rated value at an unloading rate of 0.5 kN / s; Stage 3: The floating pressure head unit maintains a 0.2 mm micro-motion compensation to eliminate the effects of thermal expansion and contraction; S214: After the pressure is maintained, the elastic compensation spring releases the preload at a rate of 0.3 mm / s; S215: The pressure sensor monitors the demoulding force peak and immediately pauses when a sudden change is detected; S216: The active damper outputs reverse damping to suppress demolding vibration energy; S217: After the pressure head returns to a safe position, the module self-test program is started; S218: Grating ruler calibration zero position deviation, displacement zeroing error <0.002mm; S219: The ball joint connecting rod of the floating pressure head unit is automatically replenished with grease; S220: The acceleration sensor of the vibration suppression unit is calibrated for temperature drift compensation.

[0028] Preferably, the intelligent diagnosis module includes: A41: Oil monitoring unit, including particle counter, viscosity sensor and moisture sensor, used to detect hydraulic oil contamination; A42: Vibration analysis unit, including a three-axis accelerometer, spectrum analyzer and data logger, used to diagnose the balance condition of rotating components; A43: Acoustic emission detector unit, including piezoelectric sensor, preamplifier and noise filtering circuit, used to capture the initial crack growth signal of the bearing.

[0029] Preferably, the human-machine collaboration module includes: A51: Augmented reality unit, including a head-mounted display, spatial positioning sensors, and gesture recognition cameras for 3D visual assembly guidance; A52: Safety interlock unit, including grating sensor, emergency stop button and logic control unit, used to prevent personnel from accidentally entering the dangerous area; A53: 5G communication unit, including an industrial router, antenna array, and encryption module, for remote device monitoring and firmware upgrades.

[0030] Preferably, the environmental adaptation module includes: A61: Temperature control unit, including semiconductor cooling plate, temperature sensor and cooling fan, used to maintain the hydraulic oil temperature at 40±2℃; A62: Dust removal unit, including negative pressure fan, filter element and dust concentration sensor, used to maintain the cleanliness of the press area; A63: Ground monitoring unit, including ground resistance tester, conductive brush and alarm indicator light, used to prevent static electricity accumulation from causing electrical corrosion of bearings.

[0031] Example 1 Implementation background: With the rapid development of the heavy-duty truck industry, higher requirements are placed on the press-fitting quality and efficiency of wheel hub bearings. Traditional wheel hub bearing presses have problems such as low positioning accuracy, rough press-fitting process control, and poor equipment adaptability. They are difficult to meet the high standards of modern heavy-duty truck manufacturing. In order to improve press-fitting quality, increase production efficiency, and reduce maintenance costs, a heavy-duty truck manufacturing company decided to introduce a heavy-duty truck wheel hub bearing rotary press of the present invention.

[0032] Implementation steps: S31: On the production line of a heavy truck manufacturing enterprise, install the press machine frame 1, install the outer frame 2, the rotation drive device 3, the bearing positioning device 4, the hub fixing device 5, the press mechanism 6, the feeding mechanism 7, the terminal controller 8, the support bracket 9, the discharge door 10 and the total drive device 11 according to the equipment layout diagram; S32: Connect the electrical and hydraulic lines between modules to ensure smooth signal transmission and power supply; S33: Perform equipment debugging, including calibration of the multi-dimensional sensing and positioning module, parameter setting of the multi-modal drive module, and adjustment of the pressure compensation algorithm of the adaptive press-fit module, to ensure that all modules of the equipment work together to achieve optimal performance; S34: Prepare heavy truck wheel bearings and hubs that need to be pressed according to the production plan; S35: Set the press parameters by the terminal controller 8, such as press force, press displacement, holding time, etc.; S36: Start the feeding mechanism 7, the heavy truck wheel bearing is delivered to the designated position; S37: The multi-dimensional sensing and positioning module operates. The laser scanning unit generates three-dimensional contour data of the bearing and wheel hub. The pressure sensing array detects the pressure distribution on the contact surface. The visual guidance unit identifies the bearing code and wheel hub feature mark and generates the assembly path. S38: The rotation drive device 3 drives the heavy truck wheel hub bearing to rotate, the bearing positioning device 4 accurately positions the bearing, the wheel hub fixing device 5 limits the fixed hub; S39: The adaptive press-fitting module operates. The floating press head unit dynamically adjusts the extension of each ball joint connecting rod based on the pressure distribution data. The displacement monitoring unit measures the press-fitting depth and coaxiality in real time. The vibration suppression unit attenuates the structural vibration caused by the press-fitting impact. S310: The multi-modal drive module provides compound drive modes adapted to different working conditions. The servo motor group and the hydraulic booster unit output power synchronously to achieve precise control of the press force. S311: After reaching the set pressing depth, start the three-stage pressure holding program to ensure the pressing quality; S312: After the pressure is completed, the press-fitting mechanism 6 returns, the feeding mechanism 7 delivers the next workpiece; S313: Perform quality inspection on the press-fitted wheel hub bearings, including press-fitting accuracy, rotational flexibility and other indicators; S314: Record key data during the press-fitting process, such as press-fitting force, press-fitting displacement, and holding time, for quality traceability and process optimization; S315: Regularly perform equipment maintenance and upkeep, including cleaning the equipment surface, checking the working status of each module, and replacing worn parts; S316: Use the intelligent diagnostic module to perform predictive maintenance on the equipment, detect and handle potential faults in a timely manner, and ensure the stable operation of the equipment.

[0033] Data comparison table:

[0034] Summary: A heavy-duty truck wheel hub bearing rotary press of the present invention significantly improves the pressing accuracy, pressing efficiency, equipment reliability and operation convenience, and reduces maintenance costs by introducing a multi-dimensional sensing and positioning module, a multi-modal driving module, an adaptive pressing module, an intelligent diagnosis module, a human-machine collaboration module and an environmental adaptation module. In actual application at a heavy-duty truck manufacturing enterprise, the scheme of the present invention has demonstrated excellent performance, met the high-standard requirements of modern heavy-duty truck manufacturing, and brought significant economic and social benefits to the enterprise.

[0035] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press; characterized by: The invention comprises a press machine frame (1), an installation outer frame (2), a rotary drive device (3), a bearing positioning device (4), a wheel hub fixing device (5), a press mechanism (6), a feeding mechanism (7), a terminal controller (8), a support bracket (9), a discharge door (10) and a main drive device (11). The press machine frame (1) is provided with an installation outer frame (2) above, the press machine frame (1) is provided with a rotary drive device (3) on the surface, the rotary drive device (3) is provided with a bearing positioning device (4) on the surface, and the rotary drive device (3) is provided with a bearing positioning device (4) on the surface. A hub fixing device (5) is provided on the outside of the driving device (3), and the hub fixing device (5) is provided with multiple groups. A pressing mechanism (6) is provided inside the mounting outer frame (2), a feeding mechanism (7) is provided on one side of the pressing machine frame (1), a terminal controller (8) is provided on the top surface of one side of the pressing machine frame (1), a supporting bracket (9) is provided on the bottom surface of the pressing machine frame (1), a discharge door (10) is provided on the other side of the pressing machine frame (1), and a main driving device (11) is provided on one side of the pressing machine frame (1).

2. The heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes the following modules: Multi-dimensional sensing and positioning module: used for sub-millimeter spatial positioning of bearings and hubs; Multi-modal drive module: used to provide composite drive modes adapted to different working conditions; Adaptive press-fitting module: used for precision press-fitting with force-displacement closed-loop control; Intelligent diagnostic module: used for predictive maintenance and root cause analysis; Human-machine collaboration module: used to enhance operational interaction and remote control capabilities; Environmental adaptation module: used to ensure the stability of equipment under harsh working conditions.

3. The heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-dimensional perception and positioning module includes: A11: Laser scanning unit, including a multi-line laser transmitter, a high-precision reflector group and a dynamic calibration sensor, is used to generate three-dimensional profile data of the bearing and hub and compensate for assembly reference surface errors; A12: Pressure sensing array unit, including a flexible piezoelectric film, a signal amplifier, and a temperature compensation circuit, used to detect the pressure distribution on the contact surface and identify the initial bonding state; A13: Vision guidance unit, including industrial camera, ring LED light source and image processing mainboard, used to identify bearing codes and hub feature marks and generate assembly paths.

4. The heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multimodal drive module includes: A21: Servo motor unit, including permanent magnet synchronous motor, planetary reducer and torque sensor, used for low-speed and high-torque rotation drive; A22: Hydraulic booster unit, including proportional servo valve, accumulator and pressure sensor, used to provide high-pressure oil to drive the press cylinder; A23: Electromagnetic brake unit, including disc brake disc, excitation coil and friction plate, used for emergency braking and position holding.

5. The heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press according to claim 4, characterized in that: The multi-modal drive module includes the following steps when working: S11: The terminal controller (8) sends a working condition instruction to the multi-mode drive module via the bus; S12: The torque sensor of the servo motor group collects the current load characteristics in real time; S13: The pressure sensor of the hydraulic booster unit feeds back the oil pressure status of the system; S14: The disc brake disc of the electromagnetic brake is locked in an initial position; S15: When the press force requirement is detected to be greater than 50kN, it automatically switches to the hydraulic drive mode; S16: The proportional servo valve is opened to 35% of its opening, and the accumulator is pre-filled with oil to 18 MPa; S17: The speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor drops to 80 rpm, and the planetary reducer switches to a low speed ratio gear; S18: The excitation coil of the electromagnetic brake is energized, and the friction plate releases the braking pressure; S19: The servo motor group and the hydraulic booster unit output power synchronously; S110: The torque sensor monitors the output torque in real time and dynamically adjusts the motor current and hydraulic flow; S111: When the pressure fluctuation of the press-fitting mechanism (6) is greater than ±3%, the pressure closed-loop control is started; S112: The proportional servo valve opening is fine-tuned at a rate of 0.5% / ms to maintain system pressure stability; S113: The accumulator absorbs the instantaneous pressure shock and suppresses the pressure overshoot to less than 1.5 MPa; S114: After the visual guidance unit recognizes the bearing code, it adjusts the rotation speed of the rotary drive device (3); S115: The speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is linearly adjusted within the range of 50-120 rpm; S116: The planetary reducer achieves torque amplification to 800 N·m through three-stage gear shifting; S117: When the displacement monitoring unit detects an abnormal displacement mutation, the electromagnetic brake completes full braking within 15ms, and the brake disc temperature instantly rises by ≤80°C; S118: The hydraulic booster unit starts the safety valve to release pressure, and the system pressure drops to 0 MPa within 0.3 seconds; S119: After the press-fitting is completed, the servo motor group switches to the generator mode; S120: The permanent magnet synchronous motor converts the rotational kinetic energy into electrical energy and feeds it back to the supercapacitor bank; S121: The hydraulic booster unit closes the proportional servo valve and the accumulator maintains a residual pressure of 5 MPa.

6. The heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adaptive press-fit module includes: A31: Floating pressure head unit, including ball head connecting rod, pressure sensor and elastic compensation spring, used to automatically compensate for the parallelism deviation of the bearing end face; A32: Displacement monitoring unit, including grating scale, reading head and dustproof sealing sleeve, used for real-time measurement of press-fit depth and coaxiality; A33: Vibration suppression unit, including acceleration sensor, active damper and control algorithm chip, used to attenuate structural vibration caused by press-fit impact.

7. The heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press according to claim 6, characterized in that: The adaptive press-fitting module operates in the following steps: S21: The ball connecting rod of the floating pressure head unit approaches the bearing end face at a rate of 0.1 mm / s; S22: The pressure sensor array collects contact pressure at 6 points, and determines contact when the pressure at any point is greater than 2 kN; S23: When the pre-compression amount of the elastic compensation spring reaches 1.2 mm, the press-fit start signal is triggered; S24: The terminal controller (8) calls the pressure compensation algorithm and sets the pressure gradient to 8 kN / s; S25: The floating pressure head unit dynamically adjusts the extension of each ball joint according to the pressure distribution data; S26: The pressure sensor corrects the pressure deviation in real time to ensure that the pressure uniformity of the contact surface is greater than 95%; S27: The grating ruler of the displacement monitoring unit collects the press-fitting depth at a resolution of 0.5 μm; S28: When the coaxiality deviation is detected to be greater than 0.05 mm, the three-dimensional calibration procedure is started; S29: The active damper adjusts the pressure head posture at a frequency of 50 Hz, and the deviation correction period is ≤ 80 ms; S210: When the acceleration sensor detects a vibration amplitude greater than 0.3g, active damping is triggered; S211: The control algorithm chip calculates the compensation current within 2ms and drives the active damper; S212: The damping force output is 180° out of phase with the vibration, and the vibration decay time constant is shortened to 35ms; S213: After reaching the set press depth, the three-stage pressure holding process is started: the first stage: the pressure is maintained for 10 seconds, with a pressure fluctuation range of ±1%; the second stage: the pressure is unloaded stepwise to 80% of the rated value, with an unloading rate of 0.5kN / s; the third stage: the floating pressure head unit maintains 0.2mm micro-movement compensation to eliminate the influence of thermal expansion and contraction; S214: After the pressure maintenance is completed, the elastic compensation spring releases the preload at a rate of 0.3 mm / s; S215: The pressure sensor monitors the demoulding force peak value and immediately pauses when a sudden change is detected; S216: The active damper outputs reverse damping to suppress demolding vibration energy; S217: After the pressure head returns to the safe position, the module self-test program is started; S218: Grating ruler checks zero position deviation, displacement zeroing error is less than 0.002mm; S219: The ball joint connecting rod of the floating pressure head unit is automatically replenished with grease; S220: The acceleration sensor of the vibration suppression unit is calibrated for temperature drift compensation.

8. The heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intelligent diagnosis module includes: A41: Oil monitoring unit, including particle counter, viscosity sensor and moisture sensor, used to detect hydraulic oil contamination; A42: Vibration analysis unit, including a three-axis accelerometer, spectrum analyzer and data recorder, used to diagnose the balance condition of rotating components; A43: Acoustic emission detector unit, including piezoelectric sensor, preamplifier and noise filtering circuit, used to capture the initial crack growth signal of the bearing.

9. The heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press according to claim 2, characterized in that: The human-machine collaboration module includes: A51: Augmented reality unit, including a head-mounted display, spatial positioning sensors, and gesture recognition cameras for 3D visual assembly guidance; A52: Safety interlock unit, including grating sensor, emergency stop button and logic control unit, used to prevent people from accidentally entering the dangerous area; A53: 5G communication unit, including an industrial router, antenna array, and encryption module, for remote device monitoring and firmware upgrades.

10. The heavy truck wheel hub bearing rotary press according to claim 2, characterized in that: The environmental adaptation module includes: A61: Temperature control unit, including semiconductor cooling chip, temperature sensor and cooling fan, used to maintain the hydraulic oil temperature at 40±2℃; A62: Dust removal unit, including negative pressure fan, filter element and dust concentration sensor, used to maintain the cleanliness of the press area; A63: Ground monitoring unit, including ground resistance tester, conductive brush and alarm indicator light, used to prevent static electricity accumulation from causing electrical corrosion of bearings.

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