Mobile multi-hop ad hoc network, networking method and transmission method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mobile multi-hop ad hoc network, a networking method and a transmission method, which adopt an MAC (Media Access Control) address as a unique identifier of a node and avoid complex IP (Internet Protocol) address configuration and distribution. Secondly, the networking method provided by the invention realizes decentralization of the mobile ad hoc network, when individual nodes fail, multi-hop transmission can still be carried out, the whole network has better survivability, and the on-demand routing mode avoids extra energy consumption caused by periodic routing and is suitable for embedded equipment. Besides, a multi-path transmission mechanism is adopted in the transmission method, when a local path fails, a standby path can still be used, and the reliability of data transmission is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless network communications, and in particular to a mobile multi-hop self-organizing network, a networking method and a transmission method. Background Art

[0002] As distributed wireless networks that don't rely on fixed infrastructure, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have demonstrated significant application value in areas such as emergency communications, military reconnaissance, the Internet of Things (IoT), and smart device interconnection. Their self-organizing and multi-hop transmission capabilities enable autonomous node networking and data transmission in dynamic topological environments.

[0003] However, traditional mobile ad hoc network technology still has several bottlenecks in practical applications. First, existing solutions mostly rely on IP address allocation mechanisms to implement node identification. In scenarios with a large number of devices or frequent changes in network topology, the configuration and maintenance of IP addresses are highly complex and difficult to meet the needs of rapid deployment. Secondly, centralized routing management or periodic routing update mechanisms lead to large network overhead, and frequent routing broadcasts significantly increase node energy consumption, which is particularly unsuitable for resource-constrained embedded devices. In addition, the single-path transmission mode is prone to communication interruption when the node moves or the link fails, and the existing retransmission mechanism lacks multi-path redundancy support, resulting in insufficient data transmission reliability. At the same time, the existing technology lacks an effective network group isolation mechanism, and nodes of different services or user groups are prone to interference in the same physical channel, affecting network security and communication efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a mobile multi-hop ad hoc network, a networking method and a transmission method, which can establish a decentralized multi-hop ad hoc network suitable for embedded devices.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for a mobile multi-hop ad hoc network, comprising the following steps: Configuring the node to include a data transmission module; The node is connected to the neighboring nodes for mutual communication, and the neighboring nodes unicast, broadcast and receive data on the same channel through the data transmission module; The information transmitted on the node includes two types: one is control information, including neighbor heartbeat information, discovered node information, response discovered node information, and data confirmation information; the other is data information, including single-hop fragmented data information.

[0006] The node uses the MAC address of the data transmission module as a unique identifier.

[0007] Accordingly, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a networking method using the above-mentioned mobile multi-hop ad hoc network, comprising the following steps: S11: configuring the node's networking parameters, the networking parameters including the channel and group number of the wireless transmission module (1); S12: the node broadcasts and receives a heartbeat message via the wireless transmission module (1), wherein the heartbeat message includes the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the sending node; S13: The node broadcasts and receives a node discovery message through the wireless transmission module (1), wherein the node discovery message includes the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the sending node, the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the target node, the group number, the broadcast ID, the routing sequence number, the message lifetime, and the number of hops; S14: The node receives a response discovery node message via unicast of the wireless transmission module (1), wherein the discovery node reply message includes the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1), the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the target node, the group number, the route validity time, the number of hops, and the route sequence number.

[0008] Wherein, the S12 includes the following steps: S121: the node broadcasts a heartbeat message to a single-hop neighbor node via the wireless transmission module (1); S122: The node receives a heartbeat message through the wireless transmission module (1). If the node's neighbor table already has a node entry for the heartbeat message, the node updates its neighbor table entry information. If the node's neighbor table does not have a node entry for the heartbeat message, the node adds the entry, wherein the entry includes the MAC address of the node's wireless transmission module (1), the update time, and a received signal strength indicator.

[0009] Furthermore, the step S122 further includes a step of screening the received heartbeat information, including: S1221: If the received signal strength indicator of the heartbeat message is within the range of -50dBm to 0dBm, it is determined to be a valid neighbor node, and the MAC address, update time and received signal strength indicator of the wireless transmission module of the heartbeat message sender are saved to the neighbor table. If the received signal strength indicator of the heartbeat message is not within the above range, the neighbor table is not updated; S1222: If all adjacency table entries are viewed, the current time of the node is t current , in ms, if the current entry (t current -t last )>1000ms, it means that the neighbor node entry is invalid and it will be removed from the neighbor table.

[0010] Wherein, the S13 includes the following steps: S131: the node broadcasts the node discovery message to the single-hop neighbor node via the wireless transmission module (1); S132: The receiving node receives the node discovery message through the wireless transmission module (1). If the group number of the node discovery message is inconsistent with the group number of the receiving node itself, the message is discarded. If the group number of the node discovery message is consistent with the group number of the receiving node itself, S133 is executed. S133: Subtract one from the message lifetime of the node discovery message. If the message lifetime is zero, discard the message. If the message lifetime is greater than zero, execute step S134. S134: If the node has the discovery node message entry, discard the message, the discovery node message entry includes the MAC address and broadcast ID of the wireless transmission module (1) of the sending node of the discovery node message; if the node does not have the discovery node message entry, save the entry and routing information, and execute S135; S135: If the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the target node of the node discovery message is inconsistent with the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the receiving node itself, the hop count of the node discovery message is increased by one, and the message is broadcast to the single-hop neighbor node through the wireless transmission module (1) of the node itself, and S136 is executed. If the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the target node of the node discovery message is consistent with the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the receiving node itself, S136 is directly executed; S136: The node unicasts a node discovery response message to the previous hop node via the wireless transmission module (1), wherein the previous hop node refers to a direct node that sends the node discovery message to the node.

[0011] Wherein, the S14 includes the following steps: S141: The node sends a response message to the discovered node to the previous hop node; S142: The node receives a response message for discovering a node, saves routing information, and if the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the target node in the response message for discovering a node is inconsistent with the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the node itself, executes S141 according to the routing information.

[0012] Accordingly, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a transmission method using the above networking method, comprising the following steps: S21: The source node obtains the route of the destination node; S22: The node unicasts the data fragments to the next-hop node according to the routing information, where the routing information refers to one or more next-hop path entries; S23: The receiving data node waits to receive all data fragments. If a data fragment is incorrect, it requests retransmission of the fragment. If all data fragments are received correctly, it executes S24; S24: If the destination address of the data is inconsistent with the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the node, then S22 is executed. If the destination address of the data is consistent with the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the node, then the node unicasts a transmission completion message to the next hop node according to the reverse routing information. The transmission completion message includes the transmission source MAC address and the transmission destination address. S25: If the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the receiving node is inconsistent with the destination address of the transmission completion message, the node unicasts the transmission completion message to the next hop node through the wireless transmission module (1) according to the routing information. If the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the receiving node is consistent with the destination address of the transmission completion message, it indicates that the transmission is completed.

[0013] Wherein, the S22 also includes the step of: if the data fragment fails to be transmitted to the next hop or the next hop path expires, deleting the next hop path and repeating step S22.

[0014] Implementation of the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The mobile multi-hop ad hoc network of the present invention uses MAC addresses as unique node identifiers, avoiding complex IP address configuration and allocation. The networking method of the present invention achieves decentralization in the mobile ad hoc network. Even when individual nodes fail, multi-hop transmission can still be performed, making the entire network highly resilient. Its on-demand routing method avoids the additional energy consumption associated with periodic routing and is suitable for embedded devices. Furthermore, the transmission method of the present invention utilizes a multi-path transmission mechanism, enabling the use of alternative paths in the event of local path failure, thereby increasing data transmission reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a single node in a mobile multi-hop ad hoc network according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A flow chart of a method for establishing a mobile multi-hop ad hoc network according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a flow chart of a transmission method for a mobile multi-hop ad hoc network according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a network topology structure used in a method for establishing a mobile multi-hop ad hoc network according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a topological structure of a network after movement, adopted by the networking method of a mobile multi-hop ad hoc network according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of partial network topology failure adopted by the transmission method of the mobile multi-hop ad hoc network according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] A first aspect of this embodiment provides a method for mobile multi-hop ad hoc networking.

[0018] The specific structure of a single node is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it includes data transmission modules 1 that communicate with each other.

[0019] This embodiment includes multiple nodes, where two nodes that can communicate with each other through a single hop are called direct nodes, and two nodes that need to go through multiple hops to communicate with each other are called indirect nodes.

[0020] The information transmitted between nodes is mainly divided into two categories. One is control information, including neighbor heartbeat information, discovered node information, response discovered node information, and data confirmation information; the other is data information, including single-hop shard data information.

[0021] The neighboring node unicasts, broadcasts and receives data on the same channel through its own wireless transmission module 1 and uses the MAC address of the data transmission module as a unique identifier.

[0022] A second aspect of this embodiment provides a networking method using the above-mentioned mobile multi-hop ad hoc network, which is implemented through the following steps.

[0023] Step S11: Each node configures its networking parameters, including the channel and group number of the wireless transmission module 1 and obtains the MAC address of its own wireless transmission module 1. Next, the node enters three listening states simultaneously, listening for heartbeat messages, routing requests, and node discovery messages respectively.

[0024] Step S12: The node broadcasts and receives a heartbeat message through the wireless transmission module 1 , where the heartbeat message includes the MAC address of the wireless transmission module 1 of the node.

[0025] Broadcasting heartbeat messages and receiving heartbeat messages are independent of each other. The specific steps include: Step S121: The node broadcasts the heartbeat message to neighboring nodes through the wireless transmission module 1. This step is periodic and the execution cycle is 500ms.

[0026] Step S122: The node receives a heartbeat message through the wireless transmission module 1. If the node's neighbor table already has a node entry for the heartbeat message, its neighbor table entry information is updated. If the node's neighbor table does not have a node entry for the heartbeat message, the entry is added. The entry includes the MAC address of the node's wireless transmission module 1, the update time tlast, and the received signal strength indication RSSI, where tlast is in ms and RSSI is in dBm.

[0027] To ensure the quality of communication, it is necessary to further filter the received heartbeat messages. Only those that meet the conditions can be judged as the sender of a neighbor node. The heartbeat messages are saved and the neighbor table is refreshed. The details are as follows: Step S1221: If the received signal strength indicator of the heartbeat message is within the range of -50dBm to 0dBm, it is determined to be a valid neighbor node, and the MAC address, update time and received signal strength indicator of the wireless transmission module 1 of the heartbeat message sender are saved to the neighbor table. If the received signal strength indicator of the heartbeat message is not within the above range, the neighbor table is not updated.

[0028] Step S1222: traverse all adjacency table entries. The current time of the node is tcurrent, in milliseconds. If the current entry (tcurrent - tlast) is greater than 1000 milliseconds, it means that the neighbor node entry is invalid and is removed from the neighbor table.

[0029] Step S13: The node broadcasts and receives a node discovery message through the wireless transmission module 1. The node discovery message includes the MAC address of the wireless transmission module 1 of the sending node, the MAC address of the wireless transmission module 1 of the target node, the group number, the broadcast ID, the routing sequence number, the message lifetime, and the number of hops.

[0030] Broadcasting and receiving node discovery messages are independent of each other and specifically include the following steps: Step S131: When a node needs to discover other nodes in the same group in the network, it broadcasts a node discovery message to neighboring nodes through the wireless transmission module 1. If the MAC address of the node discovery message is ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, it means that the source node needs to discover all other nodes in the same group. Otherwise, it means that the source node mainly focuses on discovering the destination node.

[0031] Step S132: The node receives the node discovery message through the wireless transmission module 1. If the group number of the node discovery message is inconsistent with the node's own group number, it is judged as a message from other group nodes and discarded. If the group number of the node discovery message is consistent with the receiving node's own group number, step S133 is executed.

[0032] Therefore, from the above steps, it can be seen that nodes in different groups cannot communicate even if they are neighboring nodes, thus achieving the purpose of group isolation.

[0033] Step S133: decrement the message lifetime of the node discovery message by one. If the message lifetime is zero, discard the message. If the message lifetime is greater than zero, execute step S134. Step S134: If the node message is found to be duplicate, the message is discarded; if the node message is found to be non-duplicate, the entry and routing information are saved, and step S135 is executed.

[0034] The steps of determining whether the node discovery message is repeated include: Step S1341: Check whether there is a corresponding entry in the discovery node message list, the entry includes the MAC address of the wireless transmission module 1 of the source sending node of the discovery node message and the broadcast ID of the message. If the entry exists, it is determined that the discovery node message is a duplicate; if the entry does not exist, it is determined that the discovery node message is non-duplicate and is saved to the discovery node message list.

[0035] The lifetime determination described in step S133 and the duplicate message determination described in step S134 can both play a role in avoiding broadcast storms.

[0036] The routing information in step S134 refers to the previous hop information from the source sender to the current node. Figure 4 For example, node 1 initiates a route discovery request to node 4. When node 4 receives the node discovery message forwarded by node 3, node 4 generates routing information from node 4 to node 1, and the previous hop of the routing information is node 3.

[0037] Step S135: If the MAC address of the target node wireless transmission module 1 of the node message is inconsistent with the MAC of the wireless transmission module 1 of the receiving node itself, then the hop count of the node message is increased by one, and the node is forwarded to the neighboring node in a broadcast manner through the wireless transmission module 1 of the node itself, and step S136 is executed. If the MAC address of the target node wireless transmission module 1 of the node message is consistent with the MAC of the wireless transmission module 1 of the receiving node itself, then step S136 is directly executed. Step S136: The node queries the routing information of the source sender of the Discover Node message and unicasts the Response Discover Node message to the previous hop node via wireless transmission module 1. The previous hop node is the node that directly sent the Discover Node message to the node. At this point, a one-way route is established from the destination node to the source node.

[0038] Step S14: the node unicasts and receives a response discovery node message through the wireless transmission module 1. The discovery node reply message includes the MAC address of the wireless transmission module 1 and the wireless transmission module of the target node.

[0039] The unicast response node discovery message and the receiving response node discovery message are independent of each other and include the following steps: Step S141: the node sends a node discovery response message to the previous hop node via the wireless transmission module 1.

[0040] Step S142: The node receives a response message to the node discovery through the wireless transmission module 1 and saves the routing information. If the MAC address of the target node wireless transmission module 1 that responds to the node discovery message is inconsistent with the MAC address of the node's own wireless transmission module 1, step S141 is executed according to the routing information. If the MAC address of the target node wireless transmission module 1 that responds to the node discovery message is consistent with the MAC address of the node's own wireless transmission module 1, it indicates that the bidirectional routing between the source node and the destination node requested by the discovery node is established.

[0041] The routing information described in the above steps refers to the previous hop information from the source sender to the current node. Figure 4 For example, when node 4 responds to node 1's node discovery request and node 1 receives a node discovery response message forwarded by node 3, node 1 generates routing information from node 1 to node 4, where the previous hop of the routing information is node 3.

[0042] A third aspect of this embodiment provides a transmission method using the above networking method, which is implemented through the following steps.

[0043] Step S21: The source node obtains the route of the destination node through the above networking method. If the route exists, step S22 is executed; otherwise, it indicates that the transmission request fails.

[0044] Step S22: The node unicasts the data fragments to the next hop node through the wireless transmission module 1 according to the routing information, and repeats step S22 until all fragments of the data are successfully transmitted to the next hop.

[0045] The specific steps for transmitting each data segment include: Step S221: If the next-hop path fails, the current node's routing table deletes the next-hop entry and queries whether a backup next-hop exists. If a backup next-hop exists, the data fragments are unicasted to that next-hop node. Otherwise, the transmission request fails. If multiple backup next-hops exist, the backup next-hop with the shortest path is prioritized.

[0046] Step S222: If the data segment transmission fails, retransmit the data segment. If the retransmission fails after three times, it means that the transmission request has failed.

[0047] Step S23: The node waits to receive all data fragments. If a data fragment is incorrect, it requests retransmission of the fragment. If all data fragments are received correctly, it executes step S24. Step S24: If the destination address of the data is inconsistent with the MAC address of the wireless transmission module 1 of the node, step S22 is executed. If the destination address of the data is consistent with the MAC address of the wireless transmission module 1 of the node, the node unicasts a transmission completion message to the next hop node through the wireless transmission module 1 according to the reverse routing information. The transmission completion message includes the transmission source MAC address and the transmission destination address. Step S25: If the MAC address of the wireless transmission module 1 of the receiving node is inconsistent with the destination address of the transmission completion message, the node unicasts the transmission completion message to the next hop node through the wireless transmission module 1 according to the routing information. If the MAC address of the wireless transmission module 1 of the receiving node is consistent with the destination address of the transmission completion message, it indicates that the transmission request is completed.

[0048] The following uses simulation results to simulate the results of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] This embodiment takes two mobile multi-hop ad hoc networks consisting of 7 nodes as an example to illustrate the simulation results of steps S11 to S14 of the mobile multi-hop ad hoc network construction method. Figure 4 As shown, nodes 1, 2, 3, 4 and nodes 5, 6, 7 belong to two different groups. The connection line between the nodes indicates that the received signal strength indicator RSSI of both parties is in the range of -50dBm to 0dBm.

[0050] In step S11, nodes 1 to 7 are initialized and obtain the MAC address of their own wireless transmission module 1. Then, the nodes simultaneously enter three listening states, listening for heartbeat messages, routing requests, and node discovery messages respectively.

[0051] In step S121, each node broadcasts heartbeat information to neighboring nodes at a period of 500 ms.

[0052] In step S122, assuming that the format of the neighbor table entry is [node MAC, update time, received signal strength indicator], the neighbor table of each node is as follows:

[0053] Node 1 initiates a node discovery request. The discovery message has a lifetime of 15, a group number of 0, a routing sequence number of 0, a hop count of 0, and a broadcast ID of 0. The MAC address of the target node's wireless transmission module 1 is ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, which is the broadcast address. Nodes 1, 2, 3, and 4 each execute steps S13 and S14.

[0054] When node 1 receives the last response node discovery message, the routing tables of nodes 1, 2, 3, and 4 are as follows, where routing table entries are represented as [destination node MAC, [next hop 1 MAC], ..., [next hop n MAC]]:

[0055] At this point, node 1 has discovered all other nodes in the same network group and obtained the paths to them. Among them, there is a multi-hop bidirectional path between node 1 and node 4.

[0056] If the network topology changes at this time, such as Figure 5 As shown, the neighbor table of each node is as follows:

[0057] Node 1 initiates a node discovery request. The lifetime of the node discovery message is 15, the group number is 0, the routing sequence number is 0, the hop count is 0, and the broadcast ID is 0. The MAC address of the wireless transmission module 1 of the target node is ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, which is the broadcast address. The routing table of each node is as follows:

[0058] Below Figure 4 The simulation results of steps S21 to S24 of the transmission method for a mobile multi-hop ad hoc network of the present invention are performed using the network topology of FIG.

[0059] Node 1 initiates a transmission request to node 4. Node 1 obtains a transmission path according to step S21, where there are two transmission paths: node 1->node 2->node 4 and node 1->node 3->node 4.

[0060] Node 1 selects the first path and executes step S22. Assume that the path from node 1 to node 2 fails at this time. Figure 6 As shown, node 1 transmits the data slices to node 3 according to step S221.

[0061] Node 3 receives all data slices according to step S23 and forwards all data slices to node 4 according to step S24.

[0062] Node 4 receives all the data and sends a transmission completion message to node 3 according to step S25. Node 3 forwards the transmission completion message to node 1 according to step S25.

[0063] At this point, the multi-hop data transmission from node 1 to node 4 is completed.

[0064] The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mobile multi-hop ad hoc networking, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Configuring the node to include a data transmission module; The node is connected to the neighboring nodes for mutual communication, and the neighboring nodes unicast, broadcast and receive data on the same channel through the data transmission module; The information transmitted on the node includes two types: one is control information, including neighbor heartbeat information, discovered node information, response discovered node information, and data confirmation information; the other is data information, including single-hop fragmented data information.

2. The method for mobile multi-hop ad hoc networking according to claim 1, wherein: The node uses the MAC address of the data transmission module as a unique identifier.

3. A networking method using the mobile multi-hop ad hoc network according to claim 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S11: configuring the node's networking parameters, the networking parameters including the channel and group number of the wireless transmission module (1); S12: the node broadcasts and receives a heartbeat message via the wireless transmission module (1), wherein the heartbeat message includes the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the sending node; S13: The node broadcasts and receives a node discovery message through the wireless transmission module (1), wherein the node discovery message includes the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the sending node, the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the target node, the group number, the broadcast ID, the routing sequence number, the message lifetime, and the number of hops; S14: The node receives a response discovery node message via unicast of the wireless transmission module (1), wherein the discovery node reply message includes the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1), the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the target node, the group number, the route validity time, the number of hops, and the route sequence number.

4. The networking method according to claim 3, wherein: The S12 includes the following steps: S121: the node broadcasts a heartbeat message to a single-hop neighbor node via the wireless transmission module (1); S122: The node receives a heartbeat message through the wireless transmission module (1). If the node's neighbor table already has a node entry for the heartbeat message, the node updates its neighbor table entry information. If the node's neighbor table does not have a node entry for the heartbeat message, the node adds the entry, wherein the entry includes the MAC address of the node's wireless transmission module (1), the update time, and a received signal strength indicator.

5. The networking method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S122 further includes a step of screening the received heartbeat information, including: S1221: If the received signal strength indicator of the heartbeat message is within the range of -50dBm to 0dBm, it is determined to be a valid neighbor node, and the MAC address, update time and received signal strength indicator of the wireless transmission module of the heartbeat message sender are saved to the neighbor table. If the received signal strength indicator of the heartbeat message is not within the above range, the neighbor table is not updated; S1222: If all adjacency table entries are viewed, the current time of the node is t current , in ms, if the current entry (t current -t last )> 1000ms, it means that the neighbor node entry is invalid and it will be removed from the neighbor table.

6. The networking method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S13 comprises the following steps: S131: the node broadcasts the node discovery message to the single-hop neighbor node via the wireless transmission module (1); S132: The receiving node receives the node discovery message through the wireless transmission module (1). If the group number of the node discovery message is inconsistent with the group number of the receiving node itself, the message is discarded. If the group number of the node discovery message is consistent with the group number of the receiving node itself, S133 is executed. S133: Subtract one from the message lifetime of the node discovery message. If the message lifetime is zero, discard the message. If the message lifetime is greater than zero, execute step S134. S134: If the node has the discovery node message entry, discard the message, the discovery node message entry includes the MAC address and broadcast ID of the wireless transmission module (1) of the sending node of the discovery node message; if the node does not have the discovery node message entry, save the entry and routing information, and execute S135; S135: If the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the target node of the node discovery message is inconsistent with the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the receiving node itself, the hop count of the node discovery message is increased by one, and the message is broadcast to the single-hop neighbor node through the wireless transmission module (1) of the node itself, and S136 is executed. If the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the target node of the node discovery message is consistent with the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the receiving node itself, S136 is directly executed; S136: The node unicasts a node discovery response message to the previous hop node via the wireless transmission module (1), wherein the previous hop node refers to a direct node that sends the node discovery message to the node.

7. The networking method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S14 includes the following steps: S141: The node sends a response message to the discovered node to the previous hop node; S142: The node receives a response message for discovering a node, saves routing information, and if the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the target node in the response message for discovering a node is inconsistent with the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the node itself, executes S141 according to the routing information.

8. A transmission method using the networking method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S21: The source node obtains the route of the destination node; S22: The node unicasts the data fragments to the next-hop node according to the routing information, where the routing information refers to one or more next-hop path entries; S23: The receiving data node waits to receive all data fragments. If a data fragment is incorrect, it requests retransmission of the fragment. If all data fragments are received correctly, it executes S24; S24: If the destination address of the data is inconsistent with the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the node, then S22 is executed. If the destination address of the data is consistent with the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the node, then the node unicasts a transmission completion message to the next hop node according to the reverse routing information. The transmission completion message includes the transmission source MAC address and the transmission destination address. S25: If the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the receiving node is inconsistent with the destination address of the transmission completion message, the node unicasts the transmission completion message to the next hop node through the wireless transmission module (1) according to the routing information. If the MAC address of the wireless transmission module (1) of the receiving node is consistent with the destination address of the transmission completion message, it indicates that the transmission is completed.

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