Automatic integrated precision seeding device

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic integrated precision seeding device, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The device comprises a rack assembly, a seed supply system, a precise seed metering system, a ditching-soil covering linkage system, an automatic control system and a power transmission system, all the systems are coordinated to work through a PLC, and the integrated automatic operation of ditching, seed metering, soil covering and pressing is achieved. The device has the core advantages that electromagnetic vibration seed metering and sensor closed-loop control are adopted, the seeding precision is high (the plant spacing error is smaller than or equal to + / -5mm, and the single seed rate is larger than or equal to 95%); multiple functions are integrated, the automation integration degree is high, and the operation efficiency is improved by more than 30%; due to the modular design and the parameter adjustable characteristic, the unmanned aerial vehicle can adapt to different crops and terrains, and unmanned operation can be achieved by combining a GPS and remote control. The device effectively solves the problems of low automation degree, insufficient precision and poor adaptability of the existing seeding machine, and is suitable for large-scale agricultural production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to an automated integrated precision seeding device suitable for large-scale, high-precision seeding operations of various crops such as grains, vegetables, and cash crops. Background Art

[0002] As agricultural modernization accelerates, seeding, a critical link in agricultural production, has become increasingly important, with its efficiency and precision directly impacting crop yield and quality. Traditional manual seeding, characterized by high labor intensity and low efficiency, is no longer sufficient for large-scale agricultural production. Mechanized seeding has become mainstream, but demands for automation, integration, and precision are increasing.

[0003] Currently, seeding devices on the market are mainly divided into semi-automatic and fully automatic seeders. Semi-automatic seeders require manual assistance for seed placement and parameter adjustment, and their degree of automation is limited. While fully automatic seeders can achieve continuous operation, they often suffer from scattered functions (e.g., furrowing, seed placement, and soil covering require independent equipment), insufficient seeding accuracy (large errors in plant / row spacing, high rates of missed and reseeded seeds), and poor adaptability (difficulty adapting to different crop seed sizes and soil conditions).

[0004] Low automation integration: There is a lack of unified control over ditching, seeding, soil covering, and compaction, requiring manual coordination and resulting in poor operational continuity.

[0005] Insufficient precision: The seeding rate control accuracy is low and easily affected by seed mobility. The plant spacing adjustment relies on mechanical transmission, resulting in large errors.

[0006] Limited adaptability: poor compatibility with seeds of different particle sizes (such as wheat and corn), cumbersome sowing depth adjustment, and inability to quickly adapt to complex terrain. Summary of the Invention

[0007] An automated integrated precision seeding device, characterized by comprising a frame assembly, a seed supply system, a precision seeding system, a furrowing-covering linkage system, an automated control system, and a power transmission system;

[0008] The frame assembly serves as a bearing base, and a travel wheel is provided at the bottom;

[0009] The seed supply system includes a seed box, a vibrating feeder and a seed screening module, and the seed box is connected to the precision seeding system through a pipeline;

[0010] The precision seed metering system includes an electromagnetic vibrating seed meter, a seed counting sensor and an adjustable flow guide tube, and the electromagnetic vibrating seed meter is connected to the automatic control system through a signal line;

[0011] The trenching-covering linkage system includes a hydraulically driven trench opener, a depth sensor and a covering wheel, wherein the trench opener and the covering wheel are connected via a synchronous transmission mechanism;

[0012] The automated control system includes a PLC controller, a touch screen human-machine interface, and several sensors (displacement sensor, speed sensor, seed flow sensor). The controller is electrically connected to the vibrating feeder, electromagnetic vibrating seed metering device, hydraulic drive device, and power transmission system.

[0013] The power transmission system includes a drive motor and a gearbox, which provide power to the travel wheels, furrow openers, and covering wheels, and provide real-time feedback of the travel speed through an encoder.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0015] High degree of automation integration: Integrates functions such as ditching, seeding, and soil covering, and realizes full process automatic control through PLC, reducing manual intervention and improving operating efficiency by more than 30%;

[0016] Excellent sowing accuracy: adopting electromagnetic vibration seeding and sensor closed-loop control, single seed rate ≥95%, plant spacing / row spacing error ≤±5mm, missed seeding rate ≤1%;

[0017] Strong adaptability: Through modular design, adjustable parameters and crop database, it can adapt to different seed types, terrains and planting patterns;

[0018] High degree of intelligence: Combined with GPS, remote warning and automatic path planning, it can realize unmanned operation and reduce labor intensity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is the flow chart of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] In the description of this application, if the direction description is involved, for example, the direction or position relationship indicated by "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc. is based on the attached Figure 1The orientations or positional relationships shown are for the purpose of facilitating the description of this application and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this application. When a feature is referred to as being "disposed," "fixed," or "connected" to another feature, it may be directly disposed, fixed, or connected to the other feature or indirectly disposed, fixed, or connected to the other feature.

[0022] See also Figure 1 , the present application provides the following technical solutions: an automated integrated precision seeding device, characterized in that it includes a frame assembly, a seed supply system, a precision seeding system, a furrowing-covering linkage system, an automated control system, and a power transmission system;

[0023] The frame assembly serves as a bearing base, and a travel wheel is provided at the bottom;

[0024] The seed supply system includes a seed box, a vibrating feeder and a seed screening module, and the seed box is connected to the precision seeding system through a pipeline;

[0025] The precision seed metering system includes an electromagnetic vibrating seed meter, a seed counting sensor and an adjustable flow guide tube, and the electromagnetic vibrating seed meter is connected to the automatic control system through a signal line;

[0026] The trenching-covering linkage system includes a hydraulically driven trench opener, a depth sensor and a covering wheel, wherein the trench opener and the covering wheel are connected via a synchronous transmission mechanism;

[0027] The automated control system includes a PLC controller, a touch screen human-machine interface, and several sensors (displacement sensor, speed sensor, seed flow sensor). The controller is electrically connected to the vibrating feeder, electromagnetic vibrating seed metering device, hydraulic drive device, and power transmission system.

[0028] The power transmission system includes a drive motor and a gearbox, which provide power to the travel wheels, furrow openers, and covering wheels, and provide real-time feedback of the travel speed through an encoder.

[0029] Working principle: The automatic control system receives sensor signals (such as travel speed, seed residue, and furrowing depth) and adjusts the seeding frequency, furrowing depth, and travel speed in real time to achieve integrated automatic operation of "ditching-seeding-covering-suppression".

[0030] Further technical solutions (from the right):

[0031] The seed screening module includes a multi-layer screen (with replaceable aperture) and a blower, which can automatically screen seeds according to their particle size, remove impurities and damaged seeds, and improve seeding stability.

[0032] Technical effect: Reduce the blockage of impurities on the seed meter, improve seed purity, and adapt to crops of different particle sizes (such as rapeseed and soybeans).

[0033] The electromagnetic vibrating seed metering device has a built-in permanent magnet and a vibration coil, and controls the current frequency (adjustable from 5 to 50 Hz) through PLC to achieve single-grain / multi-grain precise seeding.

[0034] Technical effect: The seeding accuracy error is ≤±2%, which meets the needs of precision seeding, and the response speed is faster than that of a mechanical seeding device.

[0035] The furrow opener is connected to the frame through a hydraulic push rod, and the depth adjustment range is 10-100mm. It cooperates with the depth sensor to achieve real-time compensation of the sowing depth.

[0036] Technical effect: Adapts to the sowing depth requirements of different crops (such as shallow sowing of vegetables and deep sowing of corn), and maintains consistent sowing depth when the terrain is undulating.

[0037] The automated control system also includes a GPS positioning module and a path planning unit, which can preset the sowing path to achieve unmanned automatic operation.

[0038] Technical effect: Reduce manual operations, improve work efficiency, especially suitable for large areas of farmland.

[0039] The surface of the soil covering wheel is provided with spiral ridges, which can evenly cover the soil above the seeds, and the soil covering pressure is adjusted by a pressure sensor.

[0040] Technical effect: Avoid covering the soil too loosely or too tightly, promote seed germination, and reduce the impact of wind erosion.

[0041] A material level sensor is provided in the seed box. When the seed remaining amount is lower than a threshold, an early warning is issued through the touch screen and a remote terminal (such as a mobile phone APP).

[0042] Technical effect: timely reminder for replanting to avoid missed planting due to lack of seeds.

[0043] The power transmission system adopts a stepless speed change structure, and the travel speed and seeding frequency are adjusted in conjunction with the controller (the speed is adjustable from 0.5 to 5 km / h).

[0044] Technical effect: Ensure constant plant spacing at different travel speeds (plant spacing adjustment range 50-300mm) without manual mechanical adjustment.

[0045] The frame assembly adopts a modular design, and the furrow opener and the seed meter can be quickly disassembled and replaced according to the number of sowing rows (2-6 rows).

[0046] Technical effect: Improve equipment versatility, meet different row spacing requirements, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0047] The automated control system has a built-in crop parameter database, which can preset the optimal sowing parameters (plant spacing, sowing depth, and seeding rate) for crops such as wheat, corn, and cotton, and call them up with one click.

[0048] Technical effect: Simplify the operating process and reduce dependence on operator skills.

[0049] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automated integrated precision seeding device, characterized by: It includes a frame assembly, a seed supply system, a precision seeding system, a furrowing-covering linkage system, an automatic control system and a power transmission system; a traveling wheel is provided at the bottom of the frame assembly; the seed supply system includes a seed box, a vibrating feeder and a seed screening module, and the seed box is connected to the precision seeding system through a pipeline; the precision seeding system includes an electromagnetic vibrating seeding device, a seed counting sensor and an adjustable flow guide pipe, and the electromagnetic vibrating seeding device is connected to the automatic control system through a signal line; the furrowing-covering linkage system includes a hydraulically driven furrow opener, a depth sensor and a covering wheel, and the furrow opener and the covering wheel are connected through a synchronous transmission mechanism; the automatic control system includes a PLC controller, a touch screen human-machine interface and several sensors, and the controller is electrically connected to the vibrating feeder, the electromagnetic vibrating seeding device, the hydraulic drive device and the power transmission system respectively; the power transmission system includes a drive motor and a gearbox, which provide power for the traveling wheel, furrow opener and covering wheel, and provide real-time feedback of the travel speed through an encoder.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed screening module includes multiple layers of replaceable screens and a blower, and the screen aperture is 0.5-10 mm.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic vibrating seed metering device has a built-in permanent magnet and a vibrating coil, and the current frequency is controlled by PLC to be 5-50Hz.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furrow opener is connected to the frame through a hydraulic push rod, and the depth adjustment range is 10-100mm. It cooperates with the depth sensor to achieve real-time compensation of the sowing depth.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic control system also includes a GPS positioning module and a path planning unit.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the covering wheel is provided with spiral ridges, and the covering pressure is adjusted by a pressure sensor.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A material level sensor is provided in the seed box, which can issue a seed shortage warning through a touch screen and a remote terminal.

8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power transmission system adopts a continuously variable speed structure, with a travel speed of 0.5-5km / h, and is adjusted in conjunction with the seeding frequency.

9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame assembly is modular in design, and the furrow opener and seed meter can be disassembled and replaced according to the sowing requirements of 2-6 rows.

10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic control system has a built-in crop parameter database, which can preset the optimal sowing parameters of various crops.

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