Pre-paving and anti-sticking waterproof construction method for underground engineering

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground engineering pre-paving anti-sticking waterproof construction method which comprises the following steps: step 1, a base layer treatment step: firstly cleaning sundries on the surface of a base layer, ensuring that the flatness of the base layer is controlled to be less than or equal to 3mm / 3m, making internal and external corner parts into an arc shape, and making the radius R of the arc to be more than or equal to 25mm; after finishing, wetting the base layer to enable the water content to be less than or equal to 9%, and then brushing an epoxy resin base layer treating agent for two times at the interval of more than or equal to 2 hours; 2, a waterproof coiled material laying step: selecting a macromolecular self-adhesive rubber asphalt waterproof coiled material with the thickness of more than or equal to 1.2 mm and the breadth of more than or equal to 1m, and laying by adopting a hot melting method or a cold bonding method; step 3, fixing and sealing; and step 4, concrete pouring. According to the construction method, the problems that a traditional waterproof layer is prone to failure, difficult to repair and the like are solved by standardizing base layer treatment, precisely laying coiled materials, reinforcing fixing and sealing and reasonably pouring and maintaining, enhancing the bonding and adaptability of the waterproof layer and facilitating repairing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering waterproof construction, in particular to a construction method for underground engineering pre-paving reverse-adhesive waterproofing. Background Art

[0002] Underground engineering waterproofing technology is crucial for ensuring the long-term stability and durability of underground structures. With the acceleration of urbanization and the continued expansion of underground space development, the requirements for waterproofing technology are becoming increasingly stringent. Currently, underground engineering waterproofing primarily utilizes traditional external waterproofing membranes, coatings, or composite waterproofing technologies.

[0003] Externally applied waterproofing membranes are applied to the exterior of structures. While mature and cost-effective, they can easily cause hollowing and peeling due to uneven substrates or improper construction, and localized leaks are difficult to repair. Paint waterproofing layers, applied by spraying or brushing to form a continuous waterproof membrane, offer flexible construction and are suitable for complex substrates. However, coating thickness is difficult to control, durability is poor, and the substrate preparation requirements are extremely high. Composite waterproofing technology combines the advantages of both membranes and coatings, offering improved waterproofing effectiveness. However, the construction process is complex, the cost is high, and there are issues with interfacial bonding.

[0004] The main defects of the existing technology are: the waterproof layer is not firmly bonded to the main structure and is prone to local failure due to deformation of the base layer or construction damage; the waterproof layer is difficult to repair and large-scale excavation is required once leakage occurs; it has poor adaptability to complex geological conditions and foundation pits with large deformation; the construction process is cumbersome and quality control is difficult. Therefore, a pre-laid reverse-adhesive waterproofing construction method for underground projects is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a construction method for pre-laying reverse-adhesive waterproofing in underground engineering to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a construction method for pre-laying reverse-adhesive waterproofing in underground engineering, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Base layer processing steps: First, clean the surface debris of the base layer to ensure that the flatness of the base layer is controlled within the range of ≤3mm / 3m, and make the corners into arc shapes with an arc radius R ≥25mm; after completion, moisten the base layer to make the moisture content ≤9%, and then apply epoxy resin base treatment agent, with an interval of ≥2 hours, and apply twice to ensure the base layer treatment effect; Step 2: Waterproof membrane laying steps: Use polymer self-adhesive rubber asphalt waterproofing membrane (SBS type) with a thickness of ≥1.2mm and a width of ≥1m. Use hot melt or cold bonding method for laying. When laying, the self-adhesive surface of the membrane should face down and fit tightly against the base layer. The overlap width in the long side should be ≥100mm. During the laying process, use a roller to compact the edge of the membrane to ensure that the membrane is in close contact with the base layer and no wrinkles or hollows appear. Step 3: Fixing and sealing steps: After the roll material is laid, the edges are fixed with φ4mm galvanized steel nails at intervals of ≤0.5m. For the joints of the wall pipes, double sealing is performed using water stop rings and polyurethane waterproof sealant. At the same time, embedded rubber water stop strips and external water stop strips are installed at the expansion joints and construction joints to enhance the waterproof performance of the joints. Step 4: Concrete pouring steps: When pouring concrete, control the slump between 120-140mm and use the inserted vibration method to avoid damaging the membrane during the vibration process; the concrete pouring height should be ≥300mm higher than the designed surface. After pouring, water curing should be carried out for ≥7 days to ensure that the concrete strength meets the standard; When treating the base layer, if there is stubborn oil stain on the base layer, it can be pre-treated with a special cleaning agent and then rinsed with clean water. When laying the waterproof membrane, for the cold bonding method, the adhesive must be accurately mixed in proportion and fully stirred with an electric stirrer to ensure the bonding effect. In the fixing and sealing steps, before applying the sealing paste, ensure that the joints are dry and clean, and use a scraper to evenly apply it to form a sealing layer without bubbles or cracks. Through meticulous base treatment, the strong bond between the waterproof layer and the base is ensured, and the risk of damage to the waterproof layer due to uneven base is reduced. The selection of polymer self-adhesive rubber asphalt waterproof membrane and its laying process not only improves the waterproof performance, but also simplifies the construction process and shortens the construction period. The dual treatment of fixing and sealing steps further enhances the waterproof ability of the node parts and effectively prevents the occurrence of leakage. The strict control of the concrete pouring steps ensures the density and strength of the concrete structure and provides solid support for the waterproof layer. Overall, this method significantly improves the waterproof effect of underground projects and extends the service life of the project through scientific construction steps and strict quality control.

[0007] Preferably, in the base treatment step, a concealed engineering inspection is carried out before applying the base treatment agent, so that the base surface is free of oil stains and laitance that affect adhesion, and the base surface flatness and the radius of the inside and outside corners meet the construction requirements; During the base treatment step, when inspecting the concealed project before applying the base treatment agent, professional quality inspectors can be arranged to use laser rangefinders, rulers and other tools to detect the flatness of the base to ensure that it is ≤3mm / 3m; use a square to check the arc of the inner and outer corners to ensure that R is ≥25mm. At the same time, use a detergent and a wire brush to thoroughly remove the oil and slurry on the surface of the base, and rinse it with clean water. After it is dry, it can be inspected to ensure that the base meets the bonding requirements; Through the acceptance of hidden projects, we ensure that the surface of the base layer is free of oil, slurry and other substances that affect adhesion. At the same time, we strictly control the flatness of the base layer and the roundness of the corners. This not only improves the bonding strength between the waterproof membrane and the base layer, but also reduces the wrinkles and hollowing of the membrane caused by the uneven base layer. The implementation of this step enhances the integrity and durability of the waterproof layer, effectively prevents groundwater leakage, and ensures the structural safety and service life of the underground project.

[0008] Preferably, when laying the waterproof roll, first perform positioning by marking lines to ensure accurate roll laying position. During the laying process, check the roll laying quality at any time, and make timely adjustments if wrinkles or hollows are found to ensure that the roll is tightly bonded to the base layer. When laying waterproof membranes, first use an ink line or laser locator to draw a reference line on the base layer to ensure the accurate placement of the membranes. During the laying process, construction workers need to check the laying quality of the membranes at any time, confirming by visual inspection and hand feeling that there are no wrinkles or hollows between the membranes and the base layer. If any quality problems are found, they should immediately use tools such as rollers or scrapers to adjust until the membranes are tightly bonded to the base layer to form a continuous waterproof layer. The implementation of line positioning and laying quality inspection measures during the laying of waterproof membranes has significantly improved the construction quality and reliability of waterproofing projects. Line positioning ensures the accuracy of the membrane laying position and avoids the risk of waterproofing failure due to position deviation. Real-time quality inspection during the laying process can promptly detect and correct potential problems such as wrinkles and hollows, ensuring that the membrane is tightly bonded to the base layer to form a seamless waterproof barrier.

[0009] Preferably, in the fixing and sealing steps, the fixing positions of the galvanized steel nails are evenly distributed, and the steel nail positions are sealed after fixing to prevent the steel nails from rusting and affecting the waterproof effect. At the same time, the node sealing process is strictly carried out in accordance with the construction specifications; During the fixing and sealing steps, the fixing positions of the galvanized steel nails should be evenly distributed on the edge of the coil by measuring marks, ensuring that the spacing is ≤0.5m. After fixing, the steel nail parts should be immediately sealed with polyurethane waterproof sealant. The application width should be ≥50mm to form a continuous sealing layer to prevent the steel nails from rusting. At the same time, for node parts such as wall pipes, double sealing should be carried out with water stop rings and polyurethane waterproof sealant. The operation should be strictly in accordance with the construction specifications to ensure that the nodes are tightly sealed. By evenly distributing galvanized steel nails and sealing them, the impact of steel nail rust on the waterproofing effect is effectively prevented, and the fixation and durability of the edge of the roll material are improved. At the same time, the strict requirements of the node sealing treatment ensure the integrity of the waterproofing system and avoid leakage problems caused by loose node sealing. These measures not only enhance the reliability of the waterproof layer, but also extend the service life of the waterproofing system, providing long-term and stable waterproof protection for underground projects and reducing the cost of subsequent maintenance and repair.

[0010] Preferably, in the concrete pouring step, the pouring process is carried out continuously to avoid the generation of construction joints. If it is interrupted for some reason, the construction joints are treated according to the specifications and a waterproof reinforcement layer is added; During the concrete pouring process, if the pouring is interrupted due to force majeure, the pouring should be stopped immediately and the poured concrete surface should be quickly roughened to remove the floating slurry and loose stones to keep the surface moist and free of water accumulation. Subsequently, a quick-closing net or water-stop steel plate should be installed at the interruption point to separate the construction joint, and a waterproof reinforcement layer should be added, such as applying waterproof paint or laying additional waterproof membranes, to ensure the waterproof performance of the construction joint; The quality and reliability of the pre-laid anti-adhesive waterproofing construction of underground projects are ensured. By requiring the pouring process to be carried out continuously, the generation of construction joints is effectively avoided, thereby reducing the hidden dangers of leakage caused by construction joints. If it is interrupted for some reason, the construction joints are handled according to the specifications and a waterproof reinforcement layer is added to further improve the waterproof performance of the construction joints and ensure the long-term stability and safety of the underground project. These measures not only reflect the rigor of the construction technology, but also ensure the quality of the project, which is of great significance for preventing and reducing leakage problems in underground projects.

[0011] Preferably, when laying the waterproof membrane, if a cold bonding method is adopted, a polymer cement-based adhesive is used, the water-cement ratio is controlled at 1:2.5-1:3, and the membrane is stirred evenly and allowed to stand for 5 minutes before use, ensuring that the bonding strength is ≥1.5MPa; The waterproof membrane is laid using a double-layer membrane laying process, with the bottom layer being a common waterproof membrane and the upper layer being a self-adhesive membrane. The two layers are laid perpendicularly to each other, with the overlaps staggered by 300 mm or more. A 5-10 mm thick polyethylene foam board buffer layer is added between the membrane and the base layer, and the joints of the buffer layer are sealed with an adhesive to improve the deformation adaptability of the base layer. When mixing the polymer cement-based adhesive, an electric stirrer should be used to ensure uniform mixing. The surface should be covered during static period to prevent water evaporation and affect the bonding performance. For double-layer membrane laying, the bottom layer of ordinary waterproof membrane should be laid first, and then the upper layer of self-adhesive membrane should be laid vertically after compacting with a roller to ensure that the two layers of membrane are tightly bonded without bubbles or hollows. The cold-bonding method is used to lay waterproof membranes, and the water-cement ratio and standing time of the polymer cement-based adhesive are strictly controlled, which can effectively ensure the bonding strength and improve the durability of the waterproof layer. The double-layer membrane laying process forms a double waterproof protection through the vertical laying of the bottom ordinary waterproof membrane and the upper self-adhesive membrane. At the same time, staggered joints reduce the risk of leakage. A polyethylene foam board buffer layer is added between the membrane and the base layer, which not only improves the deformation adaptability of the base layer, but also further enhances the waterproof effect through the adhesive sealing at the joints.

[0012] Preferably, in the fixing and sealing steps, the fixing position of the galvanized steel nail avoids the overlap of the coiled material by ≥100 mm, and the application width of the sealing paste is ≥50 mm, so as to form a continuous sealing layer; During the fixing and sealing steps, to ensure that the fixing position of the galvanized steel nails avoids the overlap of the coiled material by ≥100mm, construction workers need to use measuring tools (such as tape measures) to accurately locate and mark the fixing points before nailing. When applying the sealant, use a scraper or other tools to apply it evenly, ensuring that the application width is ≥50mm, and check whether the sealing layer is continuous and without omission to form a reliable waterproof barrier; It is stipulated that the fixing position of galvanized steel nails must avoid the lap joints of the roll materials by at least 100mm. This meticulous requirement effectively avoids the risk of waterproof layer failure caused by steel nails penetrating the lap joints of the roll materials, ensuring the integrity and continuity of the waterproof layer. At the same time, the sealing paste is applied with a width of not less than 50mm to form a continuous sealing layer. This measure further enhances the waterproof performance of the node parts and effectively prevents moisture from penetrating into the structure through gaps, thereby extending the service life of the underground project and reducing maintenance costs and safety hazards caused by leakage problems.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes: Step 5: Water-tightness test steps: After the construction is completed, a 24-hour closed water test is carried out with the test water level ≥ 200mm. If leakage is found, the local area is excavated to remove the failed waterproof layer and then re-laid and grouting is carried out to seal the leakage; During the closed water test, a dedicated person should be assigned to regularly check water level changes and leakage conditions, and record detailed data. If leakage is found, the leakage point should be marked immediately. Before excavating and removing the failed waterproof layer, the surrounding area should be protected to prevent further damage. When re-laying the waterproof layer, it must be carried out in strict accordance with the construction specifications to ensure that the newly laid waterproof layer is tightly bonded to the base layer. Grouting and plugging materials should be selected from products that meet the standards to ensure the waterproof effect. Through the 24-hour closed water test, the sealing performance of the waterproof layer can be visually tested and potential leakage hazards can be discovered in time. Once a leakage point is found, measures such as excavation to remove the failed waterproof layer and re-laying grouting to plug the leak are immediately taken. This can effectively avoid the expansion of the leakage problem and ensure the structural safety and service life of the underground project. In addition, this step also reflects the quality control awareness during the construction process. Through strict inspection and repair procedures, it is ensured that the waterproofing project achieves the expected results.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes: Step 6: Quality inspection steps: Three locations were randomly selected for peeling tests, with the bond strength ≥1.5MPa and the porosity of the concrete ≤5% during ultrasonic testing. The construction quality was controlled to ensure that the hollow area of ​​the membrane was ≤1m² / 100m² and not concentrated. During the quality inspection process, to ensure the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the inspection, a detailed inspection plan should be developed, including the selection of inspection points and the standardized operation of the inspection methods. During the inspection, professional instruments should be used to conduct peel tests and ultrasonic testing of concrete, and the data should be recorded and analyzed. Areas that do not meet the requirements for bond strength, porosity, or hollow area of ​​the membrane should be marked and recorded to provide a basis for subsequent repairs. By randomly selecting three locations for peeling tests, we ensured that the bonding strength met the standards, and the porosity of the concrete was controlled within a reasonable range through ultrasonic testing, effectively preventing leakage problems caused by weak bonding or internal defects in the concrete. At the same time, the hollow area of ​​the membrane was strictly controlled to avoid the risk of local waterproofing failure. These measures jointly improved the overall quality of the waterproofing project and ensured the safety and durability of the project.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes: Step 7. Repair steps: If the membrane is found to be damaged during construction, it will be repaired by hot melt repair method. The repair range shall cover an area ≥1.5 times the damaged area to ensure that the damaged part is effectively sealed. During the repair process, if the coil is found to be damaged, the scope of the damage should be determined first, and the damaged area and its surroundings should be cleaned to ensure that the surface is clean and free of debris. Then, hot melt repair equipment should be used to heat the repair material to a molten state and evenly apply it to the damaged area and an area ≥1.5 times its outer extension to ensure that the repair material is fully integrated with the original coil. After the repair is completed, the repair part should be compacted with a pressure roller to make it fit tightly with the base layer to avoid hollows or gaps, thereby ensuring that the damaged part is effectively sealed. It ensures timely and effective repair of damaged membranes during the pre-laid anti-adhesive waterproofing construction of underground projects. The hot-melt repair method is used. Not only is the degree of integration between the repair material and the original membrane high, but the repair range also covers an area ≥1.5 times the damaged area, further enhancing the sealing effect and effectively preventing moisture penetration. The implementation of this step improves the reliability and durability of construction quality and reduces the risk of leakage caused by membrane damage.

[0016] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a construction method for pre-laying reverse-adhesive waterproofing in underground engineering, which has the following beneficial effects: This invention achieves a close fit between the waterproof membrane and the base layer by strictly controlling the base layer flatness, the radius of the arc of the inside and outside corners, and the moisture content during the base layer treatment step, as well as applying the epoxy resin base layer treatment agent. This provides good conditions for the subsequent laying of the waterproof membrane, effectively solving the problems of hollowing and falling of the membrane caused by uneven base layers or improper treatment in traditional waterproof construction, enhancing the bonding strength between the waterproof layer and the main structure, and improving the reliability of the waterproof effect. Secondly, in the steps of laying, fixing and sealing the waterproof membrane and pouring concrete, suitable polymer self-adhesive rubber asphalt waterproof membrane is selected, a specific laying method is adopted, the edge of the membrane is fixed, the node parts are double-sealed, and waterstops are set at deformation joints and construction joints. These measures achieve all-round and multi-level waterproof protection. This method not only enhances the adaptability of the waterproof layer to complex geological conditions and foundation pits with large deformations, but also avoids damage to the membrane during concrete pouring, ensuring the integrity of the waterproof layer. At the same time, the construction process of this method is relatively standardized and orderly, which reduces the difficulty of quality control. Even if local leakage occurs, there is no need for large-scale excavation, which is easy to repair. It solves the problems of difficulty in repairing the waterproof layer, poor adaptability to complex geological conditions and deformed foundation pits, and cumbersome construction process in the existing technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a step diagram of the invention's underground engineering pre-paving anti-adhesive waterproofing construction method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention provides a technical solution, a method for pre-laying reverse-adhesive waterproofing in underground engineering. Figure 1 , including the following steps: Step 1: Base layer processing steps: First, clean the surface debris of the base layer to ensure that the flatness of the base layer is controlled within the range of ≤3mm / 3m, and make the corners into arc shapes with an arc radius R ≥25mm; after completion, moisten the base layer to make the moisture content ≤9%, and then apply epoxy resin base treatment agent, with an interval of ≥2 hours, and apply twice to ensure the base layer treatment effect; Step 2: Waterproof membrane laying steps: Use polymer self-adhesive rubber asphalt waterproofing membrane (SBS type) with a thickness of ≥1.2mm and a width of ≥1m. Use hot melt or cold bonding method for laying. When laying, the self-adhesive surface of the membrane should face down and fit tightly against the base layer. The overlap width in the long side should be ≥100mm. During the laying process, use a roller to compact the edge of the membrane to ensure that the membrane is in close contact with the base layer and no wrinkles or hollows appear. Step 3: Fixing and sealing steps: After the roll material is laid, the edges are fixed with φ4mm galvanized steel nails at intervals of ≤0.5m. For the joints of the wall pipes, double sealing is performed using water stop rings and polyurethane waterproof sealant. At the same time, embedded rubber water stop strips and external water stop strips are installed at the expansion joints and construction joints to enhance the waterproof performance of the joints. Step 4: Concrete pouring steps: When pouring concrete, control the slump between 120-140mm and use the inserted vibration method to avoid damaging the membrane during the vibration process; the concrete pouring height should be ≥300mm higher than the designed surface. After pouring, water curing should be carried out for ≥7 days to ensure that the concrete strength meets the standard; When treating the base layer, if there is stubborn oil stain on the base layer, it can be pre-treated with a special cleaning agent and then rinsed with clean water. When laying the waterproof membrane, for the cold bonding method, the adhesive must be accurately mixed in proportion and fully stirred with an electric stirrer to ensure the bonding effect. In the fixing and sealing steps, before applying the sealing paste, ensure that the joints are dry and clean, and use a scraper to evenly apply it to form a sealing layer without bubbles or cracks. Through meticulous base treatment, the strong bond between the waterproof layer and the base is ensured, and the risk of damage to the waterproof layer due to uneven base is reduced. The selection of polymer self-adhesive rubber asphalt waterproof membrane and its laying process not only improves the waterproof performance, but also simplifies the construction process and shortens the construction period. The dual treatment of fixing and sealing steps further enhances the waterproof ability of the node parts and effectively prevents the occurrence of leakage. The strict control of the concrete pouring steps ensures the density and strength of the concrete structure and provides solid support for the waterproof layer. Overall, this method significantly improves the waterproof effect of underground projects and extends the service life of the project through scientific construction steps and strict quality control.

[0019] See also Figure 1 In the base treatment step, a concealed engineering inspection is carried out before applying the base treatment agent to ensure that the base surface is free of oil stains and laitance that affect adhesion, and that the base surface flatness and the roundness of the inside and outside corners meet the construction requirements; During the base treatment step, when inspecting the concealed project before applying the base treatment agent, professional quality inspectors can be arranged to use laser rangefinders, rulers and other tools to detect the flatness of the base to ensure that it is ≤3mm / 3m; use a square to check the arc of the inner and outer corners to ensure that R is ≥25mm. At the same time, use a detergent and a wire brush to thoroughly remove the oil and slurry on the surface of the base, and rinse it with clean water. After it is dry, it can be inspected to ensure that the base meets the bonding requirements; Through the acceptance of hidden projects, we ensure that the surface of the base layer is free of oil, slurry and other substances that affect adhesion. At the same time, we strictly control the flatness of the base layer and the roundness of the corners. This not only improves the bonding strength between the waterproof membrane and the base layer, but also reduces the wrinkles and hollowing of the membrane caused by the uneven base layer. The implementation of this step enhances the integrity and durability of the waterproof layer, effectively prevents groundwater leakage, and ensures the structural safety and service life of the underground project.

[0020] See also Figure 1 When laying waterproof membranes, first use the marking line to position them accurately. During the laying process, check the laying quality of the membranes at any time. If wrinkles or hollows are found, make adjustments in time to ensure that the membranes are tightly bonded to the base layer. When laying waterproof membranes, first use an ink line or laser locator to draw a reference line on the base layer to ensure the accurate placement of the membranes. During the laying process, construction workers need to check the laying quality of the membranes at any time, confirming by visual inspection and hand feeling that there are no wrinkles or hollows between the membranes and the base layer. If any quality problems are found, they should immediately use tools such as rollers or scrapers to adjust until the membranes are tightly bonded to the base layer to form a continuous waterproof layer. The implementation of line positioning and laying quality inspection measures during the laying of waterproof membranes has significantly improved the construction quality and reliability of waterproofing projects. Line positioning ensures the accuracy of the membrane laying position and avoids the risk of waterproofing failure due to position deviation. Real-time quality inspection during the laying process can promptly detect and correct potential problems such as wrinkles and hollows, ensuring that the membrane is tightly bonded to the base layer to form a seamless waterproof barrier.

[0021] See also Figure 1 In the fixing and sealing steps, the fixing positions of the galvanized steel nails are evenly distributed. After fixing, the steel nail parts are sealed to prevent the steel nails from rusting and affecting the waterproof effect. At the same time, the node sealing treatment is strictly carried out in accordance with the construction specifications. During the fixing and sealing steps, the fixing positions of the galvanized steel nails should be evenly distributed on the edge of the coil by measuring marks, ensuring that the spacing is ≤0.5m. After fixing, the steel nail parts should be immediately sealed with polyurethane waterproof sealant. The application width should be ≥50mm to form a continuous sealing layer to prevent the steel nails from rusting. At the same time, for node parts such as wall pipes, double sealing should be carried out with water stop rings and polyurethane waterproof sealant. The operation should be strictly in accordance with the construction specifications to ensure that the nodes are tightly sealed. By evenly distributing galvanized steel nails and sealing them, the impact of steel nail rust on the waterproofing effect is effectively prevented, and the fixation and durability of the edge of the roll material are improved. At the same time, the strict requirements of the node sealing treatment ensure the integrity of the waterproofing system and avoid leakage problems caused by loose node sealing. These measures not only enhance the reliability of the waterproof layer, but also extend the service life of the waterproofing system, providing long-term and stable waterproof protection for underground projects and reducing the cost of subsequent maintenance and repair.

[0022] See also Figure 1 During the concrete pouring step, the pouring process is carried out continuously to avoid the formation of construction joints. If it is interrupted for any reason, the construction joints are treated according to the specifications and a waterproof reinforcement layer is added; During the concrete pouring process, if the pouring is interrupted due to force majeure, the pouring should be stopped immediately and the poured concrete surface should be quickly roughened to remove the floating slurry and loose stones to keep the surface moist and free of water accumulation. Subsequently, a quick-closing net or water-stop steel plate should be installed at the interruption point to separate the construction joint, and a waterproof reinforcement layer should be added, such as applying waterproof paint or laying additional waterproof membranes, to ensure the waterproof performance of the construction joint; The quality and reliability of the pre-laid anti-adhesive waterproofing construction of underground projects are ensured. By requiring the pouring process to be carried out continuously, the generation of construction joints is effectively avoided, thereby reducing the hidden dangers of leakage caused by construction joints. If it is interrupted for some reason, the construction joints are handled according to the specifications and a waterproof reinforcement layer is added to further improve the waterproof performance of the construction joints and ensure the long-term stability and safety of the underground project. These measures not only reflect the rigor of the construction technology, but also ensure the quality of the project, which is of great significance for preventing and reducing leakage problems in underground projects.

[0023] See also Figure 1 When laying waterproof membrane, if the cold bonding method is adopted, use polymer cement-based adhesive, control the water-cement ratio at 1:2.5-1:3, stir evenly and let it stand for 5 minutes before use, and ensure the bonding strength is ≥1.5MPa; The waterproof membrane is laid using a double-layer process, with the bottom layer being ordinary waterproof membrane and the upper layer being self-adhesive membrane. The two layers are laid perpendicular to each other, with the overlap staggered by 300mm or more. A 5-10mm thick polyethylene foam board buffer layer is added between the membrane and the base layer, and the joints of the buffer layer are sealed with adhesive to improve the deformation adaptability of the base layer. When mixing the polymer cement-based adhesive, an electric stirrer should be used to ensure uniform mixing. The surface should be covered during static period to prevent water evaporation and affect the bonding performance. For double-layer membrane laying, the bottom layer of ordinary waterproof membrane should be laid first, and then the upper layer of self-adhesive membrane should be laid vertically after compacting with a roller to ensure that the two layers of membrane are tightly bonded without bubbles or hollows. The cold-bonding method is used to lay waterproof membranes, and the water-cement ratio and standing time of the polymer cement-based adhesive are strictly controlled, which can effectively ensure the bonding strength and improve the durability of the waterproof layer. The double-layer membrane laying process forms a double waterproof protection through the vertical laying of the bottom ordinary waterproof membrane and the upper self-adhesive membrane. At the same time, staggered joints reduce the risk of leakage. A polyethylene foam board buffer layer is added between the membrane and the base layer, which not only improves the deformation adaptability of the base layer, but also further enhances the waterproof effect through the adhesive sealing at the joints.

[0024] See also Figure 1 During the fixing and sealing steps, the fixing position of the galvanized steel nails should avoid the overlap of the coiled material by ≥100mm, and the application width of the sealing paste should be ≥50mm to form a continuous sealing layer; During the fixing and sealing steps, to ensure that the fixing position of the galvanized steel nails avoids the overlap of the coiled material by ≥100mm, construction workers need to use measuring tools (such as tape measures) to accurately locate and mark the fixing points before nailing. When applying the sealant, use a scraper or other tools to apply it evenly, ensuring that the application width is ≥50mm, and check whether the sealing layer is continuous and without omission to form a reliable waterproof barrier; It is stipulated that the fixing position of galvanized steel nails must avoid the lap joints of the roll materials by at least 100mm. This meticulous requirement effectively avoids the risk of waterproof layer failure caused by steel nails penetrating the lap joints of the roll materials, ensuring the integrity and continuity of the waterproof layer. At the same time, the sealing paste is applied with a width of not less than 50mm to form a continuous sealing layer. This measure further enhances the waterproof performance of the node parts and effectively prevents moisture from penetrating into the structure through gaps, thereby extending the service life of the underground project and reducing maintenance costs and safety hazards caused by leakage problems.

[0025] See also Figure 1 , also includes: Step 5: Water-tightness test steps: After the construction is completed, a 24-hour closed water test is carried out with the test water level ≥ 200mm. If leakage is found, the local area is excavated to remove the failed waterproof layer and then re-laid and grouting is carried out to seal the leakage; During the closed water test, a dedicated person should be assigned to regularly check water level changes and leakage conditions, and record detailed data. If leakage is found, the leakage point should be marked immediately. Before excavating and removing the failed waterproof layer, the surrounding area should be protected to prevent further damage. When re-laying the waterproof layer, it must be carried out in strict accordance with the construction specifications to ensure that the newly laid waterproof layer is tightly bonded to the base layer. Grouting and plugging materials should be selected from products that meet the standards to ensure the waterproof effect. Through the 24-hour closed water test, the sealing performance of the waterproof layer can be visually tested and potential leakage hazards can be discovered in time. Once a leakage point is found, measures such as excavation to remove the failed waterproof layer and re-laying grouting to plug the leak are immediately taken. This can effectively avoid the expansion of the leakage problem and ensure the structural safety and service life of the underground project. In addition, this step also reflects the quality control awareness during the construction process. Through strict inspection and repair procedures, it is ensured that the waterproofing project achieves the expected results.

[0026] See also Figure 1 , also includes: Step 6: Quality inspection steps: Three locations were randomly selected for peeling tests, with the bond strength ≥1.5MPa and the porosity of the concrete ≤5% during ultrasonic testing. The construction quality was controlled to ensure that the hollow area of ​​the membrane was ≤1m² / 100m² and not concentrated. During the quality inspection process, to ensure the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the inspection, a detailed inspection plan should be developed, including the selection of inspection points and the standardized operation of the inspection methods. During the inspection, professional instruments should be used to conduct peel tests and ultrasonic testing of concrete, and the data should be recorded and analyzed. Areas that do not meet the requirements for bond strength, porosity, or hollow area of ​​the membrane should be marked and recorded to provide a basis for subsequent repairs. By randomly selecting three locations for peeling tests, we ensured that the bonding strength met the standards, and the porosity of the concrete was controlled within a reasonable range through ultrasonic testing, effectively preventing leakage problems caused by weak bonding or internal defects in the concrete. At the same time, the hollow area of ​​the membrane was strictly controlled to avoid the risk of local waterproofing failure. These measures jointly improved the overall quality of the waterproofing project and ensured the safety and durability of the project.

[0027] See also Figure 1 , also includes: Step 7. Repair steps: If the membrane is found to be damaged during construction, it will be repaired by hot melt repair method. The repair range shall cover an area ≥1.5 times the damaged area to ensure that the damaged part is effectively sealed. During the repair process, if the coil is found to be damaged, the scope of the damage should be determined first, and the damaged area and its surroundings should be cleaned to ensure that the surface is clean and free of debris. Then, hot melt repair equipment should be used to heat the repair material to a molten state and evenly apply it to the damaged area and an area ≥1.5 times its outer extension to ensure that the repair material is fully integrated with the original coil. After the repair is completed, the repair part should be compacted with a pressure roller to make it fit tightly with the base layer to avoid hollows or gaps, thereby ensuring that the damaged part is effectively sealed. It ensures timely and effective repair of damaged membranes during the pre-laid anti-adhesive waterproofing construction of underground projects. The hot-melt repair method is used. Not only is the degree of integration between the repair material and the original membrane high, but the repair range also covers an area ≥1.5 times the damaged area, further enhancing the sealing effect and effectively preventing moisture penetration. The implementation of this step improves the reliability and durability of construction quality and reduces the risk of leakage caused by membrane damage.

[0028] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0029] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A construction method for underground engineering pre-paving reverse-adhesive waterproofing, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Base layer processing steps: First, clean the surface debris of the base layer to ensure that the flatness of the base layer is controlled within the range of ≤3mm / 3m, and make the corners into arc shapes with an arc radius R ≥25mm; after completion, moisten the base layer to make the moisture content ≤9%, and then apply epoxy resin base treatment agent, with an interval of ≥2 hours, and apply twice; Step 2: Waterproof membrane laying steps: Use polymer self-adhesive rubber asphalt waterproofing membrane with a thickness of ≥1.2mm and a width of ≥1m, and use hot melt or cold bonding method for laying. When laying, the self-adhesive surface of the membrane should face down and fit tightly against the base layer, with the overlap width of the long side ≥100mm. Use a roller to compact the edge of the membrane during laying. Step 3: Fixing and sealing steps: After the roll material is laid, the edges are fixed with φ4mm galvanized steel nails at intervals of ≤0.5m. For the joints of the wall pipes, double sealing treatment is carried out using water stop rings and polyurethane waterproof sealant. At the same time, embedded rubber water stop strips and external water stop strips are installed at the expansion joints and construction joints. Step 4: Concrete pouring steps: When pouring concrete, control the slump between 120-140mm and use the inserted vibration method to avoid damaging the membrane during the vibration process; the concrete pouring height is ≥300mm higher than the design surface, and watering and curing are carried out after pouring is completed, and the curing time is ≥7 days.

2. The method for pre-laying reverse-adhesive waterproofing in underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the base treatment step, a concealed engineering inspection is carried out before applying the base treatment agent, so that the base surface is free of oil stains and floating slurry that affect adhesion, and the base surface flatness and the radius of the inside and outside corners meet the construction requirements.

3. The method for pre-laying reverse-adhesive waterproofing in underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the waterproofing coiled material is laid, firstly a line is drawn for positioning so that the laying position of the coiled material is accurate. During the laying process, the laying quality of the coiled material is checked at any time, and if wrinkles or hollows are found, adjustments are made in time.

4. The method for pre-laying reverse-adhesive waterproofing in underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the fixing and sealing steps, the fixing positions of the galvanized steel nails are evenly distributed. After fixing, the steel nail positions are sealed to prevent the steel nails from rusting and affecting the waterproof effect. At the same time, the node sealing treatment is strictly carried out in accordance with the construction specifications.

5. The method for pre-laying reverse-adhesive waterproofing in underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the concrete pouring step, the pouring process is carried out continuously to avoid the generation of construction joints. If it is interrupted for some reason, the construction joints are treated according to the specifications and a waterproof reinforcement layer is added.

6. The method for pre-laying reverse-adhesive waterproofing for underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: When laying the waterproof membrane, if the cold bonding method is adopted, use a polymer cement-based adhesive with a water-cement ratio of 1:2.5-1:3, stir evenly and let it stand for 5 minutes before use; The waterproof roll is laid using a double-layer roll laying process, with the bottom layer being ordinary waterproof roll and the upper layer being self-adhesive roll. The two layers are laid perpendicular to each other, with overlaps staggered by ≥300mm. A 5-10mm thick polyethylene foam board buffer layer is added between the roll and the base layer, and the joints of the buffer layer are sealed with an adhesive.

7. The method for pre-laying reverse-adhesive waterproofing in underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the fixing and sealing steps, the fixing position of the galvanized steel nails avoids the lap joint of the coiled material by ≥100mm, and the application width of the sealing paste is ≥50mm to form a continuous sealing layer.

8. The underground engineering pre-paving reverse-adhesive waterproofing construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Step 5: Water-tightness test steps: After the construction is completed, a 24-hour closed water test is carried out with the test water level ≥200mm. If a leakage point is found, the local area will be excavated to remove the failed waterproof layer and then re-laid and grouting will be used to seal the leakage.

9. A construction method for underground engineering pre-laying reverse-adhesive waterproofing according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: Step 6: Quality inspection steps: Three locations were randomly selected for peeling tests, and the bonding strength was ≥1.5MPa. The porosity of the concrete detected by ultrasonic testing was ≤5%. The construction quality was controlled to ensure that the hollow area of ​​the membrane was ≤1m² / 100㎡ and was not concentrated.

10. A construction method for underground engineering pre-laying reverse-adhesive waterproofing according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes: Step 7. Repair steps: When the roll material is found to be damaged during the construction process, hot melt repair method is used for repair, and the repair range covers an area ≥1.5 times the damaged area.

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