Middle hole upward cutting one-time blasting well forming method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mesopore upward well cutting one-time blasting well forming method which comprises the following steps: designing a rectangular hole distribution structure in an ore body well cutting area, arranging at least one first-aperture blast hole in a well center position, uniformly arranging a plurality of first-aperture blast holes around the first-aperture blast hole, additionally arranging second-aperture blast holes between adjacent first-aperture blast holes, and forming a first-aperture blast hole and a second-aperture blast hole between adjacent second-aperture blast holes; the second hole diameter is smaller than the first hole diameter, multiple circles of third-hole-diameter blast holes are formed outwards in a layered mode from the well center in the angular bisector direction, the blast holes in the well center area are not charged and serve as free faces, the first circle of blast holes closest to the well center serve as hole expanding hole charging, subsequent blast holes are charged according to the blasting time sequence, millisecond-level delayed hole-by-hole blasting is adopted, and one-time blasting well forming is achieved. According to the one-time blasting well forming method for the mesopore upward well cutting, the structural form is simple, the roadway tunneling cost is not increased, and due to one-time well forming, the safety risk is controllable, and the effect is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to a method for forming a well by a single blasting operation in a middle-hole upward cutting well. Background Art

[0002] As mining production activities continue, adjustments to mining methods and processes have begun to be made in order to recover the lower and middle sections of the ore body. Traditional shaft construction uses manual ordinary back-digging, which is very costly. If the depth exceeds 7m, a slag chute and a protective roof need to be added, which has high construction risks and complex processes. Later, large-hole layered blasting well-drilling technology was introduced. This method requires large-hole working space both above and below, which has certain limitations for pillar mining. In the existing technology, although attempts have been made to drill wells by blasting in one go, there are still problems such as insufficient free surface, excessive vibration, and poor well-drilling accuracy. In particular, it is difficult to strike a balance between safety and economy in upward construction. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems at least to a certain extent.

[0004] To this end, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for constructing a middle-hole upward cutting well by one-time blasting, using the original equipment to carry out upward middle-hole construction, and realizing the one-time well construction of the cutting well by adjusting the hole layout parameters and blasting parameters, without increasing manpower and equipment, achieving a technological breakthrough. The two cutting wells in the experiment both met the design standards, and accumulated rich experience for similar mine construction, which is worthy of promotion and application.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, one embodiment of the present invention provides a method for well drilling by single-shot blasting of a mid-hole upward cutting well, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S110, designing a rectangular hole arrangement structure in the ore body cutting well area;

[0007] Step S120: arranging at least one blasthole of the first diameter at the well center, and evenly arranging a plurality of blastholes of the first diameter around the well center;

[0008] Step S130: adding a second-diameter blasthole between adjacent first-diameter blastholes; wherein the second-diameter blasthole has a second aperture, the first-diameter blasthole has a first aperture, and the second aperture is smaller than the first aperture;

[0009] Step S140, arranging multiple circles of blastholes of the third aperture in layers outward from the well center along the angle bisector direction;

[0010] Step S150: The blastholes in the well center area are not charged as free surfaces, the first circle of blastholes closest to the well center are charged as expansion holes, and the subsequent blastholes are charged according to the blasting sequence;

[0011] Step S160, using millisecond-level delay to detonate each hole one by one, so as to realize well completion by blasting in one time.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hole arrangement structure in step S110 includes:

[0013] The well center is arranged with 5 large holes of Φ165mm, of which 1 is in the center and 4 are evenly distributed on the periphery, and the distance between the hole centers is 0.4m;

[0014] Add one Φ65mm small hole between adjacent large holes;

[0015] Along the angle bisector direction, 4 holes are arranged at a radius of 0.5 m from the well center, 8 holes are arranged at a radius of 1 m from the well center, and 8 holes are arranged at a radius of 1.5 m from the well center.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the timing of detonation in step S160 includes:

[0017] The expansion holes are detonated hole by hole, with a delay of 200ms between holes;

[0018] The second round of blast holes were detonated one by one, with a delay of 50ms between holes;

[0019] The corner blast holes in the peripheral holes are detonated at the same stage, and the remaining blast holes are delayed by 50ms each.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the five Φ165 mm large holes in the well core area are not charged with explosives and serve as initial free surfaces for blasting.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first-diameter blasthole is constructed by using an annular high-pressure down-the-hole drill, and the second-diameter blasthole is constructed by using a center rotary guide drill.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the charge blasthole adopts reverse detonation at the bottom of the hole, and the charge structure includes a detonating bomb and a digital electronic detonator.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the size of the rectangular cutting well is 3m×3m, and the well height is ≥14m.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the expansion slot hole is located at a radius of 0.4 m from the well center.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method is applicable to upward construction conditions and does not require additional special equipment.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the cutting well formed after blasting causes less disturbance to the surrounding rock than the traditional blasting method, and the rock fragmentation meets the requirements for direct mining.

[0027] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned through practice of the present invention.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application are:

[0029] The present invention provides a method for constructing a medium-hole upward cutting well by one-time blasting. The method utilizes existing equipment to construct the upward medium-hole, and realizes one-time well construction of the cutting well by adjusting the hole layout parameters and blasting parameters. Without increasing manpower and equipment, a technological breakthrough is achieved. The two cutting wells in the experiment both meet the design standards, and rich experience has been accumulated for similar mine construction, which is worthy of promotion and application.

[0030] The present invention provides a method for forming a medium-sized upward-cut well by blasting in one go. The method has a simple structure and does not increase the cost of tunnel excavation. Since the well is formed in one go, the safety risk is controllable and the effect is good.

[0031] The present invention provides a method for forming a well by blasting a central upward cutting well. The blasthole arrangement structure in the method can reduce safety risks, improve construction efficiency, and quickly form a mining room.

[0032] The present invention provides a method for forming a well by blasting in a single step by cutting a middle hole upward, which utilizes existing equipment in a mine, does not increase equipment use costs and personnel training costs, and is simple and easy to operate.

[0033] To better understand the technical means of the present invention and to facilitate implementation in accordance with the description, and to make the above-mentioned and other purposes, features, and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be explained in the subsequent description and, in part, will become apparent from the description or be demonstrated through the practice of the present invention. The purposes and other advantages of the present invention may be achieved and attained through the structures particularly noted in the description, claims, and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for well completion by single blasting in a mid-hole upward cutting process according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2This is a diagram of the arrangement of blast holes for a cutting well in a method for well formation by single blasting of a middle hole upward cutting provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 The present invention provides a layout diagram of the blast hole sections of the cutting well in a method for well formation by single blasting in a middle hole upward cutting according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0039] As mining production activities continue, adjustments to mining methods and processes have begun to be made in order to recover the lower and middle sections of the ore body. Traditional shaft construction uses manual ordinary back-digging, which is very costly. If the depth exceeds 7m, a slag chute and a protective roof need to be added, which has high construction risks and complex processes. Later, large-hole layered blasting well-drilling technology was introduced. This method requires large-hole working space both above and below, which has certain limitations for pillar mining. In the existing technology, although attempts have been made to drill wells by blasting in one go, there are still problems such as insufficient free surface, excessive vibration, and poor well-drilling accuracy. In particular, it is difficult to strike a balance between safety and economy in upward construction.

[0040] Therefore, the traditional large-hole construction cutting well method is no longer applicable. In order to solve the problem of cutting well construction and ensure the smooth progress of subsequent mining production. The mine plans to purchase a cutting well drilling rig, but this plan costs a lot of money and requires the training of special personnel. In addition, the cost of later maintenance of the drilling rig is relatively high. Based on this, the present invention proposes a method for one-time blasting of a middle-hole upward cutting well. This method uses the original equipment to carry out upward middle-hole construction, and realizes one-time well completion of the cutting well by adjusting the hole layout parameters and blasting parameters. Without increasing manpower and equipment, a technological breakthrough was achieved. The two cutting wells in the experiment met the design standards, and rich experience has been accumulated for similar mine construction.

[0041] Specifically, a method for forming a well by single blasting by cutting a mid-hole upward will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for well drilling by single blasting in a mid-hole upward cutting direction according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a diagram of the arrangement of blast holes for cutting wells in a method for forming a well by single blasting in a middle hole upward cutting provided by one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 The present invention provides a layout diagram of the blast hole sections of the cutting well in a method for well formation by single blasting in a middle hole upward cutting according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 3 This embodiment provides a method for well drilling by single-shot blasting of a mid-hole upward cutting well, which includes the following steps:

[0044] Step S110, designing a rectangular hole arrangement structure in the ore body cutting well area;

[0045] It should be noted that the hole arrangement structure in step S110 includes:

[0046] The well center is arranged with 5 large holes of Φ165mm, of which 1 is in the center and 4 are evenly distributed on the periphery, and the distance between the hole centers is 0.4m;

[0047] Add one Φ65mm small hole between adjacent large holes;

[0048] Along the angle bisector direction, 4 holes are arranged at a radius of 0.5 m from the well center, 8 holes are arranged at a radius of 1 m from the well center, and 8 holes are arranged at a radius of 1.5 m from the well center.

[0049] Step S120: arranging at least one blasthole of the first diameter at the well center, and evenly arranging a plurality of blastholes of the first diameter around the well center;

[0050] Step S130: adding a second-diameter blasthole between adjacent first-diameter blastholes; wherein the second-diameter blasthole has a second aperture, the first-diameter blasthole has a first aperture, and the second aperture is smaller than the first aperture;

[0051] Step S140, arranging multiple circles of blastholes of the third aperture in layers outward from the well center along the angle bisector direction;

[0052] Step S150: The blastholes in the well center area are not charged as free surfaces, the first circle of blastholes closest to the well center are charged as expansion holes, and the subsequent blastholes are charged according to the blasting sequence;

[0053] The specific differentiated charging strategies are shown in Table 1:

[0054] Blast hole type Charge rate Functional Positioning Center large hole 0％ Initial free surface forming cavity Expanded slot 85-90％ Directional expansion of the crushing zone Peripheral holes 75-80％ Contour control

[0055] Table 1

[0056] Step S160, using millisecond-level delay to detonate each hole one by one, so as to realize well completion by blasting in one time.

[0057] It should be noted that the timing of detonation in step S160 includes:

[0058] The expansion holes are detonated hole by hole, with a delay of 200ms between holes;

[0059] The second round of blast holes were detonated one by one, with a delay of 50ms between holes;

[0060] The corner blast holes in the peripheral holes are detonated at the same stage, and the remaining blast holes are delayed by 50ms each.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the five Φ165 mm large holes in the well core area are not charged with explosives and serve as initial free surfaces for blasting.

[0062] The five Φ165mm large holes in the well center area are not charged, and the five Φ165mm large holes form an initial cavity with an equivalent diameter of 0.8m. Compared with the traditional full-charge scheme, the blasting vibration speed is reduced by at least 40%.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first-diameter blasthole is constructed using an annular high-pressure down-the-hole drill, and the second-diameter blasthole is constructed using a center rotary guide drill.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, the charge blasthole adopts reverse detonation at the bottom of the hole, and the charge structure includes a detonating bomb and a digital electronic detonator.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present invention, the size of the rectangular cutting well is 3m×3m, and the well height is ≥14m.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, the expansion slot hole is located at a radius of 0.4 m from the well center.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method is applicable to upward construction conditions and does not require additional special equipment.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, the cutting well formed after blasting causes less disturbance to the surrounding rock than the traditional blasting method, and the rock fragmentation meets the requirements for direct mining.

[0069] The specific construction process of the method for forming a well by blasting a well in a middle hole upward cutting provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 2-Figure 3 :

[0070] First, cutting shafts are crucial facilities in mining operations, directly impacting the smooth progress of mining operations. For thick and large ore bodies, VCR mining methods are generally used. Cutting shafts are typically drilled downward using deep-hole drilling rigs, followed by bottom-up blasting to create the shafts. For medium-hole mining, however, cutting shafts are always constructed upwards. If the upper level lacks the conditions for downward deep-hole drilling, upward-directed construction is the only option. Previous techniques involved manually excavating cutting shafts upwards, requiring workers to work beneath overburden, posing significant safety risks. The present invention utilizes existing equipment in the mine and designs a rectangular cutting well with a size of 3m×3m. A total of 29 holes are arranged, of which 5 Φ165mm deep holes are constructed at the well center (the construction equipment is a T-150 annular high-pressure down-the-hole drill), one in the center, and 4 evenly arranged around. The spacing between the well center and the center of the surrounding holes is 0.4m. A small hole with a hole diameter of Φ65mm is added between each of the 4 large holes around (the construction equipment is a YGZ-90 center rotary guide drill). Then, 4 holes are evenly arranged 0.5m outward along the angle bisector from the well center, 8 holes are evenly arranged along the angle bisector at 1m, and 8 holes are evenly arranged along the angle bisector at 1.5m, forming an overall hole layout structure diagram.

[0071] Secondly, to ensure a successful first-time well completion during blasting, the following design was implemented: Five large holes were left uncharged, serving as the free surface of the slot cavity. The four holes closest to the well center were charged as expansion slots, further increasing their free surface. The segmented firing was set to detonate hole by hole at 200ms intervals. The third row of segmented firing was set to detonate hole by hole at 50ms intervals, and so on. The segmented firing of the surrounding holes was set to be the same for the corner holes, and for the remaining holes, at 50ms intervals. The charge within the holes was a detonating bomb equipped with a digital electronic detonator, with reverse detonation at the bottom of the hole.

[0072] Finally, after blasting, the well heights reached 14m and 16m respectively, with good forming effects, little disturbance to the surrounding rock, and moderate blasting block size.

[0073] The beneficial effects of the one-step blasting well-forming method for cutting a middle hole upward in the present invention are as follows:

[0074] The present invention provides a method for constructing a medium-hole upward cutting well by one-time blasting. The method utilizes existing equipment to construct the upward medium-hole, and realizes one-time well construction of the cutting well by adjusting the hole layout parameters and blasting parameters. Without increasing manpower and equipment, a technological breakthrough is achieved. The two cutting wells in the experiment both meet the design standards, and rich experience has been accumulated for similar mine construction, which is worthy of promotion and application.

[0075] The present invention provides a method for forming a medium-sized upward-cut well by blasting in one go. The method has a simple structure and does not increase the cost of tunnel excavation. Since the well is formed in one go, the safety risk is controllable and the effect is good.

[0076] The present invention provides a method for forming a well by blasting a central upward cutting well. The blasthole arrangement structure in the method can reduce safety risks, improve construction efficiency, and quickly form a mining room.

[0077] The present invention provides a method for forming a well by blasting in a single step by cutting a middle hole upward, which utilizes existing equipment in a mine, does not increase equipment use costs and personnel training costs, and is simple and easy to operate.

[0078] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and an illustration of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of disclosure involved in the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions formed by the specific combination of the above-mentioned technical features, but also includes other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above-mentioned technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-mentioned disclosed concepts. For example, a technical solution formed by replacing the above-mentioned features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the present invention.

[0079] In addition, although adopting specific order to describe each operation, this should not be interpreted as requiring these operations to be executed in the specific order shown or in sequential order.Under certain environment, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.Similarly, although comprising some specific implementation details in the above discussion, these should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.Some features described in the context of independent embodiment can also be implemented in single embodiment in combination.On the contrary, the various features described in the context of independent embodiment also can be implemented in multiple embodiments individually or in the mode of any suitable subcombination.

[0080] Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological logical acts, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are merely example forms of implementing the claims.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be encompassed by the scope of the pending claims.

Claims

1. A method for well construction by single blasting of a mid-hole upward cutting well, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S110, designing a rectangular hole arrangement structure in the ore body cutting well area; Step S120: arranging at least one blasthole of the first diameter at the well center, and evenly arranging a plurality of blastholes of the first diameter around the well center; Step S130: adding a second-diameter blasthole between adjacent first-diameter blastholes; wherein the second-diameter blasthole has a second aperture, the first-diameter blasthole has a first aperture, and the second aperture is smaller than the first aperture; Step S140, arranging multiple circles of blastholes of the third aperture in layers outward from the well center along the angle bisector direction; Step S150: The blastholes in the well center area are not charged as free surfaces, the first circle of blastholes closest to the well center are charged as expansion holes, and the subsequent blastholes are charged according to the blasting sequence; Step S160, using millisecond-level delay to detonate each hole one by one, so as to realize well completion by blasting in one time.

2. The method for well construction by single blasting of a middle hole upward cutting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hole arrangement structure in step S110 includes: The well center is arranged with 5 large holes of Φ165mm, of which 1 is in the center and 4 are evenly distributed on the periphery, and the distance between the hole centers is 0.4m; Add one Φ65mm small hole between adjacent large holes; Along the angle bisector direction, 4 holes are arranged at a radius of 0.5 m from the well center, 8 holes are arranged at a radius of 1 m from the well center, and 8 holes are arranged at a radius of 1.5 m from the well center.

3. The method for forming a well by blasting the middle hole upward cutting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The timing of detonation in step S160 includes: The expansion holes are detonated hole by hole, with a delay of 200ms between holes; The second round of blast holes were detonated one by one, with a delay of 50ms between holes; The corner blast holes in the peripheral holes are detonated at the same stage, and the remaining blast holes are delayed by 50ms each.

4. The method for forming a well by single blasting by cutting a middle hole upward according to claim 2, characterized in that: The five Φ165mm large holes in the well core area are not charged with explosives and serve as the initial free surface for blasting.

5. The method for forming a well by single blasting by cutting a middle hole upward according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-diameter blasthole is constructed by an annular high-pressure down-the-hole drill, and the second-diameter blasthole is constructed by a center rotary guide drill.

6. The method for well construction by single blasting of a middle hole upward cutting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The charge blast hole adopts reverse detonation at the bottom of the hole, and the charge structure includes explosive bombs and digital electronic detonators.

7. The method for forming a well by single blasting by cutting a middle hole upward according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectangular cutting well has a size of 3m×3m and a well height of ≥14m.

8. The method for forming a well by single blasting by cutting a middle hole upward according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion slot hole is located at a radius of 0.4m from the well center.

9. The method for forming a well by single blasting by cutting a middle hole upward according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method is applicable to upward construction conditions and does not require additional special equipment.

10. The method for forming a well by single blasting by cutting a middle hole upward according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting well formed after blasting disturbs the surrounding rock less than the traditional blasting method, and the rock size meets the requirements for direct mining.

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