Flood control reservoir flood season application method giving consideration to water resource utilization

Abstract

The invention discloses a flood control reservoir flood season application method giving consideration to water resource utilization, and the method comprises the steps: calculating and designing a water inflow process, a water demand process and a minimum reserve water amount and water level process according to the obtained long series of data of a drainage basin; according to the activation mechanism and the quit mechanism, timely developing a flood-control reservoir flood-season water resource application mode or a flood-season reservoir floating water level operation control strategy, and finally, after flood-season operation is finished, evaluating and evaluating the effect of the flood-control reservoir flood-season water resource application mode. The method can more scientifically guide the reserve water amount of the flood control reservoir at the proper time in the flood season to cope with the influence of drought events on downstream water supply safety, and the drainage basin flood and drought disaster prevention and water resource optimal allocation capacity is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of reservoir regulation, in particular to a flood control reservoir operation method during flood season that takes water resource utilization into consideration. Background Art

[0002] Under the influence of global climate change and human activities, floods and droughts are becoming more frequent, and extreme events such as sudden flood-drought cycles are becoming increasingly common, leading to an increasingly prominent imbalance between water supply and demand. Especially for reservoirs responsible for flood control in the middle and lower reaches, extreme drought events such as "dry season" can easily lead to reservoirs being forced to abandon large amounts of water in the early stages and then have no water to store in the later stages, posing a severe challenge to water supply security in the middle and lower reaches. Therefore, efforts must be made to enhance river basin flood and drought prevention capabilities and optimize water resource allocation, effectively strengthening national water resource security. Furthermore, with the continuous improvement of river basin flood control systems, flood processes in the basin have undergone significant changes, necessitating corresponding adjustments to flood control and scheduling methods to fully address the impact of extreme drought events on water supply security.

[0003] In view of this, there is an urgent need for a flood season operation method for flood control reservoirs that takes into account water resource utilization, optimizes the water resource utilization capacity of flood control reservoirs during the flood season, and reduces the impact of extreme drought on downstream water security. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a flood season operation method for flood control reservoirs that takes into account water resource utilization, which can more scientifically guide flood control reservoirs to reserve water at appropriate times during the flood season to cope with the impact of drought events on downstream water supply security, and enhance the basin's flood and drought disaster prevention and water resource optimization allocation capabilities.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a flood control reservoir flood season operation method that takes into account water resource utilization, which includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Calculation of reservoir reserve water demand: Calculate the design water inflow process based on long-series runoff data, calculate the design water demand process based on urban and rural water supply, ecological water demand, and production water demand in the middle and lower reaches, and calculate the minimum reserve water level process using the reverse recursive method;

[0007] S2. Identification of watershed hydrological drought status: Based on the monthly runoff data of each hydrological station in the basin, the standardized runoff index at different time scales is calculated for the identification of watershed drought events;

[0008] S3. Flood season water resource utilization: Based on the basin's hydrological drought status, activation mechanism, and exit mechanism, timely carry out flood control reservoir water resource utilization during the flood season, raising water levels and reserving appropriate amounts of water;

[0009] S4. Operation of reservoir floating water level control strategy during flood season: Dynamic control of operating water level during flood season, pressure reduction operation and flood control operation shall be carried out in accordance with reservoir operation regulations;

[0010] S5. Post-evaluation of water resource utilization during flood season: Evaluate the effectiveness of water resource utilization methods in flood control reservoirs during flood season.

[0011] Furthermore, the S1 specifically includes the following processes:

[0012] S11. Obtain long-term runoff data for the basin where the reservoir is located, conduct hydrological frequency analysis, and take the inflow process with an inflow frequency of 95% as the design inflow process I for the flood control reservoir. t ;

[0013] S12. Calculate the design water demand q under different drought conditions based on urban and rural water supply, ecological water demand and production water demand in the middle and lower reaches of the reservoir. t ;

[0014] S13. Based on the designed water inflow process and the designed water demand process, at the flood control limit water level at the end of the reservoir water supply period, the minimum reserve water volume and the minimum operating water level of the reservoir to ensure downstream water supply safety in each period are calculated using the reverse recursive method according to the water balance equation and the water level storage capacity curve. t .

[0015] Furthermore, in S13, the water balance equation is:

[0016] v t+1 =v t +3600×(I t -R t )×Δt (1)

[0017] Where: v t represents the storage capacity of the reservoir at the beginning of time period t, m 3 ;I t represents the inflow of the reservoir in time period t, m 3 / s;R t represents the outflow of the reservoir in time period t, m 3 / s; Δt represents the length of the calculation period, h.

[0018] Furthermore, in S13, the water level storage capacity curve formula is:

[0019] z t =f(v t ) (2)

[0020] Where: z t represents the water level of the reservoir at time t, m; f(·) represents the relationship between water level and storage capacity.

[0021] Furthermore, in S13, the reverse recursive method is specifically:

[0022] According to the water level at the end of the reservoir water supply period T and the corresponding storage capacity v T According to the water balance equation (1) and the designed water flow rate I t and design water demand q t Determine the storage capacity v at the beginning of the period in reverse order t ', and the corresponding initial water level z of the period is obtained by linear interpolation of the water level storage capacity curve (2) t ';

[0023] If z t 'Below the dead water level, then z t Dead water level z dead , v t is the reservoir capacity v corresponding to the dead water level dead , if z t ' is greater than the normal water level, then z t Normal water level z normal , v t is the reservoir capacity v corresponding to the normal water level normal , otherwise z t =z t ',v t =v t ', repeat the above steps until all periods are calculated, and the minimum reserve water volume and minimum operating water level of the reservoir to ensure downstream water supply safety in each period are obtained. t .

[0024] Furthermore, the S2 specifically includes the following processes:

[0025] Based on the monthly runoff data of each hydrological station in the basin, the standardized runoff index (SRI) at different time scales is calculated for basin drought event identification. When the standardized runoff index (SRI) is less than the interception level R0 of the drought event in a certain month, the drought event occurs. When the SRI is greater than R0 in a certain month, the drought event ends. When a drought event occurs, execute step S3; otherwise, execute step S4.

[0026] Furthermore, the standardized runoff index (SRI) is calculated as follows:

[0027]

[0028] Where: F(x) is the cumulative probability of runoff fitted by gamma distribution, when F(x)>0.5, S=1, when F(x)≤0.5, S=-1; where c0=2.515, c1=0.803, c2=0.010, d1=1.433, d2=0.189, d3=0.001.

[0029] Furthermore, the S3 specifically includes the following processes:

[0030] According to the hydrological drought status of the basin determined in step S2, after a drought occurs, it is first determined whether to activate the flood season water storage operation strategy of the flood control reservoir. If the activation conditions are met, the reservoir will reduce the discharge flow q in the current period to meet the minimum ecological base flow of the river. t , start the process z with the current period minimum reserve water volume and minimum operating water level calculated in step 1 for the corresponding period t In order to store water during the flood season, the exit mechanism needs to be continuously verified during the water storage process and the operation process after the water level is raised. If some of the exit mechanism verifications are met, the system will proceed to step S4.

[0031] Furthermore, the activation conditions include:

[0032] Condition 1: The medium- and long-term qualitative forecast of the river basin must reach a qualified level. According to the flood control tasks undertaken by the reservoir, the short-term forecast accuracy of important reservoirs must reach Class A, and that of ordinary reservoirs must reach Class B;

[0033] Condition 2: To determine the medium- and long-term water inflow forecast for the flood control target areas upstream and midstream and downstream of the flood control reservoir, the medium- and long-term qualitative forecast must be low or below.

[0034] Condition 3: The short-term forecast must meet the requirement that no floods will occur and the flood risk level is low;

[0035] Condition 4: The water inflow forecast for the interval is relatively low.

[0036] Furthermore, the conditions for the exit mechanism verification include:

[0037] Condition 1: A prudent approach should be adopted to reasonably assess activation conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4, taking into account the reservoir's pre-discharge time and space. If necessary, the exit mechanism should be triggered promptly.

[0038] Condition 2: When faced with downstream water pollution and other emergency measures requiring temporary water replenishment, the exit mechanism must be triggered promptly;

[0039] Condition three: When floods or other dangerous situations occur upstream and downstream, the exit mechanism must be triggered in a timely manner.

[0040] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0041] The present invention can more scientifically guide flood control reservoirs to reserve water during flood season to cope with the impact of drought events in the basin on downstream water supply security, improve the basin's flood and drought disaster prevention and water resources optimization allocation capabilities, and has the advantages of scientific rationality and high reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 This is a flow chart for implementing a flood control reservoir flood season operation method that takes into account water resource utilization according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the water level process of the water volume that needs to be reserved by Reservoir A to cope with extreme drought events according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the water level operation process of Reservoir A during the flood season in 2022 according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0046] Example 1: Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a flood season utilization method for flood control reservoirs that takes into account water resource utilization. First, a long series of basin data is obtained to calculate the designed water inflow process, water demand process and minimum reserve water level process. Then, the basin drought state is identified according to the basin runoff data, and the flood season water resource utilization mode or the flood season reservoir floating water level operation control strategy is carried out in a timely manner according to the activation mechanism and the exit mechanism. Finally, after the flood season operation ends, a post-evaluation is carried out to assess the effectiveness of the flood control reservoir water resource utilization mode during the flood season.

[0047] The specific steps include:

[0048] Step 1: Calculation of reservoir reserve water demand: First, obtain the long series runoff data of the basin where the reservoir is located, conduct hydrological frequency analysis, and take the water inflow process with a water inflow frequency of 95% as the design water inflow process I of the flood control reservoir. t Secondly, the design water demand q under different drought conditions is calculated based on the urban and rural water supply, ecological water demand and production water demand in the middle and lower reaches of the reservoir. t Finally, based on the designed water inflow process and the designed water demand process, the flood control limit water level at the end of the reservoir water supply period is calculated according to the water balance equation and the water level storage capacity curve using the reverse recursive method to calculate the minimum reserve water volume and the minimum operating water level process of the reservoir to ensure the safety of downstream water supply in each period. t .

[0049] Step 2: Identify the hydrological drought state of the basin: Based on monthly runoff data from each hydrological station within the basin, the Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) is calculated at different time scales to identify basin drought events. A drought event occurs when the SRI is less than the drought event intercept level (R0) in a given month. A drought event ends when the SRI is greater than R0 in a given month. When a drought event occurs, the flood control reservoir begins its flood season water resource utilization mode in Step 3. Otherwise, the flood control reservoir operates according to the flood season floating water level control strategy in Step 4.

[0050] Step 3: Utilization of water resources during flood season: Based on the hydrological drought status of the basin determined in step 2, after a drought occurs, first determine whether to activate the flood control reservoir flood season water storage operation strategy. If all activation conditions are met, the reservoir will reduce the discharge flow q in the current period based on the minimum ecological base flow of the river. t , start the process z with the current period minimum reserve water volume and minimum operating water level calculated in step 1 for the corresponding period t In order to store water during the flood season, the exit mechanism needs to be continuously verified during the water storage process and the operation process after the water level is raised. If some of the exit mechanism verifications are met, go to step 4 and operate according to the flood control reservoir flood season floating water level control strategy.

[0051] Step 4: Operation of the reservoir floating water level control strategy during flood season: According to the flood control reservoir flood season scheduling regulations, dynamic control of the operating water level during flood season, pressure reduction scheduling and flood control scheduling are carried out strictly in accordance with the scheduling regulations.

[0052] Step 5: Post-evaluation of water resource utilization during the flood season: Evaluate the water storage capacity at the end of the flood season when water resource scheduling is carried out in flood control reservoirs and when water resource scheduling is not carried out, as well as the frequency of use of trigger mechanisms and exit mechanisms.

[0053] Preferably, the water balance equation in step 1 is:

[0054] v t+1 =v t +3600×(I t -R t )×Δt (1)

[0055] Where: v t represents the storage capacity of the reservoir at the beginning of time period t, m 3 ;I t represents the inflow of the reservoir in time period t, m 3 / s;R t represents the outflow of the reservoir in time period t, m 3 / s; Δt represents the length of the calculation period, h.

[0056] Preferably, the water level storage capacity curve formula in step 1 is:

[0057] z t =f(v t ) (2)

[0058] Where: z t represents the water level of the reservoir at time t, m; f(·) represents the relationship between water level and storage capacity.

[0059] Preferably, the reverse recursive method in step 1 is: according to the water level z at the end of the reservoir water supply period T and the corresponding storage capacity v TAccording to the water balance equation (1) and the designed water flow rate I t and design water demand q t Determine the storage capacity v at the beginning of the period in reverse order t ', and the corresponding initial water level z of the period is obtained by linear interpolation of the water level storage capacity curve (2) t '. If z t 'Below the dead water level, then z t Dead water level z dead , v t is the reservoir capacity v corresponding to the dead water level dead , if z t ' is greater than the normal water level, then z t Normal water level z normal , v t is the reservoir capacity v corresponding to the normal water level normal , otherwise z t =z t ',v t =v t ', repeat the above steps until all periods are calculated to obtain the minimum reserve water volume and minimum operating water level of the reservoir to ensure downstream water supply safety in each period. t .

[0060] Preferably, the calculation formula of the standardized runoff index SRI in step 2 is:

[0061]

[0062] Where: F(x) is the cumulative probability of runoff fitted by the gamma distribution. When F(x)>0.5, S=1, and when F(x)≤0.5, S=-1. Where c0=2.515, c1=0.803, c2=0.010, d1=1.433, d2=0.189, and d3=0.001.

[0063] Preferably, the activation mechanism judgment conditions in step 3 include:

[0064] Condition 1: The medium- and long-term qualitative forecast of the basin needs to reach a qualified level. According to the flood control tasks undertaken by the reservoir, the short-term forecast accuracy of important reservoirs must reach Class A, and that of ordinary reservoirs must reach Class B.

[0065] Condition 2: Determine the medium- to long-term (medium-term 3-10 days, long-term >10 days) forecast water inflow conditions in the upstream and mid- to downstream flood control areas of the flood control reservoir. The medium- to long-term qualitative forecast must be low (medium to low water) or below.

[0066] Condition 3: Short-term forecasts (1-3 days) must ensure that no floods occur and the flood risk level is low;

[0067] Condition 4: The water inflow forecast for the interval is relatively low.

[0068] Preferably, the exit mechanism judgment conditions in step 3 include:

[0069] Condition 1: Activate conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4 with due caution, taking into account the reservoir's pre-discharge time and space, and trigger the exit mechanism promptly if necessary.

[0070] Condition 2: When faced with downstream water pollution and other emergency measures requiring temporary water replenishment, the exit mechanism must be triggered promptly;

[0071] Condition 3: When floods or other dangerous situations occur upstream and downstream, the exit mechanism must be triggered in a timely manner.

[0072] Example 2: Figure 2 and 3 Taking the operation mode of a giant reservoir A in the Yangtze River Basin in my country during the flood season in 2022 as an example, the flood season operation method of a flood control reservoir that takes into account water resource utilization of the present invention is applied, including the following steps:

[0073] Step 1: Calculation of reservoir reserve water demand;

[0074] According to the runoff data of reservoir A from 1959 to 2014, a total of 56 years, the frequency analysis was performed and the water flow process in the hydrological year with a water inflow frequency of 95% was selected as {11359m 3 / s,15538m 3 / s,...,17152m 3 / s,11623m 3 / s}, considering the urban and rural water supply and ecological water demand in the middle and lower reaches, the water demand is {6783m 3 / s,6783m 3 / s,...,6730m 3 / s,6730m 3 / s}, the minimum reserve water level of the reservoir to ensure downstream water supply security is calculated according to the reverse recursive method as follows Figure 2 As shown, the water level process requiring minimum reserve during the flood season from June to October is {145m, 145m, ...151.09m, 153.83m}.

[0075] Step 2: Identification of the hydrological drought status of the basin;

[0076] The monthly runoff data of the H1 and H2 hydrological stations in the basin were selected to calculate the standardized runoff index (SRI) for each month. In June 2022, the SRI of the H1 hydrological station was 1.53, and the SRI of the H2 hydrological station was 1.82, indicating that there was no drought in the basin and that Reservoir A was operating in accordance with the flood season floating water level control strategy in the dispatching regulations. In July 2022, the SRI of the H1 hydrological station was -1.25, and the SRI of the H2 hydrological station was -0.44, indicating that the H1 hydrological station was Moderate drought has occurred near the H1 hydrological station, and no drought has occurred near the H2 hydrological station for the time being. This means that drought has already occurred in July 2022, and it is necessary to continue tracking and analyzing the future development of drought. In August 2022, the SRI of the H1 hydrological station was -2.71, and the SRI of the H2 hydrological station was -2.93, indicating that extreme drought has occurred near the H1 and H2 hydrological stations. Therefore, operations will be carried out according to the flood season water resource utilization method starting from August 2022.

[0077] Step 3: Utilization of water resources during flood season;

[0078] Reservoir A is an important flood control reservoir in the basin. Its long-term forecast far exceeds the qualified level, and its short-term forecast accuracy reaches Class A level. Activation mechanism condition 1 is met. In early August, the medium- and long-term forecast for water inflow is dry and low, and activation mechanism condition 2 is met. The short-term forecast shows no flooding and no flood control risk, and activation mechanism condition 3 is met. The water inflow in the area is seriously low, and activation mechanism condition 4 is met. All activation conditions are met, the reservoir reduces the discharge flow, and the minimum ecological discharge flow must be 6000m 3 / s, as Figure 2 As shown, the reserve water level in early August is 149.2m, in mid-August is 151.6m, and in late August is 152.0m, which are the reserve water level targets. During August, the operation was carried out in accordance with the flood season water resources utilization mode, and the exit mechanism was not activated. During September and October, the exit mechanism was also not activated, and the operation was carried out in accordance with the flood season water resources utilization mode. Figure 3 As shown, by September 10, the water level of Reservoir A had reached 154.1m.

[0079] Step 4: Operation of the reservoir floating water level control strategy during flood season;

[0080] According to the A Reservoir Operation Regulations, the operating water level during the flood season can fluctuate between 144.9 and 148.0 meters from June 11 to August 20; between 148.0 and 150.0 meters from August 21 to 31; and between 150.0 and 155.0 meters from September 1 to 10.

[0081] Step 5: Post-evaluation of water resource utilization effects during flood season;

[0082] After the water resources were utilized during the flood season in 2022, the A reservoir had a water reserve of 154.1m at the beginning of the water storage on September 10, 2022. Compared with the actual water level of 147.9m on September 10, 2022, the A reservoir was 6.2m higher, and the reservoir had an additional water reserve of 3.597 billion m 3 This can effectively enhance Reservoir A's ability to cope with extreme drought events in its basin and ensure water supply security in the middle and lower reaches. During the 2022 flood season, the water resource utilization mode was not activated in June and July, and Reservoir A operated according to the flood season reservoir floating water level control strategy. The flood season water resource utilization mode was activated in August, and the exit mechanism was not activated from August to October, and Reservoir A continued to operate according to the flood season water resource utilization mode.

[0083] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be the technical solutions set forth in the claims, including equivalent alternatives to the technical features of the technical solutions set forth in the claims. In other words, equivalent alternatives and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flood control reservoir operation method during flood season that takes into account water resource utilization, characterized by: It includes the following steps: S1. Calculation of reservoir reserve water demand: Calculate the design water inflow process based on long-series runoff data, calculate the design water demand process based on urban and rural water supply, ecological water demand, and production water demand in the middle and lower reaches, and calculate the minimum reserve water level process using the reverse recursive method; S2. Identification of watershed hydrological drought status: Based on the monthly runoff data of each hydrological station in the basin, the standardized runoff index at different time scales is calculated for the identification of watershed drought events; S3. Flood season water resource utilization: Based on the basin's hydrological drought status, activation mechanism, and exit mechanism, timely carry out flood control reservoir water resource utilization during the flood season, raising water levels and reserving appropriate amounts of water; S4. Operation of reservoir floating water level control strategy during flood season: Dynamic control of operating water level during flood season, pressure reduction operation and flood control operation shall be carried out in accordance with reservoir operation regulations; S5. Post-evaluation of water resource utilization during flood season: Evaluate the effectiveness of water resource utilization methods in flood control reservoirs during flood season.

2. The flood season operation method for flood control reservoirs that takes into account water resource utilization according to claim 1 is characterized by: The S1 specifically includes the following processes: S11. Obtain long-term runoff data for the basin where the reservoir is located, conduct hydrological frequency analysis, and take the inflow process with an inflow frequency of 95% as the design inflow process I for the flood control reservoir. t ; S12. Calculate the design water demand q under different drought conditions based on urban and rural water supply, ecological water demand and production water demand in the middle and lower reaches of the reservoir. t ; S13. Based on the designed water inflow process and the designed water demand process, at the flood control limit water level at the end of the reservoir water supply period, the minimum reserve water volume and the minimum operating water level of the reservoir to ensure downstream water supply safety in each period are calculated using the reverse recursive method according to the water balance equation and the water level storage capacity curve. t .

3. The flood season operation method for flood control reservoirs that takes into account water resource utilization according to claim 2 is characterized by: In S13, the water balance equation is: v t+1 =v t +3600×(I t -R t )×Δt (1) Where: v t represents the storage capacity of the reservoir at the beginning of time period t, m 3 ; I t represents the inflow of the reservoir in time period t, m 3 / s;R t represents the outflow of the reservoir in time period t, m 3 / s; Δt represents the length of the calculation period, h.

4. The method for using a flood control reservoir during flood season while taking into account water resource utilization according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S13, the water level storage capacity curve formula is: with t =f(v t ) (2) Where: z t represents the water level of the reservoir at time t, m; f(·) represents the relationship between water level and storage capacity.

5. The method for using a flood control reservoir during flood season while taking into account water resource utilization according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S13, the reverse recursive method is specifically as follows: According to the water level at the end of the reservoir water supply period T and the corresponding storage capacity v T According to the water balance equation (1) and the designed water flow rate I t and design water demand q t Determine the storage capacity v at the beginning of the period in reverse order t ', and the corresponding initial water level z of the period is obtained by linear interpolation of the water level storage capacity curve (2) t '; If z t 'Below the dead water level, then z t Dead water level z dead , v t is the reservoir capacity v corresponding to the dead water level dead , if z t ' is greater than the normal water level, then z t Normal water level z normal , v t is the reservoir capacity v corresponding to the normal water level normal , otherwise z t =z t ',v t =v t ', repeat the above steps until all periods are calculated, and the minimum reserve water volume and minimum operating water level of the reservoir to ensure downstream water supply safety in each period are obtained. t .

6. The flood season operation method for flood control reservoirs taking into account water resource utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 specifically includes the following processes: Based on the monthly runoff data of each hydrological station in the basin, the standardized runoff index (SRI) at different time scales is calculated for basin drought event identification. When the standardized runoff index (SRI) is less than the interception level R0 of the drought event in a certain month, the drought event occurs. When the SRI is greater than R0 in a certain month, the drought event ends. When a drought event occurs, execute step S3; otherwise, execute step S4.

7. The flood season operation method for flood control reservoirs that takes into account water resource utilization according to claim 6, characterized in that: The standardized runoff index SRI calculation formula is: Where: F(x) is the cumulative probability of runoff fitted by gamma distribution, when F(x)>0.5, S=1, when F(x)≤0.5, S=-1; where c0=2.515, c1=0.803, c2=0.010, d1=1.433, d2=0.189, d3=0.

001.

8. The flood season operation method for flood control reservoirs that takes into account water resource utilization according to claim 1 is characterized by: The S3 specifically The following processes are included: According to the hydrological drought status of the basin determined in step S2, after a drought occurs, it is first determined whether to activate the flood season water storage operation strategy of the flood control reservoir. If the activation conditions are met, the reservoir will reduce the discharge flow q in the current period to meet the minimum ecological base flow of the river. t , start the process z with the current period minimum reserve water volume and minimum operating water level calculated in step 1 for the corresponding period t In order to store water during the flood season, the exit mechanism needs to be continuously verified during the water storage process and the operation process after the water level is raised. If some of the exit mechanism verifications are met, the system will proceed to step S4.

9. The flood season operation method for flood control reservoirs taking into account water resource utilization according to claim 8, characterized in that: The activation conditions include: Condition 1: The medium- and long-term qualitative forecast of the river basin must reach a qualified level. According to the flood control tasks undertaken by the reservoir, the short-term forecast accuracy of important reservoirs must reach Class A, and that of ordinary reservoirs must reach Class B; Condition 2: To determine the medium- and long-term water inflow forecast for the flood control target areas upstream and midstream and downstream of the flood control reservoir, the medium- and long-term qualitative forecast must be low or below. Condition 3: The short-term forecast must meet the requirement that no floods will occur and the flood risk level is low; Condition 4: The water inflow forecast for the interval is relatively low.

10. The flood season operation method for flood control reservoirs taking into account water resource utilization according to claim 9, characterized in that: The conditions for the exit mechanism verification include: Condition 1: A prudent approach should be adopted to reasonably assess activation conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4, taking into account the reservoir's pre-discharge time and space. If necessary, the exit mechanism should be triggered promptly. Condition 2: When faced with downstream water pollution and other emergency measures requiring temporary water replenishment, the exit mechanism must be triggered promptly; Condition three: When floods or other dangerous situations occur upstream and downstream, the exit mechanism must be triggered in a timely manner.

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