Modularized ultrasonic-guided lumbar puncture teaching model

Abstract

According to the modularized ultrasonic-guided lumbar puncture teaching model provided by the invention, on the basis of the detachable modularized ultrasonic-guided lumbar puncture teaching model, the pathological bony structure module for simulating the corresponding pathological conditions of the lumbar structure is introduced, so that the lumbar puncture process in different pathological states is simulated; therefore, trained medical staff can be helped to better understand the anatomical basis and operation key points of lumbar puncture, the understanding of different pathological changes is deepened, and an experimental platform is provided for studying the improvement of lumbar puncture operation, the occurrence mechanism of puncture-related complications and the like. Furthermore, better lumbar puncture operation in actual clinical work is promoted through a better teaching and training effect, and the medical service experience and personal safety of a patient are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of medical teaching tools, and in particular to a modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model. Background Art

[0002] Lumbar puncture, or lumbar puncture, is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into the intervertebral space to extract cerebrospinal fluid or inject medication. It is primarily used for spinal anesthesia, but can also be used to measure intracranial pressure and diagnose and treat central nervous system diseases (such as meningitis, encephalitis, and hemorrhage). Traditional spinal anesthesia relies on blind puncture based on surface landmarks (such as the iliac crest line) and operator experience. However, approximately 20%-30% of patients have anatomical variations (such as scoliosis and degenerative lesions), which can lead to failed punctures or repeated attempts.

[0003] In this regard, the lumbar puncture (simulation) teaching model can be of great help to the lumbar puncture teaching and training of clinical anesthesiologists, residents and other medical staff. By repeatedly practicing on the model, the proficiency and accuracy in actual clinical operations can be improved, the success rate of difficult lumbar punctures can be increased, and the occurrence of complications caused by improper operations can be reduced.

[0004] However, the inventors of this application have discovered that the existing lumbar puncture teaching model only provides a relatively basic restoration of the lumbar spine condition of a normal patient, and is somewhat disconnected from the complex pathological conditions that may occur in actual situations. Therefore, due to the lack of simulation and restoration details in the model, its practical value has been affected to a certain extent, affecting the teaching and training effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model. By introducing a pathological bone structure module that simulates the corresponding pathological conditions of the lumbar structure on the basis of a detachable modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model, the lumbar puncture process under different pathological conditions is simulated. This can help trained medical staff to better understand the anatomical basis and operation points of lumbar puncture, deepen their understanding of different pathological changes, and provide an experimental platform for studying the improvement of lumbar puncture operations and the mechanism of occurrence of puncture-related complications. Furthermore, through better teaching and training effects, better lumbar puncture operations in actual clinical work can be promoted to ensure patients' medical service experience and personal safety.

[0006] The present application provides a modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model, which is composed of a detachable module that simulates the lumbar structure. The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model includes a soft tissue module, a subarachnoid space module, and multiple independent bony structure modules below the subcutaneous tissue module.

[0007] The soft tissue layer module wraps the bony structure module with polyurethane gel. The subarachnoid space module includes an elastic water bag simulating the subarachnoid space and a micro peristaltic pump simulating the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The elastic water bag is placed in the middle vertebral canal part of the bony structure module. The bony structure module includes a pathological bony structure module and a normal bony structure module. The pathological bony structure module is used to simulate the corresponding pathological conditions of the lumbar vertebrae structure. The tiny gaps between the modules are filled with ultrasonic coupling agent.

[0008] In a possible implementation of the present application, the pathological bone structure module includes a fat thickening module, and the fat thickening module includes a detachable module of 2-6 cm for simulating fat layers of different thicknesses.

[0009] In a possible implementation of the present application, the material of the fat layer is specifically polyurethane gel.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the present application, the pathological bone structure module includes a ligament calcification module and a scar tissue module, by embedding hard plates of different hardness locally at the yellow ligament position and the scar tissue position to simulate different degrees of ligament calcification and scar tissue.

[0011] In a possible implementation of the present application, the material of the partially embedded hard sheets of different hardness is specifically an epoxy resin sheet + a polyurethane composite layer, the hardness of the epoxy resin is set to Shore D60-D70, and the thickness is 1-3 mm.

[0012] In one possible implementation of the present application, the pathological bone structure module includes a scoliosis module, which is specifically a 3D-printed L1-L5 vertebral module with adjustable vertebral curvature to simulate the corresponding scoliosis condition;

[0013] The L1-L5 vertebral modules are specifically configured with a Cobb angle of 10°-50°.

[0014] In a possible implementation of the present application, the material of the vertebral part of the bony structure module is a photosensitive resin with a refractive index of 1.52, and a silicon dioxide coating is sprayed on the surface.

[0015] In a possible implementation of the present application, the pathological bone structure module includes a narrow intervertebral space module and a vertebral abnormality module.

[0016] In a possible implementation of the present application, the elastic water bag is composed of a three-layer structure including an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer;

[0017] The outer layer is an elastic membrane that simulates the arachnoid membrane and appears as a high-echo bright line under ultrasound;

[0018] The middle layer is a polymer gel that simulates the pia mater;

[0019] The inner layer is a liquid channel. After the puncture needle enters, the needle tip is displayed under ultrasound;

[0020] The flow rate of the micro peristaltic pump is 0.1-2 ml / s, and the flow rate is adjusted by the PID algorithm. The outflow rate is negatively correlated with the puncture depth.

[0021] In one possible implementation of the present application, in terms of tactile feedback, the modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model further embeds a pressure sensor with a range of 0-50N in the ligament layer;

[0022] The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model also includes an ultrasound device, which uses a low-frequency 2-8MHz convex array probe to scan the model and display ultrasound images and pressure monitoring in real time during the puncture training process.

[0023] From the above content, it can be concluded that this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] Aiming at the goal of improving the lumbar puncture teaching model, this application introduces a pathological bony structure module that simulates the corresponding pathological conditions of the lumbar structure on the basis of a detachable modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model, and simulates the lumbar puncture process under different pathological conditions. This can help trained medical staff better understand the anatomical basis and operation points of lumbar puncture, deepen their understanding of different pathological changes, and provide an experimental platform for studying the improvement of lumbar puncture operations and the occurrence mechanism of puncture-related complications. Furthermore, through better teaching and training effects, better lumbar puncture operations in actual clinical work can be promoted to ensure patients' medical service experience and personal safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model for this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of the modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model of this application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is another partial schematic diagram of the modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0030] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or modules is not necessarily limited to those steps or modules clearly listed, but may include other steps or modules that are not clearly listed or that are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The naming or numbering of steps in this application does not mean that the steps in the method flow must be executed in the time / logical sequence indicated by the naming or numbering. The process steps that have been named or numbered can be changed in the execution order according to the technical purpose to be achieved, as long as the same or similar technical effects can be achieved.

[0031] The division of modules in this application is a logical division. In actual application, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between modules can be electrical or other similar forms, which are not limited in this application. Moreover, the modules or submodules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, may or may not be physical modules, or may be distributed into multiple circuit modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this application.

[0032] First of all, the modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model provided in this application adopts a modular design, as can be seen from the literal meaning. The model is specifically composed of detachable modules that simulate the lumbar structure. The detachable modules are specifically composed of simulated different tissue structures and pathological conditions (a major module introduced in this application), and can be subdivided into different modules. In this way, in actual applications, or in other words, in the lumbar puncture teaching and training process under actual conditions, the modules can be assembled independently and flexibly according to needs to form a lumbar puncture teaching model that meets the required restoration and involves different complex pathological conditions, and continue to combine the ultrasound images collected by the ultrasound equipment to carry out dynamic operation monitoring and result display, so as to promote more delicate and in-depth teaching and training work.

[0033] Next, refer to Figure Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model of the present invention is shown ( Figure 1 The angle of the diagram corresponds to the spine section), and the reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 Partial schematic diagrams of the actual modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model of the present application are shown respectively. The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model provided by the present application includes a soft tissue module, a subarachnoid space module, and multiple independent bony structure modules under the subcutaneous tissue module (corresponding to the situation of multiple independent vertebrae in actual situations, so it can also be called a vertebral module). The soft tissue layer module wraps the bony structure module with polyurethane gel. The subarachnoid space module includes an elastic water bag simulating the subarachnoid space and a micro peristaltic pump simulating the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (the pump volume is very small, or the pump volume is less than the pump volume threshold). The elastic water bag is placed in the middle vertebral canal part of the bony structure module. The bony structure module includes a pathological bony structure module and a normal bony structure module. The pathological bony structure module is used to simulate the corresponding pathological conditions of the lumbar structure. The tiny gaps between the modules (the gap size is very small, or the gap size is less than the gap threshold) are filled with ultrasonic coupling agent.

[0034] Among them, the soft tissue layer module mainly plays the role of a filling structure in the model. In layman's terms, it is under the skin (the epidermis is replaceable and can be quickly replaced through a modular epidermal snap-on design) that the lumbar vertebrae are wrapped around with a special gel material, namely polyurethane gel. The sound speed of polyurethane gel is 1540m / s, which matches the acoustic characteristics of human soft tissue. At the same time, it also simulates the function of the soft tissue layer wrapped around the lumbar vertebrae in actual situations.

[0035] Polyurethane gel is similar to surgical gel positioning pads and has a certain degree of deformation ability. It also has better ultrasonic penetration performance, which makes it easier for ultrasound equipment to collect ultrasound images with better image quality to monitor the teaching and training process. In addition, due to its own characteristics, it will not leave a needle track during the puncture operation based on the lumbar puncture needle during the lumbar puncture teaching and training process.

[0036] As for the subcutaneous tissue module that can be seen on the outside of the model, it is easy to understand. It is a detachable module used to simulate subcutaneous tissue. It is usually 2-6 cm thick and is a relatively basic module.

[0037] Under the subcutaneous tissue, there are multiple independent bone structure modules wrapped by soft tissue layer modules, which are used to simulate the patient's lumbar vertebrae, corresponding to the actual situation of the lumbar vertebrae.

[0038] Among them, for the bone structure module, in terms of details, the gel wraps the lumbar vertebrae, but at the position of the articular process joint formed by the upper and lower articular processes, in the design scheme of this application, for the lumbar vertebrae, different from the normal or real structure, this application cross-sections the articular process joint and separates it into two bone structure modules, exposing the cross-section bone surface. For details of this situation, you can also refer to Figure 3 , so that the bone surfaces of the upper and lower modules can contact and better form a complete facet joint.

[0039] At the same time, the spinal canals of different lumbar vertebrae modules are consistent in size and shape. After splicing, the upper and lower spinal canals are connected and can accommodate the insertion of an elastic water bag.

[0040] During the assembly process of each detachable module, ultrasonic coupling agent is also used to fill the gaps. The ultrasonic coupling agent itself is a polymer gel. While fixing the structure in detail, it can effectively reduce the loss of ultrasonic energy by filling tiny gaps and isolating the air, thereby facilitating the smooth propagation of signals to obtain clear ultrasonic images, ensure the continuity of ultrasonic images, obtain better quality ultrasonic images, and then promote better teaching and training effects through better puncture process monitoring.

[0041] In addition, it can be noted that the bone structure module specifically includes two types: pathological bone structure module and normal bone structure module. The pathological bone structure module replaces the bone structure where the original vertebra is located, that is, the normal bone structure module. At the same time, on the basis of the basic vertebral structure, it also specifically simulates complex pathological conditions such as fat thickening, ligament calcification, scar tissue, narrow intervertebral space and vertebral abnormalities, and can be refined into corresponding specific modules according to function, which helps to realize the lumbar puncture environment and lumbar puncture process under different pathological conditions, and achieve more targeted and delicate teaching and training effects.

[0042] Different pathological bone structure modules and normal bone structure modules constitute the overall vertebral structure. In specific operations, the location where the normal bone structure module is abandoned and the specific pathological bone structure module is selected and assembled can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0043] As for the subarachnoid space module including an elastic water bag and a micro peristaltic pump, it is designed to achieve a more realistic lumbar puncture teaching and training effect from a deep level. Taking into account that the vertebrae involved in the bony structure module are assembled one by one, and the middle spinal canal part is also connected in sequence from top to bottom, a long elastic water bag can be placed in the spinal canal to simulate a continuous spinal canal, which corresponds to the subarachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal canal. The elastic water bag can be placed from one end of the assembled model and pass through the other end, and both ends are fixed to prevent it from slipping out. The flow of the corresponding water body in the elastic water bag is controlled by an external micro peristaltic pump (the specific water body composition can be configured in a targeted manner) to achieve the simulation of cerebrospinal fluid flow.

[0044] Next, each module specially designed for this application will be further explained.

[0045] As an exemplary embodiment, at the practical operational level, the soft tissue layer module may specifically use a high elasticity gel with a hardness of Shore A10.

[0046] As an exemplary embodiment, the pathological bone structure module may include a fat thickening module, and the fat thickening module includes a detachable module of 2-6 cm for simulating fat layers of different thicknesses.

[0047] It is easy to see that the fat thickening module simulates fat layers of different thicknesses based on the vertebral structure, corresponding to the obesity conditions of different patients in actual situations. Therefore, the fat thickening module simulates different degrees of fat layers in structure while also simulating different degrees of ultrasonic attenuation effects, providing a more complex lumbar puncture condition simulation effect.

[0048] The fat thickening module can be an integrated structure or a spliced ​​structure, that is, multiple fat thickening modules form an overall fat thickening module, which can be adjusted according to actual application requirements.

[0049] Furthermore, at the practical operational level, the material of the fat layer can be polyurethane gel.

[0050] As an example, a polyurethane gel material with a hardness of Shore A20 can be used to produce a 2-6 cm detachable fat thickening module without the need for a reinforcing agent.

[0051] On the other hand, as an exemplary embodiment, the pathological bone structure module may also include a ligament calcification module and a scar tissue module. Based on the vertebral structure, hard plates of different hardness are embedded locally at the yellow ligament position and the scar tissue position to simulate different degrees of ligament calcification and scar tissue.

[0052] Among them, ligament calcification refers to the phenomenon that the ligament tissue becomes hard and its elasticity decreases due to the deposition of calcium salts. It is common around the joints and may cause pain, limited movement and other problems. The main causes include aging, chronic injury, inflammation or metabolic abnormalities; scar tissue is a repair product after the tissue is damaged, in which the fibrous connective tissue proliferates to replace normal tissue. It is characterized by disordered collagen arrangement, lack of elasticity, and color and texture different from the surrounding normal tissue.

[0053] In layman's terms, the simulation of ligament calcification and scar tissue is achieved through obvious structural reinforcement at local locations, and can be specifically achieved by embedding hard plates of different hardness at local locations, thereby restoring the ligament calcification and scar tissue pathology that may be encountered during lumbar puncture.

[0054] Furthermore, at the practical operation level, the material for the locally embedded hard sheets of different hardness can be an epoxy resin sheet + polyurethane composite layer, that is, a composite layer of epoxy resin and polyurethane gel, with the hardness of the epoxy resin set to Shore D60-D70 and a thickness of 1-3 mm.

[0055] As an example, a corresponding hard plate may be embedded in the gap between the L3 vertebral module and the L4 vertebral module, with the hardness set to Shore D70.

[0056] On the other hand, the pathological bone structure module may also include a scoliosis module. Specifically, the scoliosis module may be a 3D-printed L1-L5 vertebral module with adjustable vertebral curvature (each module is optional) to simulate the corresponding scoliosis condition.

[0057] Among them, scoliosis is a common spinal deformity disease, also known as scoliosis, which is mainly manifested by the side of the spine deviating to one side, making the back present a C-shaped or S-shaped curve; narrow intervertebral space is a decrease in the height of the intervertebral disc between adjacent vertebrae, which is mostly caused by degeneration, trauma, inflammation or congenital factors; vertebral dysmorphism refers to vertebrae that are different from the normal shape, and there are various kinds of deformities.

[0058] It can be seen that in the setting here, the scoliosis module is designed with an adjustable vertebral curvature structure, so that the vertebral curvature can be adjusted according to the scoliosis pathology that needs to be simulated.

[0059] Furthermore, at the practical level, the L1-L5 vertebral module can be configured with a Cobb angle of 10°-50° to support paramedian approach training.

[0060] Among them, the Cobb angle is an existing measurement indicator used in clinical work to assess the severity of scoliosis.

[0061] As an example, a 30° scoliosis module can be connected to a 6 cm fat augmentation module by snap-fitting and covered with a polyurethane gel epidermis.

[0062] At the same time, the material of the vertebral part of the bony structure module (excluding the above-mentioned fat layer, hard plate and other parts unrelated to the basic vertebra) can be a photosensitive resin with a refractive index of 1.52, and a silicon dioxide coating is sprayed on the surface.

[0063] Among them, the photosensitive resin with a refractive index of 1.52 can effectively simulate the high echo of the vertebral body, and the silicon dioxide (SiO2) coating sprayed on the surface can further enhance ultrasound imaging.

[0064] As an example, the photosensitive resin material herein may specifically be a thermally responsive gel having a hardness of Shore A30. During operation, a gel coating may be sprayed on the pre-bent skeleton and support thermoplasticity.

[0065] In addition, the pathological bone structure module can also include a narrow intervertebral space module and a vertebral deformity module to continue to simulate pathological conditions such as narrow intervertebral space and vertebral deformity, and continue to simulate more special pathological conditions in details.

[0066] The above solution content can be better understood by combining it with the following Table 1:

[0067] Table 1 - Module Configuration Example

[0068]

[0069] At the same time, as an exemplary embodiment, the elastic water bag in the subarachnoid space module can be composed of a three-layer structure of an outer layer, a middle layer, and an inner layer, wherein:

[0070] The outer layer is an elastic membrane that simulates the arachnoid membrane and appears as a high-echo bright line under ultrasound;

[0071] The middle layer is a polymer gel that simulates the pia mater;

[0072] The inner layer is a liquid channel. After the puncture needle enters, the needle tip is displayed under ultrasound.

[0073] During the specific lumbar puncture teaching and training process, after the puncture needle passes through the outer layer and the middle layer in turn, it will obviously enter the inner layer liquid channel, triggering the simulated cerebrospinal fluid outflow. In this way, through this multi-layer structure design, the anatomical structure of the subarachnoid space is more realistically restored.

[0074] On the other hand, the micro peristaltic pump in the subarachnoid space module can be configured to have a flow rate of 0.1-2 ml / s, and the flow rate is adjusted by the PID algorithm. The outflow rate is negatively correlated with the puncture depth (R 2 >0.95).

[0075] Among them, PID, which stands for Proportional Integral Derivative, is a classic feedback control algorithm.

[0076] In addition, the modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model of this application also involves the structural design of a multimodal feedback system to better provide dynamic feedback during the lumbar puncture teaching and training process, thereby achieving better lumbar puncture simulation and dynamic monitoring effects.

[0077] Specifically, as an exemplary embodiment, in terms of tactile feedback, the modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model may further embed a pressure sensor with a range of 0-50N in the ligament layer.

[0078] It is understandable that the lumbar spine involves the subarachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid. More specifically, the subarachnoid space is a wide gap between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater of the spinal cord. It is largest in the lumbar region and contains cerebrospinal fluid. Lumbar puncture is generally performed between the 3rd and 4th or the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae. It is impossible to injure the spinal cord here. The long cauda equina nerve roots swim in the cerebrospinal fluid and are not easily punctured, making it a safe area for lumbar puncture.

[0079] As an example, the pressure sensor accuracy is ≤0.5N, and the flow pump error rate is ≤5%.

[0080] In this way, under the settings here, on the one hand, real-time monitoring of pressure or resistance can help to judge the needle insertion process and further teaching and training results (in some cases, assessment results) through corresponding analysis algorithms. For example, the needle insertion resistance associated with different materials / locations can be used to determine whether there is an abnormal puncture situation. At the same time, the resistance curve can also be displayed in real time in visualization. On the other hand, through the simulation of cerebrospinal fluid reflux, a better simulation effect of the lumbar structure can be achieved in terms of details.

[0081] In addition, it can be understood that, as can be seen from the name, the modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model of the present application may involve ultrasonic processing in specific applications. From the above description, it is also involved in the use of ultrasonic equipment to collect ultrasonic images. In this regard, it can be understood that in addition to being able to be equipped with ultrasonic equipment, the modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model of the present application can also directly incorporate the ultrasonic equipment into the equipment category of the modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model. In actual situations, this can be configured according to the specific scheme reference requirements.

[0082] In this regard, as an exemplary embodiment, the modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model may also include an ultrasound device, which uses a low-frequency 2-8 MHz convex array probe to scan the model and display ultrasound images and pressure monitoring conditions in real time during the puncture training process.

[0083] Among them, in terms of ultrasound, according to the probe classification, it can be divided into three categories: phased array probe, convex array probe and linear array probe. The convex array probe is a linear array composed of a row of vibrating elements. The vibrator transmits and receives ultrasonic waves at high-speed scanning to detect internal defects of the material. Its advantage is that it can provide deep surface structure imaging, which is more suitable for this application solution. Of course, it is also possible to choose other types of ultrasonic probes / solutions under actual circumstances.

[0084] As an example, during the specific operation, the ultrasound images collected by the ultrasound equipment can be used to guide the adjustment of the needle insertion angle to avoid the calcified area, and the pressure sensor provides real-time feedback on the breakthrough resistance (the threshold is set at 25N).

[0085] Among them, it can be understood that the setting here also involves a display screen (including a touch screen), which can be a supporting structure of the ultrasound equipment itself, or a further supporting structure outside the ultrasound equipment, that is, an external display screen device or other devices with a display screen, so that the collected ultrasound images and pressure monitoring conditions can be displayed in real time through the corresponding visual interface to dynamically display the current lumbar puncture teaching and training process.

[0086] In addition, if data processing involves further teaching and training results (including assessment results), the teaching and training results can continue to be displayed. Similarly, if there are other results display requirements, they can also be displayed together, such as the current operator's personal profile, lumbar puncture teaching objectives, simulated pathological conditions, abnormal puncture operation prompts, lumbar puncture process nodes, etc. Targeted content display can be carried out for operators, as well as for managers. This can be flexibly configured according to actual conditions.

[0087] Finally, regarding the above-mentioned plan contents, in general, aiming at the improvement goal of the lumbar puncture teaching model, this application introduces a pathological bone structure module that simulates the corresponding pathological conditions of the lumbar structure on the basis of a detachable modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model, and simulates the lumbar puncture process under different pathological conditions. This can help the trained medical staff to better understand the anatomical basis and operation points of lumbar puncture, deepen their understanding of different pathological changes, and provide an experimental platform for studying the improvement of lumbar puncture operations and the occurrence mechanism of puncture-related complications. In addition, through better teaching and training effects, better lumbar puncture operations in actual clinical work can be promoted to ensure patients' medical service experience and personal safety.

[0088] The ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model provided by this application is introduced in detail above. This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the core idea of ​​this application; at the same time, for technical personnel in this field, based on the idea of ​​this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on this application.

Claims

1. A modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model, characterized in that: The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model consists of a detachable module that simulates the lumbar structure. The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model includes a soft tissue module, a subarachnoid space module, and multiple independent bony structure modules below the subcutaneous tissue module. The soft tissue layer module wraps the bony structure module with polyurethane gel. The subarachnoid space module includes an elastic water bag simulating the subarachnoid space and a micro peristaltic pump simulating the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The elastic water bag is placed in the middle vertebral canal part of the bony structure module. The bony structure module includes a pathological bony structure module and a normal bony structure module. The pathological bony structure module is used to simulate the corresponding pathological conditions of the lumbar vertebrae structure. The tiny gaps between the modules are filled with ultrasonic coupling agent.

2. The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pathological bone structure module includes a fat thickening module, and the fat thickening module includes a detachable module of 2-6 cm for simulating fat layers of different thicknesses.

3. The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material of the fat layer is specifically polyurethane gel.

4. The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pathological bone structure module includes a ligament calcification module and a scar tissue module, which simulates light, medium and heavy ligament calcification and scar tissue by embedding hard sheets of different hardness locally at the yellow ligament position and scar tissue position.

5. The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model according to claim 4, characterized in that: The material of the partially embedded hard sheets with different hardness is specifically an epoxy resin sheet + a polyurethane composite layer. The hardness of the epoxy resin is set to Shore D60-D70 and the thickness is 1-3 mm.

6. The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pathological bone structure module includes a scoliosis module, which is specifically a 3D-printed L1-L5 vertebral module with adjustable vertebral curvature to simulate the corresponding scoliosis condition; The L1-L5 vertebral module is specifically configured with a Cobb angle of 10°-50°.

7. The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertebral part of the bone structure module is made of a photosensitive resin with a refractive index of 1.52, and a silicon dioxide coating is sprayed on the surface.

8. The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pathological bone structure module includes a narrow intervertebral space module and a vertebral abnormality module.

9. The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic water bag is composed of a three-layer structure of an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer; The outer layer is an elastic film that simulates the arachnoid membrane and appears as a high-echo bright line under ultrasound; The middle layer is a polymer gel that simulates the pia mater; The inner layer is a liquid channel, and after the puncture needle enters, the needle tip is displayed under ultrasound; The micro peristaltic pump has a flow rate of 0.1-2 ml / s, which is adjusted by a PID algorithm. The outflow rate is negatively correlated with the puncture depth.

10. The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of tactile feedback, the modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model also has a pressure sensor with a range of 0-50N embedded in the ligament layer; The modular ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture teaching model also includes an ultrasound device, which uses a low-frequency 2-8 MHz convex array probe to scan the model and display ultrasound images and pressure monitoring conditions in real time during the puncture training process.

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