Coastal bird habitat restoration and species diversity conservation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of natural ecosystem protection, and relates to a coastal bird habitat restoration and species diversity conservation method, which comprises the following steps of field investigation and operation division, habitat improvement and habitat restoration, facility supplementary construction and auxiliary brooding, wetland monitoring and food chain restoration. By implementing the technical scheme, the dilemma of habitat damage, poor livability, bird nesting difficulty, food source shortage and food chain breakage of the coastal degraded wetland can be effectively relieved, habitat improvement of the coastal wetland and rapid recovery of indigenous vegetation are achieved, and a habitat space which is rich in vegetation, sufficient in food source, stable in habitat and suitable for reproduction is provided for the wetland birds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of improving the protection quality of natural ecosystems, and in particular relates to a method for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity. Background Art

[0002] Coastal wetlands are also the natural resources with the richest biological resources and the most fragile ecology. The large areas of mudflats in the coastal zone provide abundant food sources and wide-area habitats for various wild birds. They are the activity space and wintering place for various water birds. They are important places for protecting bird species diversity in countries around the world. Any slight changes in their ecological environment will have a significant impact on the safety of global waterbird populations.

[0003] In recent years, in conjunction with my country's "Returning Fishing to Wetlands" and "Returning Farmland to Grassland" initiatives, several coastal wetland islands and shoals have initiated wetland ecological restoration projects, conducted a series of wetland restoration experiments and species conservation technology research, and achieved some research success. However, due to a lack of necessary technical specifications and high-value-added auxiliary facilities, wetland restoration projects across the country have progressed slowly, with poor results and limited improvements. Restoration of damaged bird habitats has been limited, and biodiversity conservation efforts are inadequate. Objectively, there is an urgent need for the introduction of relevant new technologies, methods, and materials to guide the ecological protection and biodiversity conservation of coastal tidal flat wetland ecosystems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for coastal bird habitat restoration and species diversity conservation in response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, so as to meet the actual needs of wetland restoration and biodiversity conservation projects in the current construction of natural ecological environment in my country's coastal zone.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity comprises the following steps: S1: Field survey and operation zoning: Comprehensively understand the degradation of bird habitats and the survival status of birds, investigate wetland habitat parameters and bird population structure, and clarify the relationship between bird habitat and wetland habitat requirements; carry out operation zoning based on the wetland habitat survey results, and divide the operation into several operation areas, each with relatively consistent habitat and terrain conditions; S2: Habitat improvement and habitat restoration: Implement habitat improvement measures based on field survey data. Habitat improvement measures include embankment removal, soil improvement, water level regulation, and vegetation restoration. S3: Facility reconstruction and assisted chick rearing: Based on the operation area, auxiliary measures conducive to bird habitat and reproduction are set up, consciously attracting beneficial birds and people to promote chick rearing, and promote the recovery of bird populations; S4: Wetland monitoring and food chain repair: Regularly carry out bird population monitoring and habitat quality monitoring in spring and autumn every year, and promptly adjust restoration plans and habitat improvement measures to repair the food chain.

[0006] Specifically, in step S1, the wetland habitat parameters include soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil acidity and alkalinity, soil total salt mass ratio, soil nitrogen and phosphorus mass ratio, surface water salinity mass fraction, vegetation cover, Simpson diversity index, Shannon index, and Pielou evenness index; the bird habitat population structure includes the number of bird species, distribution pattern, and diet structure.

[0007] Specifically, in step S2, the embankment pushing and silting promotion is to implement embankment breaking and drainage with the help of machines, so as to restore the proper tidal fluctuations of the coastal area and restore the natural properties of the coastal wetland; The soil improvement mentioned above is to apply homemade organic fertilizer combined with mechanical tillage to improve the permeability, tillageability and acidity and alkalinity of the base soil, increase the soil porosity, and create convenient conditions for vegetation restoration and soil animal habitat; The water level regulation is to take measures such as reducing slopes and leveling, digging soil to build islands, raising fields and opening ditches according to the water level requirements of bird populations in different operation areas, so as to manage the water environment and make the water environment suitable for the survival and reproduction of benthic animals, and reserve sufficient meat food sources for birds; The vegetation restoration is to achieve rapid repair of wetland vegetation through artificial migration, auxiliary sowing, and emergency measures for invasive species control.

[0008] Furthermore, the organic improved fertilizer is prepared by mixing crushed straws of three aquatic plants, namely, reed, giant reed and sedge, in a volume ratio of 3-4-5:1:1, and then mixing and fermenting with mineral potassium humate in a volume ratio of 4-5:1.

[0009] Furthermore, the artificial migration refers to artificial root replanting of native halophytes, including any combination of three or more species of grass, sedge, wormwood, water polygonum, quinoa, rush, and ophiopogon, with a planting density of 40 to 60 plants / m 2 The auxiliary sowing refers to manually collecting the seeds of the above-mentioned native plants, mixing them evenly and sowing them in the field in spring after wintering, with a sowing density of 1.5 to 2 kg per mu.

[0010] Furthermore, the invasive species control refers to clearing out the invasive Spartina alterniflora, Spartina grandis, Fleabane, Amaranthus spinulosa, Echinops chinensis, Solidago canadensis, Aster tataricus, Bidens pilosa, and Corydalis chinensis from the operation area, thereby curbing the occupation of ecological niches by invasive species.

[0011] Specifically, in step S3, the auxiliary measures include building perches, releasing breeding nests and burying feeding racks.

[0012] Furthermore, the main body of the perch is a wooden structure processed from broadwood, with a natural open-heart shape, and consists of four parts: a central axis, a perch 2, a footrest, and a fixing cone; wherein the central axis is 2 to 4 cm thick, 0.8 to 1.5 m high, and is located in the center. A fixing hole with a diameter of 0.8 cm is left every 20 to 30 cm, and the bottom is connected to the fixing cone; the fixing cone is divided into a through-axis and a through-cone. The through-axis is hollow, 5 cm long, and has a diameter equivalent to the central axis. It is directly connected to the central axis with matching screws; the through-cone is 10 cm long and has a naturally tapered top; the perch is naturally radial in three-cleft shape, and is divided into three layers: an upper perch, a middle perch, and a lower perch. The single-side lengths are 25 cm, 35 cm, and 45 cm respectively, with a top-to-bottom spacing of 20 to 30 cm. The perch is fixed to the fixing hole of the central axis with matching angle irons and screws; the footrest is located 15 to 20 cm below the bottom perch and is used for artificial feet to step into the ground.

[0013] Furthermore, the breeding nest is cylindrical in shape and consists of a nest body, an opening, a stand and a connecting shaft. Cattails are placed inside the nest body. The nest body is made of bamboo and has a volume of 800 to 1200 cm. 3 , with an opening on the side; the seat is in the shape of an inverted Chinese character, with a horizontal top and two 25-3 cm high columns on both sides. The seat is welded and fixed to the connecting shaft; the connecting shaft is a flat rectangular structure, 45-50 cm wide and 2 cm thick, with a 3 cm diameter hole opened every 10 cm in the middle. The nest body is fixed to the connecting shaft with wire passing through the hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the overall skeleton of the feeding rack is cross-shaped and consists of five parts: a base, a cross bar, a vertical support, a feeding box, and a water collector; wherein the base is a concrete structure with a cubic shape of 25 cm long, 10 cm wide and 15 cm high, which is used for overall fixed support; the vertical support is a square columnar metal structure with a height of 1.5 to 2.0 m and a side length of 5 cm, and the bottom is fixed to the center of the base with angle iron and matching expansion screws; hooks are welded on both sides of the vertical support at 35 cm and 75 cm from the top, and a cross bar is welded 35 cm below the hook. The cross bar is a cylindrical metal structure with a single side length of 1.5 cm and a diameter of 1.5 to 2.0 cm. A hole-shaped water collector is fixed on the top facing upwards for collecting rainwater; wherein the feeding box is a translucent box-shaped structure formed by bonding frosted glass, with a movable top plate on the top, and seeds or feed are contained inside; the feeding box is 20 cm long, 15 cm wide and 60 cm high cm, and two elliptical longitudinal perforations are evenly opened on the upper and lower sides of one side. The longitudinal perforations are 10 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, with a center spacing of 40 cm. The longitudinal perforations are matched and fixed with hooks. The other three sides are evenly opened with elliptical feeding holes, with a long hole diameter of 10 cm and a short hole diameter of 5 cm to meet the feeding needs of birds.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) This invention introduces restoration ecology theory into wetland restoration projects, based on habitat investigation and habitat assessment, and starting from meeting the habitat needs of birds and repairing the food chain. Through terrain shaping, habitat repair, and vegetation formation according to local conditions, a superior wetland environment is created for the survival of coastal birds. Under the premise of ensuring the natural protection of coastal wetlands and the protection of resources from damage, structural adjustment and habitat improvement are conducive to the nesting, resting, feeding, and reproduction of migratory birds, and are conducive to repairing the gap in the food chain of coastal wetlands. It has important guiding significance for the conservation of biodiversity of coastal birds in my country.

[0016] (2) The present invention overcomes the limitations of wetland restoration communities in existing technical literature, such as monotony, simplification of objectives, and failure to consider the habitat needs of birds. It conducts comprehensive restoration of bird habitats from the four aspects of food, shelter, transportation, and reproduction. It uses roosting trees, breeding nests, and feeding racks as materials to provide birds with rest, food, water, and reproduction conveniences. It interprets the ecological concept of coastal wetland restoration that is bird-oriented and harmonious between humans and birds, ensures that wetlands can retain birds, feed birds, and expand bird populations, and creates favorable conditions for the conservation of coastal bird species diversity.

[0017] (3) The present invention meets the current emergency response strategy for the evolution of ecosystems in coastal areas of my country due to the control of Spartina alterniflora, the sudden deterioration of bird habitats, and the sharp decline in wetland biodiversity. It is an emergency service technology for coastal areas to fight the battle of rapid wetland restoration and vegetation restoration and reconstruction. It is also an important embodiment of consciously fulfilling the Convention on Biological Diversity and implementing the Wetland Protection and Restoration System Plan. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the above and / or other advantages of the present invention will become more apparent.

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the perch structure.

[0020] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the breeding nest structure.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding rack structure.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the food supplement box structure.

[0023] Explanation of the marks in the figure: 1. Central axis, 1′, fixing hole, 2. Perch, 3. Footrest, 4. Fixing cone, 5. Nest body, 6. Opening, 7. Seat, 8. Connecting axis, 9. Cattail, 10. Vertical column, 11. Feeding box, 12. Vertical support, 13. Crossbar, 14. Water collector, 15. Base, 16. Hook, 17. Feeding hole, 18. Seed or feed, 19. Longitudinal perch, 20. Top plate, 21. Upper perch, 22. Middle perch, 23. Lower perch, 41. Through-axis, 42. Through-cone, 81. Hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention can be better understood with reference to the following examples.

[0025] A method for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity, the implementation process of which includes the following steps: S1. Field Survey and Operational Zoning: Comprehensively understand the degradation of bird habitats and the survival status of birds, investigate wetland habitat parameters and bird population structure, and clarify the relationship between bird habitat and wetland habitat requirements; conduct operational zoning based on the wetland habitat survey results, and divide the operation into several operation areas, each with relatively consistent habitat and terrain conditions; S2. Habitat improvement and habitat restoration: Habitat improvement measures are implemented based on field survey data. Habitat improvement measures include embankment pushing and silting, soil improvement, water level regulation, and vegetation restoration. Among them, embankment pushing and silting means using machines to implement embankment breaking and diversion to restore the proper tidal rise and fall of the coast and restore the natural properties of coastal wetlands. Soil improvement means applying homemade organic improved fertilizers, combined with mechanical plowing, to improve the permeability, tillageability and acidity of the base soil, increase soil porosity, and create convenient conditions for vegetation restoration and soil animal habitats. Water level regulation means taking water level regulation measures such as slope reduction and leveling, soil excavation and island building, and field raising and ditching according to the water level requirements of bird populations in different operation areas, managing the water environment, making the water environment suitable for the survival and reproduction of benthic animals, and reserving sufficient meat food sources for birds. Vegetation restoration means achieving rapid restoration of wetland vegetation through emergency measures such as artificial migration, auxiliary sowing, and invasive species control. S3. Facility Construction and Assisted Chick Rearing: Based on the operational zoning, support measures will be established to facilitate bird habitat and reproduction, intentionally attracting beneficial birds and promoting chick rearing, thereby promoting bird population recovery. Support measures include constructing perches, releasing breeding nests, and burying feeding racks. S4. Wetland monitoring and food chain repair: Regularly carry out bird population monitoring and habitat quality monitoring in spring and autumn every year, and promptly adjust restoration plans and habitat improvement measures to keep pace with the times and be targeted.

[0026] In this embodiment, the wetland habitat parameters include soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil acidity and alkalinity, soil total salt mass ratio, soil nitrogen and phosphorus mass ratio, surface water salinity mass fraction, vegetation cover, Simpson diversity index, Shannon index, and Pielou evenness index; the bird habitat population structure includes the number of bird species, distribution pattern, and diet structure.

[0027] In this embodiment, the main component of the organic improved fertilizer is the crushed straw of three aquatic plants, namely reed, giant bamboo and reed, which are mixed in a volume ratio of 3:1:1 and then mixed with mineral potassium humate in a volume ratio of 4:1 and fermented.

[0028] In this embodiment, the artificial migration refers to artificial root replanting of native halophytes, including any combination of three or more species such as eye canthus, salsa salsa, wormwood, water polygonum, quinoa, rush, ophiopogon, etc., with a planting density of 40 to 60 plants / m 2 ; The auxiliary sowing refers to the manual collection of the seeds of the above-mentioned native plants, and after wintering, they are evenly mixed and sown in the field in spring, with a sowing density of 1.5 to 2 kg per mu; the invasive species control refers to the removal of Spartina alterniflora, Spartina serrata, Annual Fleabane, Amaranthus spinulosa, Schizonepeta tenuifolia, Canada thistle, Aster tataricus, Bidens pilosa, Corydalis dasyphylla, etc. that invade the operation area, so as to curb the invasion of invasive species into ecological niches.

[0029] In this embodiment, the perching wood structure is as follows Figure 1 As shown. The main body of the perch is a wooden structure processed from broadwood, with a natural open-heart shape. It consists of four parts: a central axis 1, a perch 2, a footrest 3, and a fixing cone 4. Among them, the central axis 1 is 2 to 4 cm thick and 0.8 to 1.5 m high. It is located in the center and has a fixing hole 1' with a diameter of 0.8 cm every 20 to 30 cm. The bottom is connected to the fixing cone 4. The fixing cone 4 is divided into two parts: a through-axis 41 and a through-cone 42. The through-axis 41 is hollow, 5 cm long, and has a diameter equivalent to that of the central axis 1. It is directly connected to the central axis 1 with a matching screw. The through-cone 42 is 10 cm long and has a naturally tapered top, which can be directly fixed into the ground. The perch 2 is naturally three-split and radial, and is divided into three layers: an upper perch 21, a middle perch 11, and a lower perch 23. The single-side lengths are 25 cm, 35 cm, and 45 cm, respectively, and the upper and lower spacing is 20 to 30 cm. cm, the perch 2 is fixed to the fixing hole 1' of the central axis 1 with matching angle irons and screws; the footrest 3 is located about 20 cm below the lowest perch and is used for artificial feet to step into the ground.

[0030] In this embodiment, the breeding nest structure is as follows Figure 2 The breeding nest is cylindrical in shape and consists of a nest body 5, an opening 6, a base 7, and a connecting shaft 8. Cattail grass 9 is placed inside. The nest body 5 is made of bamboo and has a volume of 800 to 1200 cm. 3, there is an opening 6 on the side; the seat 7 is an inverted concave shape, with a horizontal top and two columns 10 about 3 cm high on both sides. The seat 7 is welded and fixed to the connecting shaft 8; the connecting shaft 8 is a flat rectangular structure, about 50 cm wide and 2 cm thick, with holes 81 with a diameter of 3 cm opened every 10 cm in the middle. The nest body 5 is fixed to the connecting shaft 8 with a wire passing through the hole 81.

[0031] In this embodiment, the food supplement rack is as follows Figure 3 As shown. The overall skeleton is cross-shaped, consisting of five parts: a base 15, a crossbar 13, a vertical support 12, a feeding box 11, and a water collector 14. The base 15 is a concrete structure with a cube shape of 25 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 15 cm high, which is used for overall fixed support. The vertical support 12 is a square columnar metal structure, about 2.0 m high and 5 cm long. The bottom is fixed to the center of the base 15 with angle irons and matching expansion screws. Hooks 16 are welded on both sides of the vertical support 12 at 35 cm and 75 cm from the top. A crossbar 13 is welded 35 cm below the hook 16. The crossbar 13 is a cylindrical metal structure with a single side length of 1.5 cm and a diameter of 1.5 to 2.0 cm. A hole-shaped water collector 14 is fixed on the top facing upwards to collect rainwater to supply the drinking water needs of birds. As shown Figure 4 As shown, the feeding box 11 is a translucent box structure formed by gluing frosted glass, with a movable top plate 20 on the top, and seeds or feed 18 inside. The feeding box 11 is 20 cm long, 15 cm wide, and 60 cm high. Two longitudinal perforations 19 are evenly opened on one side, with a length of 10 m, a width of 1.5 cm, and a center distance of 40 cm. The longitudinal perforations 19 are matched with the hooks 16 for fixation. In addition, oval feeding holes 17 are evenly opened on the three sides, with a long hole diameter of 10 cm and a short hole diameter of 5 cm to meet the feeding needs of birds.

[0032] The present invention provides a method and approach for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity. Numerous methods and approaches exist for implementing this technical solution. The foregoing merely represents a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Any components not specified in this embodiment may be implemented using existing technologies.

Claims

1. A method for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Field survey and operation zoning: Comprehensively understand the degradation of bird habitats and the survival status of birds, investigate wetland habitat parameters and bird population structure, and clarify the relationship between bird habitat and wetland habitat requirements; carry out operation zoning based on the wetland habitat survey results, and divide the operation into several operation areas, each with relatively consistent habitat and terrain conditions; S2: Habitat improvement and habitat restoration: Implement habitat improvement measures based on field survey data. Habitat improvement measures include embankment removal, soil improvement, water level regulation, and vegetation restoration. S3: Facility reconstruction and assisted chick rearing: Based on the operation area, auxiliary measures conducive to bird habitat and reproduction are set up, consciously attracting beneficial birds and people to promote chick rearing, and promote the recovery of bird populations; S4: Wetland monitoring and food chain repair: Regularly carry out bird population monitoring and habitat quality monitoring in spring and autumn every year, and promptly adjust restoration plans and habitat improvement measures to repair the food chain.

2. The method for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the wetland habitat parameters include soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil acidity and alkalinity, soil total salt mass ratio, soil nitrogen and phosphorus mass ratio, surface water salinity mass fraction, vegetation cover, Simpson diversity index, Shannon index, and Pielou evenness index; the bird habitat population structure includes the number of bird species, distribution pattern, and diet structure.

3. The method for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the embankment pushing and silting promotion is to implement embankment breaking and drainage with the help of machines, so as to restore the proper tidal fluctuations of the coastal area and restore the natural properties of the coastal wetland; The soil improvement mentioned above is to apply homemade organic fertilizer combined with mechanical tillage to improve the permeability, tillageability and acidity and alkalinity of the base soil, increase the soil porosity, and create convenient conditions for vegetation restoration and soil animal habitat; The water level regulation is to take measures such as reducing slopes and leveling, digging soil to build islands, raising fields and opening ditches according to the water level requirements of bird populations in different operation areas, so as to manage the water environment and make the water environment suitable for the survival and reproduction of benthic animals, and reserve sufficient meat food sources for birds; The vegetation restoration is to achieve rapid repair of wetland vegetation through artificial migration, auxiliary sowing, and emergency measures for invasive species control.

4. The method for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity according to claim 3, characterized in that: The organic improved fertilizer is prepared by mixing crushed straws of three aquatic plants, namely, reed, giant reed and sedge, in a volume ratio of 3-4-5:1:1, and then mixing and fermenting with mineral potassium fulvic acid in a volume ratio of 4-5:

1.

5. The method for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity according to claim 3, characterized in that: The artificial migration refers to artificial root replanting of native halophytes, including any combination of three or more species of grass, sedge, wormwood, water polygonum, quinoa, rush, and ophiopogon, with a planting density of 40 to 60 plants / m 2 The auxiliary sowing refers to manually collecting the seeds of the above-mentioned native plants, mixing them evenly and sowing them in the field in spring after wintering, with a sowing density of 1.5 to 2 kg per mu.

6. The method for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity according to claim 3, characterized in that: The invasive species control refers to clearing the invasion of Spartina alterniflora, Spartina serrata, Fleabane, Amaranthus spinulosa, Echinops chinensis, Solidago canadensis, Aster tataricus, Bidens pilosa, and Corydalis chinensis in the operation area, and curbing the invasion of invasive species into ecological niches.

7. The method for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the auxiliary measures include building perches, releasing breeding nests and burying feeding racks.

8. The method for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity according to claim 7, characterized in that: The main body of the perch is a wooden structure made of broadwood, and has a natural open-heart shape. It consists of four parts: a central axis (1), a perch (2), a footrest (3), and a fixing cone (4); wherein the central axis (1) is 2 to 4 cm thick, 0.8 to 1.5 m high, and is located in the center. A fixing hole (1′) with a diameter of 0.8 cm is left every 20 to 30 cm, and the bottom is connected to the fixing cone (4); the fixing cone (41) is divided into two parts: a through-axis (41) and a through-cone (42). The through-axis (41) is hollow, 5 cm long, and has a diameter equivalent to that of the central axis (1). It is directly connected to the central axis (1) with a matching screw; the through-cone (42) is 10 cm long and has a naturally tapered top; the perch (2) is naturally radially split into three layers, namely, an upper perch (21), a middle perch (22), and a lower perch (23). The lengths of the single sides are 25 cm, 35 cm, and 45 cm, respectively, and the upper and lower spacings are 20 to 30 cm. The perches (21, 22, 23) are fixed to the fixing holes (1′) of the central axis (1) with matching angle irons and screws; the footrest (3) is located 15 to 20 cm below the bottom perch (23) and is used for artificial feet to step into the ground.

9. The method for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity according to claim 7, characterized in that: The breeding nest is in the shape of a horizontal cylinder and is composed of a nest body (5), an opening (6), a stand (7) and a connecting shaft (8). Cattail grass (9) is placed inside the nest body (5). The nest body (5) is made of bamboo and has a volume of 800 to 1200 cm 3 , with an opening (6) on the side; the stand (7) is in the shape of an inverted concave character, with a horizontal top and two 25-3 cm high columns (10) on both sides, and the stand (7) is welded and fixed to the connecting shaft (8); the connecting shaft (8) is a flat rectangular structure, 45-50 cm wide and 2 cm thick, with a hole (81) of 3 cm in diameter opened every 10 cm in the middle, and the nest body (5) is fixed to the connecting shaft (8) with a wire passing through the hole (81).

10. The method for restoring coastal bird habitats and conserving species diversity according to claim 7, characterized in that: The overall skeleton of the feeding rack is cross-shaped and consists of five parts: a base (15), a crossbar (13), a vertical support (12), a feeding box (11), and a water collector (14); wherein the base (15) is a concrete structure with a cubic shape, 25 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 15 cm high, and is used for overall fixed support; the vertical support (12) is a square columnar metal structure, 1.5 to 2.0 m high, 5 cm long on a side, and the bottom is fixed to the center of the base (15) with angle iron and matching expansion screws; hooks (16) are welded on both sides of the vertical support (12) at 35 cm and 75 cm from the top, and a crossbar (13) is welded 35 cm below the hook (16), and the crossbar (13) is a cylindrical metal structure with a single side length of 1.5 cm and a diameter of 1.5 to 2.0 The feeding box (11) is a semi-transparent box structure formed by gluing frosted glass, with a movable top plate (20) on the top, and seeds or feed (18) inside. The feeding box (11) is 20 cm long, 15 cm wide and 60 cm high. Two elliptical longitudinal perforations (19) are evenly opened on one side, the longitudinal perforations (19) are 10 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, with a center spacing of 40 cm. The longitudinal perforations (19) are matched and fixed with the hooks (16). Elliptical feeding holes (17) are evenly opened on the other three sides, with a long hole diameter of 10 cm and a short hole diameter of 5 cm to meet the feeding needs of birds.

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