Earthquake landslide risk assessment method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of earthquake engineering, geotechnical engineering and geological disaster assessment, in particular to an earthquake landslide risk assessment method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining regional topographic data, and constructing a topographic geometric model based on the regional topographic data; on the basis of the terrain geometric model, identifying a specific landform unit in which energy convergence may exist in the region; for the specific landform unit, simulating a propagation path of a seismic wave in the terrain geometric model, and determining the energy influence degree of the specific landform unit on the seismic wave according to the change of the propagation path; according to the method, the influence of complex terrains on the local energy of seismic waves can be effectively considered by constructing a terrain geometric model, identifying an energy convergence landform unit, simulating seismic wave propagation and correcting seismic oscillation parameters, so that the influence of the complex terrains on the local energy of the seismic waves can be effectively considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of earthquake engineering, geotechnical engineering and geological disaster assessment, and in particular to a method and system for assessing the risk of earthquake landslides. Background Art

[0002] Traditional seismic landslide assessments for linear engineering slopes in mountainous areas often rely on simplified two-dimensional analysis and assume uniform distribution of seismic motion. However, specific three-dimensional terrain (such as ridges and valleys) can locally concentrate or disperse seismic wave energy, causing surface vibration intensity to deviate significantly from the regional mean. Underestimating this terrain amplification effect can lead to misjudgment of slope hazard, threatening engineering safety.

[0003] For example, during a survey of a transportation corridor in a mountainous area, the team followed a standard assessment process: obtaining geological and hydrological information; applying a unified seismic input based on a zoning map; analyzing representative sections using the two-dimensional limit equilibrium method to calculate safety factors; and reporting stable, unstable, and dangerous sections to guide subsequent decision-making. A moderate earthquake struck several years after the project was under construction. Investigations revealed that the toe of a slope previously deemed "stable" had collapsed, while some "dangerous" slopes remained intact. A review revealed that the peak acceleration at a monitoring point near the unstable slope was more than double the regional prediction. This data anomaly clearly indicated that the seismic motion at that specific location was significantly amplified. The focus of the investigation immediately shifted to the topographic features of the unstable slope itself. The team retrieved high-precision 3D LiDAR scan data, which no longer presented a 2D profile but instead a digital terrain model that could be rotated and scaled at will. The high-precision scan revealed that the slope was located at the intersection of a ridge and a valley, with a protruding structure (similar to a convex lens). This 3D shape had been overlooked in the 2D profile. The analysis inferred that the structure caused the seismic waves to refract, converge and superimpose (like a magnifying glass focusing), resulting in local vibrations far exceeding expectations, and the original uniform seismic motion assumption became invalid. In order to verify this inference and revise the assessment, the team tried to use a commercial three-dimensional geotechnical engineering numerical simulation software for back calculations. They input a detailed three-dimensional terrain model and geotechnical parameters, and applied regional seismic motions, but the simulated acceleration amplification factor was far from the actual one. After in-depth analysis, it was found that the software's built-in meshing logic, although capable of generating three-dimensional meshes, was originally designed for static or quasi-static analysis, and could not automatically encrypt the mesh based on subtle changes in terrain curvature to capture the interference and diffraction of waves on such fine structures. At the same time, the software's built-in constitutive model and wave equation solver simplify and approximate when dealing with this nonlinear superposition of wave fields caused by terrain geometry, and cannot accurately restore the entire process of energy focusing.

[0004] At this point, the assessment had reached a technical impasse. On the one hand, the team had confirmed that, in such complex mountainous areas, landslide risk was no longer determined solely by the quality of the rock mass, but rather by the local amplification effect of three-dimensional topography on seismic motion. On the other hand, they lacked an effective methodology. An accurate assessment required a computational model that directly linked a series of three-dimensional topographic factors—elevation, aspect, slope, and curvature—with the physical processes of seismic wave propagation in inhomogeneous media. This model would need to output a quantitative "topography amplification factor" to modify the seismic motion parameters input into stability calculations. However, such an assessment method was not currently available in engineering practice. Consequently, faced with the sprawling transportation corridor, the team was unable to effectively and reliably identify and zonate locations across the vast area with similar topographic amplification risks, bringing seismic safety assurance efforts along the entire corridor to a standstill.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the existing technology is in urgent need of improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a method and system for assessing the risk of earthquake landslides.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for assessing earthquake landslide hazard, the method comprising the following steps: Acquiring regional terrain data, and constructing a terrain geometric model based on the regional terrain data; Based on the terrain geometry model, identifying specific geomorphic units in the region where energy may be concentrated; For the specific geomorphic unit, simulate the propagation path of the seismic wave in the terrain geometric model, and determine the degree of influence of the specific geomorphic unit on the energy of the seismic wave based on the change of the propagation path; According to the energy impact degree, the regional seismic parameters are corrected, and the landslide hazard assessment is performed based on the corrected regional seismic parameters.

[0008] The core innovation of this application is that by combining the identification of specific geomorphic units based on terrain geometry models with the simulation of seismic wave propagation paths to determine the degree of energy impact, it solves the problem of traditional assessment methods ignoring the local amplification effect of three-dimensional terrain on seismic waves, and achieves the effect of assessing regional earthquake landslide hazards.

[0009] In a second aspect, a system for assessing earthquake landslide hazard is provided, the system comprising: A model building module, configured to obtain regional terrain data and build a terrain geometric model based on the regional terrain data; A landform recognition module, configured to identify specific landform units with energy concentration in the region based on the terrain geometric model; an impact determination module, configured to simulate, for the specific geomorphic unit, a propagation path of a seismic wave in the terrain geometric model, and determine, based on changes in the propagation path, a degree of influence of the specific geomorphic unit on the energy of the seismic wave; An assessment module is used to correct regional earthquake parameters according to the energy impact degree, and perform landslide hazard assessment based on the corrected regional earthquake parameters.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By constructing a terrain geometric model, identifying energy-gathering geomorphic units, simulating seismic wave propagation and correcting seismic motion parameters, the local energy impact of complex terrain on seismic waves can be effectively considered, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of earthquake landslide hazard assessment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 Flow chart of the method of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention.

[0013] In the figure: 201, model building module; 202, landform identification module; 203, impact determination module; 204, assessment module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0015] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the specified features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0016] Traditional methods for assessing the risk of earthquake landslides in linear projects, such as mountain transportation corridors, often rely on simplified two-dimensional analysis and assume that seismic motion is uniformly distributed over a small area. This approach fails to accurately quantify the effects of three-dimensional terrain on the local concentration or dispersion of seismic wave energy, leading to discrepancies between actual surface ground motion intensity and regional averages. If the terrain's amplification effect on ground motion is overlooked or underestimated, this can lead to inaccurate assessments of the slope's actual hazard, posing a threat to the safe operation of linear projects.

[0017] To this end, this application Figure 1 A method for assessing earthquake landslide hazard is shown, the method comprising the following steps: S101, acquiring regional terrain data, and constructing a terrain geometric model based on the regional terrain data; S102. Based on the terrain geometry model, identifying specific geomorphic units in the region where energy may be concentrated; S103, simulating the propagation path of the seismic wave in the terrain geometric model for the specific geomorphic unit, and determining the degree of influence of the specific geomorphic unit on the energy of the seismic wave based on the change of the propagation path; S104. Correct the regional seismic parameters according to the degree of energy impact, and perform a landslide hazard assessment based on the corrected regional seismic parameters.

[0018] Regional terrain data refers to the original information used to describe the surface morphology and elevation distribution. It can be obtained through methods such as lidar scanning data, aerial photogrammetry data, or satellite remote sensing data. Its main purpose is to provide a digital foundation for the geometric features of the surface. The terrain geometry model refers to a three-dimensional digital representation of the surface undulations and morphology, constructed based on regional terrain data. It can be implemented using an irregular triangulated network model, a grid digital elevation model, or a polygonal mesh model. Its main purpose is to provide a geometric foundation for subsequent energy convergence identification and seismic wave propagation simulation.

[0019] Specific geomorphic units are topographic features within a region that have a specific geometric shape and may locally converge or diverge seismic wave energy. These can include ridges, convex slopes, valleys, or saddles. Their purpose is to specifically identify areas where seismic wave energy may be concentrated or dispersed. Energy convergence refers to the phenomenon in which seismic wave energy is enhanced in a local area due to the geometric effects of terrain during propagation. This concept is primarily used to quantify the impact of terrain on seismic wave intensity.

[0020] Simulating the propagation path of seismic waves within a terrain geometry model involves tracing the trajectory of seismic waves within a three-dimensional terrain structure through computational or simulation methods. This can be accomplished using geometric ray tracing, finite element numerical simulation, or finite difference numerical simulation. Its primary purpose is to reveal the influence of topography on the propagation direction and energy distribution of seismic waves. The energy impact is a quantitative measure of the local amplification or suppression of seismic wave energy by a specific geomorphic unit. This can be expressed as a terrain amplification coefficient or energy attenuation coefficient, and is primarily used to provide a basis for subsequent revisions to regional seismic motion parameters.

[0021] Modifying regional seismic motion parameters means adjusting the original seismic motion parameters according to the degree of influence of the terrain on the seismic wave energy to make them more consistent with the actual surface seismic motion conditions. This can be achieved by multiplying the original seismic motion parameters with the degree of energy influence or by adjusting the spatial distribution through interpolation algorithms. Its main purpose is to improve the accuracy of landslide hazard assessment.

[0022] The solution of this application implements an assessment of earthquake landslide hazard through a series of logically progressive steps. First, acquiring regional topographic data is the foundation of the entire assessment process. This raw data is used to construct a three-dimensional terrain geometric model reflecting the surface undulations. This model provides the geometric basis for all subsequent terrain-based analyses. Based on this, the system uses the constructed terrain geometric model to identify specific geomorphic units within the region that may cause seismic wave energy to converge or diverge. This identification process is targeted, focusing on key areas where topography influences seismic waves, avoiding indiscriminate and complex calculations across the entire region. After identifying these specific geomorphic units, the solution further simulates the propagation paths of seismic waves within the terrain geometric model. During the simulation, the trajectory of seismic waves changes due to the influence of terrain geometry, for example, convergence may occur in areas of raised terrain, while divergence may occur in areas of depressed terrain. By analyzing these propagation path changes, the system can quantify the impact of specific geomorphic units on seismic wave energy—determining whether the terrain amplifies or suppresses seismic wave intensity, and the extent of the impact. Finally, the regional ground motion parameters are corrected based on the determined energy impact. This correction eliminates the need for single, uniform values ​​in seismic parameters, and instead reflects the spatial distribution of local terrain effects. These corrected regional seismic parameters, acting as inputs close to actual surface ground motion intensity, are used in landslide hazard assessments. By incorporating the local effects of terrain on seismic waves, the entire process overcomes the bias inherent in traditional assessment methods that often ignore terrain amplification, thereby improving the reliability of the results.

[0023] As an embodiment of the present invention, the steps of simulating the propagation path of seismic waves in a terrain geometric model for a specific geomorphic unit and determining the degree of influence of the specific geomorphic unit on the energy of the seismic waves based on changes in the propagation path include: Identify local areas in the terrain geometry model that have complex geomorphic features and underlying medium inhomogeneities; Obtaining propagation characteristic parameters of seismic waves in a local area; In the process of simulating the propagation path, when the ray enters the local area, the direction of the ray is adjusted according to the propagation characteristic parameters to determine the propagation path; And based on the changes in the propagation path, the degree of influence of specific geomorphic units on the energy of seismic waves is determined.

[0024] Among them, identifying local areas with complex geomorphological features and underlying medium inhomogeneity in the terrain geometric model means analyzing the three-dimensional morphological data of the terrain geometric model, such as geometric indicators such as elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, etc., combined with the underground medium distribution information revealed by geological exploration data or geophysical exploration data, to determine those specific areas with complex terrain and significant changes in underground medium properties (such as wave velocity, density, and attenuation coefficient). This can be achieved by using spatial analysis functions based on geographic information systems (GIS), combining geological layers and geophysical inversion results for overlay analysis, or by using machine learning algorithms to perform pattern recognition on terrain and geological data. Its purpose is to accurately lock in complex areas that have a significant impact on seismic wave propagation so as to carry out targeted and refined simulations. Among them, obtaining the propagation characteristic parameters of seismic waves in a local area means obtaining the physical parameters such as seismic wave propagation velocity, density, Poisson's ratio, attenuation coefficient, etc. of different media types (such as rocks, soils, weathering zones, fault fracture zones, etc.) in the identified local area through geological exploration, geophysical exploration (such as seismic wave velocity testing, resistivity tomography) or laboratory rock mechanics testing. It can be measured in the field using a field wave velocity tester or obtained through indoor acoustic wave testing of drilled cores. Its purpose is to provide an accurate physical basis for the simulation of seismic wave propagation in this complex medium. Among them, adjusting the direction of ray travel according to propagation characteristic parameters means that in the process of seismic wave ray tracing simulation, when the ray enters another medium from one medium, according to the seismic wave propagation characteristic parameters (such as wave velocity) and incident angle of the two media, following Snell's law or its simplified form, the refraction angle of the ray at the interface is calculated, thereby determining the propagation direction of the ray in the new medium. It can be achieved by solving the wave equation based on the finite difference method or the finite element method, or by using a simpler geometric optics principle for calculation. Its purpose is to accurately simulate the refraction, reflection and other phenomena of seismic waves in complex and inhomogeneous media, so that the ray path is more in line with the actual physical propagation laws.

[0025] The solution of this application addresses the difficulty in accurately simulating seismic wave propagation paths in localized areas of the terrain geometry model with complex geomorphic features and underlying inhomogeneous media by refining the process of simulating seismic wave propagation paths within the earthquake landslide hazard assessment method. Specifically, the system first identifies localized areas within the terrain geometry model with complex geomorphic features and underlying inhomogeneous media. This identification process forms the basis for subsequent refined simulations, allowing computing resources to be focused on complex areas with significant impacts on seismic wave propagation, avoiding indiscriminate refined simulations of all geomorphic units and thus improving the efficiency of the overall assessment. Once these localized areas are identified, the system further obtains the propagation characteristic parameters of the seismic waves within these localized areas. These parameters, such as wave velocity and attenuation coefficient, physically characterize the propagation patterns of seismic waves within these areas. Their acquisition provides a physical basis for subsequent simulations of seismic wave propagation within these localized areas, ensuring that the simulation results are more accurate than those in the real world. During the simulation of seismic wave propagation paths, when rays enter these identified localized areas, the system no longer simply refracts them based on the terrain geometry, but instead adjusts the ray's direction based on the obtained propagation characteristic parameters. This adjustment simulates the physical phenomena of refraction and reflection that may occur in seismic waves in complex media, thereby more accurately determining the propagation path of seismic waves. Compared with simplified models that only consider terrain geometry, this method fully considers the impact of medium inhomogeneity on seismic wave propagation, significantly improving the accuracy of the simulation. Ultimately, based on these more precise propagation paths, the system can more accurately calculate the energy convergence or divergence of seismic waves in specific geomorphic units, thereby more accurately assessing the degree of influence of the geomorphic unit on the energy of seismic waves.

[0026] As an embodiment of the present invention, based on the terrain geometry model, the step of identifying specific geomorphic units in the region where energy concentration may occur includes: Sending a detection ray vertically downward from a surface reference point in a terrain geometric model; Determine whether the surface reference point is located on the real terrain based on whether the detection ray intersects with other terrain surfaces in the terrain geometry model; If the surface reference point is not located on the real terrain, the intersection point of the detection ray and the terrain surface is determined as the new surface reference point; Calculate the view width based on the surface reference points on the real terrain; And according to the width of the view area, specific geomorphic units are determined.

[0027] Surface reference points refer to discrete points selected for analysis within the terrain geometry model. These points can be evenly distributed within the assessment area or selected based on specific needs. Their purpose is to serve as reference locations for subsequent viewshed openness calculations. Probe rays are virtual geometric rays emitted vertically downward from a surface reference point. Their purpose is to detect the presence of terrain below the reference point, thereby verifying that the reference point lies on the actual terrain surface. True terrain refers to the ground surface that has been verified or corrected to reflect the actual topographical undulations. This eliminates false or dangling points that may have occurred during data collection or model construction, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent calculations. Viewshed openness is calculated by emitting multiple virtual rays from a surface reference point into the hemisphere above it and counting the ratio of the number of rays not blocked by terrain to the total number of rays emitted. This quantifies the openness of the terrain surrounding that point. Generally speaking, areas with greater viewshed openness have more convex terrain and are more likely to concentrate seismic wave energy. Among them, specific geomorphic units refer to terrain areas with energy convergence potential that are identified based on the results of field of view openness calculations. These areas may include ridges, convex slopes, etc., and their purpose is to serve as the focus of subsequent detailed assessments.

[0028] The solution of this application uses a phased geometric analysis method to identify specific geomorphic units within an area where energy concentration may occur. First, to ensure analysis accuracy, a probe ray is emitted vertically downward from a surface reference point in the terrain geometric model. This step verifies the validity of the surface reference point's position, as the terrain model construction process may contain dangling points or false terrain due to data noise or processing errors. This downward probe determines whether the current reference point is actually located on the terrain surface. If the probe ray intersects other terrain surfaces in the terrain geometric model, this indicates that the current surface reference point may be located on non-real terrain, such as a false top surface formed by data artifacts. In this case, the intersection point of the probe ray and the terrain surface is determined as the new surface reference point, thereby correcting the analysis base point to the actual ground location. This correction mechanism ensures that all subsequent calculations are based on accurate terrain information, avoiding misjudgments due to model errors. Based on this, the viewshed openness is calculated for these surface reference points confirmed to be located on real terrain. Viewshed openness is a geometric metric that quantifies the openness of the terrain around a point by simulating the emission of virtual rays from that point into the surrounding space and counting the proportion of rays unobstructed by terrain. More convex and open areas generally have higher viewshed openness, which is related to the physical property that seismic wave energy tends to concentrate. Therefore, by setting a viewshed openness threshold, areas with large viewshed openness can be identified as specific geomorphic units. These identified specific geomorphic units are potential areas of seismic wave energy concentration. This identification process is closely integrated with the overall earthquake landslide hazard assessment method. The entire assessment process first requires obtaining regional terrain data and constructing a terrain geometric model. Based on this model, this solution uses the viewshed openness calculation described above to efficiently identify specific geomorphic units with potential energy concentration. These units are then used as the focus of seismic wave propagation simulations, avoiding the time-consuming physical simulation of the entire extended area and enabling rapid preliminary identification of potential high-risk areas. This "coarse screening" mechanism enables the assessment work to be carried out quickly and continuously along the line, improving the overall efficiency and pertinence of the assessment, providing accurate input for subsequent fine calculations and seismic parameter corrections, and thus improving the accuracy and stability of earthquake landslide hazard assessments.

[0029] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of correcting regional ground motion parameters according to the degree of energy impact includes: Convert the energy impact degree into a spatial resolution consistent with regional ground motion parameters; For the cells in the region where detailed energy impact levels have been obtained, the regional ground motion parameters are corrected according to the energy impact levels converted to a consistent spatial resolution; For cells in the region that have not obtained detailed energy impact levels, determining the energy impact levels of the cells that have not obtained detailed energy impact levels based on a positional relationship between the cells that have not obtained detailed energy impact levels and the cells that have obtained detailed energy impact levels; and, based on the determined energy impact levels, correcting the regional ground motion parameters of the units for which the detailed energy impact levels are not obtained; The revised regional seismic motion parameters are spatially smoothed to ensure that the revised regional seismic motion parameters are spatially continuous.

[0030] Among them, the degree of energy influence refers to a quantitative indicator of the local convergence or divergence effect of a specific geomorphological unit on the energy of seismic waves, which can be expressed in the form of terrain amplification coefficient, energy density ratio or wave field intensity gain. Regional seismic motion parameters refer to physical quantities used to describe the intensity of seismic motion in a specific area, which can be expressed in the form of peak acceleration, peak velocity, spectral acceleration or seismic intensity. Spatial resolution refers to the minimum unit size or sampling density that can be distinguished in space by data, which can be expressed in the form of grid unit size, pixel size or sampling point spacing. Positional relationship refers to the relative position or distance relationship of different spatial units in the geographic coordinate system, which can be expressed in the form of Euclidean distance, topological proximity or spatial interpolation weight. Spatial smoothing refers to the technology of eliminating local mutations or noise in data through algorithms to make the data present a continuous transition in space. It can be achieved by methods such as moving average, Gaussian filtering or Kriging interpolation.

[0031] The proposed solution, through a series of refined processing steps, ensures that energy impact levels are accurately, completely, and continuously applied to the correction of regional seismic parameters, thereby providing reliable input for subsequent landslide hazard assessments. First, the energy impact levels are converted to a spatial resolution consistent with the regional seismic parameters. This eliminates potential scale differences between different data sources and ensures that the energy impact levels and seismic parameters are precisely matched and superimposed on the same spatial grid. This preprocessing serves as the foundation for subsequent corrections, avoiding correction biases caused by resolution mismatches. Furthermore, for cells in the region for which detailed energy impact levels have been obtained, the regional seismic parameters are directly corrected based on the converted energy impact levels at the consistent spatial resolution. This directly utilizes existing precise information, accurately reflecting the amplification or attenuation effects of local topography on seismic waves. Furthermore, for cells in the region for which detailed energy impact levels have not been obtained, the solution infers and determines their energy impact levels by analyzing their positional relationship with cells for which detailed energy impact levels have been obtained, and then corrects their regional seismic parameters. This processing mechanism effectively fills data gaps, ensures the integrity of seismic parameters across the entire region, and avoids assessment blind spots caused by missing data. Finally, the revised regional seismic parameters are spatially smoothed to eliminate local discontinuities or noise that may be introduced during resolution conversion, data interpolation, or correction. This ensures that the revised seismic parameters exhibit a smooth and reasonable transition in space, avoiding sudden changes that are inconsistent with physical laws. Through this synergistic effect, this solution not only resolves the spatial resolution mismatch between the energy impact level and the regional seismic parameters, but also overcomes the challenge of incomplete regional energy impact level information, while ensuring the spatial continuity of the revised seismic parameters.

[0032] As an embodiment of the present invention, the steps of performing landslide hazard assessment based on the corrected regional earthquake motion parameters include: Along the traffic corridor, multiple assessment units are divided according to the spatial distribution characteristics of the modified regional seismic parameters; For each assessment unit, considering the distribution of the corrected regional seismic motion parameters within the assessment unit, a representative seismic motion parameter of the assessment unit is determined; Calculate the landslide stability state of each assessment unit based on the geotechnical properties and geometry of the assessment unit and the representative ground motion parameters of the assessment unit; The landslide stability states of all assessment units are spatially integrated to generate landslide hazard zoning results that are continuously distributed along the transportation corridor.

[0033] The assessment unit refers to the discrete areas with relatively uniform geological, topographical, or seismic characteristics that are divided along the transportation corridor during the landslide hazard assessment process. This can be achieved using regular grids, irregular polygons, or divisions based on the boundaries of geological units. Its purpose is to discretize the continuous transportation corridor into manageable assessment objects for detailed local analysis. The representative seismic motion parameter refers to a single or a group of seismic motion parameters within the assessment unit that characterize the overall seismic motion level of the unit. It can be determined using statistical methods such as average, weighted average, peak, or specific percentile values. Its purpose is to simplify complex seismic motion distributions and provide a unified input for subsequent stability calculations. The landslide stability state refers to the ability or tendency of the slope of the assessment unit to remain stable under seismic loads. It can be characterized by indicators such as stability coefficient, deformation, or failure mode. Its purpose is to quantify the safety of the slope under earthquake action. Spatial integration refers to connecting the discrete assessment results of each assessment unit and presenting them as a continuous, holistic spatial distribution map through a geographic information system or other spatial analysis technology. This can be achieved through interpolation, aggregation, or thematic map production. Its purpose is to provide macroscopic and continuous hazard distribution information to facilitate engineering decision-making. Among them, the landslide hazard zoning result refers to the regional division map of different hazard levels distributed continuously along the transportation corridor obtained through spatial integration. It can be represented by color coding, symbol marking, or numerical grading. Its purpose is to intuitively display the landslide risk along the line and provide a risk management basis for engineering design, construction, and operation.

[0034] The solution of the present application effectively applies the corrected regional seismic parameters to the landslide hazard assessment of linear projects such as transportation corridors, and generates landslide hazard zoning results that are continuously distributed along the transportation corridor. This is first achieved by dividing multiple assessment units along the transportation corridor according to the spatial distribution characteristics of the corrected regional seismic parameters. This division process takes into account the spatial non-uniformity of the seismic parameters and discretizes the continuous corridor into smaller, manageable assessment units, so as to more accurately reflect the actual situation. By dividing according to the spatial distribution characteristics of the corrected seismic parameters, it is possible to ensure that the seismic parameters within each assessment unit have a certain similarity, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent assessments. On this basis, for each assessment unit, the solution further considers the distribution of the corrected regional seismic parameters within it and determines the representative seismic parameters of the assessment unit. Since the seismic parameters within the assessment unit may still differ, determining a representative parameter can simplify subsequent calculations. At the same time, by considering the internal distribution, the overall seismic level of the unit can be more accurately reflected, thereby improving the reliability of the assessment. Subsequently, the landslide stability status of each assessment unit is calculated based on the unit's representative seismic parameters, combining the rock and soil properties and geometry of each assessment unit. This is the core step in landslide hazard assessment. By comprehensively considering geological conditions, topographic features, and corrected seismic loads, the slope stability coefficient can be calculated, thereby determining its safety under earthquake conditions. This combination ensures the accuracy of the assessment results. Finally, the landslide stability status of all assessment units is spatially integrated to generate a landslide hazard zoning result that is continuously distributed along the transportation corridor. Through spatial integration, the discrete assessment results can be connected to form a holistic, continuous landslide hazard zoning map. This provides comprehensive and intuitive risk information for the design, construction, and maintenance of transportation corridors, thereby improving project safety. This solution is closely integrated with the aforementioned step of correcting regional seismic parameters based on the degree of energy impact, forming a complete earthquake landslide hazard assessment system. The aforementioned steps provide seismic parameters that are corrected for terrain amplification effects and more closely resemble actual surface conditions. This approach, based on these corrected parameters, further refines the assessment process, enabling a refined and continuous landslide hazard assessment tailored to the characteristics of linear projects like transportation corridors. This combination eliminates the need for a uniform regional seismic input and instead fully utilizes the spatially variable nature of the corrected seismic parameters, significantly improving the accuracy and practicality of the assessment results. This approach addresses the challenges of effectively applying the corrected seismic parameters and generating continuous zoning results in seismic landslide hazard assessments for linear projects located in complex terrain.

[0035] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining the representative ground motion parameters of the evaluation unit includes: Obtain distribution information of the corrected regional seismic parameters within the assessment unit; Based on the distribution information, identify the extreme value or high value area of ​​the seismic parameters within the assessment unit; Based on the identified extreme value or high value areas, representative ground motion parameters of the evaluation unit are determined.

[0036] Among them, obtaining the distribution information of the corrected regional seismic motion parameters within the assessment unit refers to obtaining the corrected regional seismic motion parameter values ​​and their spatial position relationships at each position within the assessment unit through spatial interpolation, rasterization or point cloud data. It can be presented in the form of a digital elevation model (DEM) superimposed on a seismic motion intensity raster layer, or three-dimensional point cloud data with seismic motion attribute values. Its purpose is to provide a comprehensive spatial data basis for subsequent seismic motion parameter analysis.

[0037] Among them, identifying the extreme values ​​or high-value areas of the seismic motion parameters within the assessment unit means finding the areas where the seismic motion parameter values ​​within the assessment unit are significantly higher than the average level or reach local peaks through statistical analysis or spatial analysis of the above-mentioned distribution information. This can be achieved by using algorithms such as threshold analysis, local maximum search, or hotspot analysis. Its purpose is to locate the areas within the assessment unit where seismic energy is concentrated or has an important impact on landslides.

[0038] Among them, determining the representative seismic motion parameters of the evaluation unit means selecting a parameter value that can effectively characterize the overall seismic motion response of the evaluation unit based on the characteristics of the identified extreme value or high value area, comprehensively considering its numerical value, range, location and other factors. It can be determined by selecting the average value of the extreme value area or the peak value of the extreme value area. Its purpose is to provide a representative and accurate seismic motion input for subsequent landslide stability calculations.

[0039] The solution of this application addresses the inaccurate selection of representative parameters in traditional methods by conducting a detailed analysis of the seismic parameters within the assessment unit. Specifically, the solution first obtains the distribution information of the corrected regional seismic parameters within the assessment unit. This is because the seismic parameters within the assessment unit are not uniformly distributed but are influenced by various factors such as topography and geology, resulting in spatial variations. Only by mastering this detailed distribution information can a comprehensive data foundation be provided for the subsequent determination of representative seismic parameters. Based on this distribution information, the solution further identifies extreme or high-value regions within the assessment unit. These extreme or high-value regions are often locations where seismic energy is concentrated or amplified, and thus have an impact on landslide occurrence. By identifying these regions, the key characteristics of the seismic parameters within the assessment unit can be captured, avoiding the information loss that may result from simple averaging or random selection. Finally, based on the identified extreme or high-value regions, the representative seismic parameters for the assessment unit are determined. This means that the selection of representative seismic parameters is no longer a simple, generalized numerical value, but is closely related to the distribution characteristics of the seismic parameters within the assessment unit, particularly those extreme or high-value regions that have a significant impact on landslides. This method can reflect the seismic response of the assessment unit, thus providing reliable input for subsequent landslide stability calculations. Compared with the previous scheme that simply uses the average value or center point value of the seismic parameters within the assessment unit as the representative parameter, this scheme deeply analyzes the spatial distribution of the seismic parameters within the assessment unit and focuses on its extreme or high-value areas, so that the determined representative seismic parameters can truly reflect the load or adverse load that the unit may bear under the action of an earthquake. This refined parameter determination method directly improves the accuracy of subsequent landslide stability calculations, thereby making the final generated landslide hazard zoning results reliable, avoiding potential risk judgment bias caused by underestimation of seismic parameters, and thus effectively improving the accuracy and practicality of the entire earthquake landslide hazard assessment method.

[0040] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining the representative ground motion parameter of the evaluation unit based on the identified extreme value or high value area includes: Obtaining spatial distribution information of earthquake motion parameters within the identified extreme value or high value area; The ground motion parameters within the identified extreme value or high value area are weighted based on the spatial distribution information and the distance relationship between the identified extreme value or high value area and the key position within the assessment unit; According to the weighted processing results, the representative seismic parameters of the evaluation unit are obtained.

[0041] The spatial distribution of seismic parameters refers to the values ​​and relative positional relationships of seismic parameters (e.g., peak acceleration, spectral acceleration, etc.) at different spatial points within the identified extreme or high-value regions. This information can be represented using raster data, point cloud data, or contour maps. Key locations within the assessment unit refer to specific points or regions within the assessment unit that significantly impact landslide stability, such as the center of the potential sliding surface, the toe of the slope, the top of the slope, or the location of important engineering structures. These locations can be determined based on engineering geological survey data, numerical simulation results, or empirical judgment. The distance relationship refers to the geometric distance between the identified extreme or high-value regions and the key locations within the assessment unit. This distance relationship can be quantified using Euclidean distance, geodesic distance, or distance based on topological relationships. Weighted processing involves assigning different weights to seismic parameters within the identified extreme or high-value regions according to specific rules, and then performing a comprehensive calculation to obtain a representative value. This can be achieved using various algorithms, such as inverse distance weighting, Gaussian weighting, or weighting based on the range of influence.

[0042] The solution of the present application refines the seismic characteristics of identified extreme or high-value regions by obtaining spatial distribution information of seismic parameters within them. This avoids simply equating local extremely high-value regions with the seismic level of the entire assessment unit, thereby more accurately grasping the overall impact of the extreme or high-value regions. Based on this information, the seismic parameters within the identified extreme or high-value regions are weighted according to the spatial distribution information and the distance relationship between the identified extreme or high-value regions and key locations within the assessment unit. This weighting process is the core of the solution, as it ensures that the impact of the extreme or high-value regions on the assessment unit matches their own importance and proximity to the key locations. For example, if an area with extremely high seismic parameters is small or far from the key locations of the assessment unit, its weight will be reduced; otherwise, its weight will be increased. This process effectively balances the local impact of the extreme or high-value regions with the overall characteristics of the assessment unit, making the resulting representative seismic parameters more reasonable and representative. Ultimately, based on the weighted processing results, the representative seismic parameters of the assessment unit are obtained, which comprehensively reflects the advantages of the aforementioned weighting process. As a refined step in the earthquake landslide hazard assessment method, this scheme is closely integrated with the steps of dividing the assessment unit, considering the characteristics and geometric form of the rock and soil mass, and calculating the stability state of the landslide. By providing more accurate representative seismic motion parameters of the assessment unit, it provides more reliable seismic motion input for the subsequent landslide stability assessment. This enables the entire assessment method to more accurately reflect the local amplification effect of seismic waves under complex terrain, thereby correcting the regional seismic motion parameters and conducting landslide hazard assessment based on the corrected regional seismic motion parameters, and finally generating landslide hazard zoning results that are continuously distributed along the traffic corridor. This refined parameter determination method enables the entire assessment process to show higher accuracy in capturing local high-risk areas and avoids assessment bias caused by insufficient representativeness of seismic motion parameters.

[0043] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the landslide stability state of the evaluation unit includes: Constructing a discrete model of the assessment unit; The numerical simulation method is used to simulate the stress field and deformation under seismic load based on discrete models; The stability state of the evaluation unit is determined based on the stress field and deformation.

[0044] Among them, constructing a discrete model of the evaluation unit means decomposing the continuum structure of the evaluation unit into a finite number of interconnected discrete units or node sets. It can be achieved by using meshing techniques in numerical analysis methods such as the finite element method, discrete element method or finite difference method. Its purpose is to provide a fine geometric and physical model basis for subsequent numerical simulations to accurately describe the complex structure and material distribution of the slope.

[0045] Among them, the use of numerical simulation methods refers to the use of computer programs and algorithms to approximate calculations and simulations of actual physical processes based on mathematical physics equations. It can be achieved using tools such as finite element analysis software, discrete element analysis software, or fluid-solid coupling analysis software. Its purpose is to overcome the limitations of traditional analytical methods in dealing with complex boundary conditions and nonlinear problems, so as to simulate the mechanical response of the slope under complex loads.

[0046] Among them, simulating the stress field and deformation under the action of seismic loads refers to applying simulated seismic motion input on a discrete model, calculating and analyzing the stress distribution state of each point inside the slope, as well as the displacement and strain of the overall and local areas. It can be achieved by using technologies such as dynamic finite element analysis, dynamic discrete element analysis or time-domain finite difference simulation. Its purpose is to reveal the mechanical behavior inside the slope under earthquake action and provide data for stability judgment.

[0047] Among them, judging the stability state of the assessment unit refers to evaluating whether the slope is in a stable state or has potential instability risks based on the stress field and deformation results obtained by simulation. It can be determined by comparing indicators such as stress, strain, displacement or energy with the material strength criteria. Its purpose is to provide the final judgment basis for landslide hazard assessment.

[0048] The solution of this application lays the foundation for subsequent analysis by constructing a discrete model of the evaluation unit. It is precisely because the evaluation unit is decomposed into smaller, interacting discrete units that the complex structure, material heterogeneity and potential structural surfaces inside the slope can be truly described. On this basis, a numerical simulation method is adopted to simulate the stress field and deformation under seismic loads based on the discrete model. This simulation method can take into account the propagation characteristics of seismic waves, the complex stress state inside the slope and nonlinear mechanical behavior, thereby truly reflecting the mechanical response of the slope under seismic loads. Through the stress field and deformation data obtained by simulation, we can gain an in-depth understanding of the stress distribution, deformation pattern and potential sliding surface position inside the slope. Finally, the stability state of the evaluation unit is judged based on the stress field and deformation. This judgment method can comprehensively consider the mechanical behavior of the slope, identify weak areas, and combine the strength parameters of the rock and soil to obtain more reliable stability assessment results. This method of calculating the landslide stability status of assessment units, combined with an overall assessment process that divides assessment units along transportation corridors, determines representative seismic motion parameters, and spatially integrates the landslide stability status of all assessment units, enables the entire earthquake landslide hazard assessment method to move from macroscopic regional seismic motion corrections to microscopic slope unit stability calculations. This calculation ensures that the resulting landslide hazard zoning results, which are continuously distributed along transportation corridors, accurately reflect the actual slope hazard, avoiding misjudgments caused by simplified calculations in traditional methods, thereby improving the reliability and practicality of the entire assessment method.

[0049] As an embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining the stability state of the evaluation unit includes: Calculate the stability coefficient of the evaluation unit based on the stress field and deformation; And based on the stability coefficient, the stability status of the evaluation unit is judged.

[0050] The stability coefficient is a numerical indicator that quantifies the ability of an assessment unit to resist instability under seismic loads. It can be calculated using a variety of calculation methods. For example, based on limit equilibrium theory, the safety factor can be calculated by calculating the ratio of the anti-sliding force to the sliding force. Alternatively, the strength reduction method can be used to gradually reduce the strength parameters of the rock mass until instability occurs, resulting in the strength reduction coefficient. Alternatively, the energy method can be used to calculate the ratio of the system's energy dissipation to the input energy under seismic loads. Its purpose is to transform complex stress fields and deformation information into a unified, comparable value, thereby providing an objective basis for the stability of the assessment unit. Determining the stability status of an assessment unit involves determining whether the unit is currently stable, unstable, or unstable based on the calculated stability coefficient. This can be achieved using preset threshold comparison methods, grading standard comparison methods, or risk matrix analysis. The goal is to transform the quantitative stability coefficient into a clear engineering judgment to guide subsequent risk management and protective measure design.

[0051] The solution of this application transforms complex stress field and deformation information into a unified numerical index, thereby enabling an objective assessment of the stability state of an assessment unit. Simulated earthquake loads generate complex stress distributions and deformation patterns within the assessment unit. While this information reflects the unit's stress response, direct interpretation often relies on empirical or qualitative analysis, making it difficult to formulate a unified quantitative standard. This solution first calculates the stability coefficient of the assessment unit based on the stress field and deformation data obtained through numerical simulation. This stability coefficient does not simply reflect a local characteristic but comprehensively considers the overall stress state, deformation degree, and mechanical properties of the assessment unit. For example, it can be calculated by ratioing the anti-sliding force to the sliding force based on the limit equilibrium principle, or by using a strength reduction method to determine the coefficient at which the rock mass strength is reduced to instability. This quantification process integrates the previously dispersed stress and deformation information into a single, physically meaningful value that comprehensively reflects the overall stability level of the assessment unit. The calculated stability coefficient is then compared with a preset stability threshold to clearly determine whether the assessment unit is stable, unstable, or unstable. This judgment method avoids subjective assumptions and ensures the objectivity and repeatability of the evaluation results.

[0052] Furthermore, the judgment mechanism of this scheme is closely integrated with the entire earthquake landslide hazard assessment method. After constructing a discrete model of the assessment unit and simulating the stress field and deformation under the action of earthquake loads, this scheme provides an accurate basis for stability judgment. This makes it possible to obtain more reliable single-unit assessment results when dividing multiple assessment units along the traffic corridor and combining their rock and soil properties and geometric forms to calculate the landslide stability state. Ultimately, these accurate single-unit assessment results can be spatially integrated to generate landslide hazard zoning results that are continuously distributed along the traffic corridor, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the entire assessment method and providing a solid foundation for seismic safety assurance of linear engineering.

[0053] like Figure 2 A system for assessing earthquake landslide risk is shown, the system comprising: The model building module 201 is used to obtain regional terrain data and build a terrain geometric model based on the regional terrain data; A landform recognition module 202 is used to identify specific landform units with energy concentration in the area based on the terrain geometry model; The impact determination module 203 is used to simulate the propagation path of the seismic wave in the terrain geometric model for a specific geomorphic unit, and determine the degree of influence of the specific geomorphic unit on the energy of the seismic wave based on the change of the propagation path; The evaluation module 204 is configured to modify the regional earthquake parameters according to the energy impact degree, and perform landslide hazard assessment based on the modified regional earthquake parameters.

[0054] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only describe the principles of the present invention. Various changes and improvements are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A method for assessing earthquake landslide hazard, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Acquiring regional terrain data, and constructing a terrain geometric model based on the regional terrain data; Based on the terrain geometry model, identifying specific geomorphic units in the region where energy may be concentrated; For the specific geomorphic unit, simulate the propagation path of the seismic wave in the terrain geometric model, and determine the degree of influence of the specific geomorphic unit on the energy of the seismic wave based on the change of the propagation path; According to the energy impact degree, the regional seismic parameters are corrected, and the landslide hazard assessment is performed based on the corrected regional seismic parameters.

2. The earthquake landslide hazard assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of simulating the propagation path of the seismic wave in the terrain geometric model for the specific geomorphic unit and determining the degree of influence of the specific geomorphic unit on the energy of the seismic wave according to the change of the propagation path includes: identifying a local region in the terrain geometric model having composite landform features and underlying medium inhomogeneity; Obtaining propagation characteristic parameters of seismic waves in the local area; During the simulation of the propagation path, when the ray enters the local area, the direction of travel of the ray is adjusted according to the propagation characteristic parameter to determine the propagation path; And according to the change of the propagation path, the degree of influence of the specific landform unit on the energy of the seismic wave is determined.

3. The earthquake landslide hazard assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of identifying specific geomorphic units in an area where energy may converge based on the terrain geometric model includes: emitting a detection ray vertically downward from a surface reference point in the terrain geometric model; determining whether the surface reference point is located on the real terrain according to whether the detection ray intersects with other terrain surfaces in the terrain geometric model; If the surface reference point is not located on the real terrain, determining the intersection point of the detection ray and the terrain surface as a new surface reference point; Calculate the view width based on the surface reference points on the real terrain; And according to the width of the visual field, the specific geomorphic unit is determined.

4. The earthquake landslide hazard assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of correcting regional ground motion parameters according to the energy impact degree includes: Converting the energy impact degree into a spatial resolution consistent with the regional ground motion parameters; For cells in a region for which detailed energy impact levels have been obtained, the regional ground motion parameters are corrected according to the energy impact levels converted to a consistent spatial resolution; For a unit in the region for which a detailed energy impact level has not been obtained, determining the energy impact level of the unit for which a detailed energy impact level has not been obtained according to a positional relationship between the unit for which a detailed energy impact level has not been obtained and the unit for which a detailed energy impact level has been obtained; and, based on the determined energy impact degree, correcting the regional seismic parameters of the unit for which the detailed energy impact degree is not obtained; The revised regional seismic motion parameters are spatially smoothed to ensure that the revised regional seismic motion parameters are spatially continuous.

5. The earthquake landslide hazard assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of performing landslide hazard assessment based on the modified regional ground motion parameters include: Along the traffic corridor, multiple assessment units are divided according to the spatial distribution characteristics of the modified regional seismic parameters; For each of the evaluation units, considering the distribution of the corrected regional seismic parameters within the evaluation unit, determining a representative seismic parameter of the evaluation unit; Calculating the landslide stability state of each assessment unit based on the representative ground motion parameters of the assessment unit in combination with the geotechnical properties and geometrical morphology of the assessment unit; The landslide stability states of all the assessment units are spatially integrated to generate a landslide hazard zoning result that is continuously distributed along the traffic corridor.

6. The earthquake landslide hazard assessment method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steps for determining the representative ground motion parameters of the evaluation unit include: Obtaining distribution information of the corrected regional seismic parameters within the evaluation unit; identifying, based on the distribution information, extreme values ​​or high-value regions of earthquake parameters within the evaluation unit; Based on the identified extreme value or high value area, a representative ground motion parameter of the evaluation unit is determined.

7. The earthquake landslide hazard assessment method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of determining the representative seismic parameters of the evaluation unit based on the identified extreme value or high value area includes: Obtaining spatial distribution information of earthquake motion parameters within the identified extreme value or high value area; performing weighted processing on the seismic parameters within the identified extreme value or high value area according to the spatial distribution information and the distance relationship between the identified extreme value or high value area and the key position within the evaluation unit; According to the weighted processing result, the representative seismic parameters of the evaluation unit are obtained.

8. The earthquake landslide hazard assessment method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of calculating the landslide stability state of the evaluation unit comprises: constructing a discrete model of the evaluation unit; Using numerical simulation methods, based on the discrete model, to simulate stress fields and deformations under earthquake loads; The stability state of the evaluation unit is determined based on the stress field and the deformation.

9. The earthquake landslide hazard assessment method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of determining the stability state of the evaluation unit comprises: Calculating a stability coefficient of the evaluation unit based on the stress field and the deformation; And according to the stability coefficient, the stability state of the evaluation unit is judged.

10. An earthquake landslide hazard assessment system, characterized in that: The system includes: A model building module, configured to obtain regional terrain data and build a terrain geometric model based on the regional terrain data; A landform recognition module, configured to identify specific landform units with energy concentration in the region based on the terrain geometric model; an impact determination module, configured to simulate, for the specific geomorphic unit, a propagation path of a seismic wave in the terrain geometric model, and determine, based on changes in the propagation path, a degree of influence of the specific geomorphic unit on the energy of the seismic wave; An assessment module is used to correct regional earthquake parameters according to the energy impact degree, and perform landslide hazard assessment based on the corrected regional earthquake parameters.

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