Full-watershed hydropower centralized control operation simulation system and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a whole-watershed hydropower centralized control operation simulation system and a construction method thereof, relates to the technical field of hydropower energy management and simulation, and provides a whole-watershed hydropower centralized control simulation model for overcoming the defects of the current centralized control simulation technology. And integration of a unit model, an auxiliary system model, a control protection device model and watershed hydrological information is comprehensively considered. And through accurate modeling and dynamic simulation, the dynamic interaction relationship and the overall operation characteristics of the hydropower station in the whole drainage basin can be comprehensively reflected. According to the full-drainage-basin simulation method, the accuracy and comprehensiveness of simulation are improved, and a more scientific and effective means is provided for optimal scheduling, fault prediction and emergency processing of the hydropower station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydropower energy management and simulation technology, and in particular to a basin-wide hydropower centralized control operation simulation system and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a key component of renewable energy, hydropower occupies a crucial position in the energy mix. With the expansion and clustering of hydropower stations, hydropower centralized control simulation technology has emerged. Its significance lies in simulating hydropower station operations and providing a scientific basis for their safe, economical, and efficient operation. Through simulation, hydropower station performance can be predicted and evaluated, operational strategies can be optimized, energy efficiency can be improved, the likelihood of failures can be reduced, and the long-term stable operation of hydropower stations can be ensured.

[0003] However, current centralized control simulation technologies are mostly limited to simulating a single hydropower station or a local system. For example, some simulation models focus solely on establishing a power grid model and performing flow and short-circuit calculations, while neglecting the establishment of unit models, auxiliary system models, and control and protection device models. While this local simulation approach can reflect certain operational characteristics of a hydropower station to a certain extent, it lacks comprehensiveness and cannot accurately reflect the dynamic interactions and overall operational characteristics of hydropower stations across an entire river basin. Furthermore, insufficient consideration is often given to the hydrological information within the river basin, resulting in significant discrepancies between simulation results and actual operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a hydropower centralized control operation simulation system for the entire river basin and a construction method thereof; a hydropower centralized control operation simulation model for the entire river basin is constructed, and through the integration of multiple simulation modules, a comprehensive and accurate simulation of the hydropower station operation process is achieved.

[0005] On the one hand, a hydropower centralized control operation simulation system for the entire river basin includes: a power grid model simulation module, a unit model simulation module, an auxiliary system model simulation module, a control and protection model simulation module, and a water regulation system model simulation module;

[0006] The power grid model simulation module: By establishing a power grid model, it performs power system analysis operations, including power flow calculation, short circuit calculation, fault calculation, relay protection and automatic device action simulation, and simulates the dynamic interaction between the power system and the power station, and reflects the operating characteristics of the power system under various working conditions and the dynamic changes of equipment operating parameters;

[0007] The unit model simulation module: establishes a unit model, and performs real-time dynamic simulation by establishing the dynamic relationship between the turbine and the generator based on the turbine's operating characteristic curve, to ensure that the unit's operating characteristics and laws under various operating conditions are consistent with reality;

[0008] The auxiliary system model simulation module: performs fault and accident simulation based on the physical principles of oil, water, and gas auxiliary equipment, simulating the phenomena, processing processes, and impacts on associated equipment;

[0009] The control and protection model simulation module: by establishing a fixed value drive model and a control loop model of the relay protection device, it simulates the starting conditions and action logic of the protection device and the safety automatic device when the equipment fails, as well as the impact of the protection device and the safety automatic device on the equipment;

[0010] The water regulation system model simulation module: models the operating parameters of reservoirs, dams, and flood discharge facilities, and simulates the changes in water level and flow in front of the dams of upstream and downstream power stations in real time and dynamically;

[0011] The power grid model described in the power grid model simulation module includes a load model, a transformer model, a power line model and a plant model; wherein the load model is used to describe the changing characteristics of the load in the power system, including a static load model and a dynamic load model, and the transformer model is used to describe the dynamic characteristics and steady-state characteristics of the transformer; the power line model is used to describe the transmission characteristics of the power line, as well as the voltage and current distribution on the line; the plant model includes a simulation model of the power facility, reflecting the internal equipment, wiring method and operation strategy of the power facility.

[0012] The power grid model simulation module is implemented through a simulation calculation algorithm, specifically including:

[0013] Power flow calculation algorithm: Based on node voltage and power balance equations, the Newton-Raphson method and fast decoupling method are used to calculate the power flow distribution of the power system;

[0014] Short-circuit calculation algorithm: used to calculate the voltage, current, and power distribution of the power system under fault conditions. It applies the symmetrical component method and the phase component method to analyze the impact of asymmetrical and symmetrical faults, and considers the location and type of the fault point as well as the system structure to calculate the short-circuit current.

[0015] Fault calculation algorithm: Analyze power system faults using node admittance matrix and multi-port network theory, taking into account fault propagation, impact range, and effectiveness of protection measures for fault calculation and assessment;

[0016] Relay protection and automatic device action simulation algorithm: Based on the fault type and location of the power system, the action behavior of the relay protection device is simulated. The setting value, action time and coordination with other protection devices are considered for simulation analysis to evaluate the performance and reliability of the protection device.

[0017] The unit model described in the unit model simulation module includes a turbine model and a generator model; the turbine model is used to process turbine characteristic curve data, and calculates the output power and efficiency of the turbine in real time according to the working conditions during the simulation process; the turbine model also establishes a dynamic mathematical model based on the physical parameters and control strategy of the turbine, and the dynamic mathematical model simulates the operation of the turbine under different loads and speeds, and outputs corresponding physical quantities; the generator model establishes a mathematical model based on the electromagnetic transient and mechanical transient processes of the synchronous generator, and the mathematical model includes the stator voltage equation, rotor voltage equation, and motion equation of the generator, and takes into account the electromagnetic transient processes of the stator winding and rotor winding; the generator model also establishes dynamic relationships based on the mathematical model, including electrical relationships and mechanical relationships, simulates the operation of the generator under different working conditions, and outputs corresponding physical quantities;

[0018] The turbine model and the generator model achieve dynamic interaction through mechanical and electrical connections to jointly simulate the power generation process of the hydropower station; the generator model receives the speed and power input from the turbine model as important parameters for the generator operation, thereby realizing collaborative simulation between the turbine and the generator.

[0019] The auxiliary system model simulation module establishes mathematical models for the oil system, water system and gas system respectively, specifically including an oil system model, a water system model and a gas system model;

[0020] The oil system model includes mathematical models of the oil pump, oil tank, oil pipe, and oil cooler equipment, simulating oil flow, pressure changes, and temperature control, and considering the impact of oil viscosity, density, and fluidity physical properties on system performance;

[0021] The water system model includes mathematical models of water pumps, water tanks, water pipes, and water cooler equipment, simulating the physical processes of water flow, pressure distribution, and temperature regulation, and taking into account the impact of water flow, pressure, and temperature parameters on system performance;

[0022] The gas system model includes mathematical models of the gas pump, gas tank, gas pipe, and gas pressure regulator. It simulates the physical processes of gas compression, storage, and transportation, and considers the impact of gas pressure, temperature, and flow parameters on system performance.

[0023] The auxiliary system model simulation module is implemented based on the fault and accident simulation algorithm, and specifically includes:

[0024] Fault injection algorithms: These simulate various faults in oil, water, and gas systems, including equipment failures, pipeline leaks, and pressure anomalies. They also simulate the occurrence of faults by changing system parameters or introducing additional physical processes.

[0025] Accident Propagation Algorithm: This algorithm simulates the propagation of faults in the system, including fault diffusion and chain reactions, and considers the impact of faults on the system as well as the system's response and recovery process to faults.

[0026] Phenomenon simulation algorithm: simulates the physical phenomena generated according to the type and severity of the fault, including pressure fluctuations, temperature anomalies, and vibrations, and uses physical models and numerical methods to simulate the changing process of the physical phenomena.

[0027] The control and protection model simulation module includes a fixed value drive model and a control loop model;

[0028] The fixed value driving model performs fixed value management through a fixed value logic library; sets the fixed value item setting experience value as the fixed value threshold according to the protected voltage level and protection type, and triggers the system threshold warning during the setting process;

[0029] The fixed value logic library contains conversion formulas and verification rules for different protection types, which can convert the different protection types covered into a unified protection form;

[0030] The fixed value driving model is implemented based on the fixed value verification algorithm; specifically, the conversion formula and verification rules in the fixed value logic library are used to verify the protection fixed value;

[0031] The control loop model includes control loop design, fault signal simulation and action logic judgment; specifically:

[0032] The control circuit design simulates the control circuit of the protection device and the safety automatic device, reflecting the action logic of the protection device after receiving the fault signal;

[0033] Fault signal simulation simulates the fault signal generated when the equipment fails, including changes in electrical quantities such as current and voltage, and the simulation results are as close to the actual fault situation as possible;

[0034] Action logic judgment: Based on the control loop design and fault signal simulation results, it is determined whether the action logic of the protection device is correct, including the starting conditions, action sequence and action time of the protection device;

[0035] The water regulation system model simulation module includes a water regulation system model, specifically including a reservoir and dam model, a flood discharge facility model, and a basin power station model;

[0036] The reservoir and dam models are modeled and rendered in high-precision three-dimensional form using modeling software and WebGL technology, while dynamically adjustable operating parameters are set to reflect the actual operating status of the reservoir and dam;

[0037] The flood discharge facility model performs structural modeling on the flood discharge facility and simulates the flow characteristics and impacts during the flood discharge process;

[0038] The watershed power station model models the layout and structure of the upstream and downstream power stations in the watershed, and simulates the changes in water level and flow in front of the dam in real time.

[0039] On the other hand, a method for constructing a hydropower centralized control operation simulation system for the entire river basin is provided, which is used to construct the aforementioned hydropower centralized control operation simulation system for the entire river basin, and includes the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Integrate the grid model with the unit model;

[0041] Step 2: Integrate the auxiliary system model into the grid model and unit model to verify the interaction logic and fault response capabilities of the auxiliary system model in actual operation;

[0042] Step 3: Introduce the control and protection model simulation module to implement closed-loop control of the system and verify the effectiveness and reliability of the control and protection strategy; the control and protection strategy is the fixed value drive model and the specific parameters in the control loop model;

[0043] Step 4: Fully integrate the water regulation system model with the power grid model, unit model, auxiliary system model, and control and protection model to achieve basin-level simulation and scheduling, verify the impact of water regulation strategies on power grid and unit operations, and the flood scheduling effect.

[0044] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are:

[0045] The present invention provides a basin-wide hydropower centralized control operation simulation system and a construction method thereof, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0046] 1. Improve simulation accuracy and reliability:

[0047] By constructing multiple refined simulation modules (such as power grid model, unit model, auxiliary system model, control and protection model, and water regulation system model), the model can more accurately simulate various operating conditions and details of the hydropower station, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the simulation.

[0048] 2. Enhance system optimization capabilities:

[0049] The simulation system can simulate the system operation under different scheduling strategies, help operators evaluate and optimize scheduling plans, and improve the operating efficiency and economic benefits of hydropower stations.

[0050] 3. Improve fault response capabilities:

[0051] Through the simulation of auxiliary system models and control and protection models, the system response under various fault scenarios can be simulated, helping operators to become familiar with the fault handling process and improve their ability to deal with emergencies.

[0052] 4. Reduce training and operation and maintenance costs:

[0053] The simulation system allows for training and drills in a virtual environment, reducing the risks and costs of actual operations. Simulation models can also be used for system maintenance and troubleshooting, reducing operational costs.

[0054] 5. Promote technological innovation and development:

[0055] The construction and application of this simulation system have promoted technological innovation and development in the field of hydropower centralized control, and provided new ideas and tools for research and application in related fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the hydropower centralized control operation simulation system during the implementation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0058] On the one hand, a basin-wide hydropower centralized control operation simulation system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: power grid model simulation module, unit model simulation module, auxiliary system model simulation module, control and protection model simulation module and water regulation system model simulation module;

[0059] The power grid model simulation module: By establishing a power grid model, it performs power system analysis operations, including power flow calculation, short circuit calculation, fault calculation, relay protection and automatic device action simulation, and simulates the dynamic interaction between the power system and the power station, and reflects the operating characteristics of the power system under various working conditions and the dynamic changes of equipment operating parameters;

[0060] The unit model simulation module: establishes a unit model, and performs real-time dynamic simulation by establishing the dynamic relationship between the turbine and the generator based on the turbine's operating characteristic curve, to ensure that the unit's operating characteristics and laws under various operating conditions are consistent with reality;

[0061] The auxiliary system model simulation module: performs fault and accident simulation based on the physical principles of oil, water, and gas auxiliary equipment, simulating the phenomena, processing processes, and impacts on associated equipment;

[0062] The control and protection model simulation module: by establishing a fixed value drive model and a control loop model of the relay protection device, it simulates the starting conditions and action logic of the protection device and the safety automatic device when the equipment fails, as well as the impact of the protection device and the safety automatic device on the equipment;

[0063] The water regulation system model simulation module: models the operating parameters of reservoirs, dams, and flood discharge facilities, and simulates the changes in water level and flow in front of the dams of upstream and downstream power stations in real time and dynamically;

[0064] The power grid model described in the power grid model simulation module includes a load model, a transformer model, a power line model and a plant model; wherein the load model is used to describe the changing characteristics of the load in the power system, including a static load model and a dynamic load model to reflect the load demand under different working conditions; the transformer model is used to describe the dynamic characteristics and steady-state characteristics of the transformer, including characteristics such as voltage conversion, current transmission and loss; the power line model is used to describe the transmission characteristics of the power line, including parameters such as resistance, inductance, capacitance, and the voltage and current distribution on the line; the plant model includes simulation models of power facilities, including power plants, substations, etc., reflecting their internal equipment, wiring methods and operation strategies.

[0065] The power grid model simulation module is implemented through a simulation calculation algorithm, specifically including:

[0066] Power flow calculation algorithm: Based on node voltage and power balance equations, the Newton-Raphson method and fast decoupling method are used to calculate the power flow distribution of the power system, ensuring calculation speed and accuracy;

[0067] Short-circuit calculation algorithm: used to calculate the voltage, current, and power distribution of the power system under fault conditions. It applies the symmetrical component method and the phase component method to analyze the impact of asymmetrical and symmetrical faults, and considers the location and type of the fault point as well as the system structure to calculate the short-circuit current.

[0068] Fault calculation algorithm: Analyze power system faults using node admittance matrix and multi-port network theory, taking into account fault propagation, impact range, and effectiveness of protection measures for fault calculation and assessment;

[0069] Relay protection and automatic device action simulation algorithm: Based on the fault type and location of the power system, the action behavior of the relay protection device is simulated. The setting value, action time and coordination with other protection devices are considered for simulation analysis to evaluate the performance and reliability of the protection device.

[0070] In summary, the power grid model simulation module in this embodiment achieves comprehensive simulation and analysis of the power system by constructing refined load models, transformer models, power line models, and plant models, and integrating multiple advanced simulation algorithms. This module not only improves simulation accuracy and efficiency but also provides strong support for power system scheduling, optimization, and safe and stable operation.

[0071] The unit model in the unit model simulation module includes a turbine model and a generator model; the turbine model is used to process turbine characteristic curve data and calculate the turbine output power and efficiency in real time according to the operating conditions during the simulation process; the turbine model also establishes a dynamic mathematical model based on the physical parameters and control strategy of the turbine. The dynamic mathematical model simulates the operation of the turbine under different loads and speeds and outputs corresponding physical quantities, such as speed and power.

[0072] The generator model establishes a mathematical model based on the electromagnetic transient and mechanical transient processes of the synchronous generator. The mathematical model includes the generator's stator voltage equation, rotor voltage equation, and motion equation, and takes into account the electromagnetic transient processes of the stator winding and rotor winding. The generator model also establishes dynamic relationships based on the mathematical model, including electrical and mechanical relationships, to simulate the operation of the generator under different working conditions and output corresponding physical quantities, including voltage, current, power, and power factor. The turbine model and the generator model achieve dynamic interaction through mechanical connection (shaft system) and electrical connection (generator input power matches turbine output power), jointly simulating the power generation process of the hydropower station. The generator model receives the speed and power input from the turbine model as important parameters for generator operation, realizing collaborative simulation between the turbine and the generator.

[0073] The unit model simulation module is a key component of the basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation simulation system. Based on the turbine's operating characteristic curves and the generator's mathematical model, it accurately simulates the dynamic behavior of the hydropower station's core generating equipment—the turbine and generator. This module achieves this function through two main submodules: the turbine model and the generator model. In summary, the unit model simulation module, through its detailed turbine and generator models, enables comprehensive simulation of the hydropower station's core generating equipment. This module not only improves simulation accuracy but also provides a powerful tool for hydropower station operation optimization, fault diagnosis, and performance evaluation.

[0074] The auxiliary system model simulation module establishes mathematical models for the oil system, water system and gas system respectively, specifically including an oil system model, a water system model and a gas system model;

[0075] The oil system model includes mathematical models of the oil pump, oil tank, oil pipe, and oil cooler equipment, simulating oil flow, pressure changes, and temperature control, and considering the impact of oil viscosity, density, and fluidity physical properties on system performance;

[0076] The water system model includes mathematical models of water pumps, water tanks, water pipes, and water cooler equipment, simulating the physical processes of water flow, pressure distribution, and temperature regulation, and taking into account the impact of water flow, pressure, and temperature parameters on system performance;

[0077] The gas system model includes mathematical models of the gas pump, gas tank, gas pipe, and gas pressure regulator. It simulates the physical processes of gas compression, storage, and transportation, and considers the impact of gas pressure, temperature, and flow parameters on system performance.

[0078] The auxiliary system model simulation module is implemented based on the fault and accident simulation algorithm, and specifically includes:

[0079] Fault injection algorithms: These simulate various faults in oil, water, and gas systems, including equipment failures, pipeline leaks, and pressure anomalies. They also simulate the occurrence of faults by changing system parameters or introducing additional physical processes.

[0080] Accident Propagation Algorithm: This algorithm simulates the propagation of faults in the system, including fault diffusion and chain reactions, and considers the impact of faults on the system as well as the system's response and recovery process to faults.

[0081] Phenomenon simulation algorithm: simulates the physical phenomena generated according to the type and severity of the fault, including pressure fluctuations, temperature anomalies, and vibrations, and uses physical models and numerical methods to simulate the changing process of the physical phenomena.

[0082] The auxiliary system model simulation module is a key component of the basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation simulation system. It establishes detailed mathematical models for the hydropower station's oil, water, and gas systems and integrates fault and accident simulation algorithms to enable comprehensive simulation and analysis of auxiliary systems. It also integrates fault injection, accident propagation, and phenomenon simulation algorithms to simulate and analyze various possible faults and accidents in the auxiliary systems.

[0083] In summary, the auxiliary system model simulation module enables comprehensive simulation and analysis of hydropower station auxiliary systems through sophisticated mathematical models and advanced simulation algorithms. This module not only improves simulation accuracy and reliability but also provides strong support for hydropower station operation optimization, fault diagnosis, and performance evaluation.

[0084] The control and protection model simulation module includes a fixed value drive model and a control loop model;

[0085] The fixed value driving model performs fixed value management through a fixed value logic library; sets the fixed value item setting experience value as the fixed value threshold according to the protected voltage level and protection type, and triggers the system threshold warning during the setting process;

[0086] The fixed value logic library contains conversion formulas and verification rules for different protection types, which can convert the different protection types covered into a unified protection form;

[0087] The fixed value driving model is implemented based on a fixed value verification algorithm; specifically, the conversion formula and verification rules in the fixed value logic library are used to verify the protection fixed value to reflect whether the protection fixed value meets the protection requirements when the equipment fails.

[0088] The control loop model includes control loop design, fault signal simulation and action logic judgment; specifically:

[0089] The control circuit design simulates the control circuit of the protection device and the safety automatic device, reflecting the action logic of the protection device after receiving the fault signal;

[0090] Fault signal simulation simulates the fault signal generated when the equipment fails, including changes in electrical quantities such as current and voltage, and the simulation results are as close to the actual fault situation as possible;

[0091] Action logic judgment: Based on the control loop design and fault signal simulation results, it is determined whether the action logic of the protection device is correct, including the starting conditions, action sequence and action time of the protection device;

[0092] The control and protection model simulation module is a core component of the basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation simulation system. By establishing fixed-value drive models and control loop models for relay protection devices, it accurately simulates the activation conditions, action logic, and impact of protection and safety automatic devices during equipment failures. This module is designed to improve the operational safety and reliability of hydropower stations, ensuring that protection mechanisms can be activated quickly and accurately in the event of a fault, minimizing equipment damage and power outages. In summary, the control and protection model simulation module, through the precise modeling of fixed-value drive models and control loop models, enables comprehensive simulation and analysis of hydropower station protection and safety automatic devices under fault conditions. This module not only improves simulation accuracy and reliability but also provides strong support for hydropower station operation optimization, fault diagnosis, and performance evaluation.

[0093] The water regulation system model simulation module includes a water regulation system model, specifically including a reservoir and dam model, a flood discharge facility model, and a basin power station model;

[0094] The reservoir and dam models are modeled and rendered in high-precision three-dimensional form using modeling software and WebGL technology, while dynamically adjustable operating parameters are set to reflect the actual operating status of the reservoir and dam;

[0095] The flood discharge facility model performs structural modeling on the flood discharge facility and simulates the flow characteristics and impacts during the flood discharge process;

[0096] The watershed power station model models the layout and structure of the upstream and downstream power stations in the watershed, and simulates the changes in water level and flow in front of the dam in real time.

[0097] The water regulation system model simulation module is a key component of the basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation simulation system. By accurately modeling reservoirs, dams, flood discharge facilities, and basin-wide power stations, it enables dynamic management and optimized scheduling of water resources in the hydropower system. This module aims to improve the operational efficiency of hydropower stations, ensure the rational use of water resources, and guarantee their safe and stable operation. In summary, the water regulation system model simulation module achieves dynamic management and optimized scheduling of water resources at hydropower stations through high-precision three-dimensional modeling, dynamically adjusted operating parameters, and real-time simulation of water flow characteristics. This module not only improves the operational efficiency of hydropower stations but also ensures their safe and stable operation, providing strong technical support for basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation.

[0098] On the other hand, a method for constructing a hydropower centralized control operation simulation system for the entire river basin is provided, which is used to construct the aforementioned hydropower centralized control operation simulation system for the entire river basin, and includes the following steps:

[0099] Step 1: Integrate the grid model with the unit model to ensure the accuracy of data exchange and synchronization.

[0100] Step 2: Integrate the auxiliary system model into the grid model and unit model to verify the interaction logic and fault response capabilities of the auxiliary system model in actual operation;

[0101] Step 3: Introduce the control and protection model simulation module to implement closed-loop control of the system and verify the effectiveness and reliability of the control and protection strategy; the control and protection strategy is the fixed value drive model and the specific parameters in the control loop model;

[0102] Step 4: Fully integrate the water regulation system model with the power grid model, unit model, auxiliary system model, and control and protection model to achieve basin-level simulation and scheduling, verify the impact of water regulation strategies on power grid and unit operations, and the flood scheduling effect.

[0103] This embodiment specifically includes the following processes:

[0104] 1. Model building preparation

[0105] Before building a basin-wide hydropower centralized control operation simulation model, it is necessary to first clarify the model's application scenarios and objectives. These objectives may include, but are not limited to, hydropower station operation optimization, fault diagnosis, and performance evaluation. The specific steps are as follows:

[0106] Clear application scenario: Determine the specific hydropower operation scenario the model will be used for. For example, if the goal is operational optimization, the model needs to be able to predict power generation efficiency and cost-effectiveness under different operating strategies. If the goal is fault diagnosis, the model should be able to reproduce fault scenarios and analyze the causes of the faults.

[0107] Performance indicator setting: Based on the application scenario, determine the key performance indicators of the simulation model. These indicators may include simulation accuracy, real-time performance, and scalability. For example, simulation accuracy requires that the model accurately reflect the actual operation of the hydropower station; real-time performance requires that the model completes simulation calculations within a reasonable time; and scalability requires that the model can easily add new systems or functions.

[0108] To build an accurate simulation model, it is necessary to collect detailed technical parameters and operating data of each hydropower station system. This data is the basis for model construction and verification. The specific steps are as follows:

[0109] Technical parameter collection: Collect the technical parameters of each system of the hydropower station, including the voltage level, frequency, and power flow distribution of the power grid; the model, capacity, and efficiency curve of the unit; the structure, parameters, and operating logic of the auxiliary systems (such as the oil system, water system, and gas system); the protection settings and control strategies of the control and protection system; and the reservoir capacity and flood discharge facility parameters of the water regulation system.

[0110] Operational data acquisition: The hydropower station's historical operating records, including the operating status of each system, load changes, and fault records, are collected. This data will be used to verify the accuracy and reliability of the simulation model. Fault data is also collected to reproduce fault scenarios in the simulation model and analyze the causes of the faults.

[0111] Data collation and analysis: Collected data is collated and analyzed to extract information useful for building simulation models. For example, historical operating data can be analyzed for load variation patterns and fault frequency to provide reference for model building.

[0112] 2. Simulation module construction

[0113] When building a basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation simulation model, the power grid model is an indispensable component. The power grid model simulation module aims to accurately simulate the operating status of the power grid and provide an accurate power environment for the centralized control and operation of hydropower stations. The specific construction steps are as follows:

[0114] Building load models: Load models are a crucial component of power grid models, reflecting load demands under different operating conditions. Load models include static and dynamic load models. Static load models are based on historical load data and use methods such as regression analysis to establish relationships between load and influencing factors. Dynamic load models consider the temporal characteristics of load, such as daily and weekly load curves. By building these models, we can more accurately predict and simulate power grid load demands over different time periods.

[0115] Establishing a transformer model: Transformers are critical components in power grids, and their models must accurately simulate both dynamic and steady-state characteristics. Dynamic characteristics include the transformer's voltage regulation capability and overload capacity under varying loads; steady-state characteristics focus on voltage conversion, current transmission, and losses. When building a transformer model, actual parameters such as the transformation ratio, short-circuit impedance, and no-load losses must be considered to ensure model accuracy.

[0116] Designing a power line model: Power lines are transmission channels within the power grid. Their models must account for parameters such as resistance, inductance, and capacitance to simulate the voltage and current distribution along the lines. The accuracy of the line model is crucial for calculations such as power flow and short-circuit calculations. When constructing a line model, detailed calculations based on actual line parameters (such as conductor type, length, and installation method) are required to ensure model accuracy.

[0117] Constructing a plant / station model: A plant / station model includes detailed models of power facilities such as power plants and substations. These models must cover internal equipment (such as generators, transformers, and switchgear), wiring methods, and operating strategies. By constructing a plant / station model, we can simulate equipment status and power flow distribution under different operating conditions, providing decision support for the centralized control and operation of the hydropower station.

[0118] Integrated simulation algorithms: To improve simulation accuracy and efficiency, the power grid model simulation module integrates multiple simulation algorithms. These algorithms include power flow calculation, short-circuit calculation, fault calculation, and relay protection and automatic device operation simulation. Power flow calculation simulates the voltage and current distribution of the power grid under normal operation; short-circuit calculation assesses the stability and reliability of the power grid under fault conditions; fault calculation analyzes the impact of faults on power grid operation; and relay protection and automatic device operation simulation simulates the operation of protective equipment during faults. By integrating these algorithms, the power grid model simulation module can more comprehensively simulate the power grid's operating status, providing more accurate decision support for the centralized control and operation of the hydropower station.

[0119] The unit model simulation module is the core component of the basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation simulation model. It is responsible for simulating the operating status of the hydropower station units (including turbines and generators). By accurately constructing the unit model, a comprehensive simulation of the hydropower station's operating status can be achieved, providing strong support for centralized control operations. The specific construction steps are as follows:

[0120] Establishing a turbine model: The turbine model forms the foundation of the unit model. It is constructed based on the turbine's operating characteristic curves and mathematical model. The turbine model must be able to calculate key parameters such as output power and efficiency in real time to simulate operation under varying loads and speeds. During the construction process, the turbine's hydraulic, mechanical, and regulating characteristics must be fully considered to ensure the model accurately reflects the turbine's actual operating conditions.

[0121] Generator Model Construction: The generator model is built based on the electromagnetic and mechanical transient processes of the synchronous generator. This model simulates key electrical parameters such as output voltage, current, power, and power factor under different operating conditions. During the construction process, the generator's rotor motion equations, electromagnetic induction equations, and protection and control strategies must be considered to ensure the model fully reflects the generator's operating characteristics.

[0122] Implementing dynamic interaction between turbine and generator models: Turbines and generators are two key components of a hydropower station. They are interdependent and mutually influential during operation. Therefore, when building the turbine model, dynamic interaction between the turbine and generator models is necessary. This includes simulating power transfer, speed synchronization, and the mutual impact of faults. Implementing dynamic interaction ensures the coordinated operation of the turbine models in simulation, improving simulation accuracy and reliability.

[0123] The auxiliary system model simulation module is a crucial component of the basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation simulation model. It simulates the operational status of auxiliary systems within a hydropower station, including the oil, water, and gas systems. By constructing detailed mathematical models of these systems and integrating corresponding simulation algorithms, simulation analysis of various possible faults and accidents within the auxiliary systems is possible, providing strong support for the centralized control and operation of the hydropower station. The specific construction steps are as follows:

[0124] Establish a detailed mathematical model:

[0125] Oil System Model: The oil system is a critical auxiliary system in a hydropower station, primarily responsible for lubricating and cooling the generator sets. When building an oil system model, its physical processes and performance must be carefully considered, including the operating characteristics of the oil pump, the resistance characteristics of the oil pipes, and the oil storage capacity of the oil tanks. By establishing a mathematical model of the oil system, it is possible to simulate its operating conditions under different operating conditions, such as normal oil supply, pressure regulation, and fault shutdown.

[0126] Water system model: The water system is the core component of a hydropower station, encompassing the intake, discharge, and circulating cooling of turbines. When building a water system model, it's important to consider the dynamic characteristics of water flow, pipe resistance, and valve adjustment characteristics. By simulating the operating state of the water system, we can analyze its impact on unit operation, such as flow rate variations and pressure fluctuations.

[0127] Gas system model: The gas system is primarily responsible for the unit's braking and sealing. When building the gas system model, it's important to consider factors such as gas compressibility, flow characteristics, and the tank's storage capacity. By simulating the gas system's operating state, its performance during unit startup, shutdown, and emergency situations can be evaluated.

[0128] Integrated simulation algorithm:

[0129] Fault injection algorithms: To analyze possible failures and incidents in auxiliary systems, a fault injection algorithm needs to be integrated into the model. This algorithm can simulate various failure scenarios, such as equipment damage, pipeline leaks, and valve malfunctions, and observe their impact on system operation.

[0130] Accident propagation algorithm: When a fault occurs in an auxiliary system, it can spread to other systems or equipment, leading to more serious consequences. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate an accident propagation algorithm to simulate the propagation process of the fault and analyze its impact on the operation of the entire hydropower station.

[0131] Phenomenon simulation algorithms: In addition to faults and accidents, other abnormal phenomena may occur in auxiliary systems, such as pressure fluctuations and temperature anomalies. To accurately simulate these phenomena and assess their impact on system operation, corresponding phenomenon simulation algorithms need to be integrated.

[0132] The control and protection model simulation module is a key component of the basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation simulation model. It simulates the operating status and control logic of the protection devices and safety automatic devices in the hydropower station. By building a control and protection model, simulation analysis of the hydropower station's control and protection strategies can be achieved, providing decision support for centralized control operations. The specific construction steps are as follows:

[0133] Constructing a constant value driven model:

[0134] Setpoint Management: The setpoint management module is responsible for setting, storing, and modifying protection setpoints. In the simulation model, the setpoint management process must be simulated to ensure the accuracy and reliability of protection setpoints. This includes functions such as setting value input, storage, modification, and verification.

[0135] The fixed value logic library contains the logical relationships and calculation rules for various protection fixed values. When building a simulation model, these logical relationships and calculation rules need to be established so that appropriate fixed values ​​can be selected for calculation based on actual conditions during the simulation process.

[0136] Fixed value verification algorithm: To ensure the accuracy of protection fixed values, a fixed value verification algorithm needs to be integrated. This algorithm can verify the set fixed value to check whether it complies with relevant standards and specifications and whether there is any conflict with other fixed values.

[0137] Design the control loop model:

[0138] Control loop design: The control loop is the core component of a hydropower plant's control system, responsible for regulating and controlling the units based on their operating status and grid requirements. When building a control loop model, detailed design of the control strategy, control algorithm, and control logic is required to ensure the model accurately reflects the actual operating status of the control system.

[0139] Fault signal simulation: To test the control system's fault handling capabilities, a fault signal simulation function needs to be integrated into the model. This function can simulate various fault scenarios, such as equipment damage, signal loss, and communication interruption, and observe the control system's response and handling capabilities under fault conditions.

[0140] Action logic judgment: The control loop model must integrate action logic judgment. This function can determine and execute corresponding control actions, such as start / stop, load regulation, and fault isolation, based on the control strategy and fault signals. This action logic judgment can simulate the decision-making process and execution effects of the control system in actual operation.

[0141] The water regulation system model simulation module is a key component of the basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation simulation model. It simulates the hydraulic connections and scheduling processes between reservoirs, dams, and hydropower stations within the basin. Through high-precision 3D modeling and real-time simulation, comprehensive monitoring of hydropower station operation and scheduling optimization are achieved. The specific construction steps are as follows:

[0142] Establishing reservoir and dam models: Advanced modeling software, such as AutoCAD and SolidWorks, was used to achieve high-precision 3D modeling of the reservoir and dam, accurately simulating their geometry and physical properties. During the modeling process, attention was paid to detail, such as the dam structure, flood discharge facilities, and water level monitoring points, to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of the model. Furthermore, WebGL technology was utilized to render and display the 3D model. WebGL is a web-based graphics rendering technology that renders 3D graphics in real time within a browser, providing a smooth user experience. Using WebGL technology, the 3D model can be embedded into the simulation system, enabling a visual display of the reservoir and dam.

[0143] Build a flood discharge facility model: Flood discharge facilities are crucial components of reservoirs and dams, responsible for safely discharging excess water into downstream rivers during floods. The flood discharge facility model simulates the hydraulic characteristics of structures such as flood gates and spillways in detail, including discharge coefficients and the relationship between gate opening and discharge volume. It also considers the impact of factors such as flow velocity and water level fluctuations during flood discharge on hydropower station operations.

[0144] Designing a river basin power station model: When constructing a river basin power station model, it's necessary to consider the hydraulic connections and scheduling rules of each hydropower station. First, corresponding hydropower station models are established based on factors such as the location, installed capacity, and regulation performance of each hydropower station within the river basin. These models simulate the power generation, storage, and discharge processes of the hydropower station. Then, the various hydropower station models are connected through the river basin hydraulics model to form the river basin power station model.

[0145] 3. Module integration and interaction:

[0146] Module integration and interaction are key aspects of the basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation simulation model, ensuring seamless connectivity and efficient collaboration between modules. The following are specific implementations of module integration and interaction:

[0147] Data interface and communication protocol design:

[0148] To ensure smooth data transmission between different modules, we use standardized data interfaces such as OLCUA (OLE for Process Control Unified Architecture) and MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). These standardized data interfaces support multiple data types and transmission methods, meeting the data exchange needs between different modules.

[0149] In addition to using standardized data interfaces, we also design customized, efficient communication protocols based on underlying transport protocols such as TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). By using customized communication protocols, we can adjust the format, size, and transmission strategy of data packets based on actual needs, ensuring the accuracy, integrity, and real-time nature of data transmission.

[0150] Module integration:

[0151] First, by integrating the grid model with the unit model, the grid model can obtain real-time data such as the unit model's output power and reactive power, thereby more accurately simulating the power system's operating status. At the same time, the unit model can also adjust its parameters such as output power and voltage according to the grid model's instructions, ensuring the stable operation of the power system.

[0152] To verify the interaction logic and fault response capabilities between these systems, the power grid, and the turbines, the auxiliary system models were integrated into the power grid and turbine models. This integration enabled the auxiliary system models to monitor the operating status of the power grid and turbines in real time and respond quickly to faults, such as activating backup equipment and adjusting system operating parameters.

[0153] To achieve closed-loop control of the system, a control and protection model was then incorporated into the simulation model. This model allows for precise control of the hydropower station by adjusting control strategies and protection settings based on the real-time operating status of the power grid and generators.

[0154] Finally, to achieve basin-level simulation and scheduling, the water regulation system model was fully integrated with the power grid, generator units, auxiliary systems, and control and protection models. This integration enables real-time simulation of hydrological processes within the basin, reservoir scheduling, and the interactions between hydropower stations.

[0155] 4. Simulation verification and optimization

[0156] Simulation validation and optimization are key steps in ensuring the effectiveness and practicality of basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation simulation models. By validating the model's performance in different scenarios and optimizing it accordingly, the model's accuracy and reliability can be significantly improved.

[0157] Simulation verification:

[0158] To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the simulation model, the hydropower station's historical operating records and fault data were fully utilized. By comparing the simulation model output with historical data, the model's accuracy was evaluated and any deviations or errors that might exist were identified.

[0159] In addition to using historical data for verification, the support capabilities of the simulation model are evaluated by simulating different operating scenarios and fault conditions. The performance of the simulation model in hydropower station operation optimization, fault diagnosis and performance evaluation is observed, thereby evaluating its support capabilities for the actual operation of the hydropower station.

[0160] Model optimization:

[0161] After completing the simulation verification, the simulation model was optimized based on the verification results. Corresponding improvement measures were taken to address issues with the model in terms of accuracy, real-time performance, stability, etc. For example, for issues with insufficient accuracy, the model algorithm or parameters may need to be adjusted;

[0162] The operating environment and requirements of hydropower plants are constantly changing, necessitating the continuous collection of new data and information to update simulation models. This data and information may include new equipment parameters, new operating rules, and new fault types. By integrating this new data and information into the simulation model, the model can better adapt to changes in the hydropower plant's operating environment and requirements.

[0163] In the process of building a simulation model for the centralized control and operation of hydropower in the entire river basin, module integration and interaction are key links to ensure the overall performance and function realization of the system.

[0164] To ensure smooth data flow between simulation modules, standardized data interfaces, OPC UA (OLE for Process Control Unified Architecture) and MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport), are adopted. These interfaces support multiple data types and transmission methods, and can meet the data exchange requirements between different modules.

[0165] Customized, efficient communication protocols have been designed to address the complex data interaction requirements between specific modules. These protocols are based on underlying transmission protocols such as TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) or UDP (User Datagram Protocol). By defining clear data packet formats, verification mechanisms, and transmission rules, they ensure the accuracy, integrity, and real-time nature of data during transmission.

[0166] The method for constructing a basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation simulation system, as described in an embodiment of the present invention, aims to achieve basin-level simulation of hydropower centralized control and operation by organically integrating power grid models, unit models, auxiliary system models, control and protection models, and water regulation system models in a modular manner. This method ensures data exchange and synchronization between modules, and verifies the system's interactive logic, fault response capabilities, the effectiveness and reliability of control and protection strategies, and the impact of water regulation strategies on power grid and unit operations in actual operation.

[0167] First, the grid model and the turbine model are integrated. The grid model simulates the operation of the entire power system, including changes in electrical quantities such as voltage, current, and power. The turbine model simulates the operation of the hydro-generator in detail, including the hydraulic machinery, generator, and speed control system. During the integration process, accurate data exchange and synchronization between the two must be ensured. By defining a unified data interface and communication protocol, real-time data transmission and status synchronization between the grid model and the turbine model are achieved, providing accurate basic data for subsequent simulation analysis.

[0168] Next, the auxiliary system model is integrated into the power grid and unit models. The auxiliary system model includes the oil, water, and gas systems, which are crucial for the stable operation of the hydropower station. During this integration process, the interaction logic between the auxiliary system model and the power grid and unit models must be verified to ensure that they can correctly respond to the needs of the power grid and units in actual operation. Furthermore, the auxiliary system's response capabilities in the event of a fault must be simulated to assess its impact on the overall operation of the hydropower station.

[0169] Next, the control and protection model is introduced to achieve closed-loop control of the system. This model simulates the operating logic of protective devices and automatic safety mechanisms, ensuring that in the event of a fault, the faulty component can be quickly and accurately shut down to prevent further damage. During this introduction, the effectiveness and reliability of the control and protection strategy must be verified to ensure that the simulation accurately reflects the operation and effectiveness of the protective devices. Furthermore, coordination between the control and protection model and the grid, unit, and auxiliary system models must be considered to achieve overall system optimization.

[0170] Finally, the water regulation system model is fully integrated with the power grid, generator units, auxiliary systems, and control and protection models. The water regulation system model simulates the operating status of reservoirs, dams, flood discharge facilities, and power stations within the basin, and is crucial for basin-level simulation of hydropower centralized control operations. During the integration process, basin-level simulation and scheduling are required to verify the impact of water regulation strategies on power grid and generator unit operations, as well as the effectiveness of flood control. By adjusting the parameters and strategies of the water regulation system model, the impact on the operating status of the entire hydropower system can be observed, providing strong support for scheduling decisions in actual operations.

[0171] In summary, the method for constructing a basin-wide hydropower centralized control and operation simulation system, as described above, achieves comprehensive simulation of the system through modular integration. This method not only improves the accuracy and reliability of the simulation but also provides strong support for hydropower station operation optimization, fault diagnosis, and performance evaluation.

[0172] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to the technical solutions formed by a specific combination of the above-mentioned technical features, but should also encompass other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above-mentioned technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-mentioned inventive concept. For example, a technical solution formed by mutually replacing the above-mentioned features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A basin-wide hydropower centralized control operation simulation system, characterized in that: include: Power grid model simulation module, unit model simulation module, auxiliary system model simulation module, control and protection model simulation module, and water regulation system model simulation module; The power grid model simulation module: By establishing a power grid model, it performs power system analysis operations, including power flow calculation, short circuit calculation, fault calculation, relay protection and automatic device action simulation, and simulates the dynamic interaction between the power system and the power station, and reflects the operating characteristics of the power system under various working conditions and the dynamic changes of equipment operating parameters; The unit model simulation module: establishes a unit model, and performs real-time dynamic simulation by establishing the dynamic relationship between the turbine and the generator based on the turbine's operating characteristic curve, to ensure that the unit's operating characteristics and laws under various operating conditions are consistent with reality; The auxiliary system model simulation module: performs fault and accident simulation based on the physical principles of oil, water, and gas auxiliary equipment, simulating the phenomena, processing processes, and impacts on associated equipment; The control and protection model simulation module: by establishing a fixed value drive model and a control loop model of the relay protection device, it simulates the starting conditions and action logic of the protection device and the safety automatic device when the equipment fails, as well as the impact of the protection device and the safety automatic device on the equipment; The water regulation system model simulation module models the operating parameters of reservoirs, dams, and flood discharge facilities, and simulates the changes in water level and flow in front of the dams of upstream and downstream power stations in real time and dynamically.

2. The whole-basin hydropower centralized control operation simulation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The power grid model described in the power grid model simulation module includes a load model, a transformer model, a power line model, and a plant model. The load model is used to describe the changing characteristics of the load in the power system, including a static load model and a dynamic load model. The transformer model is used to describe the dynamic characteristics and steady-state characteristics of the transformer. The power line model is used to describe the transmission characteristics of the power line, as well as the voltage and current distribution on the line. The plant model includes a simulation model of the power facility, reflecting the internal equipment, wiring method, and operation strategy of the power facility. The power grid model simulation module is implemented through a simulation calculation algorithm, specifically including: Power flow calculation algorithm: Based on node voltage and power balance equations, the Newton-Raphson method and fast decoupling method are used to calculate the power flow distribution of the power system; Short-circuit calculation algorithm: used to calculate the voltage, current, and power distribution of the power system under fault conditions. It applies the symmetrical component method and the phase component method to analyze the impact of asymmetrical and symmetrical faults, and considers the location and type of the fault point as well as the system structure to calculate the short-circuit current. Fault calculation algorithm: Analyze power system faults using node admittance matrix and multi-port network theory, taking into account fault propagation, impact range, and effectiveness of protection measures for fault calculation and assessment; Relay protection and automatic device action simulation algorithm: Based on the fault type and location of the power system, the action behavior of the relay protection device is simulated. The setting value, action time and coordination with other protection devices are considered for simulation analysis to evaluate the performance and reliability of the protection device.

3. The whole-basin hydropower centralized control operation simulation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The unit model described in the unit model simulation module includes a turbine model and a generator model; the turbine model is used to process turbine characteristic curve data, and calculates the output power and efficiency of the turbine in real time according to the working conditions during the simulation process; the turbine model also establishes a dynamic mathematical model based on the physical parameters and control strategy of the turbine, and the dynamic mathematical model simulates the operation of the turbine under different loads and speeds, and outputs corresponding physical quantities; the generator model establishes a mathematical model based on the electromagnetic transient and mechanical transient processes of the synchronous generator, and the mathematical model includes the stator voltage equation, rotor voltage equation, and motion equation of the generator, and takes into account the electromagnetic transient processes of the stator winding and rotor winding; the generator model also establishes dynamic relationships based on the mathematical model, including electrical relationships and mechanical relationships, simulates the operation of the generator under different working conditions, and outputs corresponding physical quantities; The turbine model and the generator model achieve dynamic interaction through mechanical and electrical connections to jointly simulate the power generation process of the hydropower station; the generator model receives the speed and power input from the turbine model as important parameters for the generator operation, thereby realizing collaborative simulation between the turbine and the generator.

4. The whole-basin hydropower centralized control operation simulation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The auxiliary system model simulation module establishes mathematical models for the oil system, water system and gas system respectively, specifically including an oil system model, a water system model and a gas system model; The oil system model includes mathematical models of the oil pump, oil tank, oil pipe, and oil cooler equipment, simulating oil flow, pressure changes, and temperature control, and considering the impact of oil viscosity, density, and fluidity physical properties on system performance; The water system model includes mathematical models of water pumps, water tanks, water pipes, and water cooler equipment, simulating the physical processes of water flow, pressure distribution, and temperature regulation, and taking into account the impact of water flow, pressure, and temperature parameters on system performance; The gas system model includes mathematical models of the gas pump, gas tank, gas pipe, and gas pressure regulator. It simulates the physical processes of gas compression, storage, and transportation, and considers the impact of gas pressure, temperature, and flow parameters on system performance. The auxiliary system model simulation module is implemented based on the fault and accident simulation algorithm, and specifically includes: Fault injection algorithms: These simulate various faults in oil, water, and gas systems, including equipment failures, pipeline leaks, and pressure anomalies. They also simulate the occurrence of faults by changing system parameters or introducing additional physical processes. Accident Propagation Algorithm: This algorithm simulates the propagation of faults in the system, including fault diffusion and chain reactions, and considers the impact of faults on the system as well as the system's response and recovery process to faults. Phenomenon simulation algorithm: simulates the physical phenomena generated according to the type and severity of the fault, including pressure fluctuations, temperature anomalies, and vibrations, and uses physical models and numerical methods to simulate the changing process of the physical phenomena.

5. The whole-basin hydropower centralized control operation simulation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control and protection model simulation module includes a fixed value drive model and a control loop model; The fixed value driving model performs fixed value management through a fixed value logic library; sets the fixed value item setting experience value as the fixed value threshold according to the protected voltage level and protection type, and triggers the system threshold warning during the setting process; The fixed value logic library contains conversion formulas and verification rules for different protection types, which can convert the different protection types covered into a unified protection form; The fixed value driving model is implemented based on the fixed value verification algorithm; specifically, the conversion formula and verification rules in the fixed value logic library are used to verify the protection fixed value; The control loop model includes control loop design, fault signal simulation and action logic judgment; specifically: The control circuit design simulates the control circuit of the protection device and the safety automatic device, reflecting the action logic of the protection device after receiving the fault signal; Fault signal simulation simulates the fault signal generated when the equipment fails, including changes in electrical quantities such as current and voltage, and the simulation results are as close to the actual fault situation as possible; The action logic judgment is based on the control loop design and fault signal simulation results to determine whether the action logic of the protection device is correct, including the starting conditions, action sequence and action time of the protection device.

6. The whole-basin hydropower centralized control operation simulation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water regulation system model simulation module includes a water regulation system model, specifically including a reservoir and dam model, a flood discharge facility model, and a basin power station model; The reservoir and dam models are modeled and rendered in high-precision three-dimensional form using modeling software and WebGL technology, while dynamically adjustable operating parameters are set to reflect the actual operating status of the reservoir and dam; The flood discharge facility model performs structural modeling on the flood discharge facility and simulates the flow characteristics and impacts during the flood discharge process; The watershed power station model models the layout and structure of the upstream and downstream power stations in the watershed, and simulates the changes in water level and flow in front of the dam in real time.

7. A method for constructing a hydropower centralized control operation simulation system for the entire river basin, used to construct the hydropower centralized control operation simulation system for the entire river basin as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Integrate the grid model with the unit model; Step 2: Integrate the auxiliary system model into the grid model and unit model to verify the interaction logic and fault response capabilities of the auxiliary system model in actual operation; Step 3: Introduce the control and protection model simulation module to implement closed-loop control of the system and verify the effectiveness and reliability of the control and protection strategy; the control and protection strategy is the fixed value drive model and the specific parameters in the control loop model; Step 4: Fully integrate the water regulation system model with the power grid model, unit model, auxiliary system model, and control and protection model to achieve basin-level simulation and scheduling, verify the impact of water regulation strategies on power grid and unit operations, and the flood scheduling effect.

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