Water-fertilizer integrated double-film efficient cultivation method for pepper

Abstract

The invention discloses a pepper water-fertilizer integrated double-film efficient cultivation method, which belongs to the technical field of pepper planting, and is realized through four steps of soil preparation and ridging, sowing, seedling raising and transplanting, double-layer functional mulching film laying and furrow irrigation. Through staggered arrangement design of the vent holes and accurate arrangement of the vent holes in a specific radius range around a pepper transplanting hole, the uniformity of oxygen supply of a root zone is effectively guaranteed, root rot and diseases caused by local oxygen deficit are prevented, and high-quality development of pepper root systems is realized by combining a temperature and humidity coordinated regulation function of a double-film structure; the efficient absorption of nutrient substances is promoted. Compared with traditional film mulching or non-film mulching furrow irrigation treatment, the double-film furrow irrigation system has the advantages that the irrigation amount of each time is only 1.023 m < 3 > / hm < 2 > under the same cultivation condition, the water saving amplitude reaches 65% or above, and the water resource utilization efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pepper planting, and more particularly to a water-fertilizer integrated double-film high-efficiency cultivation method for pepper. Background Art

[0002] my country is a country with limited water resources, with per capita water availability accounting for only one-quarter of the world's average. Due to increased water consumption, some regions have overexploited groundwater, leading to declining groundwater levels in most areas. Agricultural irrigation accounts for nearly 70% of water consumption across all sectors. Therefore, developing water-saving agriculture is crucial for conserving water resources, increasing agricultural profitability, and protecting the ecological environment. Traditional practices of flood irrigation and heavy fertilization have led to significant fertilizer waste and inefficient fertilizer utilization. Excessive fertilization not only wastes fertilizer resources, increases production costs, and reduces product quality, but also causes soil salinization and acidification, soil compaction, imbalances in soil microbial populations, and localized eutrophication of groundwater.

[0003] Peppers (Capsicum frutescent.L), belonging to the genus Capsicum in the Solanaceae family, are native to tropical regions of South America and Central America, including Mexico. They are cross-pollinated annual or perennial herbs. Their quality and taste are highly valued, and their yield is second only to tomatoes among Solanaceae vegetables. According to research, the current irrigation quota for vegetable fields in my country is 9,000 to 12,000 m3 per hectare. 3 However, water utilization is only 40%. Studies have shown that mulch irrigation can save water and increase yields, saving 25% to 30% of water compared to furrow irrigation, achieving a water utilization rate of over 80%, and increasing yields by 15% to 20%. The improved soil water and heat conditions after mulching promote the growth of crop roots and enhance their ability to absorb water and mineral nutrients. Single-layer mulch cultivation increases temperature, retains water and fertilizer, improves soil physical and chemical properties, enhances soil fertility, inhibits weed growth, and reduces disease.

[0004] In recent years, with the continuous development of agricultural engineering and biotechnology, some studies have attempted to introduce technologies such as functional mulch films, integrated water and fertilizer management, and substrate improvement to optimize pepper cultivation systems. However, how to achieve the synergistic enhancement of mulch film structures, resource recycling of substrate formulations, and precise regulation of the rhizosphere environment with precise nutrient and water management remain pressing challenges.

[0005] Through existing literature retrieval, it is found that the patent application with the Chinese patent publication number CN108934822A and the publication date of December 7, 2018 discloses a matching cultivation method for mechanized production of multi-span greenhouse peppers, which avoids soil compaction or artificial compaction by mechanized cultivation of peppers, so that the root system can breathe normally and effectively, which is beneficial to nutrient absorption, but it cannot realize high-quality development of pepper root system, promote efficient absorption of nutrients, and the water resource utilization efficiency is not high enough. SUMMARY

[0006] 1. TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED

[0007] In view of the problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a pepper water and fertilizer integrated double-membrane efficient cultivation method, which can realize high-quality development of pepper root system, promote efficient absorption of nutrients, improve water resource utilization efficiency and increase crop yield.

[0008] 2. TECHNICAL SCHEME

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, the present application adopts the following technical scheme.

[0010] A pepper water and fertilizer integrated double-membrane efficient cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0011] 1) Land preparation and ridging: After land preparation according to the pepper planting row spacing and spacing, ridging is performed in the greenhouse or the greenhouse, forming a planting ditch between two ridges, the ridge height is 15-25 cm, the ridge top width is 75-85 cm, the ditch width is 55-65 cm, and the ditch depth is 25-35 cm;

[0012] 2) Sowing, seedling raising and transplanting: pepper seedlings are raised to 3-5 true leaves, and are transplanted to the predetermined acupuncture points in the planting ditch on sunny days, with the cotyledon base being flush with the ridge ditch surface;

[0013] 3) Double-layer functional geomembrane laying: a first geomembrane is laid at the bottom of the planting ditch, the first geomembrane is a high-barrier thin film, the length of which is 5-15 cm longer than the ditch width, and the first geomembrane is laid to fit the ditch bottom, and a second geomembrane is laid on the first geomembrane, the second geomembrane is provided with a plurality of air vents with a diameter of 5-10 mm, and the air vents are arranged within a radius region of 10-20 cm around the center point of the pepper transplanting acupuncture point;

[0014] 4) Ditch irrigation: water is irrigated to the planting ditch through the ditch, and the water level is controlled to reach 2 / 3 of the planting ditch depth.

[0015] According to the above characteristics, the second geomembrane is a silver-black double-color reflective geomembrane with a thickness of 0.02 mm or more, the silver side faces upward, the reflective effect is used to improve the light illumination of the lower part of the plant and drive away aphids, and at the same time, the lower first geomembrane is synergistic in maintaining the appropriate temperature of the root zone.

[0016] In some embodiments, the ventilation holes are arranged in a staggered manner on the second ground film, with a spacing of 20 to 30 cm along the pepper rows. This spacing setting can effectively ensure uniform gas exchange in all parts of the root zone and avoid local hypoxia.

[0017] According to the above characteristics, in step 4), when the irrigation water level reaches 1 / 2 of the depth of the planting ditch, water injection is stopped, 150-200 kg per hectare of 15-15-15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is dissolved in water and poured into the ditch, and then watering is continued until the water level reaches 4 / 5 of the ditch depth.

[0018] In some embodiments, the land preparation and ridge forming steps are completed using a rotary tillage and ridge forming machine, the ridge furrows remain parallel, and the bottom of the furrow is a flat bottom structure, which is conducive to uniform irrigation.

[0019] According to the above characteristics, the ventilation holes are arranged at a spacing of 20 to 30 cm and are evenly distributed along the row of peppers.

[0020] In some embodiments, the pepper seedlings are grown using a seedling matrix Q, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of pig manure residue, 30-40 parts of pepper straw, 10-16 parts of maple leaves, 8-10 parts of pine needles, 2-6 parts of sodium bicarbonate, and 1-3 parts of fly ash.

[0021] According to the above characteristics, the seedling raising matrix Q is stirred evenly and sealed with a film for 24 to 36 hours before use; the treated seedling raising matrix is ​​spread flat between the first mulch film and the second mulch film, with a matrix thickness of 3 to 4 cm.

[0022] 3. Beneficial effects

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0024] 1) The present invention adopts an innovative combination of a double-layer functional mulch film system. The bottom layer adopts a high-barrier film and the upper layer is a silver-black two-color reflective film. It can maintain the temperature and humidity stability of the root zone while improving the light conditions under the plant. It also has an excellent aphid repellent effect and significantly reduces the incidence of diseases and insect pests.

[0025] 2) The present invention adopts a staggered arrangement of ventilation holes and accurately sets them within a specific radius around the pepper transplanting hole, effectively ensuring the uniformity of oxygen supply in the root zone, preventing root rot and diseases caused by local hypoxia. Combined with the temperature and humidity coordinated control function of the double membrane structure, it achieves high-quality development of the pepper root system and promotes efficient absorption of nutrients.

[0026] 3) The innovative seedling medium Q is composed of a variety of agricultural wastes such as "pig manure residue-pepper straw-maple leaves-pine needles". It is rich in organic matter and trace elements. It not only realizes the resource utilization of waste, but also significantly improves the root vitality and growth balance of pepper seedlings.

[0027] 4) Compared with the traditional mulching or non-mulching furrow irrigation treatment, the double-film furrow irrigation system of the present invention only requires 1.023m3 of water per irrigation under the same cultivation conditions. 3 / hm 2 , water saving rate is more than 65% (compared with 2.96m 3 / hm 2 ), significantly improving the efficiency of water resource utilization, and is particularly suitable for facility agriculture and large-scale pepper cultivation in arid and semi-arid areas.

[0028] 5) By regulating the root zone microclimate and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, the present invention reduces the overall disease incidence of peppers to 0.01% to 0.02%, which is far better than the traditional multi-span greenhouse control (the incidence rate reaches 30.44%), showing excellent disease resistance and stable yield ability, greatly reducing the frequency of pesticide use, effectively reducing agricultural residues, and improving the green quality of the product.

[0029] 6) Through the synergistic effect of various cultivation measures, the present invention significantly improves the quality of pepper fruit, with an average fruit weight of 16.45 to 17.00 g. Growth parameters such as stem diameter and leaf weight are comprehensively superior to the control group. Combined with a stable irrigation and nutrient supply model, the present invention achieves the unity of high yield and high quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] A water-fertilizer integrated double-film high-efficiency cultivation method for peppers comprises the following steps:

[0033] 1) Land preparation and ridge forming: In a greenhouse or shed, the land is prepared according to the row spacing and plant spacing of peppers and ridges are formed to form planting furrows between the two ridges. The ridge height is 15 cm, the ridge top width is 75 cm, the furrow width is 55 cm, and the furrow depth is 25 cm. The land preparation and ridge forming steps are completed using a rotary tillage and ridging machine. The ridges are kept parallel and the furrow bottom is a flat bottom structure to facilitate uniform irrigation.

[0034] 2) Seedling and transplanting: the pepper variety is selected from the two jing tie pepper, the pepper seedling is to 3 true leaves, and is transplanted to the predetermined acupoint in the planting ditch on a sunny day, with the cotyledon base being flush with the ridge surface; the pepper seedling is cultivated by using a seedling substrate Q, and the seedling substrate Q is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: pig manure 50 parts, pepper straw 30 parts, maple leaves 10 parts, pine needle leaves 8 parts, sodium bicarbonate 2 parts, and fly ash 1 part.

[0035] 3) Double-layer functional mulching film laying: a first mulching film is laid on the bottom of the planting ditch, the first mulching film is a high-barrier thin film, the length of which is greater than the ditch width by 5 cm, and the first mulching film is laid to adhere to the ditch bottom; a second mulching film is laid on the first mulching film, the second mulching film is provided with a plurality of air holes with a diameter of 5 mm, and the air holes are arranged in a region with a radius of 10 cm around the center point of the pepper transplanting hole; the second mulching film is a silver-black double-color reflective mulching film, and the thickness of the second mulching film is greater than or equal to 0.02 mm; the silver side of the second mulching film faces upward, the reflective effect is used to improve the light illumination of the lower part of the plant and to drive away aphids, and the second mulching film cooperates with the first mulching film to have a synergistic effect on maintaining the suitable temperature of the root zone.

[0036] The air holes are arranged in a staggered manner on the second mulching film, and the spacing along the pepper row is 20 cm, which can effectively ensure uniform gas exchange of each part of the root zone and avoid local oxygen deficiency. The spacing of the air holes is 20 cm, and the air holes are uniformly distributed along the pepper row. The seedling substrate Q is stirred and sealed with a film for 24 hours before use; the treated seedling substrate is laid between the first mulching film and the second mulching film, and the thickness of the substrate is 3 cm.

[0037] 4) Ditch irrigation: water is irrigated to the planting ditch through the ditch, and the water level is controlled to reach 2 / 3 of the depth of the planting ditch. When the irrigation water level reaches 1 / 2 of the depth of the planting ditch, stop watering, dissolve 150 kg of 15-15-15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per hectare in water and pour it into the ditch, and then continue to irrigate until the water level reaches 4 / 5 of the depth of the ditch.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A pepper water and fertilizer integrated double-membrane high-efficiency cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0040] 1) Land preparation and ridging: after land preparation according to the pepper planting row spacing and plant spacing, ridges are formed in the greenhouse or the big shed, the planting ditch is located between the two ridges, the ridge height is 25 cm, the ridge top width is 85 cm, the ditch width is 65 cm, and the ditch depth is 35 cm; the land preparation and ridging steps are completed by using a rotary tillage and ridging integrated machine, the ridge and ditch are parallel, and the ditch bottom is flat, which is beneficial to the uniformity of irrigation.

[0041] 2) Sowing, raising seedlings and transplanting: The pepper variety is selected from Erjingtiao pepper, and the pepper seedlings are raised to 5 true leaves. The pepper seedlings are transplanted to the predetermined hole in the planting furrow on a sunny day, with the base of the cotyledon flush with the furrow surface; the pepper seedlings are raised using a seedling medium Q, and the seedling medium Q is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of pig manure residue, 40 parts of pepper straw, 16 parts of maple leaves, 10 parts of pine needles, 6 parts of sodium bicarbonate, and 3 parts of fly ash.

[0042] 3) Laying of double-layer functional mulch: A first mulch is laid at the bottom of the planting trench. The first mulch is a high-barrier film with a length greater than 15 cm in width. It fits the trench bottom when laid. A second mulch is laid on top of the first mulch. The second mulch is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes with a diameter of 10 mm. The ventilation holes are arranged within a radius of 20 cm around the center of the corresponding pepper transplanting hole. The second mulch is made of a silver-black two-color reflective film with a thickness of more than 0.02 mm. The silver side faces upwards, and the reflective effect is used to improve the light exposure to the lower part of the plant and repel aphids. At the same time, it cooperates with the lower first mulch to have a synergistic effect in maintaining a suitable temperature in the root zone.

[0043] The air holes are staggered in the second mulch film, spaced 30 cm apart along the pepper rows. This spacing effectively ensures uniform air exchange across the root zone and prevents localized hypoxia. The air holes are spaced 30 cm apart and evenly distributed along the pepper rows. Stir the seedling medium Q thoroughly and seal it with a film for 36 hours before use. Spread the treated seedling medium between the first and second mulch films, with a thickness of 4 cm.

[0044] 4) Furrow Irrigation: Irrigate the planting furrows through the furrows, controlling the water level to reach 2 / 3 of the furrow depth. When the irrigation water level reaches 1 / 2 of the furrow depth, stop watering and dissolve 200kg / hectare of 15-15-15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer in water and pour it into the furrow. Continue irrigation until the water level reaches 4 / 5 of the furrow depth.

[0045] The following experiment was conducted using the patent application "Mechanized cultivation method for peppers in multi-span greenhouses" with patent publication number CN108934822A and publication date of December 7, 2018 as a comparative example, as shown in Table 1:

[0046]

[0047] As shown in Table 1, the pepper fruit length of the present invention is 142.6-143.3 mm, the fruit diameter is 23.1-25.8 mm, the fruit weight is 16.45-17.00 g, the crown width is 112.5-113.7 cm, the disease incidence rate is only 0.01%-0.02%, and the economic benefit is significant.

[0048] The experiment set the film mulching method as one factor and four treatments: CK: no film mulching and furrow irrigation; T1: single-layer film mulching at the bottom of the furrow and furrow irrigation; T2: single-layer film mulching on the ridge and furrow irrigation; T3: double-layer film mulching and furrow irrigation. The irrigation amount is shown in Table 2.

[0049]

[0050] Fertilizer utilization rate is shown in Table 3:

[0051]

[0052] As shown in Table 3, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in the present invention is 32.59% to 38.66%, the potassium fertilizer utilization rate is 19.58% to 24.36%, and the phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate is 20.11% to 23.56%.

[0053] Growth indicators, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, quality, and yield are shown in Tables 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively.

[0054]

[0055] As shown in Table 4, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf fresh weight, stem fresh weight, leaf dry weight and stem dry weight of the present invention are all better than those of the comparative example.

[0056]

[0057] As shown in Table 5, the chlorophyll content of the present invention is better than that of the comparative example.

[0058]

[0059] As shown in Table 6, the photosynthetic rate of the present invention is 10.61-13.25 μmol / m2.s, the stomatal conductance is 279.58-321.4 mol / m2.s, the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration is 284.25-315.47 μmol / mol, and the transpiration rate is 3.54-3.99 mmol / m2.s.

[0060]

[0061] As shown in Table 7, the soluble sugar content is 2.52-3.24%, the soluble protein content is 1.07-1.48 mg / g, the nitrate content is 307.01-355.14 mg / kg, and the vitamin C content is 6.41-6.99 mg / g.

[0062]

[0063] As shown in Table 8, the weight of single fruit in the present invention is 24.77-29.84 g, and the yield per mu reaches 4400.52-4952.14 kg / 667 m 2, with significant economic benefits.

[0064] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or modifications based on the technical solutions and improved concepts of the present invention shall be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pepper water and fertilizer integrated double-film efficient cultivation method, characterized in that The steps include: 1) Land preparation and ridge formation: In a greenhouse or shed, prepare the land according to the pepper planting row and plant spacing, then form ridges, forming planting furrows between the two ridges, with a ridge height of 15-25 cm, a ridge top width of 75-85 cm, a furrow width of 55-65 cm, and a furrow depth of 25-35 cm; 2) Sowing and transplanting: When pepper seedlings have 3 to 5 true leaves, transplant them to the predetermined locations in the planting furrow on a sunny day, with the base of the cotyledons flush with the furrow surface; 3) Laying a double-layer functional mulch film: Laying a first mulch film at the bottom of the planting trench. The first mulch film is a high-barrier film, 5 to 15 cm longer than the trench width, and is laid to fit the trench bottom. Laying a second mulch film on top of the first mulch film has multiple ventilation holes with a diameter of 5 to 10 mm. The ventilation holes are arranged within a 10 to 20 cm radius around the center of the corresponding pepper transplanting hole. 4) Furrow irrigation: Water is poured into the planting furrow through the furrow, and the water level is controlled to reach 2 / 3 of the depth of the planting furrow.

2. A pepper water-fertilizer integrated double-film high-efficiency cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second ground film is made of a silver-black two-color reflective ground film with a thickness of more than 0.02 mm. The silver side faces upward, and the reflective effect is used to improve the light exposure to the lower part of the plant and repel aphids. At the same time, it cooperates with the first ground film below to have a synergistic effect in maintaining a suitable temperature in the root zone.

3. A pepper water-fertilizer integrated double-film high-efficiency cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation holes are arranged in a staggered manner on the second ground film, with a spacing of 20 to 30 cm along the pepper rows. This spacing setting can effectively ensure uniform gas exchange in all parts of the root zone and avoid local hypoxia.

4. A pepper water-fertilizer integrated double-film high-efficiency cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4), when the irrigation water level reaches 1 / 2 of the depth of the planting ditch, stop watering, dissolve 150-200 kg / hectare of 15-15-15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer in water and put it into the ditch, and continue watering until the water level reaches 4 / 5 of the ditch depth.

5. A pepper water-fertilizer integrated double-film high-efficiency cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The land preparation and ridge-forming steps are completed using a rotary tillage and ridge-forming integrated machine. The ridge furrows are kept parallel and the furrow bottoms are flat, which is conducive to uniform irrigation.

6. A pepper water-fertilizer integrated double-film high-efficiency cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation holes are arranged at intervals of 20 to 30 cm and are evenly distributed along the rows of peppers.

7. A pepper water-fertilizer integrated double-film high-efficiency cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pepper seedlings are grown using a seedling matrix Q, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of pig manure residue, 30-40 parts of pepper straw, 10-16 parts of maple leaves, 8-10 parts of pine needles, 2-6 parts of sodium bicarbonate, and 1-3 parts of fly ash.

8. A pepper water-fertilizer integrated double-film high-efficiency cultivation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Stir the seedling raising matrix Q evenly and seal it with a film for 24 to 36 hours before use; spread the treated seedling raising matrix between the first mulch film and the second mulch film with a thickness of 3 to 4 cm.

Images