Geological defect crossing structure of compressed air energy storage artificial chamber gas storage and construction method of geological defect crossing structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a structure suitable for a compressed air energy storage artificial chamber gas storage to penetrate through geological defects and a construction method. The structure comprises a system anchor rod, a shotcrete primary support, a reinforced concrete secondary lining, a concrete wrapping body, a pipe shed and an end batten plate, the outer edge of the end batten plate is connected with a gas storage cavern wall sealing layer, the overall sealing performance of the structure is ensured, and the method is used for solving the problems of deformation and stress concentration caused when an artificial chamber penetrates through a fault, a soft layer and other unfavorable geologic bodies. According to the structure, safe and stable crossing can be achieved under the complex geological condition, the flexibility and adaptability of gas storage arrangement are remarkably improved, the limitation of site selection on the geological condition is broken through, and the engineering application range of compressed air energy storage is expanded. The method provides key support for energy infrastructure construction, is a major breakthrough of application of the compressed air energy storage technology in complex geological areas, and has wide engineering popularization prospects.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the mechanical technical field, specifically to the structure of compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage crossing geological defects and the construction method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the wave of global energy structure transformation to clean energy, energy storage technology as the key support to realize the peak load shifting of power grid and guarantee the stable operation of power system, is facing unprecedented development opportunities. Among them, compressed air energy storage technology, with its large scale, long life, relatively low cost and environmental friendliness, has become one of the energy storage and peak shaving power generation technologies with broad application prospect. The core logic of this technology is to realize the efficient transfer of electric energy in time and space: when the power grid is in the low load period, use the surplus electric energy to drive the compressor to compress the air and store it in the specially constructed underground gas storage; when the power load increases, release the high pressure air, drive the turbine to expand and drive the generator to generate electricity, so as to effectively fill the power gap and guarantee the safe and stable operation of power system.

[0003] Among various gas storage methods, artificial cavern gas storage occupies an important position due to its significant advantages. Its site selection flexibility is very high, which is not limited by specific geological structure or geographical conditions; the structure has high controllability, which can be accurately designed and constructed according to engineering requirements; at the same time, relying on the construction technology and engineering experience accumulated in China for many years, artificial cavern gas storage has been widely used in the planning and construction of many compressed air energy storage projects, and has become a key support force to promote the engineering landing of this technology.

[0004] The working principle of artificial cavern gas storage is to transfer the pressure load generated by the internal gas to the surrounding rock through the lining structure, so that it becomes the main body to bear the load. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the gas storage, it is appropriate to preferentially select continuous and complete hard rock area in the site selection and layout stage; at the same time, try to avoid fault development, areas with soft interlayer or fracture zone and other areas with adverse geological structure, so as to minimize the safety risk caused by geological factors.

[0005] However, in actual engineering construction, underground geological conditions are often extremely complex, and the construction of artificial cavern gas storage facilities is difficult to completely avoid geological defects such as faults, weak layers or fractured zones. These geological defects are like "time bombs" lurking underground, which may seriously weaken the integrity and stability of the surrounding rock and cause its deformation response to be uncoordinated. In the future gas storage operation process, the gas pressure in the cavity will continue to rise and fall with the charging and discharging process, and the load will fluctuate periodically, repeatedly acting on the surrounding rock. Under long-term action, it will continue to cause stress accumulation and release in the geological defect area, which is very likely to induce surrounding rock instability. Once the surrounding rock breaks, collapses or other instability phenomena occur, it will pose a major threat to the overall safety of the gas storage facility; in addition, it may also cause the sealing layer to fail, resulting in gas leakage, which not only reduces the energy storage efficiency, but also may cause a series of safety hazards.

[0006] To address these geological challenges, existing projects often employ an avoidance design strategy during design and construction, locating gas storage facilities in areas free of geological defects whenever possible. However, this approach has significant limitations, severely restricting the area suitable for the construction of artificial chamber gas storage facilities. Many areas with advantages in terms of energy demand and geographical location are excluded from site selection simply because of unavoidable geological defects. This not only increases the difficulty and cost of site selection but also severely restricts the promotion and large-scale application of artificial chamber gas storage, making it difficult to function on a larger scale and meet diverse energy storage needs.

[0007] Therefore, in the current context of energy structure transformation and the accelerated development of energy storage technology, there is an urgent need to propose an innovative technical solution that can effectively address various problems under complex geological conditions, enhance the flexibility of artificial chamber gas storage in site selection and layout, break through the geological limitations of existing suitable construction areas, and expand its engineering applicability. Only in this way can artificial chamber gas storage play a more effective role in complex geological environments, meet the growing demand for energy storage projects, provide strong support for the large-scale promotion and high-quality development of compressed air energy storage technology, and thus contribute to the steady progress of the global clean energy transition. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a structure for a compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir that passes through geological defects and a construction method thereof, so as to solve the technical problems of the above-mentioned prior art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides one of the following technical solutions: a structure for a compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir that passes through a geological defect, wherein an existing geological defect layer 1 is located in the surrounding rock 2. The structure divides the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir into a front gas storage reservoir 3 and a rear gas storage reservoir 4. The structure includes:

[0010] System anchor 5, which is fixed on the surrounding rock 2 and the geological defect layer 1;

[0011] The primary support of shotcrete 6 is closely attached to the inner side of the surrounding rock 2 and the geological defect layer 1 through the anchor rod 5;

[0012] A reinforced concrete secondary lining 7, which is located inside the shotcrete primary support 6;

[0013] concrete inclusion 8, which is located within the concrete inclusion 8;

[0014] The pipe shed 9 is evenly embedded in the concrete enclosure 8 and connects the front gas storage reservoir 3 and the rear gas storage reservoir 4 via a connecting steel pipe 9;

[0015] End gussets 10 are located at both ends of the concrete inclusion 8 and are welded to both ends of the connecting steel pipe 9; the end gussets 10 are provided with circular openings corresponding to the connecting steel pipes 9;

[0016] The outer edge of the end plate 10 is connected to the cave wall sealing layer 11 of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir.

[0017] Furthermore, the sprayed concrete primary support 6 includes concrete and a steel mesh. After the concrete wraps the steel mesh, the sprayed concrete primary support 6 is sprayed onto the surface of the surrounding rock 2 and the geological defect layer 1.

[0018] Furthermore, the sprayed concrete primary support 6 is connected to the existing sprayed concrete primary supports of the front gas storage reservoir 3 and the rear gas storage reservoir 4 and has the same thickness.

[0019] Furthermore, the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7 is connected to the existing reinforced concrete secondary linings of the front gas storage reservoir 3 and the rear gas storage reservoir 4 and has the same thickness.

[0020] Furthermore, the length of the concrete inclusion and the connecting steel pipe is greater than the length of the geological defect layer 1, and extends equidistantly along both ends of the geological defect layer 1, and the extension distance is 1 to 3 times the inner diameter of the gas storage reservoir.

[0021] Furthermore, the wall thickness of the connecting steel pipe 9 is calculated and determined based on the total gas storage pressure load borne by the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir. The inner diameter of the connecting steel pipe 9 is 70 to 150 cm, which is convenient for personnel and equipment to pass through and maintain.

[0022] Furthermore, the thickness of the end plate 10 is 6 to 18 mm.

[0023] The present invention provides another technical solution as follows: a construction method, which is applicable to the structure of the above-mentioned compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir passing through geological defects, and the method comprises:

[0024] S1, apply anchor rod 5;

[0025] S2, hang steel mesh, spray concrete, and form the initial support of spray concrete 6;

[0026] S3, tying steel bars and pouring concrete to form a reinforced concrete secondary lining 7;

[0027] S4, installing the connecting steel pipe 9;

[0028] S5. Install the end plate 10, and weld the end plate 10 and the two ends of the connecting steel pipe 9 firmly;

[0029] S6, using the end plate 10 and the connecting pipe as a template to cast concrete to form a concrete inclusion 8;

[0030] S7. The outer edge of the end plate 10 is connected to the cave wall sealing layer 11 of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir.

[0031] In the above-mentioned technical solutions, during the construction of artificial chamber gas storage, adverse geological defects such as faults and weak layers have always been a major challenge affecting its safety and stability. These geological defects with low rock strength and poor integrity act like "weak links" underground. Under the repeated pressure loads during the operation of the gas storage, they are very likely to cause problems such as increased deformation and stress concentration. The rock mass in the fault zone is often broken, and the connection between the parts is weak, making it difficult to coordinate and withstand pressure, which may lead to dislocation and slip. The weak layer is like a "soft rib", which is prone to plastic deformation under the action of pressure, and then causes instability of the surrounding rock mass. This not only threatens the overall safety of the gas storage structure, but also may damage the sealing system, causing gas leakage, seriously affecting the normal operation of the gas storage system and energy storage efficiency.

[0032] Achieving safe crossing of unfavorable geological structures for artificial chamber gas storage is of great engineering significance. This breakthrough means that during the site selection process, there is no longer a need to abandon large areas with construction potential due to concerns about geological defects. In the past, to avoid unfavorable geological problems such as faults and weak interlayers, many sites with obvious advantages in terms of geographical location and energy demand were forced to be excluded from the scope of options, severely limiting the spatial layout of gas storage. Now, if safe crossing of unfavorable geological conditions can be achieved, gas storage site selection will be freed from the rigid constraints of geological conditions and can be flexibly arranged based on multiple factors such as energy distribution, grid access, and transportation convenience, significantly improving the initiative and adaptability of project site selection.

[0033] At the same time, this technology has significantly improved the suitability of artificial chamber gas storage in complex geological conditions. Previously, gas storage construction was nearly impossible in areas with unfavorable geological structures. However, now, even in the face of geological defects such as faults and weak interlayers, stable and reliable gas storage construction can be achieved by employing appropriate safety crossing technologies. This breakthrough significantly broadens the boundaries of gas storage site selection, making areas previously considered "unsuitable" for construction feasible. This allows artificial chamber gas storage to more broadly adapt to diverse geological environments and meet the needs of energy storage projects in different scenarios.

[0034] This technological breakthrough has also greatly expanded the scope of engineering applications for underground gas storage in complex geological areas. my country's geological conditions are diverse and complex, and many areas with high energy demand are often accompanied by a large number of unfavorable geological structures. In the past, these geological obstacles made it difficult to construct artificial chamber gas storage in such areas, significantly limiting energy storage and peak-shaving capabilities. With the advent of safe crossing technology, underground gas storage can be built deep into complex geological areas, providing solid support for regional energy systems. Whether in mountainous areas with developed faults or basins with weak interlayers, artificial chamber gas storage can find suitable construction sites and fully utilize its energy storage and peak-shaving capabilities. This not only lays a solid foundation for the promotion of compressed air energy storage technology in a wider range of areas, but also provides valuable experience and technical reference for energy storage projects under complex geological conditions around the world.

[0035] In short, achieving the safe passage of artificial chamber gas storage through unfavorable geological structures such as faults and weak interlayers is a milestone technological breakthrough. This progress not only effectively resolves the geological challenges that have long constrained the layout and development of gas storage, but also takes a key step forward in its engineering application in energy systems, providing solid support for optimizing energy structure and the safe and stable operation of power systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments described in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the structure of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage passing through geological defects.

[0038] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of .

[0039] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the end plate.

[0040] Description of reference numerals:

[0041] 1. Geological defect layer; 2. Surrounding rock; 3. Front gas storage reservoir; 4. Rear gas storage reservoir; 5. Anchor rod; 6. Primary support of shotcrete; 7. Reinforced concrete secondary lining; 8. Concrete inclusion; 9. Connecting steel pipe; 10. End plate; 11. Tunnel wall sealing layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the structure of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir crossing a geological defect, where the existing geological defect layer 1 is located in the surrounding rock 2. This structure divides the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir into a front gas storage reservoir 3 and a rear gas storage reservoir 4. Specifically, in the structural system of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir crossing a geological defect, under the existing geological conditions, the geological defect layer 1 is like a hidden danger lying across the surrounding rock 2. This special structure builds a safe bridge, dividing the entire compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir into the front gas storage reservoir 3 and the rear gas storage reservoir 4, thereby achieving a stable transition and safe operation in the geological defect area.

[0045] The structure includes: system anchor rods 5, which are fixed on the surrounding rock 2 and the geological defect layer 1. Specifically, the system anchor rods 5 play an anchoring role. These anchor rods are not set randomly, but are fixed on the surrounding rock 2 and the geological defect layer 1 after geological survey and mechanical calculation. During the construction process, the layout position, quantity, length and diameter and other parameters of the anchor rods 5 must first be determined based on the distribution range and direction of the geological defect layer 1 and the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock 2. For the surrounding rock 2, the anchor rods 5 need to penetrate to a certain depth inside the stable rock mass to ensure that they can firmly grasp the solid surrounding rock and effectively transfer the external load to the deep stable rock mass; and for the geological defect layer 1, the anchor rods 5 must penetrate the broken rock mass or weak interlayer to tightly connect the originally loose and broken rock mass in the geological defect area with the relatively intact surrounding rock 2.

[0046] Each anchor rod 5 is made of high-strength, high-toughness steel, possessing excellent tensile and shear resistance, capable of withstanding the tremendous tensile and shear forces generated by pressure fluctuations during gas storage operation. During anchoring construction, a drilling device is used to drill a hole that meets the requirements at the predetermined location. The anchor rod 5 is then placed into the hole, and a high-performance anchoring agent is injected. The anchoring agent rapidly solidifies and hardens within the hole, forming the anchor rod 5, the surrounding rock 2, and the geological defect layer 1 into a single entity. This tightly holds the surrounding rock and geological defect layer, which would otherwise be separated and deformed inconsistently, effectively suppressing the deformation tendency of the geological defect layer 1 under repeated pressure loads, enhancing the integrity and stability of the entire structure, and providing solid mechanical support for the gas storage to safely pass through the geological defect area.

[0047] These anchor rods 5 together form a three-dimensional anchoring system, which cooperates with other subsequent structural components to resist the adverse effects of geological defects, ensure that the front gas storage reservoir 3 and the rear gas storage reservoir 4 can operate stably in complex geological environments, and provide reliable structural guarantees for the application of compressed air energy storage artificial chamber gas storage under complex geological conditions.

[0048] The shotcrete primary support 6, which is tightly attached to the inner sides of the surrounding rock 2 and the geological defect layer 1 via anchor rods 5, is an essential and critical component of the compressed air energy storage artificial chamber gas storage structure that crosses the geological defect. With the help of the deployed anchor rods 5, it fits tightly against the inner sides of the surrounding rock 2 and the geological defect layer 1, forming a solid protective barrier. This tight fit is not a simple contact, but rather, through the tension of the anchor rods 5, sufficient friction and restraint are generated between the shotcrete primary support 6 and the surrounding rock and geological defect layer, thereby effectively transferring and distributing the load, further enhancing the integrity of the entire structure.

[0049] Furthermore, the sprayed concrete primary support 6 includes concrete and a steel mesh. After the concrete wraps the steel mesh, the sprayed concrete primary support 6 is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock 2 and the geological defect layer 1. Specifically, the sprayed concrete primary support 6 is not a single concrete structure, but a composite structure composed of concrete and a steel mesh. Among them, the steel mesh is woven from steel bars with high strength and good ductility, and its mesh size is accurately calculated to ensure that stress can be evenly distributed to prevent local cracking of the sprayed concrete primary support during the stress process. During construction, the steel mesh is first fixed to the anchor rod 5 by tying or welding to ensure that the position of the steel mesh is accurate, firm and reliable. Subsequently, the evenly mixed concrete is sprayed on the steel mesh in a high-pressure spraying manner through a special spraying equipment, so that the concrete fully wraps every part of the steel mesh. After the concrete solidifies, the steel mesh and concrete form an organic whole. Like a skeleton, the steel mesh provides strong tensile and shear resistance for the shotcrete primary support 6. The concrete, with its excellent compressive properties, evenly transmits external pressure. The synergistic effect of the two greatly enhances the structural strength and stability of the shotcrete primary support 6. This sprayed primary support 6, formed through spraying, adheres tightly to the surface of the surrounding rock 2 and the geological defect layer 1. Whether it is the uneven surface of the surrounding rock or the broken and loose areas of the geological defect layer 1, they are fully filled and covered with concrete, effectively sealing the cracks and pores on the rock surface, preventing gas infiltration, and also preventing further weathering and spalling of the surrounding rock and the geological defect layer 1.

[0050] Furthermore, the sprayed concrete primary supports 6 are connected to the existing sprayed concrete primary supports of the front and rear gas reservoirs 3 and 4 and have the same thickness. Specifically, to ensure the continuity and consistency of the entire gas storage structure, the sprayed concrete primary supports 6 are seamlessly connected to the existing sprayed concrete primary supports of the front and rear gas reservoirs 3 and 4. At the connection point, rigorous construction techniques ensure a tight and secure bond, without gaps or weak links, allowing for smooth stress transfer at the connection and avoiding stress concentration. Furthermore, the thickness of the sprayed concrete primary supports 6 is the same as that of the existing sprayed concrete primary supports of the front and rear gas reservoirs. This design not only ensures the smoothness of the gas storage wall, facilitating smooth gas flow and reducing pressure loss, but more importantly, the uniform thickness ensures uniform structural stiffness throughout the gas storage. Under repeated gas pressure loads, deformation of each component remains consistent, preventing additional stress due to thickness differences. This further ensures the structural safety and stable operation of the gas storage when crossing geologically defective areas.

[0051] The reinforced concrete secondary lining 7 is located on the inner side of the shotcrete primary support 6. Specifically, the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7 serves as an important load-bearing layer in the structure of the compressed air energy storage artificial chamber gas storage reservoir crossing the geological defect. It fits tightly against the inner side of the shotcrete primary support 6, forming a more solid structural barrier. Relying on the flat foundation and preliminary support provided by the shotcrete primary support 6, it further enhances the structural strength and bearing capacity of the entire gas storage reservoir crossing section. By covering the surface of the surrounding rock and geological defect layer, the shotcrete primary support 6 creates a stable construction environment for the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7. On this basis, the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7, with its high compressive and tensile properties, bears most of the pressure loads generated during the gas storage process, and works in synergy with the shotcrete primary support 6 to jointly resist deformation and stress shocks that may occur in the geological defect area.

[0052] Furthermore, the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7 is connected to the existing reinforced concrete secondary linings of the front gas storage reservoir 3 and the rear gas storage reservoir 4 and has the same thickness.

[0053] Specifically, to ensure the overall structural continuity and uniform stress distribution of the gas storage reservoir, the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7 is tightly connected to the existing reinforced concrete secondary linings of the front and rear gas storage reservoirs 3 and 4. During the connection process, the connection ends of the existing reinforced concrete secondary linings of the front and rear gas storage reservoirs must be treated to remove surface slurry, debris, and other debris, exposing the solid concrete base and rebar. Subsequently, the rebar of the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7 is welded or mechanically connected to the reserved rebar of the existing reinforced concrete secondary linings of the front and rear gas storage reservoirs, ensuring that the strength of the connection node is no less than that of the rebar itself. During the concrete pouring process, concrete of the same strength grade as the existing reinforced concrete secondary lining is used, and the concrete density at the connection is ensured through vibration and other processes. This ensures that the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7 and the existing reinforced concrete secondary linings of the front and rear gas storage reservoirs form a seamless whole, avoiding any weak points at the connection and ensuring that the compressive load is smoothly transmitted throughout the gas storage structure.

[0054] At the same time, the thickness of the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7 is consistent with the existing reinforced concrete secondary linings of the front and rear gas storage reservoirs 3 and 4. This design is based on precise calculations in structural mechanics. The consistent thickness ensures that the structural rigidity of the gas storage's through section matches that of the preceding and following sections. Under repeated gas storage pressure loads, the deformation characteristics of each section converge, preventing stress concentration at the junction of the through section and the preceding and following sections due to thickness differences. This effectively avoids structural cracking and deformation caused by localized excessive stress. Furthermore, consistent thickness helps ensure the smoothness of the gas storage's inner wall, reducing resistance to gas flow caused by uneven inner wall surfaces, lowering pressure loss, and ensuring the gas storage efficiency and operational stability.

[0055] In summary, the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7, through its close cooperation with the shotcrete primary support 6 and its seamless connection and identical thickness design with the existing reinforced concrete secondary linings of the front and rear gas storage reservoirs, further improves the structural reliability and safety of the artificial chamber gas storage reservoir passing through geologically defective areas, providing a solid structural guarantee for the stable operation of the gas storage reservoir under complex geological conditions.

[0056] Concrete inclusion 8, located within the concrete inclusion, is a key reinforcement component of the compressed air energy storage facility's geological defect-crossing structure. It is cleverly positioned within the enclosed space it creates, forming a solid, integrated whole. This structure does not exist in isolation; rather, it is closely integrated with surrounding reinforced concrete secondary lining 7 and other structures, sharing the important responsibility of resisting the adverse effects of geological defects and ensuring the safe operation of the gas storage facility.

[0057] Furthermore, the length of the concrete inclusion 8 and the connecting steel pipe is greater than the length of the geological defect layer 1, and extends equidistantly along both ends of the geological defect layer 1, and the extension distance is 1 to 3 times the inner diameter of the gas storage reservoir.

[0058] Specifically, the concrete inclusions 8 and the connecting steel pipes have strict length design requirements; their lengths must be greater than the length of the geological defect layer 1. This is because the geological defect layer 1 itself is a structurally weak area, and simply covering this area is insufficient to ensure structural stability. Only by extending the concrete inclusions 8 and the connecting steel pipes into the intact surrounding rock area outside the geological defect layer 1 can the load borne by the geological defect layer 1 be effectively transferred to the surrounding stable rock mass, preventing excessive load concentration within the geological defect layer 1.

[0059] Furthermore, the concrete inclusions 8 and connecting steel pipes extend equidistantly along both ends of the geologically defective layer 1. This symmetrical extension design ensures balanced forces on both ends of the geologically defective layer 1, preventing structural tilt or deformation due to uneven forces. The extension distance is set between 1 and 3 times the reservoir's inner diameter, a value derived from extensive engineering practice and theoretical calculations. When the extension distance is 1 times the reservoir's inner diameter, basic load transfer requirements are met, limiting the impact of the geologically defective layer 1 to a certain range. When the extension distance reaches 3 times the reservoir's inner diameter, the bearing capacity of the surrounding stable rock mass is more fully utilized, further enhancing the safety and reliability of the structure. This length design avoids the ineffective load transfer caused by an extension that is too short, while also preventing material waste and increased construction costs caused by an extension that is too long, thus achieving an optimal balance between structural safety and economic efficiency.

[0060] Through such a design, the concrete inclusion 8 and the connecting steel pipe can form an organic whole with the surrounding rock and other structures, jointly resisting the repeated cycle of gas storage pressure loads, effectively responding to the risks of deformation, instability, etc. that may be brought about by the geological defect layer 1, and providing strong structural support for the artificial cavern gas storage to safely pass through the geological defect area.

[0061] The pipe shed 9 is evenly embedded in the concrete enclosure 8 and connects the front gas reservoir 3 and the rear gas reservoir 4 via connecting steel pipes 9. Specifically, the pipe shed 9 plays an important role as a connection and passageway in the entire structure. They are not placed randomly but are evenly embedded in the concrete enclosure 8. This uniform embedding method ensures uniform force between the connecting steel pipes 9 and the concrete enclosure 8, avoiding local stress concentration and thus ensuring the stability of the connection between the two. At the same time, these connecting steel pipes 9 connect the front gas reservoir 3 and the rear gas reservoir 4, allowing gas to flow smoothly between the two gas reservoirs and ensure the normal operation of the entire gas storage system.

[0062] Furthermore, the wall thickness of the connecting steel pipe 9 is calculated and determined based on the total gas storage pressure load borne by the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir. The inner diameter of the connecting steel pipe 9 is 70 to 150 cm, which is convenient for personnel and equipment to pass through and maintain.

[0063] Specifically, the wall thickness of the connecting steel pipe 9 is not set out of thin air, but is determined through rigorous calculations. Specifically, it is calculated based on the total gas storage pressure load borne by the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir. During the operation of the gas storage reservoir, the internal gas pressure will repeatedly change with the gas storage and power generation process. The connecting steel pipe 9, as a channel connecting the front and rear gas storage reservoirs, needs to withstand the effects of these pressure loads. Only by accurately calculating and determining the appropriate wall thickness can we ensure that the connecting steel pipe 9 will not deform, rupture, or other problems under long-term pressure loads, thereby ensuring its structural safety and sealing performance.

[0064] In addition, the inner diameter of the connecting steel pipe 9 is set to 70 to 150 cm. The selection of this size range has sufficient practical considerations. The inner diameter of 70 cm can meet the basic needs of personnel passage. When it is necessary to inspect, maintain, and perform other work inside the gas storage reservoir, staff can safely enter and exit through the connecting steel pipe 9; while the inner diameter of 150 cm provides convenience for the passage of equipment. Some small maintenance equipment can be transported to the area requiring maintenance through the connecting steel pipe 9, greatly improving the efficiency of maintenance work. Such an inner diameter design, while ensuring the structural strength of the connecting steel pipe 9, takes into account the convenience of personnel and equipment passage and maintenance, providing a strong guarantee for the daily operation and maintenance of the gas storage reservoir.

[0065] Through reasonable setting and design, the pipe roof 9 not only realizes the connection between the front gas storage reservoir 3 and the rear gas storage reservoir 4, ensuring the normal flow of gas, but also provides convenience for the maintenance work of the gas storage reservoir. At the same time, its wall thickness design also ensures safety under pressure load, and is an indispensable and important part of the entire structure.

[0066] The end plates 10 are located at both ends of the concrete inclusion 8 and are welded to both ends of the connecting steel pipe 9; the end plates 10 are provided with circular openings corresponding to the connecting steel pipes 9 one by one; specifically, the end plates 10 play a key role in connection and sealing in the structure of the compressed air energy storage artificial chamber gas storage reservoir crossing geological defects. They are respectively located at both ends of the concrete inclusion 8 and are firmly connected to both ends of the connecting steel pipe 9 by welding. This welding connection is not a simple surface fitting welding, but through precise operation, a tight and continuous weld is formed between the end plate 10 and the end of the connecting steel pipe 9, ensuring that there is no gap between the two, thereby effectively preventing gas leakage from the connection part and ensuring the sealing of the entire gas storage system.

[0067] The outer edge of the end plate 10 is connected to the cave wall sealing layer 11 of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir.

[0068] Furthermore, the thickness of the end plate 10 is 6 to 18 mm.

[0069] Specifically, the end plate 10 is provided with circular openings corresponding one-to-one with the connecting steel pipes 9. The dimensions of these circular openings are precisely calculated to match the outer diameter of the connecting steel pipes 9. This allows the connecting steel pipes 9 to pass smoothly through, while ensuring a good fit when the two are connected, facilitating subsequent welding operations and ensuring weld quality. The position of each circular opening is also strictly positioned to correspond one-to-one with the layout of the connecting steel pipes 9, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the structure.

[0070] The outer edge of the end plate 10 is connected to the cavern wall sealing layer 11 of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir. This connection also requires tightness and reliability. Through specialized sealing materials and connection processes, the outer edge of the end plate 10 and the cavern wall sealing layer 11 form an integrated sealing structure, further enhancing the gas storage reservoir's sealing performance, preventing gas leakage from the gap between the end plate and the cavern wall, and ensuring stable pressure inside the gas storage reservoir.

[0071] Furthermore, the thickness of the end fascia plate 10 is 6 to 18 mm. The determination of this thickness range is the result of comprehensive consideration of many factors. The thickness of 6 mm can provide basic structural strength for the end fascia plate 10, enabling it to withstand certain pressure loads and connection forces; while the thickness of 18 mm can ensure that the end fascia plate 10 will not be deformed or damaged when facing a larger pressure load, ensuring its stability during long-term use. At the same time, the appropriate thickness also facilitates the processing and welding operations of the end fascia plate, taking into account the convenience and economy of construction while meeting the structural performance requirements.

[0072] To sum up, the end plate 10 not only strengthens the integrity of the structure through a reasonable installation position, reliable connection method, precise opening design and effective connection with the cave wall sealing layer, but more importantly, it ensures the sealing performance of the gas storage. The design of its thickness also provides strong support for the stability of the structure and the convenience of construction. It is an indispensable and important part of the entire structure.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] A construction method, which is applicable to the structure of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir passing through geological defects recorded in the above embodiment 1, comprises:

[0075] S1. Install anchor rods 5. Specifically, before installing anchor rods, a detailed geological survey of the geological defect layer 1 and the surrounding rock mass 2 is required to clarify the nature, strength and distribution of geological defects of the rock mass, so as to determine the model, length, spacing and arrangement of the anchor rods 5. During construction, first use professional drilling equipment, such as a down-the-hole drill, to perform drilling operations according to the designed hole position and angle. During the drilling process, the drilling depth and hole diameter must be strictly controlled to ensure that they meet the design requirements. After the drilling is completed, clean the rock chips, dust and accumulated water in the hole. High-pressure air can be used for blowing to ensure that the hole is clean and dry. Next, place the anchor rod 5 in the borehole. The anchor rod 5 usually uses high-strength threaded steel, and its surface can be coated with an anti-corrosion coating to improve durability. Then, a special anchoring agent is injected into the hole through a grouting pump. The anchoring agent must fill the gap between the borehole and the anchor rod to ensure that the anchor rod is tightly bonded to the surrounding rock. During the solidification process of the anchoring agent, it is necessary to avoid disturbing the anchor rod. After the anchoring agent reaches the designed strength, the anchor rod 5 is installed. The anchor rod 5 can effectively anchor the surrounding rock 2 and the geological defect layer 1, providing a stable foundation for subsequent structural construction.

[0076] S2. Install the steel mesh and spray concrete to form the initial support 6 of the shotcrete. Specifically, after the anchor bolts 5 are installed and reach the design strength, the steel mesh is installed. The steel mesh should be constructed with steel bars of appropriate diameter and sufficient toughness. The mesh size is determined according to the design requirements, typically using a 10cm x 10cm or 15cm x 15cm mesh. When installing the mesh, lay it flat on the surface of the surrounding rock 2 and the geological defect layer 1. Secure the mesh to the exposed ends of the anchor bolts 5 with tying wire, ensuring the mesh adheres tightly to the rock surface. There should be no looseness, wrinkles, or overhangs. The overlap between adjacent meshes should be no less than 20cm to ensure uniform stress distribution. After the mesh is installed, the shotcrete process is carried out. Shotcrete is sprayed using either a dry or wet spraying process. The concrete material must meet the design strength grade and durability requirements. C25-C30 concrete is typically used, and an appropriate amount of accelerator is added to shorten the setting time. Use a concrete sprayer to spray concrete onto the steel mesh and rock surface at high pressure. The spraying sequence should be from bottom to top and from left to right, spraying evenly and keeping the thickness within the design range, generally 10-20cm. During the spraying process, pay attention to controlling the spraying angle and distance to avoid leaks, hollows or uneven thickness. After the spraying is completed, the sprayed concrete primary support 6 should be maintained in time. Water spraying can be used for moisturizing. The maintenance time should be no less than 7 days to ensure that the concrete strength can grow normally and form a solid sprayed concrete primary support 6.

[0077] S3. Tie the rebar and pour concrete to form the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7. Specifically, after the shotcrete primary support 6 reaches a certain strength, the rebar tying operation begins. The specifications, spacing, and layout of the rebar are determined according to the design drawings. HRB400-grade threaded steel is typically used. First, draw the rebar position lines on the surface of the shotcrete primary support 6, and then tie the rebar along these lines. During tying, secure the intersections of the rebar with tying wire to ensure the stability and integrity of the rebar skeleton. The lap length and anchorage length of the rebar must meet the design specifications. For tension-bearing rebar, the lap length should not be less than 35 times the rebar diameter. After the rebar skeleton is tied, it is inspected and accepted, including the specifications, quantity, spacing, and protective layer thickness of the rebar, to ensure compliance with the design requirements. After acceptance, the formwork is installed. The formwork can be steel or wooden, and its rigidity and stability must meet the pouring requirements. The formwork joints must be sealed to prevent leakage. Subsequently, concrete is poured, typically with a strength grade of no less than C30. Commercial concrete is used and delivered to the pouring site via a concrete pump. The pouring process is layered, with each layer no thicker than 50cm. Vibrators are used, inserting quickly and withdrawing slowly to ensure the concrete is densely vibrated and avoid defects such as honeycombing and rough surfaces. After pouring, the concrete is promptly covered and moisturized, and then cured for no less than 14 days. Once the concrete strength reaches at least 70% of the design strength, the formwork is removed, forming the reinforced concrete secondary lining.

[0078] S4. Install the connecting steel pipes 9. Specifically, after the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7 reaches the design strength, installation of the connecting steel pipes 9 begins. First, determine the location, quantity, and length of the connecting steel pipes 9 according to the design drawings. The connecting steel pipes 9 should be seamless steel pipes. The material must meet pressure-bearing and corrosion-resistant requirements. The inner diameter should be 70 to 150 cm, and the wall thickness should be determined based on the calculated gas storage pressure load. After the connecting steel pipes 9 are transported to the construction site, they are visually inspected to ensure they are free of defects such as cracks and dents. During installation, the connecting steel pipes 9 are hoisted to the desired location using lifting equipment and secured with temporary supports. The axis position and elevation of the steel pipes are adjusted to meet the design requirements. The steel pipes are connected by welding. Before welding, clean the joints of rust and impurities. During welding, ensure that the welds are full and continuous, free of defects such as slag inclusions and pores. After welding, perform non-destructive testing on the welds to ensure quality. During installation, ensure the straightness of the connecting steel pipes 9 to avoid bending or tilting. Provide temporary supports to prevent displacement during subsequent construction.

[0079] S5. Install the end plate 10. Weld the end plate 10 securely to the ends of the connecting steel pipe 9. Specifically, the end plate 10 is cut to the design dimensions and has a circular opening corresponding to the connecting steel pipe 9. The opening size matches the outer diameter of the connecting steel pipe 9. The finished end plate 10 is transported to the site for preparatory work before installation, cleaning the surface of the end plate from rust, oil, and other impurities. During installation, align the end plate 10 with the ends of the connecting steel pipe 9 and adjust its position so that it is perpendicular to the connecting steel pipe 9 and fits tightly. Then, arc weld the end plate 10 to the ends of the connecting steel pipe 9. First, perform a tack weld to ensure the end plate is positioned correctly, then perform a full weld. The weld height and length must meet the design requirements to ensure a secure and reliable weld. After welding is completed, perform a visual inspection and non-destructive testing on the weld. Any defects are repaired promptly to ensure there are no leaks between the end plate 10 and the connecting steel pipe 9.

[0080] S6. Use the end plate 10 and the connecting pipe as a template to cast concrete to form a concrete inclusion 8; specifically, after the end plate 10 and the connecting steel pipe 9 are installed and welded, use the end plate 10 and the connecting steel pipe 9 as a template to cast the concrete inclusion 8. First, clean the surface of the template to ensure that it is clean and free of debris, and seal the contact surface between the end plate 10 and the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7 to prevent leakage. Then, tie the structural steel bars of the concrete inclusion 8. The steel bar specifications and spacing are determined according to the design requirements, and are connected and fixed with the surrounding steel bars. Subsequently, pour concrete. The concrete strength grade is the same as that of the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7. It is poured by pumping. Layered vibration is also performed during the pouring process to ensure that the concrete is dense. After pouring is completed, it is promptly maintained. The maintenance method is the same as that of the reinforced concrete secondary lining 7. After the concrete strength reaches the design requirements, the concrete inclusion 8 is formed. At this time, the end plate 10 and the connecting steel pipe 9 are tightly wrapped by concrete to form an integral structure.

[0081] S7. The outer edge of the end plate 10 is connected to the cavern wall sealing layer 11 of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir. Specifically, after the concrete inclusion 8 reaches the design strength, the connection operation between the outer edge of the end plate 10 and the cavern wall sealing layer 11 is carried out. The cavern wall sealing layer 11 uses special sealing materials, such as sealant, rubber waterstop, etc. First, clean the surface of the connection between the outer edge of the end plate 10 and the cavern wall sealing layer 11 to ensure that it is flat and clean. Then, apply sealant to the connection part, fit the outer edge of the end plate 10 tightly to the cavern wall sealing layer 11, and fix it with bolts or strips to ensure that the connection is firm and the seal is tight. After the connection is completed, check the sealing effect and repair any gaps in time to ensure that the gas does not leak from the connection part, thereby completing the construction of the entire structure.

[0082] Certain exemplary embodiments of the present application have been described above by way of illustration, and it is to be understood that certain modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined in the following claims. Accordingly, the above description and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A structure of a compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir passing through a geological defect, wherein an existing geological defect layer (1) is located in a surrounding rock (2), and the structure divides the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir into a front gas storage reservoir (3) and a rear gas storage reservoir (4), characterized in that: The structure includes: A system anchor rod (5) is fixed on the surrounding rock (2) and the geological defect layer (1); The primary support of shotcrete (6) is closely attached to the inner side of the surrounding rock (2) and the geological defect layer (1) through the anchor rod (5); a reinforced concrete secondary lining (7) located inside the shotcrete primary support (6); a concrete inclusion (8), which is located within the concrete inclusion (8); A pipe shed (9) is uniformly embedded in the concrete inclusion (8) and connects the front gas storage reservoir (3) and the rear gas storage reservoir (4) via a connecting steel pipe (9); End gussets (10) are located at both ends of the concrete inclusion body (8) and are welded to both ends of the connecting steel pipe (9); the end gussets (10) are provided with circular openings corresponding to the connecting steel pipes (9); The outer edge of the end plate (10) is connected to the cave wall sealing layer (11) of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir.

2. The structure of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir passing through geological defects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sprayed concrete primary support (6) comprises concrete and a steel mesh. After the concrete wraps the steel mesh, the sprayed concrete primary support (6) is sprayed onto the surface of the surrounding rock (2) and the geological defect layer (1).

3. The structure of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir passing through geological defects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sprayed concrete primary support (6) is connected to the existing sprayed concrete primary supports of the front gas storage reservoir (3) and the rear gas storage reservoir (4) and has the same thickness.

4. The structure of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir passing through geological defects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The reinforced concrete secondary lining (7) is connected to the existing reinforced concrete secondary linings of the front gas storage (3) and the rear gas storage (4) and has the same thickness.

5. The structure of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir passing through geological defects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The length of the concrete inclusion and the connecting steel pipe is greater than the length of the geological defect layer (1), and extends equidistantly along both ends of the geological defect layer (1), with the extension distance being 1 to 3 times the inner diameter of the gas storage reservoir.

6. The structure of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir passing through geological defects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wall thickness of the connecting steel pipe (9) is determined by calculation based on the total gas storage pressure load borne by the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir. The inner diameter of the connecting steel pipe (9) is 70 to 150 cm, which is convenient for personnel and equipment to pass through and repair.

7. The structure of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir passing through geological defects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the end plate (10) is 6 to 18 mm.

8. A construction method, characterized in that: The construction method is applicable to the structure of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir passing through geological defects as described in claims 1-7, and the method comprises: S1, applying anchor rod (5); S2, hang steel mesh, spray concrete, and form the initial support of spray concrete (6); S3, tying steel bars and pouring concrete to form a reinforced concrete secondary lining (7); S4, installing the connecting steel pipe (9); S5. Install the end plate (10), and firmly weld the end plate (10) to both ends of the connecting steel pipe (9); S6, using the end plate (10) and the connecting pipe () as a template to cast concrete to form a concrete inclusion (8); S7. The outer edge of the end plate (10) is connected to the cave wall sealing layer (11) of the compressed air energy storage artificial cavern gas storage reservoir.

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