Automobile seat temperature control system based on single-chip microcomputer control

Abstract

The invention discloses an automobile seat temperature control system based on a single chip microcomputer. Temperature adjustment on the surface of an automobile seat is achieved through a semiconductor refrigeration technology. The system comprises a single-chip microcomputer control module, a temperature measuring circuit, a temperature setting and displaying circuit, a semiconductor chilling plate driving circuit and a PID control algorithm. The temperature measuring circuit reads the current seat temperature through a digital temperature sensor and adjusts the working state of the semiconductor chilling plate through a PID control algorithm to reach the set target temperature. The system solves the problem that a traditional automobile seat is uncomfortable to sit due to heat insulation, the thermal comfort of passengers can be remarkably improved, and the system is environmentally friendly and efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to automobile seat temperature regulation technology, specifically to an automobile seat temperature control system based on single-chip microcomputer control, which adopts semiconductor refrigeration technology and PID control algorithm to achieve temperature regulation and improve the thermal comfort of passengers. Background Art

[0002] Most existing car seats lack temperature control, leading to stuffiness and discomfort on passengers' backs due to seat insulation. Traditional car seats use air conditioning to regulate the cabin temperature, but air conditioning cannot address excessive seat surface temperatures. Semiconductor cooling technology, with its refrigerant-free, noise-free, and highly reliable features, offers an effective solution to this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a single-chip microcomputer-based automotive seat temperature control system. The system's core is a single-chip microcomputer control module, which uses a PID control algorithm to adjust the temperature. The system includes a temperature measurement circuit (using a digital temperature sensor), a temperature setting and display circuit, and a semiconductor cooling chip driver circuit. Users can input a target temperature via a keystroke. The system automatically adjusts the temperature and displays the current temperature in real time via a digital display. The temperature control system controls the seat surface temperature by adjusting the operating status of the semiconductor cooling chip, improving passenger thermal comfort. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0004] Figure 1 : Overall block diagram of the car seat temperature control system;

[0005] Figure 2 : Temperature measurement circuit design diagram;

[0006] Figure 3 : Temperature setting and display circuit design diagram;

[0007] Figure 4 : Schematic diagram of semiconductor refrigeration chip driving circuit;

[0008] Figure 5 : PID control algorithm flow chart;

[0009] Figure 6 : Temperature measurement circuit subroutine flow chart. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The car seat temperature control system based on a single chip microcomputer of the present invention mainly includes the following modules:

[0011] 1. System hardware composition

[0012] 1. Microcontroller control module

[0013] This module is the core of the entire temperature control system, using the STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer as the control core. The microcontroller uses the real-time temperature signal measured by the temperature sensor as input, calculates the control signal using the PID control algorithm, and outputs the corresponding adjustment value to control the drive circuit of the semiconductor cooling plate.

[0014] The microcontroller is also responsible for receiving input signals from the temperature setting circuit, displaying the current temperature, and making real-time adjustments to the temperature control system based on the target temperature value entered by the user.

[0015] 2. Temperature measurement circuit

[0016] The temperature measurement circuit uses a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor. The DS18B20 communicates with the microcontroller via a single bus protocol, accurately reading the seat surface temperature and converting it into a digital signal.

[0017] The DS18B20 has a measurement range of -55°C to +125°C, with an accuracy of up to ±0.5°C. By reading the sensor data, the microcontroller can obtain the current seat temperature in real time for subsequent temperature control decisions.

[0018] 3. Temperature setting and display circuit

[0019] The temperature setting circuit consists of four buttons and a digital tube display circuit. The button circuit is used by the user to input the target temperature. The desired temperature is set by interacting with the button circuit through the I / O port of the microcontroller.

[0020] The digital tube display circuit displays the current seat temperature and the user-set target temperature in real time. A 74HC573 latch and a four-digit common-anode digital tube combine to create a dynamic display, providing clear and intuitive temperature information. During the temperature setting process, the buttons increase or decrease the setpoint, and the digital tube displays the current set temperature.

[0021] 4. Semiconductor Refrigeration Chip Drive Circuit

[0022] The semiconductor refrigeration chip uses the TEC1-12706 model. The circuit consists of a PWM control circuit and a MOSFET drive circuit. The PWM signal is output through the microcontroller, and the duty cycle is proportional to the working intensity of the semiconductor refrigeration chip.

[0023] The specific workflow is as follows: The microcontroller generates a PWM signal through the T0 and T1 timers to adjust the on / off state of the MOSFET field-effect transistors, thereby controlling the current flowing through the semiconductor cooler. The magnitude of this current directly affects the cooling efficiency of the cooler. Furthermore, when the temperature drops too low, the cooler's power is automatically reduced or shut down to prevent passenger discomfort caused by excessive cooling.

[0024] 5. PID control algorithm

[0025] This invention utilizes an incremental PID control algorithm, whose primary function is to regulate the operating state of the semiconductor cooler to maintain the seat temperature near the set point. The PID control algorithm calculates the output control signal based on the difference (i.e., error) between the current temperature and the target temperature. This algorithm precisely regulates the current flowing through the cooler, ensuring smoother temperature changes and preventing overcooling or overheating.

[0026] 2. Workflow

[0027] 1. Temperature measurement

[0028] After the user presses the set button, the microcontroller reads the current temperature data of the DS18B20 temperature sensor and displays the current seat temperature in real time through the digital tube.

[0029] 2. Temperature setting and adjustment

[0030] The user enters the desired target temperature through the key, and the microcontroller compares the target temperature with the current temperature and calculates the temperature difference (error).

[0031] 3. PID control and regulation

[0032] Based on the difference between the target temperature and the current temperature, the microcontroller uses a PID control algorithm to calculate a control signal and adjust the operating current of the semiconductor cooler. If the current temperature is higher than the set value, the system increases the cooler's operating intensity to reduce the seat temperature. If the current temperature is lower than the set value, the system reduces the cooler's operating intensity to prevent overcooling.

[0033] 4. Real-time display and feedback

[0034] The temperature control system displays the current temperature in real time through a digital tube. Users can check the seat surface temperature at any time and adjust the target temperature through buttons.

[0035] 5. Automatic adjustment and protection

[0036] During system operation, the temperature is continuously monitored and automatically adjusted to ensure that the seat surface temperature remains within the range set by the user and does not overcool or overheat.

[0037] 3. System Advantages

[0038] Precise adjustment: Based on PID control algorithm, temperature control is more precise, avoiding the fluctuation problem of traditional temperature control system.

[0039] High efficiency and energy saving: Semiconductor refrigeration chips have no moving parts and do not use refrigerants, and have the advantages of low energy consumption, environmental protection and low noise.

[0040] Easy to use: users can set the target temperature by pressing buttons, and the real-time temperature is displayed through the digital tube. The operation is simple and intuitive.

[0041] Highly integrated: The system is modularly designed with good hardware and software compatibility, suitable for a variety of vehicle models and different temperature control requirements.

Claims

1. A car seat temperature control system based on a single chip microcomputer, characterized in that: include: Single chip microcomputer control module, used for calculating and outputting temperature adjustment signals; Temperature measurement circuit, which reads the current seat temperature through a digital temperature sensor; Temperature setting and display circuit, used to set the target temperature and display the current temperature; Semiconductor refrigeration chip drive circuit, used to control the working state of the semiconductor refrigeration chip (TEC1-12706); PID control algorithm is used to calculate the control signal according to the temperature deviation and adjust the working state of the refrigeration plate.

2. The temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single chip microcomputer control module adopts STC89C52 single chip microcomputer.

3. The temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensor adopts DS18B20 digital temperature sensor.

4. The temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PID control algorithm is an incremental PID control algorithm.

Images