Distributed roof photovoltaic module maximum generating capacity arrangement method and system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and discloses a distributed roof photovoltaic module maximum generating capacity arrangement method and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the position information and image information of a project location, and carrying out the calculation to obtain a solar altitude angle and a solar azimuth angle; calculating to obtain a shadow union set according to the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun; based on the shadow union set, obtaining an available area of the final arrangeable component; and after the available area is obtained, carrying out optimal position arrangement on the photovoltaic module by taking the maximum generating capacity and the highest coverage rate as targets. According to the distributed roof photovoltaic module maximum generating capacity arrangement method, on the premise that design safety is guaranteed, the photovoltaic module arrangement design period can be greatly shortened, and the land utilization rate and the generating efficiency can be further improved through algorithm optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and specifically relates to a method and system for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the installed capacity of distributed rooftop photovoltaic power stations has been increasing year by year with the support of national policies. However, the core aspect of the construction of distributed rooftop photovoltaic power stations—the layout design of photovoltaic modules—still mainly relies on traditional manual design methods.

[0003] The traditional photovoltaic module design and layout process mainly includes the following four steps: 1. Site survey and data collection: obtaining information such as site topography, landforms, building distribution, and solar radiation conditions; 2. Preliminary design planning: calculating the layout spacing and number of modules based on site boundaries and design requirements, and consulting design specifications; 3. Shading analysis and optimization: adjusting the module spacing to reduce shading through calculation or experience; 4. Construction drawing preparation: converting the design scheme into drawings usable for actual construction.

[0004] The traditional design methods mentioned above have the following problems: 1. Low design efficiency: Manual adjustment of the scheme requires repeated iterations, especially when facing irregular sites, which involves a large workload; 2. Fixed rules: The design relies heavily on experience and cannot make full use of the advantages of modern optimization algorithms; 3. Insufficiently optimized results: Limited by manual calculation capabilities, the optimal arrangement of components cannot be guaranteed; 4. Difficult to scale up: As the scale of photovoltaic power plants expands, the traditional design and layout methods cannot meet the needs of large-scale design.

[0005] Distributed rooftop photovoltaic (PV) power generation projects are numerous and geographically dispersed. In the early stages of construction, rooftop surveys are required to determine the roof's shape and area before manual layout design. This process is not only inefficient but also carries the risk of falls during on-site rooftop surveys. Therefore, how to efficiently and intelligently implement distributed rooftop PV design tasks and meet the survey and layout requirements of distributed rooftop PV power stations is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules, so as to solve the problem of low efficiency in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules, comprising: Obtain the location and image information of the project site, and calculate the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle; The union of shadows is calculated based on the sun's altitude and azimuth angles; Based on the union of shadows, the final available area for deployable components is obtained; Once the available area is determined, the photovoltaic modules are optimally positioned to maximize power generation and coverage.

[0008] Furthermore, obtaining the location information and image information of the project site includes: Location information includes the longitude and latitude of the project site, as well as parameters for calculating the azimuth, solar altitude angle, and solar azimuth angle; Image information includes image data of the project site. Based on the image data, a 3D image is generated using a 3D modeling method, and the roof area is identified in the image.

[0009] Furthermore, the calculation of the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle includes: The formula for calculating true solar time is:

[0010] in, Local longitude; Local time zone; Local time; As the revolution correction factor, the formula for calculating the hour angle of Beijing time is obtained:

[0011] The formula for calculating the solar altitude angle is:

[0012] in, Indicates the solar altitude angle. The solar declination is the latitude of the sun. Indicates the geographical latitude of the location. denoted by local solar hour angle, sin represents the sine function, and n represents the nth day of the year; The formula for calculating the solar azimuth angle is: .

[0013] Furthermore, the calculation of the shadow union based on the sun's altitude and azimuth angles includes: Based on the sun's altitude and azimuth, the range of the sun's shadow produced by external obstructions on the roof during a preset period on the winter solstice is calculated, as well as the range of shadows cast by all obstructions of height on the roof. The ranges during this period are then combined to form a shadow union.

[0014] Furthermore, the process of obtaining the final available area for arranging components based on the union of shadows includes: Set the roof obstacles as unusable areas, and exclude the unusable areas and shadowed areas from the entire roof to obtain the final usable area where components can be placed.

[0015] Furthermore, after obtaining the available area, the optimal placement of photovoltaic modules is determined with the goal of maximizing power generation and achieving the highest coverage, including: After obtaining the available area, a greedy algorithm is used to arrange the photovoltaic modules in the optimal positions with the goal of maximizing power generation and coverage. The optimal arrangement position of the first module is calculated. For corrugated steel roofs, the arrangement direction is along the ridge line to both sides; for concrete roofs, the arrangement direction is from the north to the south.

[0016] Furthermore, the greedy algorithm, which aims to maximize power generation and coverage, calculates the optimal placement of photovoltaic modules, including: The power generation and coverage rate are combined into a comprehensive objective function, which is represented by assigned weights: Objective function:

[0017] Where Z is the value of the comprehensive objective function; These are the weighting coefficients, and P i Let C be the power generation of the i-th component; C is the coverage rate. ; Constraints:

[0018] Place the component in the selected location and mark the area as occupied. Update the available area and remove the occupied part. Calculate the next optimal placement location for the component, using the goal of maximizing power generation and coverage.

[0019] Secondly, the present invention provides a distributed rooftop photovoltaic module power generation maximization layout system, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire location information and image information of the project site, and calculate the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle; The shadow calculation module is used to calculate the union of shadows based on the sun's altitude and azimuth angles. The available area acquisition module is used to obtain the final available area for deployable components based on the shadow union; The layout output module is used to determine the optimal location of photovoltaic modules after obtaining the available area, with the goal of maximizing power generation and coverage.

[0020] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules.

[0021] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: This invention employs a distributed rooftop photovoltaic module layout method to maximize power generation. Under the premise of ensuring design safety, it can not only greatly shorten the photovoltaic module layout design cycle, but also further improve land utilization and power generation efficiency through algorithm optimization.

[0023] The greedy arrangement method for maximizing power generation adopted in this invention can ensure that the photovoltaic modules achieve the optimal power generation arrangement strategy within a limited area. This invention establishes an automated photovoltaic module layout scheme suitable for distributed rooftop photovoltaic power stations, realizing automated design of photovoltaic modules and significantly reducing design time by using digital methods.

[0024] This invention can improve the design efficiency of distributed rooftop photovoltaic power stations and maximize land utilization and power generation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the layout of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules to maximize power generation according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the algorithm for maximizing power generation based on a greedy algorithm, as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 This invention provides a method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules, comprising: Obtain the location and image information of the project site, and calculate the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle; The union of shadows is calculated based on the sun's altitude and azimuth angles; Based on the union of shadows, the final available area for deployable components is obtained; Once the available area is determined, the photovoltaic modules are optimally positioned to maximize power generation and coverage.

[0028] This invention employs a distributed rooftop photovoltaic module layout method to maximize power generation. Under the premise of ensuring design safety, it can not only greatly shorten the photovoltaic module layout design cycle, but also further improve land utilization and power generation efficiency through algorithm optimization.

[0029] Example 2: This invention provides a method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules, comprising: 1. Obtain project site information, mainly the longitude and latitude of the project site. With this information, we can find out the solar radiation resources of the site, and at the same time obtain the parameters for calculating the azimuth angle, solar altitude angle, and solar azimuth angle. 2. Use drones to fly over and take relevant image data of the project site, and use 3D modeling to generate 3D images, marking the roof area in the images; 3. Calculate the project's azimuth, solar altitude angle, and solar azimuth angle, etc. The formula for calculating true solar time is:

[0030] in, Local longitude; The time zone is the local time zone (China uses time zone 8); Local time; This is the orbital correction factor; if the orbital correction factor is ignored... The formula for calculating the hour angle of Beijing time can be obtained as follows:

[0031] The formula for calculating the solar altitude angle is:

[0032] in, Indicates the solar altitude angle. The solar declination is the latitude of the sun. Indicates the geographical latitude of the location. denoted by , sin represents the sine function, and n represents the nth day of the year.

[0033] The formula for calculating the solar azimuth angle is:

[0034] 4. Based on the sun's altitude and azimuth angles, the range of shadows cast by external roof obstructions from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM on the winter solstice, as well as the shadow ranges of all obstructions of height on the roof, can be calculated separately. The union of these ranges during this time period represents the shadow range to be considered in the design. Roof obstacles are then designated as unusable areas. After excluding unusable and shadowed areas from the entire roof, the final usable area for component placement is obtained. An algorithm is used to highlight the defined area. 5. After obtaining the available area, use a greedy algorithm that aims to maximize power generation and coverage to determine the optimal placement of photovoltaic modules, selecting the optimal placement for the first module. Note that if the roof is made of corrugated steel sheet, the placement direction is along the ridge line to both sides. If it is concrete, the placement direction is from the north side to the south side. 6. The layout is complete, and the layout result is displayed.

[0035] Greedy algorithm for maximizing power generation, such as Figure 2 As shown: 1. Based on the UAV's 3D image and shadow algorithm, the specific dimensions of the roof to be arranged can be obtained, and this information can be used as input for subsequent calculations in the algorithm; 2. Determine the available area and the dimensions (length l, width w) of the photovoltaic modules to be installed, and use an algorithm to highlight the defined area; 3. Calculate the area of ​​all rooftops where photovoltaic modules can be installed, for example, let L (installation area length) and W (installation area width); 4. Select the optimal layout location for the first component based on the goal of maximizing power generation and achieving the highest coverage. The power generation and coverage rate are combined into a single objective function, and their importance is represented by assigning weights: Objective function: (4) Where Z is the value of the comprehensive objective function; The weighting coefficients (and In this patent, we initially set the power generation coefficient to 0.5 and the coverage coefficient to 0.5, assuming that power generation and coverage have equal weight. i Let C be the power generation of the i-th component; C is the coverage rate ( ) Constraints:

[0036] 5. Place the component in the selected location, mark the area as occupied, update the available area, and remove the occupied portion; 6. Using the goal of maximizing power generation and achieving the highest coverage, calculate the optimal placement of the next component. Compare the placement with the area defined by the algorithm in step 2 to see if the available area is used up. If it is used up, end the placement process. If the available area is not reached, continue the loop to step 5 until all available areas are placed.

[0037] 7. Finish the layout and output the results.

[0038] In another embodiment of the present invention, a distributed rooftop photovoltaic module power generation maximization arrangement system is provided, which can be used to implement the above-mentioned distributed rooftop photovoltaic module power generation maximization arrangement method. Specifically, the system includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire location information and image information of the project site, and calculate the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle; The shadow calculation module is used to calculate the union of shadows based on the sun's altitude and azimuth angles. The available area acquisition module is used to obtain the final available area for deployable components based on the shadow union; The layout output module is used to determine the optimal location of photovoltaic modules after obtaining the available area, with the goal of maximizing power generation and coverage.

[0039] The module division in this embodiment of the invention is illustrative and represents only one logical functional division. In actual implementation, other division methods may be used. Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the invention can be integrated into a single processor, exist as separate physical entities, or be integrated into a single module. The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules.

[0040] In another embodiment of the present invention, a computer device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor executes the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing and control core of the terminal, suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions in the computer storage medium to achieve a corresponding method flow or corresponding function. The processor described in this embodiment of the present invention can be used in the operation of a method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules.

[0041] In another embodiment of the present invention, a storage medium is provided, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (Memory), which is a memory device in a computer device used to store programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both the built-in storage medium in the computer device and extended storage media supported by the computer device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space that stores the operating system of the terminal. Furthermore, the storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by a processor. These instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program code). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be high-speed RAM or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. The processor can load and execute one or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to implement the corresponding steps of the method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules in the above embodiments.

[0042] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0043] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0044] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0045] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, include: Obtain the location and image information of the project site, and calculate the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle; The union of shadows is calculated based on the sun's altitude and azimuth angles; Based on the union of shadows, the final available area for deployable components is obtained; Once the available area is determined, the photovoltaic modules are optimally positioned to maximize power generation and coverage.

2. The method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of location information and image information of the project site includes: Location information includes the longitude and latitude of the project site, as well as parameters for calculating the azimuth, solar altitude angle, and solar azimuth angle; Image information includes image data of the project site. Based on the image data, a 3D image is generated using a 3D modeling method, and the roof area is identified in the image.

3. The method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculations yield the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle, including: The formula for calculating true solar time is: in, Local longitude; Local time zone; Local time; As the revolution correction factor, the formula for calculating the hour angle of Beijing time is obtained: The formula for calculating the solar altitude angle is: in, Indicates the solar altitude angle. The solar declination is the latitude of the sun. Indicates the geographical latitude of the location. denoted by local solar hour angle, sin represents the sine function, and n represents the nth day of the year; The formula for calculating the solar azimuth angle is: 。 4. The method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the shadow union based on the sun's altitude and azimuth angles includes: Based on the sun's altitude and azimuth, the range of the sun's shadow produced by external obstructions on the roof during a preset period on the winter solstice is calculated, as well as the range of shadows cast by all obstructions of height on the roof. The ranges during this period are then combined to form a shadow union.

5. The method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method of obtaining the final usable area for placement components based on shadow union includes: Set the roof obstacles as unusable areas, and exclude the unusable areas and shadowed areas from the entire roof to obtain the final usable area where components can be placed.

6. The method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, After obtaining the available area, the optimal placement of photovoltaic modules is determined with the goal of maximizing power generation and coverage, including: After obtaining the available area, a greedy algorithm is used to arrange the photovoltaic modules in the optimal positions with the goal of maximizing power generation and coverage. The optimal arrangement position of the first module is calculated. For corrugated steel roofs, the arrangement direction is along the ridge line to both sides; for concrete roofs, the arrangement direction is from the north to the south.

7. The method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules according to claim 6, characterized in that, The greedy algorithm, which aims to maximize power generation and coverage, calculates the optimal placement of photovoltaic modules. The calculation of the optimal placement for the first module includes: The power generation and coverage rate are combined into a comprehensive objective function, which is represented by assigned weights: Objective function: Where Z is the value of the comprehensive objective function; These are the weighting coefficients, and P i Let C be the power generation of the i-th component; C is the coverage rate. ; Constraints: Place the component in the selected location and mark the area as occupied. Update the available area and remove the occupied part. Calculate the next optimal placement location for the component, using the goal of maximizing power generation and coverage.

8. A distributed rooftop photovoltaic module layout system for maximizing power generation, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire location information and image information of the project site, and calculate the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle; The shadow calculation module is used to calculate the union of shadows based on the sun's altitude and azimuth angles. The available area acquisition module is used to obtain the final available area for deployable components based on the shadow union; The layout output module is used to determine the optimal location of photovoltaic modules after obtaining the available area, with the goal of maximizing power generation and coverage.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the distributed rooftop photovoltaic module power generation maximization arrangement method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method for maximizing the power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic modules as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images