Double-layer back-silting observation device for collecting suspended load and bed load

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-layer back-silting observation device for collecting suspended load and bed load, which is placed in a river channel and comprises a first back-silting box for recycling suspended load and a second back-silting box for recycling bed load, the first back-silting box is arranged above the second back-silting box, and the second back-silting box is arranged above the first back-silting box. Collecting openings are formed in the top of the first back-silting box and the top of the second back-silting box, and the first back-silting box and the second back-silting box are connected through a connecting piece, so that a flowing gap allowing bed load and water to flow is formed between the first back-silting box and the second back-silting box. By the adoption of the technical scheme, suspended load is collected through the first back-silting box, flowing of bed load and water is facilitated through the flowing gap, so that the bed load is conveniently collected through the second back-silting box, the first back-silting box and the second back-silting box are matched, the bed load and the suspended load are collected at the same time, and the collecting efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the suspended load and the bed load are collected at the same position, so that the observation precision can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of river channel siltation observation, in particular to a double-layer siltation observation device for collecting suspended load and bed load. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the operation management of a waterway and the construction of a immersed tunnel, the sediment is re-deposited in the construction area due to the influence of upstream and downstream water and sediment, and a siltation layer is formed. When the thickness of the siltation layer reaches a certain level, the construction will be affected. Such problems are mainly caused by the excavation of the riverbed, which changes the original topography and affects the water and sediment movement conditions, resulting in siltation in the construction area. Therefore, it is crucial to master the siltation situation in the construction area.

[0003] At present, the main methods for monitoring riverbed siltation are instrument scanning and siltation box sampling. However, the current siltation box sampling can only collect suspended load deposition, and in fact, there is usually a certain amount of bed load in estuary areas. Therefore, it is necessary to collect both suspended load and bed load to accurately analyze the siltation situation in the construction area.

[0004] How to more accurately and conveniently collect suspended load and bed load has become a problem that needs to be solved. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the application is to provide a double-layer siltation observation device for collecting suspended load and bed load to improve the problem of difficult simultaneous accurate and convenient collection of suspended load and bed load.

[0006] The double-layer siltation observation device for collecting suspended load and bed load provided by the application adopts the following technical solution: A double-layer siltation observation device for collecting suspended load and bed load is placed in a river channel, comprising a first siltation box for recovering suspended load and a second siltation box for recovering bed load. The first siltation box is arranged above the second siltation box. The top of each of the first siltation box and the second siltation box is provided with a collection opening. The first siltation box and the second siltation box are connected by a connecting piece to form a flow gap for the flow of bed load and water between the first siltation box and the second siltation box.

[0007] By using the above technical solution, the suspended load is collected by the first siltation box, and the bed load and water flow through the flow gap, thereby facilitating the collection of the bed load by the second siltation box. The first siltation box and the second siltation box cooperate to simultaneously collect the bed load and the suspended load, improving the collection efficiency. At the same time, since the suspended load and the bed load are collected at the same position, the observation accuracy can be improved.

[0008] Optionally, the base and the support are further included, the first and second silt boxes are placed on the support, and the self-balancing mechanism for making the support tend to be horizontal is arranged between the base and the support.

[0009] Through the above technical solution, after the base is placed in the river, the support is automatically balanced by the self-balancing mechanism, and then the first and second silt boxes are kept horizontal, so as to facilitate the collection of suspended and moving matters and improve the collection accuracy.

[0010] Optionally, the self-balancing mechanism includes a plurality of support legs, each of the support legs includes a sleeve rod and a shaft rod, a sleeve cavity is arranged on the sleeve rod, one end of the shaft rod is hingedly connected with the base, the other end of the shaft rod is inserted into the sleeve cavity, and the end of the sleeve rod away from the shaft rod is hingedly connected with the support; the sleeve cavity is filled with balancing liquid, the plurality of sleeve cavities are connected through a plurality of flow pipes, the bottom of the support is connected with a liquid storage box, the liquid storage box is in communication with the plurality of sleeve cavities, and a self-locking assembly is arranged between the sleeve rod and the shaft rod, so that the sleeve rod can only move towards the shaft rod.

[0011] Through the above technical solution, the balancing liquid is arranged in the plurality of sleeve cavities, and the plurality of sleeve cavities are connected, so that the liquid level in the sleeve cavities gradually tends to be flat under the action of pressure, the height of the sleeve rod tends to be equal, and then the support tends to be horizontal, and the self-locking assembly makes the sleeve rod only move towards the shaft rod, so as to reduce the possibility of repeated fluctuation of the height of the support leg, and the liquid storage box can store the balancing liquid overflowing from the sleeve cavity, so as to keep the liquid level in the plurality of sleeve cavities flat.

[0012] Optionally, the self-locking assembly includes a clamping tooth and a clamping pawl, the clamping tooth is arranged on the shaft rod, the clamping tooth is arranged to be inclined towards the base, and a plurality of clamping teeth are arranged along the axial direction of the shaft rod; an installation groove is arranged on the side wall of the sleeve cavity, a rotating shaft is arranged on the side wall of the installation groove, the clamping pawl is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the clamping pawl is used to clamp the clamping tooth to prevent the sleeve rod from moving towards the support; a torsional spring is sleeved on the rotating shaft, one end of the torsional spring is connected with the groove wall of the installation groove, the other end of the torsional spring is connected with the clamping pawl, and the torsional spring applies a torsional force to the clamping pawl to make the clamping pawl rotate towards the clamping tooth.

[0013] Through the above technical solution, the clamping pawl and the clamping tooth cooperate to prevent the sleeve rod from moving upwards, and then the height of the plurality of sleeve rods gradually tends to be consistent.

[0014] Optionally, the bottom of the base is connected with a soft bag, and the soft bag is filled with a non-Newtonian fluid.

[0015] Through the above technical solution, the soft bag can fit the uneven river bottom, so as to improve the stability of the base, and the non-Newtonian fluid filled in the soft bag can absorb the impact and fit the river bottom.

[0016] Optionally, the bracket is connected with buoyancy balls, the buoyancy balls are arranged in an array along the circumference of the bracket, the buoyancy generated by all the buoyancy balls is greater than the gravity of the bracket and less than the gravity of the base.

[0017] By using the above technical scheme, the bracket is in a floating state by the buoyancy balls, and then cooperates with the balance liquid to better and more stably realize self-balancing of the bracket, and improve the collection accuracy of the first and second silt return boxes.

[0018] Optionally, a folding bellows is connected between the base and the bracket, the folding bellows, the base and the bracket form a closed space, and the self-balancing mechanism is arranged in the closed space.

[0019] By using the above technical scheme, the closed space is formed by the folding bellows, and the folding bellows can change the distance between the base and the bracket.

[0020] Optionally, the width of the first silt return box gradually decreases from the middle to both sides, the second silt return box has the same shape as the first silt return box, and the length direction of the first and second silt return boxes is consistent with the water flow direction.

[0021] By the above technical scheme, the shell of the first and second silt return boxes is set to be streamlined, which can greatly reduce water flow resistance, prevent excessive suspended sediment deposition, and reduce the possibility of affecting the collection of bed load.

[0022] Optionally, four limiting rods are arranged on the bracket, and the first and second silt return boxes are clamped between the four limiting rods.

[0023] By using the above technical scheme, the first and second silt return boxes are limited by the limiting rods, and then the first and second silt return boxes are placed.

[0024] Optionally, a rotating rod is rotatably connected to the first silt return box, and a push rod is connected to the rotating rod.

[0025] By the above technical scheme, when the suspended garbage in the river flows to the first silt return box, the suspended garbage first contacts the push rod, and then the rotating rod rotates, so that the suspended garbage is brought to one side of the first silt return box, reducing the possibility of the suspended garbage falling into the first silt return box.

[0026] In summary, the present application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The first silt return box collects suspended load, the flow gap facilitates the flow of bed load and water, thereby facilitating the collection of bed load by the second silt return box, the first and second silt return boxes cooperate to simultaneously collect bed load and suspended load, improve collection efficiency, and at the same time, since the suspended load and the bed load are collected at the same position, the observation accuracy can be improved. 2. After the base is placed in the river, the support is automatically balanced by the self-balancing mechanism, so that the first and second silt collecting boxes remain horizontal, facilitating the collection of suspended and bed load, thereby improving the collection accuracy; 3. By setting balance liquid in the multiple sleeve cavities and connecting the multiple sleeve cavities, the liquid level in the sleeve cavities gradually tends to be flat under the action of pressure, so that the height of the sleeve rods tends to be equal, thereby making the support tend to be horizontal, while the self-locking assembly makes the sleeve rods only move towards the shaft, reducing the possibility of repeated fluctuations in the height of the support legs, and the liquid storage box can store the balance liquid overflowing from the sleeve cavities, facilitating the liquid level in the multiple sleeve cavities to be flat, in addition, the pawl and the teeth cooperate to prevent the sleeve rod from moving upwards, thereby facilitating the height of the multiple sleeve rods to gradually tend to be consistent; 4. The soft bag facilitates the fitting of the uneven river bottom, thereby improving the stability of the base placement, and the non-Newtonian fluid filled in the soft bag facilitates the absorption of impact and also facilitates the fitting of the river bottom; 5. The buoyant ball facilitates the support to be in a floating state, thereby cooperating with the balance liquid to better and more stably achieve the self-balancing of the support, improving the collection accuracy of the first and second silt collecting boxes; 6. The folding bellows facilitate the formation of a closed space, and the folding bellows can change the distance between the base and the support; 7. The outer shell of the first and second silt collecting boxes is set to be streamlined, which can greatly reduce water flow resistance, prevent excessive suspended sediment deposition, and reduce the possibility of affecting bed load collection; 8. When the suspended garbage in the river flows to the first silt collecting box, the suspended garbage first contacts the push rod, and then the rotating rod rotates, so that the suspended garbage is brought to one side of the first silt collecting box, reducing the possibility of the suspended garbage falling into the first silt collecting box. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a sectional view of the double-layer silt collecting and observing device in the present application, which embodies the collection of suspended and bed load.

[0028] Figure 2 is a structural view of the support leg in the present application.

[0029] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a local enlarged view of part A in the present application.

[0030] Figure 4 is a sectional view of the self-locking assembly in the present application.

[0031] In the figure, 1, base; 11, soft bag; 2, support; 21, buoyancy ball; 22, limiting rod; 3, first back silting box; 31, rotating rod; 32, push rod; 33, filter screen; 4, second back silting box; 41, connecting piece; 5, supporting leg; 51, sleeve rod; 52, shaft rod; 53, liquid storage box; 54, flow pipe; 55, self-locking assembly; 551, clamping tooth; 552, clamping jaw; 553, rotating shaft; 554, torsional spring; 6, folding bellows. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings. These drawings show only the essential features of the application and are therefore not to scale. They show, in:

[0033] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, features defined as "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be connected inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] Example one In a first aspect, the present application discloses a double-layer back silting observation device for collecting suspended load and movable load.

[0035] A double-layer back silting observation device for collecting suspended load and movable load, with reference to Figures 1 to 4The utility model relates to a riverbed sediment collection device, which is placed in a river channel and comprises a base 1 and a support 2, wherein the support 2 is provided with a first sediment recovery box 3 for recovering suspended load and a second sediment recovery box 4 for recovering bed load, the first sediment recovery box 3 is arranged above the second sediment recovery box 4, the top of each of the first sediment recovery box 3 and the second sediment recovery box 4 is provided with a collection opening, and the first sediment recovery box 3 and the second sediment recovery box 4 are connected through a connecting piece 41 to form a flow gap for the flow of bed load and water therebetween. In use, the suspended load is collected through the first sediment recovery box 3, the bed load and water flow through the flow gap, and thus the bed load is collected through the second sediment recovery box 4. The first sediment recovery box 3 and the second sediment recovery box 4 are matched to simultaneously collect the bed load and the suspended load, thereby improving the collection efficiency. Moreover, since the bed load and the suspended load are collected at the same position, the observation accuracy is improved.

[0036] The base 1 and the support 2 are further provided with a self-balancing mechanism for making the support 2 tend to be horizontal. After the base 1 is placed in the river channel, the support 2 is automatically balanced through the self-balancing mechanism, and thus the first sediment recovery box 3 and the second sediment recovery box 4 remain horizontal, which facilitates the collection of the suspended load and the bed load and improves the collection accuracy.

[0037] Specifically, the self-balancing mechanism comprises a plurality of support legs 5. In the embodiment, the support legs 5 are four in number. Each support leg 5 comprises a sleeve rod 51 and a shaft rod 52. The sleeve rod 51 is provided with a sleeve cavity. One end of the shaft rod 52 is ball-jointed with the base 1, and the other end is inserted into the sleeve cavity. The end of the sleeve rod 51 away from the shaft rod 52 is ball-jointed with the support 2. The sleeve cavity is provided with a balancing liquid. The shaft rod 52 and the sleeve cavity are sealed by a piston to prevent the balancing liquid from leaking. The plurality of sleeve cavities are connected through a plurality of flow pipes 54. The support 2 is fixedly connected with a liquid storage box 53, which is in communication with the plurality of sleeve cavities. A self-locking assembly 55 is arranged between the sleeve rod 51 and the shaft rod 52 to enable the sleeve rod 51 to move only towards the shaft rod 52. The balancing liquid can be water or hydraulic oil.

[0038] By arranging the balancing liquid in the plurality of sleeve cavities and connecting the plurality of sleeve cavities, the liquid levels in the sleeve cavities gradually tend to be the same under the action of pressure, and thus the heights of the sleeve rods 51 tend to be the same, and the support 2 tends to be horizontal. Meanwhile, the self-locking assembly 55 enables the sleeve rod 51 to move only towards the shaft rod 52, which reduces the possibility of repeated fluctuation of the heights of the support legs 5. The liquid storage box 53 can store the balancing liquid overflowing from the sleeve cavities, thereby facilitating the liquid levels in the plurality of sleeve cavities to be the same.

[0039] More specifically, the self-locking assembly 55 comprises a plurality of clamping teeth 551 fixed on the shaft 52 and arranged in an array along the axial direction of the shaft 52, and a clamping jaw 552 arranged on the shaft 552 and configured to clamp the clamping teeth 551 to prevent the sleeve rod 51 from moving upward relative to the support 2. In addition, the clamping jaw 552 is sleeved on a rotating shaft 553 arranged on the side wall of the sleeve cavity, and the rotating shaft 553 is arranged on the side wall of the mounting groove. The clamping jaw 552 is configured to clamp the clamping teeth 551 to prevent the sleeve rod 51 from moving upward relative to the support 2. In addition, a torsional spring 554 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 553, one end of the torsional spring 554 is connected to the side wall of the mounting groove, and the other end of the torsional spring 554 is connected to the clamping jaw 552. The torsional spring 554 applies a torsional force to the clamping jaw 552 to make the clamping jaw 552 rotate towards the clamping teeth 551. By cooperation of the clamping jaw 552 and the clamping teeth 551, the upward movement of the sleeve rod 51 is prevented, and the heights of the plurality of sleeve rods 51 gradually tend to be consistent. At the same time, the torsional spring 554 makes the clamping jaw 552 contact the back surface of the clamping teeth 551, so that when the sleeve rod 51 moves downward, the clamping jaw 552 can pass over the clamping teeth 551, and if the sleeve rod 51 moves upward, the clamping jaw 552 is clamped by the front surface of the clamping teeth 551. In the embodiment, the front surface of the clamping teeth 551 is the bottom surface of the clamping teeth 551, and the back surface of the clamping teeth 551 is the top surface of the clamping teeth 551.

[0040] In order to facilitate the placement of the base 1, a soft bag 11 is connected to the bottom of the base 1, and the soft bag 11 is filled with a non-Newtonian fluid. The soft bag 11 is convenient to fit the uneven riverbed, thereby improving the stability of the placement of the base 1. At the same time, the non-Newtonian fluid filled in the soft bag 11 is convenient to absorb impact and also convenient to fit the riverbed. The non-Newtonian fluid can be a starch aqueous solution.

[0041] In addition, a plurality of buoyancy balls 21 are fixedly connected to the support 2, and the buoyancy balls 21 are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the support 2. The buoyancy generated by all the buoyancy balls 21 is greater than the weight of the support 2 and less than the weight of the base 1. The buoyancy balls 21 facilitate the support 2 to be in a floating state, thereby cooperating with the balance liquid to better and more stably achieve self-balancing of the support 2, and improve the collection accuracy of the first and second silt return boxes 3 and 4. The buoyancy balls 21 can be foam blocks or hollow balls.

[0042] In order to reduce the influence of the environment on the self-balancing mechanism, a folding bellows 6 is connected between the base 1 and the support 2, the folding bellows 6, the base 1 and the support 2 form a closed space, and the self-balancing mechanism is arranged in the closed space. The folding bellows 6 facilitates the formation of the closed space, and at the same time, the folding bellows 6 can change the distance between the base 1 and the support 2. The folding bellows 6 can be detachably connected to the base 1 or the support 2 by bolts or clamping.

[0043] The width of the first silt box 3 gradually decreases from the middle to both sides to form a streamlined shape. The second silt box 4 has the same shape as the first silt box 3, and the length direction of the first silt box 3 and the second silt box 4 is consistent with the direction of the water flow. The streamlined shape of the outer shell of the first silt box 3 and the second silt box 4 can greatly reduce water flow resistance, prevent excessive suspended sediment deposition, and reduce the impact on the collection of bed load.

[0044] The support 2 is provided with four limiting rods 22, and the first silt box 3 and the second silt box 4 are clamped between the four limiting rods 22. The limiting rods 22 facilitate the limiting of the first silt box 3 and the second silt box 4, and further facilitate the placement of the first silt box 3 and the second silt box 4. The second silt box 4 is fixedly connected with the support 2, and the connection mode can be bolted or clamped, as long as the second silt box 4 can be temporarily fixed with the support 2. The support 2 and the base 1 are both fixedly connected with lifting rings to facilitate the lifting of the support 2 and the base 1.

[0045] The first silt box 3 is rotatably connected with a rotating rod 31, and the rotating rod 31 is arranged on the front side of the first silt box 3 and faces the direction of the water flow. The rotating rod 31 is fixedly connected with a push rod 32. When the suspended garbage in the river flows to the first silt box 3, the suspended garbage first contacts the push rod 32, and then the rotating rod 31 rotates, so that the suspended garbage is brought to one side of the first silt box 3, reducing the possibility of the suspended garbage falling into the first silt box 3. The top of the first silt box 3 and the second silt box 4 is also provided with a filter screen 33, which further prevents the suspended garbage from entering the first silt box 3 or the second silt box 4.

[0046] Working principle: The first silt box 3 collects suspended load, and the flow gap facilitates the flow of bed load and water, thereby facilitating the collection of bed load by the second silt box 4. The first silt box 3 and the second silt box 4 cooperate to simultaneously collect bed load and suspended load, improve collection efficiency, and improve observation accuracy as the suspended load and the bed load are collected at the same position.

[0047] After the base 1 is placed in the river, the support 2 is automatically balanced by the self-balancing mechanism, and the first silt box 3 and the second silt box 4 are kept horizontal, which facilitates the collection of suspended load and bed load, thereby improving the collection accuracy.

[0048] By setting the balancing liquid in the plurality of sleeve cavities and making the plurality of sleeve cavities communicate, the liquid level in the sleeve cavities will gradually tend to be leveled under the action of pressure, so that the height of the sleeve rods 51 tends to be equal, and the support legs 5 tend to be leveled, while the self-locking assembly 55 makes the sleeve rods 51 only move towards the shaft rod 52, reducing the possibility of repeated fluctuations in the height of the support legs 5, and the liquid storage box 53 can store the balancing liquid overflowing in the sleeve cavities, facilitating the leveling of the liquid level in the plurality of sleeve cavities, and in addition, the pawl 552 cooperates with the teeth 551 to prevent the sleeve rods 51 from moving upwards, thereby facilitating the gradual equalization of the height of the plurality of sleeve rods 51.

[0049] The soft bag 11 facilitates the fitting of the uneven riverbed, thereby improving the stability of the placement of the base 1, and the non-Newtonian fluid filled in the soft bag 11 facilitates the absorption of impact and also facilitates the fitting of the riverbed.

[0050] The buoyancy ball 21 facilitates the floating of the support 2, thereby cooperating with the balancing liquid to better and more stably achieve the self-balancing of the support 2, thereby improving the collection accuracy of the first and second silt return boxes 3 and 4.

[0051] The embodiments of the specific embodiments are the preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not limited to the protection scope of the present application, wherein the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A double-layer sedimentation observation device for collecting suspended sediment and bedload sediment, placed in a river channel, characterized in that, It includes a first sludge box (3) for recovering suspended sediment and a second sludge box (4) for recovering bedload. The first sludge box (3) is located above the second sludge box (4). The top of both the first sludge box (3) and the second sludge box (4) are provided with collection openings. The first sludge box (3) and the second sludge box (4) are connected by a connector (41) so that a flow gap for bedload and water flow is formed between the first sludge box (3) and the second sludge box (4).

2. The double-layer sedimentation observation device for collecting suspended sediment and bedload sediment according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a base (1) and a support (2), the first sludge return box (3) and the second sludge return box (4) are both placed on the support (2), and a self-balancing mechanism for making the support (2) tend to be horizontal is provided between the base (1) and the support (2).

3. The double-layer sedimentation observation device for collecting suspended sediment and bedload sediment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The self-balancing mechanism includes multiple support legs (5), each of the support legs (5) includes a sleeve rod (51) and a shaft rod (52). The sleeve rod (51) is provided with a sleeve cavity. One end of the shaft rod (52) is ball-jointed with the base (1), and the other end is inserted into the sleeve cavity. The end of the sleeve rod (51) away from the shaft rod (52) is ball-jointed with the bracket (2). The sleeve cavity is provided with a balancing fluid, and the multiple sleeve cavities are connected to each other through multiple flow tubes (54). The bottom of the bracket (2) is connected to a liquid storage box (53), and the liquid storage box (53) is connected to multiple sleeve cavities at the same time. A self-locking component (55) is provided between the sleeve rod (51) and the shaft rod (52) so that the sleeve rod (51) can only move toward the shaft rod (52).

4. The double-layer sedimentation observation device for collecting suspended sediment and bedload sediment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The self-locking assembly (55) includes a locking tooth (551) and a locking claw (552). The locking tooth (551) is disposed on the shaft (52) and is inclined toward the base (1). Multiple locking teeth (551) are arranged along the axial direction of the shaft (52). The side wall of the sleeve cavity is provided with an installation groove, and a rotating shaft (553) is installed on the side wall of the installation groove. The claw (552) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (553). The claw (552) is used to lock the tooth (551) to prevent the sleeve rod (51) from moving towards the bracket (2). A torsion spring (554) is fitted on the rotating shaft (553). One end of the torsion spring (554) is connected to the groove wall of the mounting groove, and the other end is connected to the pawl (552). The torsion spring (554) applies a torque to the pawl (552) to make the pawl (552) rotate toward the pawl tooth (551).

5. A double-layer sedimentation observation device for collecting suspended sediment and bedload sediment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the base (1) is connected to a soft bladder (11), which is filled with a non-Newtonian fluid.

6. The double-layer sedimentation observation device for collecting suspended sediment and bedload sediment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bracket (2) is connected to a buoyancy ball (21), and there are multiple buoyancy balls (21) arranged in a circumferential array along the bracket (2). The buoyancy generated by all the buoyancy balls (21) is greater than the weight of the bracket (2) and less than the weight of the base (1).

7. A double-layer sedimentation observation device for collecting suspended sediment and bedload sediment according to claim 6, characterized in that: A folded corrugated pipe (6) is connected between the base (1) and the support (2), and a closed space is formed between the folded corrugated pipe (6), the base (1) and the support (2), and the self-balancing mechanism is located in the closed space.

8. A double-layer sedimentation observation device for collecting suspended sediment and bedload sediment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The width of the first silt return box (3) gradually decreases from the middle to both sides. The shape of the second silt return box (4) is the same as that of the first silt return box (3). The length direction of the first silt return box (3) and the second silt return box (4) is consistent with the water flow direction.

9. A double-layer sedimentation observation device for collecting suspended sediment and bedload sediment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bracket (2) is provided with four limiting rods (22), and the first sludge return box (3) and the second sludge return box (4) are locked between the four limiting rods (22).

10. A double-layer sedimentation observation device for collecting suspended sediment and bedload sediment according to claim 7, characterized in that: A rotating rod (31) is rotatably connected to the first sludge return box (3), and a lever (32) is connected to the rotating rod (31).

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