Method and apparatus for measurement based on low power signal in wireless communication system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. A method of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system includes determining an on-off keying (OOK) waveform for a low power synchronization signal (LP-SS), and determining at least one of an LP-SS reference signal received power (LP-RSRP), an LP-SS reference signal received quality (LP-RSRQ), an LP-SS received signal strength indicator (LP-RSSI), and an LP-SS signal to noise and interference ratio (LP-SINR) based on the LP-SS. The determined at least one of the LP-RSRP, the LP-RSRQ, the LP-RSSI, and the LP-SINR is based on a segment having a non-zero value in the OOK waveform of the LP-SS. The method further includes performing, using a low power receiver (LR) of the UE, a first radio resource management (RRM) measurement based on the LP-SS.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for measurement based on a low power signal. BACKGROUND

[0002] 5G mobile communication technologies define wide frequency bands to allow high transmission rates and new services and are implemented not only in "Sub 6 GHz" bands but also in "Above 6 GHz" bands (mmWave), e.g., 28 GHz and 39 GHz. To mitigate a propagation path loss and increase a propagation distance in the above 6 GHz bands, technologies of beamforming, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and combinations of them are used. In addition, to mitigate a change in the channel state, technologies of adaptive transmission techniques, such as cloud radio access network (RAN) and / or coordinated multi-points (CoMPs), are developed. To improve network infrastructure, technical development, such as evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) new radio (NR) dual connectivity (EN-DC), NR-NR DC, and combinations of them, is under way.

[0003] At the time when the development of 5G mobile communication technologies starts, there are ongoing standardization efforts regarding technologies for mitigating radio-wave path loss and increasing radio-wave transmission distances in mmWave, such as beamforming and massive MIMO, dynamic operation supporting numerologies (e.g., operating multiple subcarrier spacings) and slot formats for efficient utilization of mmWave resources, initial access techniques for supporting multi-beam transmission and wideband, definition and operation of bandwidth parts (BWPs), new channel coding and modulation (C / M) methods, such as low-density parity check (LDPC) for large amounts of transmission of data and polar code for highly reliable transmission of control information, L2 pre-processing, and network slicing for providing a dedicated network customized for a specific service.

[0004] Currently, in view of services to be supported by 5G mobile communication technologies, there are ongoing discussions regarding improvements and performance enhancements of initial 5G mobile communication technologies, and there are ongoing standardization efforts regarding physical layer technologies, such as V2X (vehicle-to-everything), for determining a driving decision of an autonomous vehicle based on information about a position and a state of a vehicle transmitted by the vehicle and for enhancing user convenience, NR-U (new radio-unlicensed) for system operation in compliance with various regulatory requirements within unlicensed bands, NR UE power saving, non-terrestrial network (NTN) for providing coverage in areas where terrestrial networks cannot be communicated with as UE-satellite direct communication, and positioning.

[0005] Further, in the air interface architecture / protocol, standardization is ongoing regarding technologies such as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) supporting new services through interworking and convergence with other industries, IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul) for providing a node for network service area expansion by supporting a wireless backhaul link and an access link in an integrated manner, mobility enhancement including conditional handover and DAPS (Dual Active Protocol Stack) handover, and two-step random access (two-step random access channel (RACH) for NR) for simplifying a random access procedure. Standardization is also ongoing in terms of system architecture / service regarding 5G baseline architecture (e.g., service based architecture or service based interface) for coupling with network function virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN) technologies, and mobile edge computing (MEC) for receiving services based on UE location.

[0006] As 5G mobile communication systems are commercialized, connected devices, which have increased exponentially, will be connected to communication networks, and thus it is expected that enhanced functionality and performance of 5G mobile communication systems and integrated operation of connected devices will be necessary. For this reason, new research is scheduled, involving extended reality (XR) for efficiently supporting AR (Augmented Reality), VR (Virtual Reality), MR (Mixed Reality), etc., 5G performance improvement and complexity reduction by utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), AI service support, metaverse service support, and drone communication.

[0007] Further, such development of 5G mobile communication systems will serve as a basis for developing not only new waveforms for providing coverage in terahertz bands for 6G mobile communication technologies, multi-antenna transmission techniques such as Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and large-scale antennas, metamaterial-based lenses and antennas for improving coverage of terahertz band signals, high-dimensional space multiplexing techniques using OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum), and RISs (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces), but also full-duplex techniques for increasing frequency efficiency of 6G mobile communication technologies and improving system networks, AI-based communication techniques for utilizing satellites and AI (Artificial Intelligence) from the design stage to enable system optimization and internalize end-to-end AI support functions, and next-generation distributed computing techniques for enabling services by utilizing super-high-performance communication and computing resources at complexity levels exceeding UE operation capabilities. SUMMARY

[0008] SOLUTION TO PROBLEM

[0009] The disclosure relates to a wireless communication network, and more particularly to a terminal in a wireless communication system and a communication method thereof.

[0010] According to an aspect of the disclosure, a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The UE includes a transceiver; a low power receiver (LR); and a processor operably coupled to the transceiver and the LR. The processor is configured to determine an on-off keying (OOK) waveform for a low power synchronization signal (LP-SS), and determine at least one of a LP-SS reference signal received power (LP-RSRP), a LP-SS reference signal received quality (LP-RSRQ), a LP-SS received signal strength indicator (LP-RSSI), and a LP-SS signal to noise and interference ratio (LP-SINR) based on the LP-SS. The determined at least one of the LP-RSRP, the LP-RSRQ, the LP-RSSI, and the LP-SINR is based on a segment having a non-zero value in the OOK waveform of the LP-SS. The LR is further configured to perform a first radio resource management (RRM) measurement based on the LP-SS.

[0011] Advantages of the Invention

[0012] Aspects of the disclosure are to address at least the above-mentioned problems and / or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described below. Accordingly, an aspect of the disclosure is to provide an efficient communication method in a wireless communication system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals represent like parts:

[0014] Figure 1 shows an example wireless network, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0015] Figure 2 shows an example gNodeB (gNB), in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0016] Figure 3 shows an example user equipment (UE), in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figure 4A shows an example of a wireless transmit path, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 4B shows an example of a wireless receive path, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 5 shows an example of a transmitter structure for beamforming, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 6A flow diagram illustrating an example UE procedure for radio resource management (RRM) measurements according to embodiments of the disclosure is shown;

[0021] Figure 7 Various hardware components of a UE according to embodiments disclosed herein are shown; and

[0022] Figure 8 Various hardware components of a base station according to embodiments disclosed herein are shown;

[0023] Throughout the drawings, it should be noted that like reference numbers are used to depict the same or similar elements, features, and structures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Aspects of the disclosure are to address at least the above-mentioned problems and / or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described below. Accordingly, an aspect of the disclosure is to provide a terminal in a wireless communication system and a communication method thereof.

[0025] The disclosure relates to measurements based on low power signals.

[0026] In one embodiment, a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. The UE includes a transceiver; a low power receiver (LR); and a processor operably coupled to the transceiver and the LR. The processor is configured to determine an on-off keying (OOK) waveform for a low power synchronization signal (LP-SS), and determine at least one of a LP-SS reference signal received power (LP-RSRP), a LP-SS reference signal received quality (LP-RSRQ), a LP-SS received signal strength indicator (LP-RSSI), and a LP-SS signal to noise and interference ratio (LP-SINR) based on the LP-SS. The determined at least one of the LP-RSRP, the LP-RSRQ, the LP-RSSI, and the LP-SINR is based on a segment of the OOK waveform of the LP-SS having a non-zero value. The LR is further configured to perform a first radio resource management (RRM) measurement based on the LP-SS.

[0027] In another embodiment, a method of a UE in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes determining an OOK waveform for a LP-SS, and determining at least one of a LP-RSRP, a LP-RSRQ, a LP-RSSI, and a LP-SINR based on the LP-SS. The determined at least one of the LP-RSRP, the LP-RSRQ, the LP-RSSI, and the LP-SINR is based on a segment of the OOK waveform of the LP-SS having a non-zero value. The method further includes performing a first RRM measurement based on the LP-SS using a LR of the UE.

[0028] In yet another embodiment, a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system is provided. The BS includes a processor configured to determine an OOK waveform for a LP-SS; and configure a UE to perform a first RRM measurement based on the LP-SS. The first RRM measurement based on the LP-SS is at least one of a LP-RSRP, a LP-RSRQ, a LP-RSSI, and a LP-SINR. The LP-RSRP, the LP-RSRQ, the LP-RSSI, or the LP-SINR is based on a segment having a non-zero value in the OOK waveform of the LP-SS. The BS further includes a transceiver operably coupled to the processor. The transceiver is configured to transmit the LP-SS to the UE.

[0029] Before undertaking a detailed description of the foregoing, it can be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain terms and phrases used throughout this patent document. The term “coupled” and its derivatives refer to any direct or indirect communication between two or more elements, whether or not those elements are in physical contact with one another. The terms “transmit,” “receive,” and “communicate,” as well as derivatives thereof, encompass both direct and indirect communication. The terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation. The term “or” is inclusive, meaning and / or. The phrase “associated with,” as well as derivatives thereof, means any connection by itself, including, but not limited to, being included within, being interconnected with, containing, comprising, being annexed to or by, interposing between, coupling to or with, being able to be communicated with, cooperating with, being interwoven with, being bound to or with, having, having a property of, having relations with, among others. The term “controller” means any device, system or part thereof that controls at least one operation. Such a controller can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software and / or firmware. The functionality associated with any particular controller can be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. The phrase “at least one of” when used with a list of items means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items can be used and only one item from the list can be needed. For example, “at least one of A, B, and C” includes A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C.

[0030] Moreover, various functions described below can be implemented or supported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed from computer readable program code. The terms "application" and "program" refer to one or more computer programs, software components, sets of instructions, procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or a portion thereof. The phrase "computer readable program code" includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code, and executable code. The phrase "computer readable medium" includes any type of media capable of being accessed by a computer, such as read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a hard disk drive, a compact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), or any other type of memory. A "non-transitory" computer readable medium excludes wired, wireless, optical, or other communication links. Non-transitory computer readable media include media where data is permanently stored and media where data is stored and later overwritten, such as a rewritable optical disc or an erasable memory device.

[0031] Definitions for other certain words and phrases are provided throughout this patent document. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that in many, if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

[0032] Modes for the Invention

[0033] The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of various embodiments of the present disclosure as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the various embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions can be omitted for clarity and conciseness.

[0034] The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to the bibliographical meanings, but, are merely used to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of various embodiments of the present disclosure is provided for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0035] It should be understood that the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a component surface" includes reference to one or more of such surfaces.

[0036] Before undertaking a detailed description of the foregoing, it can be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain terms and phrases used throughout this patent document. The term “coupled” and its derivatives refer to any direct or indirect communication between two or more elements, whether or not those elements are in physical contact with one another. The terms “transmit,” “receive,” and “communicate,” as well as derivatives thereof, encompass both direct and indirect communication. The terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation. The term “or” is inclusive, meaning and / or. The phrase “associated with,” as well as derivatives thereof, means any of the following: includes, is included in, interconnects with, contains, is contained within, connects to or with, couples to or with, is communicable with, cooperates with, inter-leaves, is interposed between, is bound to or with, has a property of, has a relationship to or with, or has an interaction with. The term “controller” means any device, system or part thereof that controls at least one operation. Such a controller can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software and / or firmware. The functionality associated with any particular controller can be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. The phrase “at least one of” when used with a list of items means that any of the listed items can be utilized in some combination, and that “at least one of” can be utilized to indicate that a list of items means at least one of one or more of the items in the list can be used, but also can be utilized to indicate more than one of an item in the list of items can be used. For example, “at least one of A, B, and C” includes: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C.

[0037] Moreover, various functions described below can be implemented or supported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed from computer readable program code and embodied in a computer readable medium. The terms “application” and “program” refer to one or more computer programs, software components, sets of instructions, procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or portions thereof applicable for implementation on a suitable computer readable program code. The phrase “computer readable program code” includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code, and executable code. The phrase “computer readable medium” includes any type of medium capable of being accessed by a computer, such as read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a hard disk drive, a compact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), or any other type of memory. A “non-transitory” computer readable medium excludes wired, wireless, optical, or other communication links. Non-transitory computer readable media include media where data is permanently stored and media where data is stored and later overwritten, such as a rewritable optical disc or an erasable memory device.

[0038] The terms used in the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure herein are not intended to limit and / or to define the scope of the present disclosure. For example, unless otherwise defined, a technical term or a scientific term used in the present disclosure should have its ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs.

[0039] It should be understood that the "first", "second", and the like similar words used in the present disclosure do not represent any order, number, or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components.

[0040] As used herein, any reference to "example", "implementation", "embodiment" means that a particular element, feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The phrases "in one embodiment" or "in one example" appearing in various places in the specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment.

[0041] As used herein, "a part of" something means "at least some" of that thing, and thus can mean less than all or all of the thing. Thus, "a part of" a thing includes, as a special case, the entire thing, i.e., the entire thing is an example of a part of the thing.

[0042] As used herein, the term "set" means one or more. Thus, a set of items can be a single item or a collection of two or more items.

[0043] In the present disclosure, expressions such as "greater than" or "less than" are used as an example in order to determine whether a certain condition is satisfied or not, and expressions such as "greater than or equal to" or "less than or equal to" are also applicable and are not excluded. For example, a condition defined with "greater than or equal to" can be replaced with "greater than" (or vice versa), a condition defined with "less than or equal to" can be replaced with "less than" (or vice versa), and the like.

[0044] It will be further understood that similar words such as the term "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word encompass the listed elements or objects appearing after the word and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects. Similar words such as "connected" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship can change accordingly.

[0045] Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of the present disclosure can be implemented in any suitably arranged wireless communication system. For example, although the following detailed description of embodiments of the present disclosure will be directed to LTE and / or 5G communication systems, those skilled in the art will understand that the gist of the present disclosure can also be applied to other communication systems having similar technical backgrounds and channel formats with slight modifications without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, and for example, the communication system can include a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) system, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, an LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, an LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) system, a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication system, a 5th-Generation (5G) system or a New Radio (NR) system, etc. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to future-oriented communication technologies. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to future-oriented communication technologies.

[0046] In order to meet the increasing demand for wireless data communication services since the deployment of 4G communication systems, efforts have been made to develop improved 5G or pre-5G communication systems. Therefore, 5G or pre-5G communication systems are also referred to as "beyond 4G networks" or "post LTE systems."

[0047] The following discussion Figures 1-8 The principles of the present disclosure described in this patent document are merely illustrative and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of the present disclosure can be implemented in any suitably arranged system or device.

[0048] In order to meet the increasing demand for wireless data traffic since the deployment of 4G communication systems, and to facilitate various vertical applications, 5G / NR communication systems have been developed and are currently being deployed. 5G / NR communication systems are implemented in higher frequency (mmWave) bands, such as 28 GHz or 60 GHz bands, so as to implement higher data rates, or in lower bands, such as 6 GHz, to implement robust coverage and mobility support. In order to reduce the propagation loss of radio waves and increase the transmission distance, beamforming, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, analog beamforming, large-scale antenna technology are discussed in 5G / NR communication systems.

[0049] In addition, in 5G / NR communication systems, development for system network improvement is underway based on advanced small cells, cloud radio access networks (RANs), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul, moving networks, cooperative communication, coordinated multi-points (CoMP), reception-end interference cancellation and the like.

[0050] The discussion of 5G systems and frequency bands associated therewith is for reference as certain embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in 5G systems. However, the present disclosure is not limited to 5G systems or frequency bands associated therewith, and embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in conjunction with any frequency band. For example, aspects of the present disclosure can also apply to 5G communication systems, 6G or even later versions of deployment that can use terahertz (THz) bands.

[0051] The following documents and standards descriptions are hereby incorporated by reference into the present disclosure as if fully set forth herein: [1] 3GPP TS 38.211 v17.1.0, “NR; Physical channels and modulation;” [2] 3GPP TS 38.212 v17.1.0, “NR; Multiplexing and Channel coding;” [3] 3GPP TS 38.213 v17.1.0, “NR; Physical Layer Procedures for Control;” [4] 3GPP TS 38.214 v17.1.0, “NR; Physical Layer Procedures for Data;” and [5] 3GPP TS 38.331 v17.1.0, “NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol Specification.”

[0052] The following Figures 1-3 Various embodiments are described that are implemented in wireless communication systems and with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) or Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication techniques. Figures 1-3 The description of the following

[0053] Figure 1 An example wireless network 100 according to an embodiment of the disclosure is shown. Figure 1The embodiment of wireless network 100 shown is for illustration only. Other embodiments of the wireless network 100 can be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0054] As shown, wireless network 100 includes a gNB 101 (e.g., base station, BS), a gNB 102, and a gNB 103. gNB 101 communicates with the gNB 102 and the gNB 103. gNB 101 also Figure 1 communicates with at least one network 130, such as the Internet, a proprietary Internet Protocol (IP) network, or other data network.

[0055] The gNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for a first plurality of user equipment (UE) within a coverage area 120 of the gNB 102. The first plurality of UEs includes a UE 111, which can be located in a small business; a UE 112, which can be located in an enterprise; a UE 113, which can be a WiFi hotspot; a UE 114, which can be located in a first residence; a UE 115, which can be located in a second residence; and a UE 116, which can be a mobile device, such as a cell phone, a wireless laptop computer, a wireless PDA, and so on. The gNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for a second plurality of UEs within a coverage area 125 of the gNB 103. The second plurality of UEs includes the UE 115 and the UE 116. In some embodiments, one or more of the gNBs 101-103 can communicate with each other and with the UEs 111-116 using 5G / NR, Long Term Evolution (LTE), Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A), WiMAX, WiFi, or other wireless communication techniques.

[0056] Depending on the network type, the term "base station" or "BS" can refer to any component (or collection of components) configured to provide wireless access to a network, such as a transmit point (TP), transmit-receive point (TRP), an enhanced base station (eNodeB or eNB), a 5G / NR base station (gNB), a macrocell, a femtocell, a WiFi access point (AP), or other wireless-enabled devices. A base station can provide wireless access to a pluralit of remote terminals (e.g., 5G / NR third generation partnership project (3GPP) NR, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Advanced (LTE-A), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Wi-Fi 802.11 a / b / g / n / ac, etc.). For the sake of convenience, the terms "BS" and "TRP" can be used interchangeably herein to refer to a network infrastructure component that provides wireless access to remote terminals. Also, depending on the network type, the term "user equipment" or "UE" can refer to any component, such as a "mobile station," "subscriber station," "remote terminal," "wireless terminal," "receive point," or "user device." For the sake of convenience, the terms "user equipment" and "UE" are used interchangeably herein to refer to a remote wireless equipment that wirelessly accesses a BS, whether the UE is a mobile device (such as a mobile telephone or smartphone) or is normally considered a stationary device (such as a desktop computer or vending machine).

[0057] Dotted lines show the approximate extents of the coverage areas 120 and 125 as

[0058] As described in more detail below, one or more of the UEs 111-116 include circuitry, programming or a combination thereof for making measurements based on low power signals. In certain embodiments, one or more of the BSs 101-103 include circuitry, programming or a combination thereof to support low power signal based measurements.

[0059] Although Figure 1 One example of a wireless network is illustrated, but Figure 1Various modifications can be made. For example, the wireless network 100 can include any number of gNBs and any number of UEs in any suitable arrangement. Furthermore, gNB 101 can communicate directly with any number of UEs and provide those UEs with wireless broadband access to network 130. Similarly, each gNB 102 to gNB 103 can communicate directly with network 130 and provide UEs with direct wireless broadband access to network 130. Additionally, gNB 101, gNB 102, and / or gNB 103 can provide access to other or additional external networks, such as external telephone networks or other types of data networks.

[0060] Figure 2 An example gNB 102 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 2 The embodiment of gNB 102 shown is for illustrative purposes only, and Figure 1 The gNB 101 and gNB 103 can have the same or similar configurations. However, gNBs have a wide variety of configurations, and Figure 2 This disclosure is not intended to limit the scope of any particular implementation of gNB.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, gNB 102 includes multiple antennas 205a to 205n, multiple transceivers 210a to 210n, a controller / processor 225, a memory 230, and a backhaul or network interface 235. However, the components of gNB 102 are not limited to these. For example, gNB 102 may include more or fewer components than those described above. Additionally, gNB 102 corresponds to... Figure 8 The base station.

[0062] Transceivers 210a to 210n receive incoming radio frequency (RF) signals from antennas 205a to 205n, such as signals transmitted by a UE in wireless network 100. Transceivers 210a to 210n down-convert the incoming RF signals to generate IF or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are processed by receive (RX) processing circuitry in transceivers 210a to 210n and / or controller / processor 225, which generates processed baseband signals by filtering, decoding, and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signals. Controller / processor 225 may further process the baseband signals.

[0063] Transmit (TX) processing circuitry in the transceiver 210a-210n and / or controller / processor 225 receives analog or digital data (such as voice data, web data, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from the controller / processor 225. The TX processing circuitry encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate processed baseband or IF signals. The transceiver 210a-210n up-converts the baseband or IF signals to RF signals and transmits the processed RF signals from the antennas 205a-205n.

[0064] The controller / processor 225 can include one or more processors or other processing devices to manage the overall operation of the gNB 102. For example, the controller / processor 225 can control the reception of downlink (DL) channel signals and the transmission of uplink (UL) channel signals by the transceiver 210a-210n in accordance with well-known principles. The controller / processor 225 can support additional functions as well, such as more advanced wireless communication functions. For instance, the controller / processor 225 can support beam forming or directional routing operations in which outgoing / incoming signals from / to multiple antennas 205a-205n are weighted differently to effectively steer the outgoing signals in a desired direction. As another example, the controller / processor 225 can support methods for supporting UE-initiated CSI measurement and reporting. The controller / processor 225 can support any of a wide variety of other functions as well.

[0065] The controller / processor 225 is also capable of executing programs and other processes resident in the memory 230, such as a process for triggering measurements based on low power signals. The controller / processor 225 can move data into or out of memory 230 as required by the processes executing on the controller / processor 225.

[0066] The controller / processor 225 is also coupled to a backhaul or network interface 235. The backhaul or network interface 235 allows the gNB 102 to communicate with other devices or systems, for example, through a backhaul connection or through the network. This interface 235 could support communications with other gNBs using any suitable wired or wireless connection, such as a wireline or wireless backhaul connection. When the gNB 102 is implemented as part of a cellular communication system (such as a 5G / NR, LTE, or LTE-A cellular communication system), for example, the interface 235 can allow the gNB 102 to communicate with other gNBs over a wireline or wireless backhaul connection. When the gNB 102 is implemented as an access point, the interface 235 can allow the gNB 102 to communicate with other devices, such as other access points, over a wireline or wireless local area network, or with a larger network (such as the Internet) through a wireline or wireless connection. The interface 235 includes any suitable structure supporting communications over a wired or wireless connection, such as an Ethernet or Bluetooth interface or a transceiver.

[0067] The memory 230 is coupled to the controller / processor 225. A portion of the memory 230 may include RAM, and another portion of the memory 230 may include flash memory or other ROM.

[0068] although Figure 2 An example of gNB 102 is shown, but it is possible to compare it with other models. Figure 2 Various changes can be made. For example, gNB 102 can include any number of Figure 2 Each component shown. Furthermore, Figure 2 The various components can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted, and additional components can be added as needed.

[0069] Figure 3 An example UE 116 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 3 The embodiment of UE 116 shown is for illustrative purposes only, and Figure 1 UEs 111 to UE 115 can have the same or similar configurations. However, UEs have a wide variety of configurations, and Figure 3 This disclosure is not intended to limit the scope of any particular implementation of the UE.

[0070] like Figure 3 As shown, UE 116 includes an antenna 305, a transceiver 310, and a microphone 320. UE 116 also includes a speaker 330, a processor 340, an input / output (I / O) interface (IF) 345, an input 350, a display 355, and memory 360. Memory 360 includes an operating system (OS) 361 and one or more applications 362. However, the components of UE 116 are not limited to these. For example, UE 116 may include more or fewer components than those described above. Additionally, UE 116 corresponds to... Figure 7 UE.

[0071] Transceiver 310 receives incoming RF signals transmitted by a gNB of wireless network 100 from antenna 305. Transceiver 310 down-converts the incoming RF signals to generate intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are processed by RX processing circuitry in transceiver 310 and / or processor 340, which generates processed baseband signals by filtering, decoding, and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signals. The RX processing circuitry sends the processed baseband signals to speaker 330 (e.g., for voice data) or to processor 340 (e.g., for web browsing data).

[0072] The transceiver 310 and / or TX processing circuitry in the processor 340 receives analog or digital voice data from the microphone 320 or other outgoing baseband data (such as web data, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from the processor 340. The TX processing circuitry encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. The transceiver 310 up-converts the baseband or IF signal to an RF signal for transmission via the antenna 305.

[0073] The processor 340 can include one or more processors or other processing devices and execute the OS 361 stored in the memory 360 in order to control the overall operation of the UE 116. For example, the processor 340 can control the reception of DL channel signals and the transmission of UL channel signals by the transceiver 310 in accordance with well-known principles. In some embodiments, the processor 340 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0074] The processor 340 is also capable of executing other processes and programs stored in the memory 360. The processor 340 can be one of a plurality of processors 340, each processor 340 being capable of executing processes and programs stored in the memory 360. The processes and programs can include processes and programs for measuring based on low power signals, as described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor 340 can move data into or out of the memory 360 as required by the processes executed by the processor 340. In some embodiments, the processor 340 is configured to execute the applications 362 based on the OS 361 or in response to signals received from gNBs or an operator. The processor 340 is further coupled to the I / O interface 345, which provides the UE 116 with the ability to connect to other devices such as laptop computers and handheld computers. The I / O interface 345 is the communication path between these accessories and the processor 340.

[0075] The processor 340 is also coupled to the input 350 and the display 355, the input 350 including, e.g., a touchscreen, keyboard, etc. The operator of the UE 116 can use the input 350 to enter data into the UE 116. The display 355 can be a liquid crystal display, light emitting diode display, or other display capable of rendering text and / or at least limited graphics, such as from web sites.

[0076] The memory 360 is coupled to the processor 340. Part of the memory 360 can include random access memory (RAM), and another part of the memory 360 can include a flash memory or other read-only memory (ROM).

[0077] In various embodiments, transceiver 310 includes or is at least one LR 312 and at least one MR 314. For example, as discussed in more detail below, LR 312 can be configured or used to receive low power signals (e.g., LP-WUSs), such as when UE 116 is in a sleep state (e.g., such as a super deep sleep state, discussed in more detail below), while MR 314 is powered down or in a low power state. For example, in some embodiments, LR 312 can be a component of transceiver 310 that is used or powered on when UE 116 is in a sleep state, while MR 314 is transceiver 310 that is used when UE 116 is not in a sleep state. In another example, in other embodiments, LR 312 can be a separate or discrete receiver from transceiver 310, transceiver 310 being MR 314 used for normal reception operations when UE 116 is not in a sleep state.

[0078] Similarly, in such embodiments, processor 340 includes or is at least one of a low power processor (LP) 342 and a main processor (MP) 344. For example, in some embodiments, LR 312 and MR 314 can be connected to and / or controlled by LP 342 and MP 344, respectively, which are separate and / or discrete processors. In these embodiments, LP 342 can operate in a lower power state than MP 344, such that when UE is in a sleep state, MP 344 can be powered down or in a low power state, while LP 342 can process any signals received by LR 312 (e.g., such as LP-WUSs). In these embodiments, the operation of LP 342 can consume less power than the normal operation of MP 344, thereby conserving power for UE 116 in a sleep state, while maintaining the ability of UE 116 to receive and process signals. In other embodiments, LP 342 and MP 344 can be components of processor 340, in which LR 312 and MR 314 can be connected to and / or controlled by LP 342 and MP 344, respectively. In these embodiments, when UE 116 is in a sleep state, the MP 344 component of processor 340 is powered down or in a low power state, and the LP 342 component operates to process signals received by LR 312 (e.g., such as LP-WUSs). In these embodiments, the operation of LP 342 component of processor 340 can consume less power than the normal operation of processor 340 (including the operation of MP 344 component), thereby conserving power for UE 116 in a sleep state, while maintaining the ability of UE 116 to receive and process signals.

[0079] Although Figure 3One example of a UE 116 is shown, but various changes can be made Figure 3 to the components in FIG. 6. For example, Figure 3 various components in FIG. 6 can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted and additional components can be added according to particular needs. As a particular example, the processor 340 can be divided into multiple processors, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs). In another example, the transceiver 310 can include any number of transceivers and signal processing chains, and can be connected to any number of antennas. Moreover, while FIG. 6 illustrates the UE 116 configured as a mobile telephone or smartphone, a UE can be configured to operate as other types of mobile or stationary devices. Figure 3

[0080] Figure 4A and Figure 4B FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate examples of a wireless transmit path 400 and a wireless receive path 450, respectively, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the transmit path 400 can be described as implemented in a gNB (such as gNB 102), while the receive path 450 can be described as implemented in a UE (such as UE 116). However, it is to be understood that the receive path 450 can be implemented in a gNB and the transmit path 400 can be implemented in a UE. In some embodiments, the receive path 450 is configured for receiving measurements based on low power signals, as described in embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0081] As shown in FIG. 7, the transmit path 400 includes a channel coding and modulation block 405, a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 410, a size N inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block 415, a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block 420, an add cyclic prefix block 425, and a Figure 4A up-converter (UC) 430. The receive path 450 includes a down-converter (DC) 455, a remove cyclic prefix block 460, a S-to-P block 465, a size N fast Fourier transform (FFT) block 470, a P-to-S block 475, and a channel decoding and demodulation block 480.

[0082] ​In transmission path 400, channel coding and modulation block 405 receives a set of information bits, applies coding (such as low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding), and modulates the input bits (such as using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)) to generate a sequence of frequency-domain modulated symbols. Serial-to-parallel block 410 converts (e.g., demultiplexes) the serial modulated symbols into parallel data to generate N parallel symbol streams, where N is the size of the IFFT / FFT used in gNB 102 and UE 116. IFFT block 415 of size N performs an IFFT operation on the N parallel symbol streams to generate a time-domain output signal. Parallel-to-serial block 420 converts (e.g., multiplexes) the parallel time-domain output symbols from IFFT block 415 of size N to generate a serial time-domain signal. Cyclic prefix addition block 425 inserts a cyclic prefix into the time-domain signal. Upconverter 430 modulates (e.g., upconverts) the output of cyclic prefix addition block 425 to an RF frequency for transmission via the radio channel. The signal can also be filtered at the baseband before being switched to the RF frequency.

[0083] like Figure 4B As shown, downconverter 455 downconverts the received signal to the baseband frequency, and cyclic prefix removal block 460 removes the cyclic prefix to generate a serial time-domain baseband signal. Serial-to-parallel block 465 converts the time-domain baseband signal into a parallel time-domain signal. FFT block 470 of size N performs an FFT algorithm to generate N parallel frequency-domain signals. (P to S) block 475 converts the parallel frequency-domain signals into a sequence of modulated data symbols. Channel decoding and demodulation block 480 demodulates and decodes the modulated symbols to recover the original input data stream.

[0084] Each of gNBs 101-103 can implement a transmission path 400 similar to that sent to UEs 111 to UEs 116 in the downlink, and can implement a reception path 450 similar to that received from UEs 111 to UEs 116 in the uplink. Similarly, each of UEs 111 to UEs 116 can implement a transmission path 400 for sending to gNBs 101 to gNBs 103 in the uplink, and can implement a reception path 450 for receiving from gNBs 101 to gNBs 103 in the downlink.

[0085] Figure 4A and Figure 4B Each component in the system can be implemented using only hardware or a combination of hardware and software / firmware. As a specific example, Figure 4A and Figure 4BAt least some of the components in the wireless receive path 450 can be implemented in software, while other components can be implemented through configurable hardware or a mixture of software and configurable hardware. For example, the FFT block 415 and the IFFT block 470 can be implemented as configurable software algorithms where the value of N can be modified according to the implementation.

[0086] Furthermore, although described as using FFTs and IFFTs, this is by way of illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure. Other types of transforms can be used, such as discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) functions. It should be understood that for DFT and IDFT functions, the value of the variable N can be any integer (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), while for FFT and IFFT functions, the value of the variable N can be any integer that is a power of two (such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.).

[0087] Although Figure 4A and Figure 4B illustrate examples of a wireless transmit path 400 and a wireless receive path 450, respectively, various changes can be made to Figure 4A and Figure 4B For example, Figure 4A and Figure 4B various components in the wireless transmit path 400 and the wireless receive path 450 can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted and additional components can be added according to particular needs. Also, Figure 4A and Figure 4B are intended to represent examples of the types of transmit and receive paths that can be used in a wireless network. Any other suitable architecture can be used to support wireless communication in a wireless network.

[0088] Figure 5 An example of a transmitter structure 500 for beamforming is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In certain embodiments, one or more of the gNBs 102 or UEs 116 include the transmitter structure 500. For example, one or more of the antennas 205 and their associated systems or the antennas 305 and their associated systems can be included in the transmitter structure 500. This example is for illustration only and other embodiments can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0089] Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure recognize that Rel-14 LTE and Rel-15 NR support up to 32 Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) antenna ports, which enables an eNB or gNB to be equipped with a large number of antenna elements, such as 64 or 128. Multiple antenna elements can then be mapped onto one CSI-RS port. For mmWave bands, although the number of antenna elements can be larger for a given form factor, the number of CSI-RS ports (which can correspond to the number of digital precoding ports) can be limited due to hardware constraints, such as the feasibility of installing a large number of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) / digital-to-analog converters (DACs) at mmWave frequencies, as shown in Figure 5 One CSI-RS port can then be mapped onto a large number of antenna elements, which can be controlled by a set of analog phase shifters 501. One CSI-RS port can then correspond to one subarray, which produces a narrow analog beam through analog beamforming 505. The analog beam can be configured to scan a wider range of angles 520 by changing the phase shifter set across symbols or slots / subframes. The number of subarrays (equal to the number of RF chains) is the same as the number of CSI-RS ports, NCSI-PORT. A digital beamforming unit 510 performs a linear combination across the NCSI-PORT analog beams to further increase the precoding gain. Although the analog beam is wideband (hence not frequency-selective), the digital precoding can vary across frequency subbands or resource blocks. The receiver operation can be similarly envisioned.

[0090] Due to Figure 5 the transmitter structure 500 utilizes multiple analog beams for transmission and reception (where one or a small number of analog beams are selected from a large number of analog beams, e.g., after a training duration that is performed occasionally or periodically), the term “multi-beam operation” is used to refer to the overall system aspects. This includes, for illustration purposes, indicating the allocated DL or UL TX beam (also referred to as “beam indication”), measuring at least one reference signal for computing and performing a beam report (also referred to as “beam measurement” and “beam report,” respectively), and receiving a DL or UL transmission via selecting a corresponding RX beam. Figure 5 The system of

[0091] NR supports discontinuous reception (DRX) for UEs in RRC_IDLE / RRC_INACTIVE mode or RRC_CONNECTED mode, so that the UE can stop receiving signals or channels during the INACTIVE period within a DRX cycle and save power consumption. In Rel-16, enhancements to DRX for RRC_CONNECTED mode (e.g., connected discontinuous reception (C-DRX)) are introduced, where a new downlink control information (DCI) format is used to help the UE skip the ON duration within the C-DRX cycle, so that further power saving gain can be achieved. In Rel-17, enhancements to DRX for RRC_IDLE / RRC_INACTIVE mode (e.g., I-DRX) are introduced, where paging early indication (PEI) is used for the UE to skip monitoring paging occasions, so that additional power saving gain can be achieved.

[0092] However, embodiments of the present disclosure recognize that the UE still needs to wake up frequently to monitor the new DCI format or PEI, so that the radio of the UE cannot be fully turned off for a long duration. To avoid this and achieve further energy saving gain, an additional receiver radio is evaluated, where the additional receiver radio can be used to monitor a specific set of signals with very low power consumption, and the main receiver radio can be turned off or operated with very low power for a long duration.

[0093] The present disclosure focuses on low-power signal based radio resource management measurements, including the metrics to be measured based on the low-power signal and the procedure of RRM measurements.

[0094] For one example, the low-power signal can be a signal for synchronization purpose (e.g., LP-SS) that can be received at least by a low-power receiver, or a signal for wake-up purpose (e.g., LP-WUS) that can be received at least by a low-power receiver, or a combination of the above two signals.

[0095] Aspects, features and advantages of the present disclosure are apparent from the detailed description that follows, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The present disclosure is also capable of other and different embodiments and its several details can be modified in various obvious respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not restrictive. The disclosure is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings.

[0096] Although the following exemplary description and embodiments assume Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) or Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), the present disclosure can be extended to other OFDM-based transmission waveforms or multiple access schemes, such as Filtered-OFDM (F-OFDM).

[0097] The present disclosure provides several components that can be used in conjunction or combination with each other or can operate as standalone schemes.

[0098] When more than one example in the present disclosure is supported, it can be subject to a higher layer configuration to determine which example the UE follows.

[0099] The present disclosure focuses on measurements based on low power signals. More precisely, the following aspects are included in the present disclosure:

[0100] - measurement metrics based on low power signals, including LP Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), LP Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), LP Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), LP Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR), and per-branch (branch) LP Reference Signal Received Power (LP-RSRPB),

[0101] - measurement window of low power signals,

[0102] - joint measurement between low power receiver and main receiver, and

[0103] - radio link monitoring based on low power signals.

[0104] Figure 6 A flowchart of an example UE procedure 600 for RRM measurement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the UE procedure 600 for RRM measurement can be performed by any of the UEs 111-116 of Figure 1 The example is for illustration only, and other embodiments can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0105] The procedure starts at 601, where the UE determines a measurement metric for RRM measurement based on a low power signal. In 602, the UE 116 determines time and frequency resources for RRM measurement. In 603, the UE 116 determines time and frequency resources for RRM measurement. In 604, the UE 116 performs RRM measurement based on a low power signal.

[0106] In one embodiment, a UE can perform a radio resource management (RRM) measurement based on a low power signal received by a low power receiver (LR) and determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) of the low power signal, where the measurement metric can be denoted as LP-RSRP.

[0107] For one example, LP-RSRP can be defined as a linear average over the power contributions of resource elements (REs) that carry the low power signal. For one instance, the measurement is performed over OFDM symbols that carry the low power signal and do not include a cyclic prefix (CP). For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), the LP-RSRP can be over the contributions of REs that carry the overlapping sequence.

[0108] For another example, LP-RSRP can be defined as a linear average over the power contributions of resource elements (REs) that are determined or configured to carry the low power signal and include the guard band REs. For one instance, the measurement is performed over OFDM symbols that carry the low power signal and do not include a CP. For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), the LP-RSRP can be over the contributions of REs that carry the overlapping sequence.

[0109] For yet another example, LP-RSRP can be defined as a linear average over the power contributions of durations that are determined to have non-zero values after multi-carrier (MC)-OOK modulation. For one instance, the durations do not include a CP. In another instance, each duration corresponds to 1 / K OFDM symbol durations (e.g., not including a CP), where K is the number of segments in an OFDM symbol in the MC-OOK modulation. For yet another instance, the power contributions are from a bandwidth that includes the low power signal (e.g., potentially with a guard band). For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), the LP-RSRP can be over the contributions of REs that carry the overlapping sequence.

[0110] For yet another example, LP-RSRP can be defined as a linear average over the power contributions of durations that have MC-OOK modulation. For one instance, the durations do not include a CP. In another instance, each duration corresponds to 1 / K OFDM symbol durations (e.g., not including a CP), where K is the number of segments in an OFDM symbol in the MC-OOK modulation. For yet another instance, the power contributions are from a bandwidth that includes the low power signal (e.g., potentially with a guard band). For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), the LP-RSRP can be over the contributions of REs that carry the overlapping sequence.

[0111] For yet another example, LP-RSRP can be defined as a linear average over the power contributions of the durations determined to have non-zero values after MC-OOK modulation. For one example, the durations do not include the CP. In another example, each duration corresponds to X / K OFDM symbol durations (e.g., excluding the CP), where K is the number of segments in an OFDM symbol in the MC-OOK modulation, and X is a ratio (e.g., percentage) of an effective range of the measurement within one segment of the MC-OOK modulation. For yet another example, the power contributions from a bandwidth including a low power signal (e.g., potentially with a guard band). For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), the LP-RSRP can be over the contributions of the REs carrying the overlapping sequence.

[0112] For one example, the low power signal can be a signal for synchronization purposes (e.g., LP-SS), which can be received at least by the low power receiver, and the corresponding measurement metric can be denoted as LP-SS-RSRP.

[0113] For another example, the low power signal can be a signal for wake-up purposes (e.g., LP-WUS), which can be received at least by the low power receiver, and the corresponding measurement metric can be denoted as LP-WUS-RSRP.

[0114] For yet another example, the low power signal can be a combination of LP-SS and LP-WUS, and the corresponding measurement metric is a linear average over the power contributions of the two signals.

[0115] For one example, the LP-RSRP can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same physical cell identity or the same physical cell identity group.

[0116] For another example, the LP-RSRP can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same UE group identity.

[0117] For yet another example, the LP-RSRP can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same UE identity.

[0118] For yet another example, the LP-RSRP can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same quasi co-location (QCL) assumption (e.g., QCL to the same RS).

[0119] For yet another example, the LP-RSRP can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same transmission configuration indication (TCI) state.

[0120] For yet another example, the LP-RSRP can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same beam index.

[0121] For one example, the UE 116 can be provided a higher layer parameter indicating which (which ones) of the set of low power signals are measured. For example, a bitmap indicating which (which ones) of the low power signals are measured.

[0122] For one example, for frequency range 1, the reference point for LP-RSRP can be the antenna connector of the UE 116.

[0123] For another example, for frequency range 2, the LP-RSRP can be measured based on a combined signal from the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch.

[0124] For yet another example, for frequency ranges 1 and 2, if the UE 116 is using receiver diversity, the reported LP-RSRP value can not be lower than the corresponding LP-RSRP of any individual receiver branch.

[0125] For one example, LP-RSRP can apply to RRM measurements within RRC IDLE frequencies.

[0126] For another example, LP-RSRP can apply to RRM measurements between RRC IDLE frequencies.

[0127] For yet another example, LP-RSRP can apply to RRM measurements within RRC INACTIVE frequencies.

[0128] For yet another example, LP-RSRP can apply to RRM measurements between RRC INACTIVE frequencies.

[0129] For yet another example, LP-RSRP can apply to RRM measurements within RRC CONNECTED frequencies.

[0130] For yet another example, LP-RSRP can apply to RRM measurements between RRC CONNECTED frequencies.

[0131] In one embodiment, a UE can perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements based on low power signals received by a low power receiver (LR) and determine a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), where the measurement metric can be denoted as LP-RSSI.

[0132] For one example, LP-RSSI can be defined as a linear average over the total received power observed in OFDM symbols of a measurement time resource, in a measurement bandwidth, over N resource blocks from all sources (including co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc.). For one instance, the measurement time resource based on OFDM symbols does not include CP.

[0133] For another example, LP-RSSI can be defined as a linear average of the total received power observed in the measurement bandwidth, over the measurement time resources, in the OFDM symbols, on N resource elements from all sources (including co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc.). For one example, the measurement time resources based on OFDM symbols do not include CP.

[0134] For one example, the measurement time resources can be configured based on a higher layer configuration.

[0135] For another example, when no higher layer is provided, the measurement time resources can have no constraints, e.g., for cell selection.

[0136] For yet another example, the measurement time resources can be OFDM symbols carrying the low power signal (e.g., the OFDM symbols carrying the low power signal can be provided by a higher layer).

[0137] For yet another example, the measurement time resources can be durations determined to be non-zero values after MC-OOK modulation of the low power signal. For one example, the durations do not include CP. In another example, each duration corresponds to 1 / K OFDM symbol durations (e.g., excluding CP), where K is the number of segments in an OFDM symbol in the MC-OOK modulation.

[0138] For yet another example, the measurement time resources can be durations with MC-OOK modulation of the low power signal. For one example, the durations do not include CP. In another example, each duration corresponds to 1 / K OFDM symbol durations (e.g., excluding CP), where K is the number of segments in an OFDM symbol in the MC-OOK modulation.

[0139] For yet another example, the measurement time resources can be durations determined to be non-zero values after MC-OOK modulation. For one example, the durations do not include CP. In another example, each duration corresponds to X / K OFDM symbol durations (e.g., excluding CP), where K is the number of segments in an OFDM symbol in the MC-OOK modulation, and X is a ratio (e.g., percentage) of an effective range of the measurement within one segment of the MC-OOK modulation.

[0140] For one example, the measurement bandwidth includes at least the low power signal (e.g., potentially with a guard band).

[0141] For one example, for frequency range 1, the reference point for LP-RSSI can be the antenna connector of the UE 116.

[0142] For another example, for frequency range 2, LP-RSSI can be measured based on a combined signal from the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch.

[0143] For yet another example, for frequency ranges 1 and 2, if the UE 116 is using receiver diversity, the reported LP-RSSI value can not be lower than the corresponding LP-RSSI of any individual receiver branch.

[0144] For one example, LP-RSSI can be applicable for RRC IDLE intra-frequency RRM measurements.

[0145] For another example, LP-RSSI can be applicable for RRC IDLE inter- frequency RRM measurements.

[0146] For yet another example, LP-RSSI can be applicable for RRC INACTIVE intra- frequency RRM measurements.

[0147] For yet another example, LP-RSSI can be applicable for RRC INACTIVE inter- frequency RRM measurements.

[0148] For yet another example, LP-RSSI can be applicable for RRC CONNECTED intra- frequency RRM measurements.

[0149] For yet another example, LP-RSSI can be applicable for RRC CONNECTED inter- frequency RRM measurements.

[0150] For one example, for intra-frequency measurements, LP-RSSI is measured with the timing reference corresponding to the serving cell in the frequency layer.

[0151] For another example, for inter-frequency measurements, LP-RSSI is measured with the timing reference corresponding to any cell in the target frequency layer.

[0152] In one embodiment, a UE can perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements based on a low power signal received by a low power receiver (LR) and determine a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) of the low power signal, where the measurement metric can be expressed as LP-RSRQ.

[0153] In one example, LP-RSRQ can be defined as the ratio of N x LP-RSRP / LP-RSSI, where N is the number of resource blocks in the LP-RSSI measurement bandwidth, and the measurements in the numerator and denominator are made on the same set of resource blocks. LP-RSRP and LP-RSSI can be in accordance with examples in this disclosure.

[0154] In another example, LP-RSRQ can be defined as the ratio of N x LP-RSRP / LP-RSSI, where N is the number of resource elements in the LP-RSSI measurement bandwidth, and the measurements in the numerator and denominator are made on the same set of resource elements. LP-RSRP and LP-RSSI can be in accordance with examples in the present disclosure.

[0155] For one example, the low power signal can be a signal for synchronization purposes (e.g., LP-SS), which can be received at least by the low power receiver, and the corresponding measurement metric can be denoted as LP-SS-RSRQ.

[0156] For another example, the low power signal can be a signal for wake-up purposes (e.g., LP-WUS), which can be received at least by the low power receiver, and the corresponding measurement metric can be denoted as LP-WUS-RSRQ.

[0157] For yet another example, the low power signal can be a combination of LP-SS and LP-WUS, and the corresponding measurement metric is a linear average over the power contributions of the two signals.

[0158] For one example, LP-RSRQ can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same physical cell identity or the same physical cell identity group.

[0159] For another example, LP-RSRQ can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same UE group identity.

[0160] For yet another example, LP-RSRQ can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same UE identity.

[0161] For yet another example, LP-RSRQ can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same QCL assumption (e.g., QCL to the same RS).

[0162] For yet another example, LP-RSRQ can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same TCI state.

[0163] For yet another example, LP-RSRQ can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same beam index.

[0164] For one example, a UE 116 can be provided with a higher layer parameter indicating which low power signal(s) within a set of low power signals are measured. For example, a bitmap indicating which low power signal(s) within a set of low power signals are measured.

[0165] For one example, for frequency range 1, the reference point for LP-RSRQ can be the antenna connector of the UE 116.

[0166] For another example, for frequency range 2, LP-RSRQ can be measured based on a combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch.

[0167] For yet another example, for frequency ranges 1 and 2, if the UE 116 is using receiver diversity, the reported LP-RSRQ value can not be lower than the corresponding LP-RSRQ of any individual receiver branch.

[0168] For one example, LP-RSRQ can be applicable for RRC IDLE intra-frequency RRM measurements.

[0169] For another example, LP-RSRQ can be applicable for RRC IDLE inter- frequency RRM measurements.

[0170] For yet another example, LP-RSRQ can be applicable for RRC INACTIVE intra- frequency RRM measurements.

[0171] For yet another example, LP-RSRQ can be applicable for RRC INACTIVE inter- frequency RRM measurements.

[0172] For yet another example, LP-RSRQ can be applicable for RRC CONNECTED intra- frequency RRM measurements.

[0173] For yet another example, LP-RSRQ can be applicable for RRC CONNECTED inter- frequency RRM measurements.

[0174] In one embodiment, a UE can perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements based on a low power signal received by a low power receiver (LR) and determine a signal to noise and interference ratio (SINR) of the low power signal, where the measurement metric can be denoted as LP-SINR.

[0175] In one example, LP-SINR can be defined as a linear average of power contributions of resource elements (REs) carrying the low power signal divided by a linear average of noise and interference power contributions. For one instance, the noise and interference power contributions are measured on resource elements carrying the low power signal within the same frequency bandwidth. For another instance, the measurement is performed on OFDM symbols carrying the low power signal and excluding the CP. For one instance, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), the LP-SINR can be on contributions of REs carrying the overlapping sequence.

[0176] In another example, the LP-SINR can be defined as a linear average of the power contribution of the resource elements carrying the low power signal and the guard band divided by a linear average of the noise and interference power contribution. For one instance, the noise and interference power contribution is measured on the resource elements carrying the low power signal and the guard band within the same frequency bandwidth. For another instance, the measurement is performed on the OFDM symbols carrying the low power signal and not including the CP. For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), the LP-SINR can be on the contribution of the REs carrying the overlapping sequence.

[0177] For yet another example, the LP-SINR can be defined as a linear average over the power contribution of the duration determined as non-zero value after the MC-OOK modulation divided by a linear average of the noise and interference power contribution over the same duration. For one instance, the noise and interference power contribution is measured on the resource elements carrying the low power signal within the same frequency bandwidth. For another instance, the duration does not include the CP. For yet another instance, each duration corresponds to 1 / K OFDM symbol duration (e.g., not including the CP), where K is the number of segments in the OFDM symbol in the MC-OOK modulation. For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), the LP-SINR can be on the contribution of the REs carrying the overlapping sequence.

[0178] For yet another example, the LP-SINR can be defined as a linear average over the power contribution of the duration determined as non-zero value after the MC-OOK modulation divided by a linear average of the noise and interference power contribution over the same duration. For one instance, the noise and interference power contribution is measured on the resource elements carrying the low power signal within the same frequency bandwidth. For another instance, the duration does not include the CP. For yet another instance, each duration corresponds to 1 / K OFDM symbol duration (e.g., not including the CP), where K is the number of segments in the OFDM symbol in the MC-OOK modulation. For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), the LP-SINR can be on the contribution of the REs carrying the overlapping sequence.

[0179] For yet another example, the LP-SINR can be defined as a linear average over the power contributions of the durations determined to be non-zero values after MC-OOK modulation divided by a linear average over the noise and interference power contributions over the same durations. For one example, the noise and interference power contributions are measured on resource elements carrying the low power signal within the same frequency bandwidth. For another example, the durations do not include the CP. In yet another example, each duration corresponds to X / K OFDM symbol durations (e.g., excluding the CP), where K is the number of segments in an OFDM symbol in the MC-OOK modulation, and X is a ratio (e.g., percentage) of an effective range of the measurement within one segment of the MC-OOK modulation. For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), the LP-SINR can be over the contributions of the REs carrying the overlapping sequence.

[0180] For one example, the low power signal can be a signal for synchronization purposes (e.g., LP-SS), which can be received at least by the low power receiver, and the corresponding measurement metric can be denoted as LP-SS-SINR.

[0181] For another example, the low power signal can be a signal for wake-up purposes (e.g., LP-WUS), which can be received at least by the low power receiver, and the corresponding measurement metric can be denoted as LP-WUS-SINR.

[0182] For yet another example, the low power signal can be a combination of LP-SS and LP-WUS, and the corresponding measurement metric is a linear average over the power contributions of the two signals.

[0183] For one example, the LP-SINR can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same physical cell identity or the same group of physical cell identities.

[0184] For another example, the LP-SINR can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same UE group identity.

[0185] For yet another example, the LP-SINR can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same UE identity.

[0186] For yet another example, the LP-SINR can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same QCL assumption (e.g., QCL to the same RS).

[0187] For yet another example, the LP-SINR can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same TCI state.

[0188] For yet another example, the LP-SINR can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same beam index.

[0189] For one example, the UE 116 can be provided with a higher layer parameter indicating which low power signal(s) within the set of low power signals are measured. For example, a bitmap indicating which low power signal(s) within the set of low power signals are measured.

[0190] For one example, for frequency range 1, the reference point for the LP-SINR can be the antenna connector of the UE 116.

[0191] For another example, for frequency range 2, the LP-SINR can be measured based on a combined signal from the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch.

[0192] For yet another example, for frequency ranges 1 and 2, if the UE 116 is using receiver diversity, the reported LP-SINR value can not be lower than the corresponding LP-SINR of any individual receiver branch.

[0193] For one example, the LP-SINR can be applicable for RRM measurements within RRC IDLE frequencies.

[0194] For another example, the LP-SINR can be applicable for RRM measurements between RRC IDLE frequencies.

[0195] For yet another example, the LP-SINR can be applicable for RRM measurements within RRC INACTIVE frequencies.

[0196] For yet another example, the LP-SINR can be applicable for RRM measurements between RRC INACTIVE frequencies.

[0197] For yet another example, the LP-SINR can be applicable for RRM measurements within RRC CONNECTED frequencies.

[0198] For yet another example, the LP-SINR can be applicable for RRM measurements between RRC CONNECTED frequencies.

[0199] In one embodiment, a UE can perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements based on low power signals received by a low power receiver (LR) and determine a per-branch reference signal received power (RSRPB) of the low power signals, where the measurement metric can be denoted as LP-RSRPB.

[0200] For one example, LP-RSRPB can be defined as a linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (REs) carrying the low power signal. For one instance, the measurement is performed on the OFDM symbols carrying the low power signal and not including the CP. For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), then the LP-RSRPB can be over the contribution of the REs carrying the overlapping sequence.

[0201] For another example, LP-RSRPB can be defined as a linear average over the power contribution of the REs configured to carry the low power signal and including the guard band resource elements (REs). For one instance, the measurement is performed on the OFDM symbols carrying the low power signal and not including the CP. For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), then the LP-RSRPB can be over the contribution of the REs carrying the overlapping sequence.

[0202] For yet another example, LP-RSRPB can be defined as a linear average over the power contribution of the durations determined to have non-zero values after the MC-OOK modulation. For one instance, the durations do not include the CP. In another instance, each duration corresponds to 1 / K OFDM symbol durations (e.g., not including the CP), where K is the number of segments in the OFDM symbols in the MC-OOK modulation. For yet another instance, the power contribution is from the bandwidth including the low power signal (e.g., potentially with a guard band). For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), then the LP-RSRPB can be over the contribution of the REs carrying the overlapping sequence.

[0203] For yet another example, LP-RSRPB can be defined as a linear average over the power contribution of the durations with the MC-OOK modulation. For one instance, the durations do not include the CP. In another instance, each duration corresponds to 1 / K OFDM symbol durations (e.g., not including the CP), where K is the number of segments in the OFDM symbols in the MC-OOK modulation. For yet another instance, the power contribution is from the bandwidth including the low power signal (e.g., potentially with a guard band). For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), then the LP-RSRPB can be over the contribution of the REs carrying the overlapping sequence.

[0204] For yet another example, LP-RSRPB can be defined as a linear average over the power contributions of the durations determined to be non-zero values after MC-OOK modulation. For one example, the durations do not include the CP. In another example, each duration corresponds to X / K OFDM symbol durations (e.g., excluding the CP), where K is the number of segments in an OFDM symbol in the MC-OOK modulation, and X is a ratio (e.g., percentage) of an effective range of the measurement within one segment of the MC-OOK modulation. For yet another example, the power contributions from a bandwidth including a low power signal (e.g., potentially with a guard band). For example, if the LR can receive an overlapping sequence of waveforms used to generate the low power signal (e.g., configured by the gNB to receive), the LP-RSRPB can be over the contributions of the REs carrying the overlapping sequence.

[0205] For one example, the low power signal can be a signal for synchronization purposes (e.g., LP-SS), which can be received at least by the low power receiver, and the corresponding measurement metric can be denoted as LP-SS-RSRPB.

[0206] For another example, the low power signal can be a signal for wake-up purposes (e.g., LP-WUS), which can be received at least by the low power receiver, and the corresponding measurement metric can be denoted as LP-WUS-RSRPB.

[0207] For yet another example, the low power signal can be a combination of LP-SS and LP-WUS, and the corresponding measurement metric is a linear average over the power contributions of the two signals.

[0208] For one example, the LP-RSRPB can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same physical cell identity or the same physical cell identity group.

[0209] For another example, the LP-RSRPB can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same UE group identity.

[0210] For yet another example, the LP-RSRPB can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same UE identity.

[0211] For yet another example, the LP-RSRPB can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same QCL assumption (e.g., QCL to the same RS).

[0212] For yet another example, the LP-RSRPB can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same TCI state.

[0213] For yet another example, the LP-RSRPB can be a measurement between signals corresponding to the same beam index.

[0214] For one example, the UE 116 can be provided a higher layer parameter indicating which (which ones) of the set of low power signals are measured. For example, a bitmap indicating which (which ones) of the set of low power signals are measured.

[0215] For one example, for frequency range 1, the reference point for the LP-RSRP B can be the antenna connector of the UE 116.

[0216] For another example, for frequency range 2, the LP-RSRP B can be measured based on a combined signal from the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch.

[0217] For one example, the LP-RSRP B can be applicable to RRM measurements within RRC IDLE frequencies.

[0218] For another example, the LP-RSRP B can be applicable to RRM measurements between RRC IDLE frequencies.

[0219] For yet another example, the LP-RSRP B can be applicable to RRM measurements within RRC INACTIVE frequencies.

[0220] For yet another example, the LP-RSRP B can be applicable to RRM measurements between RRC INACTIVE frequencies.

[0221] For yet another example, the LP-RSRP B can be applicable to RRM measurements within RRC CONNECTED frequencies.

[0222] For yet another example, the LP-RSRP B can be applicable to RRM measurements between RRC CONNECTED frequencies.

[0223] In one embodiment, at least one measurement time configuration for low power signal based RRM measurements can be configured by a higher layer, for example denoted as LP-MTC. For one instance, if the low power signal is a low power synchronization signal, the MTC can be denoted as LP-SMTC or LP-SS-MTC. For another example, if the low power signal is a low power wake-up signal, the MTC can be denoted as LP-WUS-MTC.

[0224] For one example, the LP-MTC includes a window periodicity.

[0225] For another example, the LP-MTC includes a window duration.

[0226] For yet another example, the LP-MTC includes a window offset.

[0227] For one example, the measurement time resources for LP-RSRP are limited within the span of the LP-MTC window.

[0228] For another example, the measurement time resources for LP-RSSI are limited within the span of the LP-MTC window.

[0229] For yet another example, the measurement time resources for LP-RSRQ are limited within the span of the LP-MTC window.

[0230] For yet another example, the measurement time resources for LP-SINR are limited within the span of the LP-MTC window.

[0231] For yet another example, the measurement time resources for LP-RSRPB are limited within the span of the LP-MTC window.

[0232] For one example, the measurement time resource limitation of the LP-MTC window duration can not apply if the measurement metric is used for determining L1-RSRP and / or L1-SINR.

[0233] For one example, the measurement time resources can be further limited within the overlapping time span between the LP-MTC window and the measurement gap if a measurement gap is used.

[0234] For one example, the measurement time resources can be further limited within the overlapping time span between the LP-MTC window and the active time of the DRX cycle if DRX operation for the low power receiver is configured.

[0235] For one example, if a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel block measurement timing (SMTC) is configured for the primary receiver to perform RRM measurements, the measurement time resources for low power signal based RRM measurements can be a subset of the time measurement time resources determined from the SMTC. For one instance, the periodicity of the LP-MTC can be the same or longer, e.g., as an integer multiple, as the periodicity of the SMTC. For another instance, the duration of the LP-MTC can be the same or shorter than the duration of the SMTC.

[0236] For another example, if a SMTC is configured for the primary receiver to perform RRM measurements, the measurement time resources for low power signal based RRM measurements can be the same as the time measurement time resources determined from the SMTC, e.g., the windows from the two measurement time configurations are aligned.

[0237] In one embodiment, the UE can use both a primary receiver (MR) and a low power receiver (LR) to perform RRM measurements.

[0238] In one example, the UE can determine RRM measurement metrics (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, RSRPB, or SINR) based on both the reference signal received from the MR and the low-power signal received by the LR.

[0239] - For one instance, the reference signal received from the MR can be a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) in a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block (e.g., possibly together with the DM-RS of the PBCH, e.g., by UE implementation) and / or a CSI-RS.

[0240] - For another instance, the determined RSRP value can be a linear average over all resource elements carrying both the reference signal received from the MR and the low-power signal.

[0241] - For yet another instance, in this example, the low-power signal can be received by the MR or the LR.

[0242] - For yet another instance, the reference signal received from the MR and the low-power signal can be quasi-co-located or share the same TCI state.

[0243] - For yet another instance, there can be a requirement on the measurement time resources between the reference signal received from the MR and the low-power signal. For one sub-instance, the measurement time resources for the low-power signal can be restricted within a window duration determined by SMTC. For another sub-instance, the measurement time resources for the low-power signal can be restricted within a pre-defined duration that is the same as the measurement time resources for the reference signal received from the MR, where the pre-defined duration can be a slot, or a subframe, or a frame. For yet another sub-instance, the measurement time resources for the low-power signal can overlap within the measurement time resources for the reference signal received from the MR.

[0244] In another example, when the UE performs RRM measurements and evaluates the cell selection criteria at least once per determined duration (e.g., M1 N1 DRX cycles), the UE 116 can be required to perform multiple measurements for filtering, and for each measurement for filtering, the UE 116 can perform the measurement using the reference signal received from the MR (e.g., SSS in SS / PBCH block) or the low-power signal (e.g., received by the LR).

[0245] - For one instance, the reference signal received from the MR and the low-power signal can be quasi-co-located or share the same TCI state.

[0246] - For yet another example, there can be a requirement on measurement time resources between a reference signal received from the MR and the low power signal. For one sub-example, the measurement time resources for the low power signal can be limited within a window duration determined by SMTC. For another sub-example, the measurement time resources for the low power signal can be limited within a predefined duration that is the same as the measurement time resources for the reference signal received from the MR, where the predefined duration can be a slot, or a subframe, or a frame. For yet another sub-example, the measurement time resources for the low power signal can overlap within the measurement time resources for the reference signal received from the MR.

[0247] - For yet another example, when the MR is turned off or goes to deep sleep mode, the low power signal (e.g., received by the LR) can be used to perform measurements.

[0248] - For yet another example, when the low power signal (e.g., received by the LR) is used to perform measurements (e.g., the gNB provides configuration on RRM measurements based on the low power signal), the requirement on the number of samples to be used for the MR measurements can be relaxed (e.g., reduced to a smaller number).

[0249] In one embodiment, the reference Figure 6 shows an example UE procedure for performing RRM measurements based on the low power signal.

[0250] In one embodiment, the UE can monitor downlink radio link quality of a primary cell or a primary secondary cell (PSCell) in order to indicate an out-of-sync or in-sync status to a higher layer, where the radio link monitoring can be based on the low power signal.

[0251] For one example, the UE 116 does not need to monitor downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than an active DL bandwidth part (BWP) on the PCell or PSCell.

[0252] For another example, when radio link monitoring (RLM) is based on the low power signal, the UE 116 does not need to monitor downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than a DL BWP that includes the low power signal.

[0253] For yet another example, when RLM is based on the low power signal, the UE 116 does not need to monitor downlink radio link quality in a bandwidth other than a bandwidth that carries the low power signal (e.g., including a guard band).

[0254] For one example, the UE 116 can be configured to use the low power signal for RLM purposes (e.g., provided by a higher layer parameter).

[0255] For another example, the UE 116 can determine to use the low power signal for RLM purposes when the low power signal is configured and / or the primary receiver is turned off or enters a deep sleep mode.

[0256] For one example, the UE 116 can be configured with a set of resource indices for RLM by a higher layer parameter, where the resources are for the low power signal.

[0257] For one instance, there can be a maximum value (M) for the number of resource indices, where the maximum value can be determined based on (e.g., the maximum number of SS / PBCH block indices in a cell). For one sub-instance, when , M = 2. For another sub-instance, when , M = 4. For yet another sub-instance, when , M = 8. For yet another sub-instance, when , M = 1. For another sub-instance, when , M = 2. For yet another sub-instance, when , M = 4.

[0258] For another instance, the number of resource indices in the set can be fixed to 1.

[0259] For one example, when the UE 116 is configured with DRX operation for the low power receiver, the UE 116 performs radio link quality evaluation for the out-of-sync and in-sync thresholds within a period, where the period can be the maximum between the shortest period of RLM and the DRX cycle.

[0260] For another example, when the UE 116 is not configured with DRX operation for the low power receiver, the UE 116 performs radio link quality evaluation for the out-of-sync and in-sync thresholds within a period, where the period can be the maximum between the shortest period of RLM and a predefined duration. For example, the predefined duration can be 10 ms.

[0261] For one example, the out-of-sync and / or in-sync thresholds can be associated with the low power receiver and configured separately from the out-of-sync and / or in-sync thresholds used by the primary receiver for RLM evaluation.

[0262] For one example, the UE 116 reports out-of-sync to a higher layer when the radio link quality is worse than the out-of-sync threshold for all resources in the set of resources used for radio link monitoring.

[0263] For another example, the UE 116 reports in-sync to a higher layer when the radio link quality is better than the in-sync threshold for any resource in the set of resources used for radio link monitoring.

[0264] In one example, the in-sync / out-of-sync evaluation can be based on a detection accuracy of the low power signal.

[0265] In another example, the in-sync / out-of-sync evaluation can be based on a false alarm rate of the low power signal.

[0266] In one example, when the UE is performing RLM, the UE 116 can be required to perform multiple evaluations per period, and for each evaluation, the UE 116 can perform the evaluation using a reference signal (e.g., SS / PBCH block or CSI-RS) received by the MR or a low power signal (e.g., received by the LR).

[0267] For one instance, the reference signal received from the MR and the low power signal can be quasi co-located or share the same TCI state.

[0268] For yet another instance, there can be a requirement on time resources between the reference signal received from the MR and the low power signal. For one sub-instance, the time resources for the low power signal can be limited within a window duration determined by SMTC. For another sub-instance, the time resources for the low power signal can be limited within a pre-defined duration that is the same as the time resources for the reference signal received from the MR, where the pre-defined duration can be a slot, or a subframe, or a frame. For yet another sub-instance, the time resources for the low power signal can overlap within the time resources for the reference signal received from the MR.

[0269] For yet another instance, when the MR is turned off or goes to deep sleep mode, the low power signal (e.g., received by the LR) can be used to perform the evaluation.

[0270] Figure 7 A structure of a UE according to an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated.

[0271] As Figure 7 illustrated, the UE according to an embodiment can include a transceiver 710, a memory 720, and a processor 730. The transceiver 710, the memory 720, and the processor 730 of the UE can operate according to the communication method of the UE described above. However, the components of the UE are not limited thereto. For example, the UE can include more or less components than the above-described components. Also, the processor 730, the transceiver 710, and the memory 720 can be implemented as a single chip. Also, the processor 730 can include at least one processor. Also, Figure 7 the UE of Figure 3 corresponds to the UE 116 of

[0272] Transceiver 710 is collectively referred to as a UE receiver and a UE transmitter, and can transmit / receive signals to / from a base station or network entity. Signals transmitted to or received from a base station or network entity may include control information and data. Transceiver 710 may include an RF transmitter for up-converting and amplifying the frequency of the transmitted signal, and an RF receiver for amplifying the frequency of the received signal for low noise and down-converting. However, this is only an example of transceiver 710, and the components of transceiver 710 are not limited to RF transmitters and RF receivers.

[0273] In addition, transceiver 710 can receive signals and output signals to processor 730 via a wireless channel, and can also transmit signals output from processor 730 via a wireless channel.

[0274] The memory 720 can store programs and data required for the operation of the UE. Furthermore, the memory 720 can store control information or data included in signals received by the UE. The memory 720 can be a storage medium such as a read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), hard disk, CD-ROM, and DVD, or a combination of storage media.

[0275] The processor 730 can control a series of processes to enable the UE to operate as described above. For example, the transceiver 710 can receive data signals including control signals transmitted by a base station or network entity, and the processor 730 can determine the result of receiving the control signals and data signals transmitted by the base station or network entity.

[0276] Figure 8 The structure of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0277] like Figure 8 As shown, the base station according to the embodiment may include a transceiver 810, a memory 820, and a processor 830. The transceiver 810, memory 820, and processor 830 of the base station can operate according to the communication method of the base station described above. However, the components of the base station are not limited thereto. For example, the base station may include more or fewer components than those described above. Furthermore, the processor 830, transceiver 810, and memory 820 may be implemented as a single chip. Furthermore, the processor 830 may include at least one processor. Additionally, Figure 8 The base station corresponds to Figure 2 gNB 102.

[0278] The transceiver 810 collectively refers to a base station receiver and a base station transmitter, and can transmit / receive a signal to / from a terminal (UE) or a network entity. The signal transmitted / received to / from the terminal or the network entity can include control information and data. The transceiver 810 can include an RF transmitter for up-converting and amplifying a frequency of a transmission signal, and an RF receiver for amplifying a low noise and down-converting a frequency of a reception signal. However, this is merely an example of the transceiver 810, and the components of the transceiver 810 are not limited to the RF transmitter and the RF receiver.

[0279] In addition, the transceiver 810 can receive and output a signal to the processor 830 through a wireless channel, and transmit a signal output from the processor 830 through a wireless channel.

[0280] The memory 820 can store programs and data required for the operation of the base station. In addition, the memory 820 can store control information or data included in a signal obtained by the base station. The memory 820 can be a storage medium such as a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a hard disk, a CD-ROM, and a DVD, or a combination of storage media.

[0281] The processor 830 can control a series of processes so that the base station operates as described above. For example, the transceiver 810 can receive a data signal including a control signal transmitted by a terminal, and the processor 830 can determine the result of receiving the control signal and the data signal transmitted by the terminal.

[0282] Those of skill in the art would understand that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and steps described in the present application can be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of the two. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans can implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.

[0283] In the above-described embodiments of the disclosure, all operations and messages can be selectively performed or can be omitted. In addition, the actions in the respective embodiments do not need to be sequentially performed, and the order of the actions can be different. The messages do not need to be transmitted in order, and the transmission order of the messages can be changed. Each operation and transmission of each message can be independently performed.

[0284] Although the drawings illustrate various examples of user devices, various changes can be made to the drawings. For example, a user device can include any number of each component in any suitable arrangement. In general, the drawings are not to scale and are intended for use only in understanding the range of implementations of the disclosure. Furthermore, although the drawings illustrate an operating environment in which various user device features disclosed in this patent document can be used, these features can be used in any other suitable system.

[0285] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the application can be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0286] The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the present disclosure can be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. The storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read and write information from / to the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium can be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium can reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

[0287] In one or more designs, the functions described can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions can be stored or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.

[0288] While the disclosure has been illustrated and described in the drawings and foregoing description, the disclosure will be further illustrated by the following claims, and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: transceiver; At least one processor, coupled to the transceiver, is configured to: Determine the on / off keying (OOK) waveform for the low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS); Based on LP-SS, determine at least one of the following: LP-SS reference signal received power (LP-RSRP), LP-SS reference signal received quality (LP-RSRQ), LP-SS received signal strength indicator (LP-RSSI), and LP-SS signal-to-noise and interference ratio (LP-SINR). Perform the first radio resource management (RRM) measurement based on LP-SS. The OOK waveform of LP-SS includes segments with non-zero values.

2. The UE according to claim 1, wherein, For the first RRM measurement, the UE is in an RRC idle or RRC inactive state.

3. The UE according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one processor is further configured to: Receive high-level parameters from the base station. Based on high-level parameters, determine the first RRM measurement window for LP-SS; The time-domain resources of the LP-SS used for the first RRM measurement are within the first RRM measurement window.

4. The UE according to claim 3, wherein, The at least one processor is further configured to: Determine discontinuous reception (DRX) operation for low-power receivers (LR), and Determine the time-domain resources within the overlapping time span between the first RRM measurement window and the active period of DRX operation.

5. The UE according to claim 3, wherein, The at least one processor is further configured to: Determine the measurement timing configuration (SMTC) based on the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block. Based on SMTC, a second RRM measurement window for the SS / PBCH block is determined, and The first RRM measurement window is defined as a subset of the second RRM measurement window.

6. The UE according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one processor is further configured to: Perform a second RRM measurement based on the reference signal (RS). Determine multiple measurements within a predefined duration, and The measurement is selected from the plurality of measurements based on either the second RRM measurement based on RS or the first RRM measurement based on LP-SS.

7. The UE according to claim 6, wherein, RS is the secondary synchronization signal (SSS) in the SS / PBCH block.

8. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: Determine the on / off keying (OOK) waveform for the low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS); Based on LP-SS, determine at least one of LP-SS reference signal received power (LP-RSRP), LP-SS reference signal received quality (LP-RSRQ), LP-SS received signal strength indicator (LP-RSSI), and LP-SS signal-to-noise and interference ratio (LP-SINR); as well as Perform the first radio resource management (RRM) measurement based on LP-SS. The OOK waveform of LP-SS includes segments with non-zero values.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, For the first RRM measurement, the UE is in an RRC idle or RRC inactive state.

10. The method of claim 8, further comprising: Receive high-layer parameters from the base station; Based on high-level parameters, determine the first RRM measurement window for LP-SS; The time-domain resources of the LP-SS used for the first RRM measurement are within the first RRM measurement window.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: Determine discontinuous reception (DRX) operation for low power receivers (LR); as well as Determine the time-domain resources within the overlapping time span between the first RRM measurement window and the active period of DRX operation.

12. The method of claim 10, further comprising: Determine the measurement timing configuration (SMTC) based on the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block; The second RRM measurement window for the SS / PBCH block is determined based on SMTC; and The first RRM measurement window is defined as a subset of the second RRM measurement window.

13. The method of claim 8, further comprising: Perform a second RRM measurement based on the reference signal (RS); Determine multiple measurements within a predefined duration; as well as The measurement is selected from the plurality of measurements based on either the second RRM measurement based on RS or the first RRM measurement based on LP-SS.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, RS is the secondary synchronization signal (SSS) in the SS / PBCH block.

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