Charging parking space intelligent occupation management linkage control method and system based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention relates to a charging parking space intelligent occupation management linkage control method and system based on the Internet of Things, and belongs to the field of charging parking space management.The method comprises the steps that the state of a charging pile, the state of a parking space lock and occupation information are collected through Internet of Things equipment, and a dynamic parking space resource pool is constructed; based on knowledge graph semantic reasoning, matching parking spaces meeting vehicle type adaptation and available time periods, and combining historical late data of a user to set elastic reservation retention duration; the identity legality is verified by comparing the information of the reserved vehicle with the information of the actual parking vehicle; and when the charging pile is controlled to start charging and the parking space lock is unlocked, the block chain is synchronously associated to generate the transaction voucher, and the transaction record uploading is completed based on the voucher after the charging is finished, so that the technical effects of efficient matching and dynamic management of the charging parking space resources are realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of charging parking space management, in particular to a charging parking space intelligent occupation management linkage control method and system based on Internet of Things. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the popularization of new energy vehicles, the intelligent management of charging parking spaces is increasingly urgent. The traditional charging parking space management method has the following shortcomings: firstly, the real-time data acquisition and processing capability is limited, it is difficult to integrate charging pile state, parking space occupation information and other multi-source data, resulting in low efficiency of parking space resource scheduling; secondly, the parking reservation matching process lacks semantic reasoning ability, and cannot dynamically optimize resource allocation based on vehicle type adaptation, power grid load and other multi-dimensional parameters, often resulting in a mismatch between reserved parking spaces and vehicle demand; thirdly, the identity verification mechanism is single, relying only on basic information such as license plate recognition for comparison, making it difficult to prevent identity fraud or abnormal occupation behavior; fourthly, the storage and settlement process of charging billing data lacks credible guarantee, and the traditional centralized storage method has the risk of data tampering, and cross-subject cooperation is prone to billing disputes. In addition, the existing scheme lacks adaptability to dynamic scenarios such as user delays, and fixed reservation duration can easily lead to waste or conflict of parking space resources. SUMMARY

[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a charging parking space intelligent occupation management linkage control method and system based on Internet of Things, which realizes the technical effect of efficient matching and dynamic management of charging parking space resources.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the charging parking space intelligent occupation management linkage control method based on Internet of Things provided by the present application comprises the following steps: Obtain real-time data through the charging parking space management network connected by Internet of Things, the real-time data including charging pile state, parking lock state and parking occupation information, and form a dynamic parking resource pool based on the parking resource association model pre-constructed by knowledge graph; Receive a charging reservation request, the charging reservation request containing reservation time and first vehicle information; based on the charging reservation request, match an idle charging parking space that meets vehicle type adaptation and time period availability from the dynamic parking resource pool through semantic reasoning of the knowledge graph, and set an elastic reservation retention period combined with historical delay data, and feedback the completion of the reservation result.

[0005] Obtain second vehicle information when the vehicle enters the parking space through the camera, and vehicle entry state detected by the geomagnetic sensor; perform semantic comparison of the first vehicle information and the second vehicle information in the knowledge graph to verify the vehicle identity and entry legality; If the verification is legal, a charging start instruction is sent to the corresponding charging pile, an unlocking instruction is sent to the corresponding parking lock, the charging pile is controlled to start the charging process, and the parking lock is released; the charging start instruction is synchronously associated with the trusted transaction record of the blockchain to generate a transaction voucher containing the vehicle identification and charging pile ID; After the charging gun is separated, a transaction record is formed on the blockchain using the transaction voucher.

[0006] Further, the step of obtaining real-time data by the charging parking management network accessed by the Internet of Things includes: A charging pile, a parking lock, and a geomagnetic sensor are deployed at each charging parking position as Internet of Things terminal devices, the charging pile collects charging voltage, current, and power parameters in real time as charging pile state data, the parking lock collects locking / unlocking state parameters in real time as parking lock state data, and the geomagnetic sensor collects parking pressure signals in real time as parking occupancy information; each Internet of Things terminal device transmits the collected charging pile state data, parking lock state data, and parking occupancy information to the charging parking management network through an Internet of Things communication protocol.

[0007] Further, based on the parking resource association model pre-constructed by the knowledge graph, the step of forming a dynamic parking resource pool includes: In the knowledge graph, the parking position, the charging pile, and the vehicle type are defined as core entities, the binding relationship between the parking position and the charging pile and the power adaptation relationship between the vehicle type and the charging pile are established, and a basic model architecture containing entity attributes and semantic relationships is formed; The charging pile number corresponding to each parking position, the rated power threshold, and the adaptation power range of each vehicle type and the static data of the vehicle type parameters are stored in the knowledge graph in the form of triples to generate an initial parking resource association model; The collected charging pile state data, parking lock state data, and parking occupancy information are used as dynamic attributes and the static relationship of the corresponding entity in the knowledge graph for semantic association to update the real-time state parameters of the entity; Based on the real-time updated entity state and semantic relationship in the knowledge graph, a dynamic parking resource pool containing the parking position available state, the charging pile actual power matching degree, and the time period occupancy situation is generated.

[0008] Further, based on the charging reservation request, the step of matching an idle charging parking position that meets the vehicle type adaptation and time period availability from the dynamic parking resource pool through semantic reasoning of the knowledge graph includes: The reservation time range in the request and the vehicle type parameters in the first vehicle information are extracted; Based on the vehicle type parameters, the pre-stored vehicle type-charging pile power adaptation relationship in the knowledge graph is queried to obtain the charging pile power threshold range matched with the vehicle type; Based on the reservation time range, query the time period occupation state of each parking space in the dynamic parking space resource pool, and select the idle parking space without conflict in the time range; The charging pile bound to the parking space meeting the vehicle type adaptation power threshold range is intersected with the available idle parking space in the time period to obtain the idle charging parking space meeting the condition.

[0009] Further, the step of setting the elastic reservation retention time length in combination with the historical delay data includes: determine whether the user ID is a new user, if so, generate the retention time length using the preset time threshold, if not, extract the historical reservation arrival time and actual arrival time difference of the current user from the historical reservation records stored in the block chain to form the late time length data set of the user; Based on the late time length data set, the average late time length and the maximum late time length of the user are counted as the late characteristic value of the user; Add the average late time length of the user to the system preset retention time length to generate the elastic reservation retention time length, and additionally superimpose the abnormal buffer time length if the user has abnormal records exceeding the maximum late time length; Associate the elastic reservation retention time length to the current reservation request, and set the parking space resource to be reserved for the user within the reservation time ± the elastic reservation retention time length range.

[0010] Further, the step of verifying the vehicle identity and entry legality by performing semantic comparison on the first vehicle information and the second vehicle information in the knowledge graph includes: extract the reservation license plate and vehicle type parameters in the first vehicle information as reference features; extract the actual license plate and vehicle contour features in the second vehicle information as verification features; Based on the reservation license plate in the reference features, query the pre-stored binding relationship in the knowledge graph to obtain the legal reservation identifier corresponding to the license plate; Match the actual license plate in the verification features with the reservation license plate in the reference features, and determine the vehicle identity and entry legality when the license plate characters match.

[0011] Further, the step of sending a charging start instruction to the corresponding charging pile and sending an unlocking instruction to the corresponding parking lock to control the charging pile to start the charging process and release the parking lock includes: Based on the parking space number associated with the reservation record in the knowledge graph, match the charging pile ID and parking lock ID bound to the parking space to determine the target charging pile and target parking lock; According to the vehicle battery parameters and real-time power of the charging pile in the knowledge graph, generate charging start instruction parameters containing target charging power and charging time length threshold, and generate parking lock unlocking instruction parameters containing unlocking verification code; The target charging pile receives the charging start instruction parameters, establishes a communication connection with the vehicle BMS, verifies the matching of the vehicle battery requirements, and starts the charging process after the matching is passed; The target parking lock receives the parking lock unlocking instruction parameters, verifies the consistency of the unlocking verification code and the blockchain transaction certificate, and executes the unlocking action after the verification is passed, releasing the parking lock.

[0012] Further, the charging start instruction synchronously associates the trusted transaction record of the blockchain, and the step of generating a transaction certificate containing the vehicle identification and charging pile ID includes: Extract the vehicle identification (such as license plate hash value), charging pile ID, reservation timestamp, and parking space number from the reservation record of the knowledge graph, and obtain the current charging start time from real-time data as a transaction time parameter; Hash the vehicle identification, charging pile ID, reservation timestamp, and charging start time through SHA-256 algorithm to generate a unique transaction pre-hash value; Based on the smart contract template of the alliance chain, encapsulate the transaction pre-hash value, vehicle DID, charging pile device certificate, and initial transaction state to form a standardized blockchain transaction data set; Broadcast the transaction data set to each node of the charging parking space management network chain through the P2P communication protocol, and trigger the consensus mechanism to verify the transaction legality; After the consensus verification is passed, the blockchain network allocates a unique block height and timestamp for the transaction, generates a transaction certificate containing the transaction hash, block height, and timestamp, and associates the certificate with the charging start instruction through the smart contract, and synchronously updates the transaction state of the corresponding charging process in the knowledge graph to the on-chain record.

[0013] Further, after the charging gun is disconnected, the step of forming a transaction record on the blockchain using the transaction certificate includes: The charging pile monitors the charging gun connection state in real time, and triggers the charging end event when detecting that the charging gun is physically disconnected from the vehicle charging interface; The charging pile collects the actual charging duration, consumed power, charging end time, and power fluctuation data during charging to generate a charging end data set Extract the transaction hash, block height, and timestamp from the transaction certificate, hash bind the charging end data set with the transaction certificate, and form a complete transaction record data set; Encapsulate the transaction record data set, vehicle DID, charging pile device certificate, and transaction state into a standardized blockchain transaction package; The transaction package is broadcast to each node of the charging parking space management network chain through the P2P network, a consensus mechanism is triggered to verify the integrity of the transaction data and the matching with the original transaction voucher, and after verification, the transaction package is added to the latest block of the blockchain to form an unalterable transaction record.

[0014] The application also provides a charging parking space intelligent occupation management linkage control system based on the Internet of Things, comprising: The acquisition unit is configured to acquire real-time data of the charging parking space management network accessed through the Internet of Things, wherein the real-time data comprises charging pile states, parking lock states and parking occupation information, and form a dynamic parking resource pool based on a parking resource association model pre-constructed based on a knowledge graph. The request unit is configured to receive a charging reservation request, wherein the charging reservation request comprises a reservation time and first vehicle information, match an idle charging parking space that meets vehicle type adaptation and time period availability from the dynamic parking resource pool through semantic reasoning of the knowledge graph based on the charging reservation request, set an elastic reservation reservation time length in combination with historical tardiness data, and feed back a completed reservation result.

[0015] The comparison unit is configured to acquire second vehicle information of a vehicle entering a parking space collected by a camera and vehicle entry state detected by a geomagnetic sensor, and perform semantic comparison of the first vehicle information and the second vehicle information in the knowledge graph to verify vehicle identity and entry legality. The instruction unit is configured to send a charging start instruction to a corresponding charging pile and an unlocking instruction to a corresponding parking lock to control the charging pile to start a charging process and release the parking lock if the verification is legal, and the charging start instruction is synchronously associated with a trusted transaction record of the blockchain to generate a transaction voucher comprising vehicle identification and charging pile ID. The storage unit is configured to form a transaction record on the blockchain using the transaction voucher after the charging gun is separated.

[0016] The charging parking space intelligent occupation management linkage control method and system based on the Internet of Things have the following beneficial effects: (1) The dynamic parking resource pool is constructed through the knowledge graph and combined with semantic reasoning to match idle parking spaces that meet vehicle type adaptation and time period availability, improve matching efficiency, and reduce user waiting time. (2) Multi-dimensional semantic comparison based on the knowledge graph realizes double verification of vehicle identity and entry state, and improves abnormal occupation identification accuracy. (3) The charging transaction data is stored in an unalterable manner through the blockchain, and the smart contract is combined to realize automatic calculation and distribution of charging fees, and the trust efficiency of cross-subject cooperation is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1is a flowchart of an Internet of Things-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control method for charging parking spaces in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 is a structural block diagram of an Internet of Things-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control system for charging parking spaces in an embodiment of the present application.

[0018] The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and do not limit the present application.

[0020] Reference Figure 1 A flowchart of an Internet of Things-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control method for charging parking spaces is proposed in the present application, the method comprising the following steps: S1, obtaining real-time data through an Internet of Things-connected charging parking space management network, the real-time data including charging pile status, parking lock status and parking occupancy information, and forming a dynamic parking resource pool based on a parking resource association model pre-constructed based on a knowledge graph; S2, receiving a charging reservation request, the charging reservation request containing reservation time and first vehicle information; based on the charging reservation request, matching an idle charging parking space that meets vehicle type adaptation and time period availability from the dynamic parking resource pool through semantic reasoning of the knowledge graph, and setting an elastic reservation reservation time based on historical tardiness data, and feeding back a completed reservation result.

[0021] S3, obtaining second vehicle information when a vehicle enters a parking space through a camera, and vehicle entry state detected by a geomagnetic sensor; performing semantic comparison of the first vehicle information and the second vehicle information in the knowledge graph to verify vehicle identity and entry legality; S4, if the verification is legal, sending a charging start instruction to the corresponding charging pile and an unlocking instruction to the corresponding parking lock to control the charging pile to start the charging process and release the parking lock; the charging start instruction is synchronously associated with a trusted transaction record of a blockchain to generate a transaction voucher containing vehicle identification and charging pile ID; S5, after the charging gun is detached, forming a transaction record on the blockchain using the transaction voucher.

[0022] The present application adopts a server as the execution subject of the Internet of Things-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control method for charging parking spaces, and the server adopts a computer device.

[0023] In one embodiment, the step of acquiring real-time data by the charging parking space management network accessed through the Internet of Things includes: A charging pile, a parking lock, and a geomagnetic sensor are deployed at each charging parking space as Internet of Things terminal devices. The charging pile collects charging voltage, current, and power parameters in real time as charging pile state data. The parking lock collects locking / unlocking state parameters in real time as parking lock state data. The geomagnetic sensor collects parking pressure signals in real time as parking occupancy information. Each Internet of Things terminal device transmits the collected charging pile state data, parking lock state data, and parking occupancy information to the charging parking space management network through an Internet of Things communication protocol.

[0024] In a specific implementation, a charging pile, a parking lock, and a geomagnetic sensor are deployed at each charging parking space as core Internet of Things terminal devices. The charging pile integrates a high-precision sensor to collect voltage, current, power, and other key parameters in real time during the charging process. These parameters constitute core data reflecting the operating state of the charging pile. For example, when the power parameter shows 0 kW, it can be determined that the charging pile is in an idle state. Dynamic current and voltage parameters are used to monitor the charging efficiency and equipment health in real time. The parking lock is designed with electromechanical integration and collects locking or unlocking state parameters through a built-in state sensor. This data directly reflects the occupancy control state of the parking space. For example, the “locked” state indicates that the parking space is in a protection mode to prevent unauthorized occupation, and the “unlocked” state indicates that the vehicle is allowed to park normally. The geomagnetic sensor is buried below the ground surface of the parking space and continuously collects parking pressure signals through a high-sensitivity pressure sensing element. This signal can accurately reflect whether the parking space is actually occupied by a vehicle and the vehicle's entry posture. For example, when the pressure value rises to 500 N or above, it can be determined that the vehicle has parked in. The uniform distribution of the pressure signal can assist in determining whether the vehicle is completely parked within the parking space range. The three types of terminal devices form a distributed data collection network through a low-power wide-area network communication protocol (such as NB-IoT or LoRa) or a short-range wireless protocol (such as Bluetooth or Zigbee). After standardizing the format and filtering and preprocessing the noise of the real-time collected charging pile state data, parking lock state data, and parking occupancy information, they are transmitted to the core server of the charging parking space management network through a secure encrypted channel.

[0025] In one embodiment, based on the charging parking space resource association model pre-constructed by the knowledge graph, the step of forming a dynamic charging parking space resource pool includes: In the knowledge graph, define the parking space, charging pile, and vehicle type as core entities, establish the binding relationship between the parking space and the charging pile, and the power adaptation relationship between the vehicle type and the charging pile, and form a basic model architecture containing entity attributes and semantic relationships. The charging pile number corresponding to each parking space, the rated power threshold, and the static data of the adaptive power range of each vehicle type and the vehicle type parameter are stored in the knowledge graph in the form of triples to generate an initial parking space resource association model; The acquired charging pile state data, parking space lock state data, and parking space occupancy information are semantically associated with the static relationship of the corresponding entity in the knowledge graph as dynamic attributes to update the real-time state parameters of the entity; Based on the real-time updated entity state and semantic relationship in the knowledge graph, a dynamic parking space resource pool is generated, which includes the parking space available state, the charging pile actual power matching degree, and the time period occupancy.

[0026] In specific implementation, in the knowledge graph architecture, "parking space", "charging pile", and "vehicle type" are defined as core entities, wherein the "parking space" entity includes physical attributes such as number, size, and location, the "charging pile" entity covers technical parameters such as device ID, rated power, and interface type, and the "vehicle type" entity integrates characteristic parameters such as vehicle type, battery capacity, and adaptive power range; at the same time, semantic relationships between entities are established, such as "parking space-bound-charging pile" indicating that a certain parking space is fixedly equipped with a charging device, and "vehicle type-adaptive-charging pile" indicating that a specific vehicle type supports a charging power range, forming a basic model architecture including entity attributes and associated relationships, and providing a unified semantic framework for subsequent data integration.

[0027] Secondly, the static basic data is imported into the knowledge graph in the form of triples (entity-relation-attribute), for example, "parking space 101-bound-charging pile A, rated power 22kW" and "vehicle type X-adaptive-power 10kW~22kW". Through this structured storage method, an initial parking space resource association model is generated, the static modeling of the binding relationship between the parking space and the charging pile and the adaptive relationship between the vehicle and the charging pile is realized, and the basic data chassis of the knowledge graph is formed.

[0028] When the Internet of Things terminal device collects real-time data (such as current charging pile power, parking space lock state, and geomagnetic sensor pressure signal), the system semantically associates these dynamic data as real-time attributes of the entity with the corresponding static entity in the knowledge graph: for example, the real-time power of the charging pile (such as 15kW) is combined with the "rated power" attribute of the "charging pile A" entity to calculate the actual available power (22kW-15kW=7kW); the parking space lock unlocking state is associated with the "occupancy state" of the "parking space 101" entity, and is marked as "in reservation"; after judging that the vehicle enters the parking space according to the geomagnetic sensor pressure signal, the "current occupied vehicle" attribute of "parking space 101" is updated to a specific vehicle type. Through this dynamic attribute update, the real-time refresh of the entity state in the knowledge graph is realized.

[0029] Finally, the system automatically generates a dynamic parking resource pool containing multi-dimensional information based on the real-time updated entity status and semantic relationships in the knowledge graph: Among them, the "parking space available state" integrates the parking lock state, geomagnetic signal and reservation record, and marks the parking space as "idle", "reserved", "charging" and other states; The "charging pile actual power matching degree" combines the vehicle type adaptive power range and the real-time available power of the charging pile, and calculates the matching coefficient through algorithm (such as vehicle type X adapts to 10kW~22kW, and charging pile A currently available 7kW, the matching degree is 0.3); The "time period occupation situation" marks the occupation conflict state of the parking space in the future time period according to the historical and current reservation record (such as 14:00-15:00 has been reserved).

[0030] In one embodiment, based on the charging reservation request, the step of matching the idle charging parking space that meets the vehicle type adaptation and time period availability from the dynamic parking resource pool through semantic reasoning of the knowledge graph includes: Extract the reservation time range in the request and the vehicle type parameters in the first vehicle information; Based on the vehicle type parameters, query the pre-stored vehicle type-charging pile power adaptation relationship in the knowledge graph to obtain the charging pile power threshold range matched with the vehicle type; Based on the reservation time range, query the time period occupation state of each parking space in the dynamic parking resource pool, and select the idle parking space without conflict in the time range; The parking space bound to the charging pile that meets the vehicle type adaptation power threshold range is intersected with the idle parking space available in the time period to obtain the idle charging parking space that meets the condition.

[0031] In a specific implementation, the reservation time range in the charging reservation request and the vehicle model parameter in the first vehicle information are extracted, wherein the vehicle model parameter includes technical parameters related to charging to define the adaptation requirement of the vehicle to the charging pile power; then, based on the extracted vehicle model parameter, a semantic query is performed through the pre-stored vehicle model-charging pile power adaptation relationship in the knowledge graph to obtain a charging pile power threshold range matched with the vehicle model, thereby establishing a semantic association between the vehicle charging demand and the technical parameters of the charging pile; subsequently, the time period occupancy state of each parking space in the dynamic parking space resource pool is queried according to the reservation time range, and based on the real-time updated reservation records and parking space occupancy state data in the knowledge graph, parking spaces that have no reservation conflicts and are in an idle state within the time range are screened out; finally, the parking spaces bound to the charging piles that meet the vehicle model adaptation power threshold range are intersected with the above-mentioned screened out time period available idle parking spaces, and through the binding relationship semantic chain between the parking spaces and the charging piles in the knowledge graph, the target parking space that meets the vehicle model power adaptation condition and the time period availability condition is accurately positioned, thereby forming an idle charging parking space set that meets the user reservation demand. Through the semantic reasoning capability of the knowledge graph, the multi-dimensional information such as the vehicle charging demand, the technical parameters of the charging pile, and the parking space time period occupancy state is associated and logically calculated, thereby realizing efficient and accurate matching of the charging parking space.

[0032] In one embodiment, the step of setting the flexible reservation retention time length in combination with the historical late data includes: determining whether the user ID is a new user, if yes, generating the retention time length by using a preset time threshold, and if no, extracting the difference between the historical reservation arrival time and the actual arrival time of the current user from the historical reservation records stored in the blockchain to form a late time length data set of the user; based on the late time length data set, statistically calculating the average late time length and the maximum late time length of the user as the late characteristic value of the user; adding the average late time length of the user to the system preset retention time length to generate the flexible reservation retention time length, and if the user has an abnormal record exceeding the maximum late time length, an abnormal buffer time length is additionally added; associating the flexible reservation retention time length to the current reservation request to reserve the parking space resource for the user within the reservation time ± the flexible reservation retention time length range.

[0033] In a specific implementation, it is judged by the user ID whether it is a new user, if it is a new user, a fixed time threshold preset by the system is directly used to generate a reservation duration; if it is a non-new user, a difference between a predicted arrival time and an actual arrival time of historical reservations of the user is extracted from historical reservation records stored in the blockchain distributed storage, forming a personalized late duration dataset. Then statistical analysis is performed on the dataset, and the average late duration and the maximum late duration of the user are calculated as characteristic values representing the historical late behavior of the user. Then the average late duration of the user is superimposed on the basic reservation duration preset by the system to generate an initial flexible reservation duration; if there is an abnormal situation exceeding the maximum late duration in the user's historical records, an additional abnormal buffer duration is superimposed on the initial duration to form the final flexible reservation duration. Finally, the flexible duration is associated with the current reservation request, and the flexible reservation duration range is expanded before and after the reservation time point to set the reservation state of the corresponding parking space resource, so that the parking space resource is not released or allocated to other users within the time range in which the user may be late. This step dynamically adjusts the reservation duration by combining historical behavior data of the user, realizes the adaptability of the reservation mechanism to the personalized late arrival of the user, improves the utilization efficiency of parking space resources, reduces the problems of reservation failure or resource conflict caused by the user's late arrival, and enhances the intelligent scheduling capability and user experience of the system.

[0034] In one embodiment, the first vehicle information and the second vehicle information are semantically compared in a knowledge graph to verify the vehicle identity and the legality of the parking step, comprising: extracting the reserved license plate and the vehicle model parameters in the first vehicle information as reference features; extracting the actual license plate and the vehicle contour features in the second vehicle information as verification features; based on the reserved license plate in the reference features, querying the pre-stored binding relationship in the knowledge graph to obtain the legal reservation identifier corresponding to the license plate; character matching is performed between the actual license plate in the verification features and the reserved license plate in the reference features, and when the license plate characters match, the vehicle identity and the legality of the parking are determined.

[0035] In specific implementation, the reservation license plate and vehicle model parameters in the first vehicle information of the charging reservation request are extracted as reference features, and the actual license plate and body contour features in the second vehicle information collected by the camera are extracted as verification features to form a two-way data set for comparison; then, based on the reservation license plate in the reference features, a semantic query is performed through the pre-stored binding relationship of "vehicle identification - user account - reservation record" in the knowledge graph to obtain the legal reservation identification corresponding to the license plate, and a semantic association between the reservation information and the vehicle identity is established; subsequently, the actual license plate in the verification features is subjected to character-level accurate matching with the reservation license plate in the reference features, and the consistency of the two is determined through a string similarity algorithm (such as edit distance calculation); when the license plate characters are completely matched, the vehicle identity is comprehensively determined to be legal and the parking position meets the reservation requirements in combination with the pre-stored vehicle model and parking position adaptation relationship in the knowledge graph and the vehicle parking state detected by the geomagnetic sensor. This process performs two-way verification of the vehicle reservation information and the actual collected information through the semantic association capability of the knowledge graph, ensures that only the legal vehicle corresponding to the reservation license plate can trigger the subsequent charging and unlocking process, effectively prevents unauthorized vehicles from occupying the reserved parking position, and improves the safety and accuracy of the legality verification of the parking position.

[0036] In one embodiment, the steps of sending a charging start instruction to the corresponding charging pile, sending an unlocking instruction to the corresponding parking lock, and controlling the charging pile to start the charging process and release the parking lock, include: Based on the parking position number associated with the reservation record in the knowledge graph, the charging pile ID and the parking lock ID bound to the parking position are matched to determine the target charging pile and the target parking lock. According to the vehicle battery parameters and the real-time power of the charging pile in the knowledge graph, the charging start instruction parameters including the target charging power and the charging time threshold are generated, and the parking lock unlocking instruction parameters including the unlocking verification code are generated. After the target charging pile receives the charging start instruction parameters, it establishes a communication connection with the vehicle BMS, verifies the matching of the vehicle battery requirements, and starts the charging process after the matching is passed. After the target parking lock receives the parking lock unlocking instruction parameters, it verifies the consistency of the unlocking verification code and the blockchain transaction voucher, and performs the unlocking action after the verification is passed to release the parking lock.

[0037] In a specific implementation, based on the parking record associated with the parking space number in the knowledge graph, the semantic query is performed through the predefined "parking space - charging pile binding relationship" and "parking space - parking lock association relationship", the charging pile ID and the parking lock ID corresponding to the parking space are accurately matched, and the physical device addressing path for sending the instruction is determined; then, according to the vehicle battery parameters (such as battery capacity, charging cutoff voltage) and the real-time power state (rated power minus current load) of the charging pile stored in the knowledge graph, the intelligent algorithm is used to generate the charging start instruction parameters containing the target charging power and the charging duration threshold, and the unlocking verification code containing the timestamp and the random number is generated based on the trusted transaction voucher generated by the blockchain, to form the parking lock unlocking instruction parameters; subsequently, after the target charging pile receives the charging start instruction parameters, a two-way communication connection is established between the target charging pile and the vehicle BMS (battery management system) through the ISO 15118 standard communication protocol, the matching of the charging parameters and the vehicle battery requirements is verified, including the voltage range, the current upper limit, the charging protocol compatibility and other key indicators, and after the matching is passed, the charging control module is activated to start the charging process; at the same time, after the target parking lock receives the unlocking instruction parameters, the unlocking verification code in the unlocking instruction parameters is verified for consistency with the transaction voucher stored in the blockchain, the source of the instruction is ensured to be trusted and not tampered through the timestamp comparison, the digital signature verification and other cryptographic means, and after the verification is passed, the unlocking action is executed by the electromechanical actuator to release the physical locking of the parking space. The process realizes accurate addressing of the equipment through semantic association of the knowledge graph, ensures the safety of the instruction through the trusted voucher of the blockchain, and finally realizes the safe linkage control of the charging process and the unlocking of the parking space through the two-way authentication and parameter matching between the equipment, which not only guarantees the technical adaptability of the charging operation, but also strengthens the permission management of the parking space use.

[0038] In one embodiment, the step of synchronizing the charging start instruction with the trusted transaction record of the blockchain to generate a transaction voucher containing the vehicle identification and the charging pile ID includes: extracting the vehicle identification (such as the license plate hash value), the charging pile ID, the reservation timestamp and the parking space number from the reservation record of the knowledge graph, and obtaining the current charging start time as a transaction time parameter from the real-time data; performing hash operation on the vehicle identification, the charging pile ID, the reservation timestamp and the charging start time through the SHA-256 algorithm to generate a unique transaction pre-hash value; based on the smart contract template of the alliance chain, encapsulating the transaction pre-hash value, the vehicle DID, the charging pile device certificate and the initial transaction state to form a standardized blockchain transaction data group; broadcasting the transaction data group to each node of the charging parking space management network chain through the P2P communication protocol to trigger the consensus mechanism to verify the legality of the transaction; After the consensus verification, the blockchain network assigns a unique block height and timestamp to the transaction, generates a transaction certificate containing the transaction hash, block height, and timestamp, and encrypts the certificate and the charging start instruction through the smart contract, and synchronously updates the transaction state of the corresponding charging process in the knowledge graph to the chain record.

[0039] In a specific implementation, the vehicle identifier (such as the license plate number processed by SHA-256 hashing), charging pile ID, reservation timestamp, and parking space number are extracted from the reservation record in the knowledge graph, and the accurate charging start time is obtained from the real-time data collection system as the transaction time parameter to construct the transaction basic data set. Then, after data formatting processing of the extracted vehicle identifier, charging pile ID, reservation timestamp, and charging start time, one-way hashing operation is performed through SHA-256 cryptographic hashing algorithm to generate a fixed-length transaction pre-hash value, ensuring the uniqueness and tamper-proofing of the data. Subsequently, based on the preset smart contract template of the alliance chain, the transaction pre-hash value, vehicle DID (decentralized identity), charging pile device certificate, and initial transaction state (such as "charging") are structured and packaged to form a standardized transaction data group conforming to the transmission specification of the blockchain network. Through the P2P point-to-point communication protocol, the transaction data group is broadcast to each consensus node of the charging parking space management alliance chain, triggering the PBFT (practical Byzantine fault tolerance) or PoS (proof of stake) consensus mechanism to verify the legality of the transaction participant's identity, data integrity, and business rule compliance. When more than 2 / 3 of the consensus nodes pass the verification, the blockchain network assigns a unique block height and globally consistent timestamp to the transaction, generates an tamper-proof transaction certificate containing the transaction hash, block height, and timestamp, and through the automatic execution function of the smart contract, associates the certificate with the charging start instruction through asymmetric encryption, and synchronously updates the transaction state of the corresponding charging process in the knowledge graph to "chain record". This process ensures that the charging transaction is recorded and tamper-proofed from the start time through the distributed ledger feature of the blockchain, providing a trusted digital basis for subsequent fee settlement, service audit, and dispute arbitration. Combined with the semantic association capability of the knowledge graph, it realizes the real-time mapping and cooperation of physical charging behavior and digital transaction record in the physical world, and builds a trusted charging service ecosystem.

[0040] In one embodiment, after the charging gun is detached, the step of forming a transaction record on the blockchain using the transaction certificate includes: The charging pile monitors the charging gun connection state in real time, and triggers the charging end event when detecting that the charging gun is physically detached from the vehicle charging interface. The charging pile collects the actual charging duration, consumed power, charging end time, and power fluctuation data during charging to generate a charging end data set extracting the transaction hash, block height and timestamp in the transaction receipt, hashing binding the charging end dataset with the transaction receipt to form a complete transaction record data set; packaging the transaction record data set, vehicle DID, charging pile device certificate and transaction status into a standardized blockchain transaction package; broadcasting the transaction package to each node of the charging space management network chain through the P2P network, triggering the consensus mechanism to verify the integrity of the transaction data and the matching with the original transaction receipt; after verification, the transaction package is added to the latest block of the blockchain to form an unalterable transaction record.

[0041] In specific implementation, the charging pile monitors the physical connection state of the charging gun in real time through the built-in Hall sensor or micro switch, and immediately triggers the charging end event and generates a timestamp when it detects that the charging gun is separated from the vehicle charging interface. Then, the metering unit of the charging pile collects data such as actual charging duration, cumulative consumed power, accurate charging end time and power fluctuation curve during charging, and generates a charging end dataset containing electrical parameters and time series after data cleaning and format standardization processing. Subsequently, the system extracts key identification information such as transaction hash, block height and timestamp from the transaction receipt stored in the blockchain, and performs secondary hash operation on the charging end dataset and the transaction receipt to realize data binding through the Merkle tree structure, forming a complete transaction record data set containing historical transaction information and real-time charging data.

[0042] Further, the data set, vehicle DID (decentralized identity), charging pile device certificate and current transaction status (such as "charging completed") are structured and packaged according to the smart contract specification of the consortium chain to generate a standardized blockchain transaction package that complies with the RLP (recursive length prefix) coding rules. This transaction package is broadcast to each consensus node of the charging space management consortium chain through the P2P network, triggering the PBFT (practical Byzantine fault tolerance) or PoS (proof of stake) consensus mechanism, and each node verifies the integrity of the transaction data (such as hash value matching), the validity of the device certificate and the association with the original transaction receipt. When more than 2 / 3 of the consensus nodes pass the verification, the main chain node adds the transaction package to the latest block of the blockchain, ensures the irreversibility of data writing through the proof of work mechanism, and finally forms an unalterable transaction record containing complete charging process information. This record automatically triggers the smart contract to execute the subsequent distribution process and synchronously updates the charging status in the knowledge graph to "completed", realizing closed-loop management of physical charging behavior and digital transaction record, and providing a reliable data foundation for energy settlement, carbon footprint tracking and device operation and maintenance.

[0043] Reference is made to the accompanying drawings Figure 2A structural block diagram of a charging parking space intelligent occupation management linkage control system based on the Internet of Things is provided in the application, and the system comprises: An acquisition unit is configured to acquire real-time data through a charging parking space management network accessed by the Internet of Things, wherein the real-time data comprises charging pile states, parking lock states and parking occupation information, and a parking resource association model is formed based on a knowledge graph pre-constructed dynamic parking resource pool; A request unit is configured to receive a charging reservation request, wherein the charging reservation request comprises a reservation time and first vehicle information; based on the charging reservation request, an idle charging parking space that meets vehicle type adaptation and time period availability is matched from the dynamic parking resource pool through semantic reasoning of the knowledge graph, and an elastic reservation reservation time length is set in combination with historical tardiness data, and a reservation completion result is fed back.

[0044] A comparison unit is configured to acquire second vehicle information when a vehicle enters a parking space and a vehicle parking state detected by a geomagnetic sensor, and perform semantic comparison of the first vehicle information and the second vehicle information in the knowledge graph to verify vehicle identity and parking legality. An instruction unit is configured to send a charging start instruction to a corresponding charging pile and an unlocking instruction to a corresponding parking lock if the verification is legal, to control the charging pile to start a charging process and release the parking lock; the charging start instruction is synchronously associated with a trusted transaction record of a blockchain to generate a transaction voucher comprising a vehicle identifier and a charging pile ID. A storage unit is configured to form a transaction record on the blockchain using the transaction voucher after the charging gun is separated.

[0045] In summary, the charging parking space intelligent occupation management linkage control method and system based on the Internet of Things provided in the application realizes intelligent scheduling and trusted management of parking resources through the integration of knowledge graph and blockchain technology, the method acquires charging pile states, parking lock states and occupation information through Internet of Things devices, constructs a dynamic parking resource pool; based on semantic reasoning of the knowledge graph, a parking space that meets vehicle type adaptation and time period availability is matched, and an elastic reservation reservation time length is set in combination with historical tardiness data of a user; the identity legality is verified by comparing the reservation vehicle information and the actual parking vehicle information; when the charging pile is started and the parking lock is unlocked, a transaction voucher is synchronously generated based on the blockchain, and the transaction record is completed based on the voucher after the charging is completed, the application realizes efficient matching and dynamic management of charging parking resources, improves resource scheduling efficiency through semantic association of the knowledge graph, ensures that transaction data cannot be tampered with through the blockchain, solves the problems of data isolation, low matching efficiency and untrusted billing in traditional management, and can be widely applied to intelligent operation scenarios of new energy vehicle charging parking spaces.

[0046] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the patent scope of the present application, and any equivalent structure or equivalent process conversion, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, which are made by using the content of the present application specification and drawings, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An Internet of Things-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control method for charging parking spaces, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Obtain real-time data through the charging parking space management network accessed by the Internet of Things, the real-time data including charging pile state, parking lock state and parking occupancy information, and form a dynamic parking resource pool based on a parking resource association model pre-constructed by a knowledge graph; Receive a charging reservation request, the charging reservation request including reservation time and first vehicle information; Based on the charging reservation request, match an idle charging parking space that meets vehicle type adaptation and time period availability from the dynamic parking resource pool through semantic reasoning of the knowledge graph, set an elastic reservation reservation time length in combination with historical tardiness data, and feed back a completed reservation result; Collect second vehicle information and vehicle entry state when a vehicle enters a parking space, and perform semantic comparison of the first vehicle information and the second vehicle information in the knowledge graph to verify vehicle identity and entry legality; If the verification is legal, send a charging start instruction to the corresponding charging pile and an unlocking instruction to the corresponding parking lock to control the charging pile to start a charging process and release the parking lock; the charging start instruction is synchronously associated with a trusted transaction record of a blockchain to generate a transaction voucher including vehicle identification and charging pile ID; After the charging gun is separated, form a transaction record on the blockchain by using the transaction voucher. 2.The IoT-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control method for charging parking spaces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining real-time data through the charging parking space management network accessed by the Internet of Things comprises: Deploy charging piles, parking locks and geomagnetic sensors as Internet of Things terminal devices at each charging parking space, the charging piles collect charging voltage, current and power parameters in real time as charging pile state data; the parking locks collect locking / unlocking state parameters in real time as parking lock state data; the geomagnetic sensors collect parking pressure signals in real time as parking occupancy information; each Internet of Things terminal device transmits the collected charging pile state data, parking lock state data and parking occupancy information to the charging parking space management network through an Internet of Things communication protocol. 3.The IoT-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control method of charging parking spaces according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of forming a dynamic parking resource pool based on a parking resource association model pre-constructed by a knowledge graph comprises: Define parking spaces, charging piles and vehicle types as core entities in the knowledge graph, establish a binding relationship between parking spaces and charging piles and a power adaptation relationship between vehicle types and charging piles, and form a basic model architecture including entity attributes and semantic relationships; Store the charging pile numbers, rated power thresholds corresponding to each parking space, and the adaptation power ranges and vehicle type parameters of each vehicle type as static data in the knowledge graph in the form of triples to generate an initial parking resource association model; Semantically associate the obtained charging pile state data, parking lock state data and parking occupancy information with the static relationships of the corresponding entities in the knowledge graph as dynamic attributes to update the real-time state parameters of the entities; Based on the real-time updated entity states and semantic relationships in the knowledge graph, generate a dynamic parking resource pool including parking space availability state, charging pile actual power matching degree and time period occupancy. 4.The IoT-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control method for charging parking spaces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of matching an idle charging parking space that meets vehicle type adaptation and time period availability from the dynamic parking resource pool based on the charging reservation request through semantic reasoning of the knowledge graph comprises: Extract the reservation time range in the request and the vehicle type parameters in the first vehicle information; Based on the vehicle type parameters, query the pre-stored vehicle type-charging pile power adaptation relationship in the knowledge graph to obtain the charging pile power threshold range matched with the vehicle type; Based on the reservation time range, query the time period occupation state of each parking space in the dynamic parking space resource pool, and select the idle parking spaces without conflicts within the time range; The charging pile bound to the vehicle type adaptation power threshold range is intersected with the time period available idle parking space to obtain the idle charging parking space that meets the condition. 5.The IoT-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control method of charging parking spaces according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of setting the flexible reservation retention time length combined with the historical tardiness data includes: Determine whether the user ID is a new user. If yes, generate the retention time length using the preset time threshold. If no, then, Extract the historical reservation arrival time and actual arrival time difference of the current user from the historical reservation records stored in the blockchain to form the tardiness time length dataset of the user; Based on the tardiness time length dataset, the average tardiness time length and the maximum tardiness time length of the user are calculated as the tardiness characteristic value of the user; Add the average tardiness time length of the user to the system preset retention time length to generate the flexible reservation retention time length. If the user has abnormal records exceeding the maximum tardiness time length, an additional abnormal buffer time length is added. Associate the flexible reservation retention time length to the current reservation request, and set the parking space resource to be reserved for the user within the reservation time ± the flexible reservation retention time length range. 6.The IoT-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control method of charging parking spaces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of verifying the vehicle identity and legality of entering the position by performing semantic comparison of the first vehicle information and the second vehicle information in the knowledge graph includes: Extract the reservation license plate and vehicle type parameters in the first vehicle information as the reference features; extract the actual license plate and vehicle body contour features in the second vehicle information as the verification features; Based on the reservation license plate in the reference features, query the pre-stored binding relationship in the knowledge graph to obtain the legal reservation identifier corresponding to the license plate; Match the actual license plate in the verification features with the reservation license plate in the reference features. When the license plate characters match, determine the vehicle identity and legality of entering the position. 7.The IoT-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control method of charging parking spaces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of sending a charging start instruction to the corresponding charging pile and a lock release instruction to the corresponding parking lock to control the charging pile to start the charging process and release the parking lock includes: Based on the parking space number associated with the reservation record in the knowledge graph, match the charging pile ID and parking lock ID bound to the parking space to determine the target charging pile and target parking lock; According to the vehicle battery parameters and real-time power of the charging pile in the knowledge graph, generate charging start instruction parameters including target charging power and charging time length threshold, and generate parking lock release instruction parameters including unlock verification code; After the target charging pile receives the charging start instruction parameters, it establishes a communication connection with the vehicle BMS to verify the matching of the vehicle battery requirements. After the matching is passed, the charging process is started; After the target parking lock receives the parking lock release instruction parameters, it verifies the consistency of the unlock verification code and the blockchain transaction voucher. After the verification is passed, it performs the unlocking action to release the parking lock. 8.The IoT-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control method of charging parking space according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of synchronously associating the charging start instruction with the trusted transaction record of the blockchain to generate a transaction voucher including the vehicle identifier and the charging pile ID includes: The vehicle identifier (such as the license plate hash value), the charging pile ID, the reservation timestamp, and the parking space number are extracted from the reservation record of the knowledge graph, and the current charging start time is obtained from the real-time data as a transaction time parameter; The vehicle identifier, the charging pile ID, the reservation timestamp, and the charging start time are hashed by the SHA-256 algorithm to generate a unique transaction pre-hash value; Based on the smart contract template of the alliance chain, the transaction pre-hash value, the vehicle DID, the charging pile device certificate, and the initial transaction state are encapsulated to form a standardized blockchain transaction data set; The transaction data set is broadcast to each node of the charging parking space management network chain through the P2P communication protocol, triggering the consensus mechanism to verify the legality of the transaction; After the consensus verification is passed, the blockchain network allocates a unique block height and timestamp to the transaction, generates a transaction certificate containing the transaction hash, block height, and timestamp, and encrypts the certificate with the charging start instruction through the smart contract, and synchronously updates the transaction state of the corresponding charging process in the knowledge graph to the on-chain record. 9.The IoT-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control method of charging parking spaces according to claim 8, characterized in that, After the charging gun is disconnected, the steps of forming a transaction record on the blockchain using the transaction certificate include: The charging pile monitors the charging gun connection state in real time, and when it detects that the charging gun has physically disconnected from the vehicle charging interface, it triggers the charging end event; The charging pile collects the actual charging duration, consumed power, charging end time, and power fluctuation data during charging to generate a charging end data set Extract the transaction hash, block height, and timestamp from the transaction certificate, hash bind the charging end data set with the transaction certificate, and form a complete transaction record data set; The transaction record data set, vehicle DID, charging pile device certificate, and transaction state are encapsulated into a standardized blockchain transaction package; The transaction package is broadcast to each node of the charging parking space management network chain through the P2P network, triggering the consensus mechanism to verify the integrity of the transaction data and the matching with the original transaction certificate; after verification, the transaction package is added to the latest block of the blockchain, forming an unalterable transaction record.

10. An Internet of Things-based intelligent occupancy management and linkage control system for a charging parking space, characterized in that, It includes: An acquisition unit is configured to acquire real-time data from a charging parking space management network connected through an Internet of Things, wherein the real-time data includes charging pile status, parking lock status, and parking occupancy information, and a parking resource association model is formed based on a knowledge graph pre-constructed dynamic parking resource pool; A request unit is configured to receive a charging reservation request, wherein the charging reservation request includes a reservation time and first vehicle information; Based on the charging reservation request, the knowledge graph is used for semantic reasoning to match an idle charging parking space that meets the vehicle type adaptation and time period availability from the dynamic parking resource pool, and an elastic reservation reservation time is set based on historical tardiness data to feed back the reservation result. A comparison unit is configured to acquire second vehicle information of a vehicle entering a parking space through a camera and vehicle entry state detected by a geomagnetic sensor, and perform semantic comparison of the first vehicle information and the second vehicle information in the knowledge graph to verify the vehicle identity and entry legality. The instruction unit is configured to send a charging start instruction to the corresponding charging pile and send an unlocking instruction to the corresponding parking lock if the legality is verified, so as to control the charging pile to start the charging process and release the parking lock; the charging start instruction is synchronously associated with the trusted transaction record of the block chain to generate a transaction voucher containing the vehicle identification and the charging pile ID; The storage unit is configured to form a transaction record on the block chain by using the transaction voucher after the charging gun is separated.

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