Cost-efficient operation of facilities and other

Abstract

The overall system comprises an electrical energy storage device (6) as a subsystem and other subsystems of at least one facility (1) of the metal industry. In order to transmit electrical energy, the subsystems (1, 4, 6) are directly or indirectly connected to one another and to the electrical power supply network (2). The control device (7) can know a current state (Z1, Z4, Z6) of the subsystem (1, 4, 6), and a planned first amount of acquisition (E2) of electrical energy from the power supply network (2) with respect to a first time range (T1) and a planned first operating mode (B1, B4) of the other subsystem (1, 4). The control device (7) determines an expected final state (Z6 ') of the electrical energy storage device (6) ending with respect to the first time period (T1) on the basis of the planned first acquisition quantity (E2) and the planned first operating mode (B1, B4). The control device (7) specifies a planned second acquisition quantity (E2 ') of the electrical energy taking into account an expected final state (Z6') of the electrical energy storage device (6) and a planned second operating mode (B1 ', B4') of the other subsystems (1, 4) known to the control device (7) and for a second time range (T2) directly following the first time range (T1). The control device (7) operates the other subsystems (1, 4) during the two time ranges (T1, T2) on the basis of a planned first operating mode and a planned second operating mode (B1, B4, B1 ', B4'), and obtains electrical energy from the power supply network (2) as a function of a planned first detection quantity and a specified second detection quantity (E2, E2 '). In order to specify a planned second acquisition quantity (E2 ') of electrical energy, the control device (7) determines a demand (E1', E4 ') of electrical energy for operation of the other subsystem (1, 4) during a second time range (T2) on the basis of a planned second operating mode (B1', B4 '), and determines the demand (E1', E4 ') of electrical energy for operation of the other subsystem (1, 4) during the second time range (T2), taking into account the demand (E1', E4 ') of electrical energy for operation of the other subsystem (1, 4) during the second time range (T2). E4 ') and an expected final state (Z6') of the electrical energy storage device (6) and a target state (Z6 *) of the electrical energy storage device (6), which is expected at the end of the second time range (T2), a planned second acquisition amount (E2 ') of electrical energy from the electrical supply network (2) during the second time range (T2) is defined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for operating an overall system.

[0002] -The overall system includes energy storage devices and other subsystems as subsystems.

[0003] Other subsystems include facilities for the metal industry.

[0004] -In order to transmit electrical energy, the facilities and energy storage devices in the metal industry are directly or indirectly interconnected and connected to the power supply network.

[0005] -The control device that controls the overall system is aware of the current state of each subsystem.

[0006] The present invention also relates to a control program for a control device for an overall system.

[0007] -The overall system includes energy storage devices and other subsystems as subsystems.

[0008] Other subsystems include facilities for the metal industry.

[0009] - In order to transmit electrical energy, the facilities and energy storage devices in the metal industry are directly or indirectly interconnected and connected to the power supply network.

[0010] -The control program includes machine code that can be executed by the control device.

[0011] - In this process, the execution of machine code by the control device enables the control device to control the overall system according to the operating method.

[0012] The present invention also relates to a control device for an overall system.

[0013] -The overall system includes energy storage devices and other subsystems as subsystems.

[0014] Other subsystems include facilities for the metal industry.

[0015] - Facilities and energy storage devices in the metal industry are directly or indirectly connected to each other for energy transmission and to the power supply network.

[0016] -The control device is programmed with a corresponding control program, so that when the control device executes the machine code of the control program, it controls the overall system according to the corresponding operating method.

[0017] This invention also relates to an overall system.

[0018] -The overall system includes energy storage devices and other subsystems as subsystems.

[0019] Other subsystems include facilities for the metal industry.

[0020] -In order to transmit electrical energy, the facilities and energy storage devices in the metal industry are directly or indirectly connected to each other and to the power supply network.

[0021] -The overall system includes corresponding control devices. When the machine code of the corresponding control program is executed, the overall system is controlled according to the corresponding operating method. Background Technology

[0022] For example, see the paper "Green Energy Supply for the Steel Industry" in Steel and Iron, August 2022, pp. 22-24.

[0023] KR2019 0136300A discloses an industrial process incorporating an energy storage device. This industrial process can be technically more or less complex, comprising multiple interconnected and synergistic subprocesses. The industrial process has different types of loads: loads that must be continuously powered, disconnectable loads, and loads with adjustable energy consumption. The actual energy consumption of different components of the industrial facility is determined. The operation of the industrial facility and the energy storage device is coordinated to achieve the lowest possible cost.

[0024] A device comprising a residential user, an energy production unit, and an energy storage unit is known from US10354297B2. The operation of the energy storage unit can be determined taking into account the user's planned energy consumption. Furthermore, meteorological data can be utilized. Price information regarding the acquisition of electrical energy from the power grid and the feeding of electrical energy to the power grid can also be considered.

[0025] According to TW201235124A, given the known operating modes of facilities in the metal industry, the energy consumption of these facilities can be predicted relatively accurately, taking a rolling production line as an example.

[0026] An electrolysis facility coupled to a wind farm is known from US 8288 888B2. Other loads and energy sources may also be present. These other loads and energy sources may also be in the form of energy storage devices. The hydrogen produced by the electrolysis facility can be transported to an affiliated chemical plant or refinery.

[0027] A method for operating an overall system is known from US2015 / 0051745A1, wherein the overall system includes an energy storage device and other subsystems as subsystems. The other subsystems include facilities of a metal industry, wherein the facilities of the metal industry and the energy storage device are directly or indirectly connected to each other for the transmission of electrical energy and are connected to a power supply network. A control device for controlling the overall system is aware of the current state of the energy storage device and the current states of the other subsystems, and, for a first time period, is aware of a planned first operating mode for the other subsystems. The control device operates the other subsystems based on the planned first operating mode within the first time period.

[0028] A method for operating an overall system is known from US2023 / 0013 847A1, wherein the overall system includes an energy storage device and other subsystems as subsystems. The other subsystems include facilities of a metal industry, wherein the metal industry facilities and the energy storage device are directly or indirectly connected to each other for the transmission of electrical energy and are connected to a power supply network. A control device for controlling the overall system is aware of the current state of the energy storage device and the current states of the other subsystems, and, with respect to a first time period, is aware of a planned first amount of electrical energy to be obtained from the power supply network and a planned first operating mode of the other subsystems. The control device determines a planned second amount of electrical energy to be obtained, taking into account its known planned second operating modes of the other subsystems with respect to a second time period immediately following the first time period. During the first time period, the control device operates the other subsystems based on the planned first operating mode and obtains electrical energy from the power supply network according to the planned first amount of electrical energy to be obtained during the first time period; during the second time period, the control device operates the other subsystems based on the planned second operating mode and obtains electrical energy from the power supply network according to the determined planned second amount of electrical energy to be obtained during the second time period.

[0029] According to "Optimal Industrial Load Control in Smart Grid," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 7, No. 5, September 2016, pp. 2305-2316, a monolithic system comprising industrial users connected to a power supply network is known. Components of a steel plant are cited as examples of such industrial users. In some implementations, energy storage devices may be installed. The operation of the electrical users (including the energy storage devices) should be optimized. Therefore, this paper discloses a method for operating the monolithic system, wherein the monolithic system comprises energy storage devices as subsystems and other subsystems, including facilities of the metal industry, which are directly or indirectly interconnected with the energy storage devices for power transmission and connected to the power supply network. The paper also discloses a forward-looking price formation. However, the operating modes of the other subsystems appear to be undetermined, at least within a second timeframe.

[0030] US2016 / 0291554A1 relates to an integrated system that may include energy storage devices and facilities in the metal industry. An energy management system exists for controlling the various facility components. Summary of the Invention

[0031] In the past, while costs—including energy costs—were considered when determining the operation of facilities in the metal industry, this consideration was limited to total electricity demand and the resulting electricity costs. With the shift to renewable energy, the availability of electricity (including temporal fluctuations in electricity costs) must be taken into greater consideration, as the availability and cost of electricity will experience greater volatility in the future than ever before.

[0032] Within the framework of this invention, the key to the efficient use of electrical energy storage devices lies in understanding the future expected electricity demand of the metal industry facilities and the future expected price of electricity obtained from the power supply network.

[0033] While the aforementioned academic papers indicate that facilities and energy storage devices in the metal industry can be controlled and operated through intelligent energy management systems, they do not provide a more detailed explanation of the implementation of such systems.

[0034] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for achieving cost-efficient operation of an overall system, which includes facilities for the metal industry and energy storage devices as subsystems.

[0035] This objective is achieved by an operating method having the features of claim 1. An advantageous embodiment of the operating method is the content of the dependent claims 2 to 6.

[0036] According to the present invention, the operating method of the type is characterized in that

[0037] -In this context, the control device is aware of a planned first acquisition amount of electrical energy from the power supply network within a first time range, as well as a planned first operating mode of other subsystems.

[0038] -In this process, the control device determines the expected final state of the energy storage device related to the end of the first time period based on the planned first acquisition quantity and the planned first operating mode.

[0039] -In this process, the control device determines the planned second acquisition amount of electrical energy, taking into account the expected final state of the energy storage device and the planned second operating modes of other subsystems known to the control device and related to the second time range immediately following the first time range.

[0040] -The control device operates other subsystems based on a planned first operating mode and a planned second operating mode during the first and second time ranges, and obtains electrical energy from the power supply network according to a planned first acquisition amount and a determined second acquisition amount during the first and second time ranges.

[0041] It is proposed here that, in order to determine the planned second acquisition of electrical energy, the control device...

[0042] -Based on the planned second operating mode, determine the power demand of other subsystems during the second time period, and

[0043] -Determine the second amount of electrical energy obtained from the power supply network by considering the power demand of other subsystems operating during the second time period, the expected final state of the energy storage device, and the target state of the energy storage device expected at the end of the second time period.

[0044] Therefore, determining the planned second acquisition amount of electrical energy becomes particularly simple. The planned second operating mode can be preset by the control device. Alternatively, the control device can also determine these operating modes autonomously, for example, within the scope of optimization.

[0045] Unless otherwise specified, the term "subsystem" includes all subsystems, including energy storage devices, both for the foregoing and for the following description. The term "other subsystems" excludes energy storage devices and refers only to other subsystems. A first time range can be, for example, 24 hours. A second time range is typically significantly shorter than the first time range, for example, one hour or several hours. These values ​​are typical. However, the invention is not limited to the values ​​of the two time ranges mentioned above.

[0046] Before executing the operating method within the first time frame, the control device can first determine the planned first acquisition amount of electrical energy from the power supply network, and based on this planned first acquisition amount, determine the planned first operating mode of each of the other subsystems. Alternatively, the reverse approach can also be used. Another alternative approach is that the planned first operating modes of the other subsystems are first known to the control device (e.g., these operating modes are preset to the control device or determined by the control device), and then the control device determines the planned first acquisition amount of electrical energy according to the planned first operating modes. However, in any case, the planned operating mode of the energy storage device is derived from the determined acquisition of electrical energy and the corresponding planned first operating modes of the other subsystems. The energy storage device can be considered as a servant obeying its master, where the master refers to the other subsystems and the determined acquisition of electrical energy from the power supply network.

[0047] This invention is based on the fact that the expected price of electrical energy obtained from a power supply network can be determined in different ways for different time periods. In the spot market, prices are typically determined only for a relatively limited period, such as only 24 hours in advance. Here, a specific amount of electricity will be traded at its respective spot market price within a fixed time period.

[0048] During the subsequent operation of the overall system, for example, 24 hours after purchasing a specific amount of electricity, if the previously purchased amount of electricity is withdrawn, settlement is made according to the agreed rate. Conversely, if more or less electricity is withdrawn than the previously purchased amount, the actual price of withdrawing electricity from the power grid depends on a variety of factors. The actual price depends in particular on whether and at what cost the power grid operator must purchase additional withdrawn electricity, or whether and at what cost the power grid operator can utilize electricity purchased but not withdrawn in other ways. This introduces considerable uncertainty for the operator of the overall system. Ensuring that only the previously purchased amount of electricity is indeed withdrawn from the power grid during the subsequent operation of the overall system significantly improves reliability. This is precisely what the method of the present invention guarantees.

[0049] The current state of a subsystem can be defined as needed. This can specifically include a "normal" operating state, an operating limitation state, and a wear and tear state.

[0050] Specifically, for an energy storage device, the current state particularly includes the degree of charge of the energy storage device (expressed as a percentage and / or absolute value) and the temperature of the storage cells. Furthermore, the energy storage state can also include the wear condition of the energy storage device or parts thereof. The energy storage state can also, in principle, include the maximum possible and currently maximum possible operating parameters, such as charging and discharging currents. Similarly, this also applies to the actual and expected final states of the energy storage device at the end of the first time period.

[0051] The overall system may have only one energy storage device, or it may have multiple energy storage devices, but the control device will uniformly process them according to the aforementioned energy storage device. Preferably, the overall system also includes other energy storage devices as other subsystems. Classifying the energy storage device as another subsystem not only means that the control device knows the current state of the energy storage device, and that the energy storage device is controlled by the control device, but also that, for a first time range and a second time range, the control device knows the planned first operating mode and the planned second operating mode of the energy storage device, and the energy storage device will operate accordingly. Therefore, the control device will first learn the operating mode of the energy storage device in both time ranges. Only after this will it determine the second energy acquisition amount for the second time range. Therefore, for the second time range, and limited to only two energy storage devices, the sequence is as follows: first, the second operating mode of the other energy storage devices is known; then, energy acquisition is determined for the second time range; and thereby, the expected operating mode of the energy storage device for that time range is determined. Although the energy storage device is a subsystem, it is not another subsystem of the overall system.

[0052] If other energy storage devices exist, they are preferably different from the other energy storage device in terms of their possible power limits, such as in their capacity and their maximum possible or permissible charge / discharge current (or corresponding power). For example, the other energy storage device can have a significantly smaller storage capacity but a significantly larger maximum charge / discharge power. For example, the other energy storage device may have values ​​of 10 MWh and 100 MW, while the other energy storage device may have values ​​of 100 MWh and 25 MW. The other energy storage device can be designed, for example, as a sodium-ion battery, while the other energy storage device can be, for example, as a redox flow battery or a sodium-sulfur battery.

[0053] Within the second time frame, the method by which the control device learns the second operating mode of other energy storage devices can be determined as needed. In the simplest case, this is set by the operator. However, typically, it is significantly better if the control device first uses the planned second operating modes of other subsystems (excluding other energy storage devices in this case) to determine the planned second operating modes of other energy storage devices, and only then determines the planned second energy acquisition amount. Therefore, the control device proactively sets the planned second operating modes of other energy storage devices based on the planned second operating modes that other subsystems should operate in.

[0054] During the operation of other subsystems (typically excluding other energy storage devices), various types of faults may occur. Such faults, which must be considered, may cause deviations in the energy demand of other subsystems (again excluding other energy storage devices) from the energy demand according to the planned first operating mode. Therefore, preferably, the control device checks within a first timeframe whether such deviations have occurred due to unforeseen circumstances. If the energy demand does not deviate, the control device maintains the planned first operating mode of the other energy storage devices, as well as the first operating mode of the energy storage devices based on the planned first acquisition of energy from the power supply network. Conversely, if the energy demand deviates,

[0055] - The control device preferentially changes the planned first operating mode of other energy storage devices and / or the planned first operating mode of the energy storage devices to maintain the planned first amount of electrical energy obtained from the power supply network, and

[0056] - The control device shall only change the planned first operating mode and / or planned first energy acquisition of other subsystems other than other energy storage devices when it is unable to comply with the operating restrictions of the energy storage device and / or other energy storage devices.

[0057] The aforementioned changes, namely the changes to the planned first operating mode and / or planned first energy acquisition amount for subsystems other than other energy storage devices, are implemented to ensure that the operating constraints of the energy storage devices and other energy storage devices are complied with.

[0058] Even without other energy storage devices, malfunctions or overlooked situations are possible. Furthermore, it's also possible—for whatever reason—that only a minor change is made to the planned primary operating mode of other energy storage devices. Therefore, it's equally possible that the control device...

[0059] - Check during the first time period whether the operating limits of the energy storage device are complied, even if there are unforeseen circumstances during the remaining part of the first time period.

[0060] - While adhering to operational constraints, maintain the planned first-priority access to electricity, and

[0061] - In the event that the operating limits are not met, adjust the planned first operating mode and / or the planned first energy intake to ensure that the operating limits of the energy storage device are met.

[0062] Situations that may not be considered include, for example, short-term changes in the first operating mode. Such short-term changes could be caused by, for example, failures in other subsystems. Another possible reason is that the overall system includes renewable energy generation units (e.g., wind power and / or photovoltaic units), and the amount of electricity generated by these renewable energy units deviates from previous assumptions. Another situation not considered is a failure of the energy storage unit itself.

[0063] Therefore, the planned first operating mode and / or planned first energy intake may still be altered during the initial timeframe. However, this will only occur in unavoidable circumstances.

[0064] The overall system typically also includes an electrolysis facility as another subsystem. In this case, the electrolysis facility is directly or indirectly connected to facilities in the metal industry, energy storage devices, and power supply networks for power transmission. In this example, the current state also includes the current state of the electrolysis facility, and the planned first operating mode and planned second operating mode respectively include the corresponding operating modes of the electrolysis facility.

[0065] This objective is also achieved through a control program having the features of claim 7. According to the invention, by executing machine code through a control device, the control device is able to control the overall system according to the operating method of the invention.

[0066] This objective is also achieved by a control device having the features of claim 8. According to the invention, the control device is programmed with the control program of the invention, such that when the machine code of the control program is executed, the control device can control the overall system according to the operating method of the invention.

[0067] This objective is also achieved by an overall system having the features of claim 9. According to the invention, the control device is designed to control the overall system according to the operating method of the invention when executing the machine code of the control program. Attached Figure Description

[0068] The features, characteristics, and advantages of the present invention described above, as well as its implementation, will become clearer and easier to understand in conjunction with the following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0069] Figure 1 As a whole system,

[0070] Figure 2 For flowcharts,

[0071] Figure 3 For the timeline,

[0072] Figure 4 For flowcharts,

[0073] Figure 5 For communication structure,

[0074] Figure 6 For flowcharts,

[0075] Figure 7 For another flowchart,

[0076] Figure 8 As another integrated system,

[0077] Figure 9 For flowcharts, and

[0078] Figure 10 This is another flowchart. Detailed Implementation

[0079] according to Figure 1 The overall system comprises a metal industry facility 1. Facility 1 can have multiple components. Examples of such a facility 1 are components preceding the casting unit in the process flow. Examples of such components include iron production components (e.g., DRI (Direct Reduced Iron) units), electric arc furnaces, converters, and ladle units. Another possible facility 1 is a hot-rolled strip steel production line, which is located after the casting unit in the process flow.

[0080] Facility 1 consumes electrical energy during its operation. Facility 1 can obtain electrical energy from the power supply network 2, and can be connected to the power supply network 2 directly (not shown) or indirectly (e.g., through a converter 3). The power supply network 2 is typically a three-phase AC network, and therefore belongs to a multi-phase power supply network. Three-phase AC networks typically operate at medium voltage in the range of 20kV to 30kV or at high voltage of 110kV.

[0081] The overall system typically also includes an electrolysis facility 4 as another subsystem. The invention will be described below in conjunction with this structure. However, the electrolysis facility 4 is not essential. If the electrolysis facility 4 is not present, then all subsequent descriptions related to the electrolysis facility 4 will not apply.

[0082] Electrolysis facility 4 also consumes electrical energy during its operation. Therefore, electrolysis facility 4 is also connected to power supply network 2. Electrolysis facility 4 requires DC voltage to operate. Therefore, electrolysis facility 4 is typically equipped with a rectifier 5, thus connecting only indirectly to power supply network 2.

[0083] In some cases, Facility 1 requires hydrogen for operation. In such cases, such as... Figure 1 As shown, facility 1 and electrolysis facility 4 are directly or indirectly connected to each other for hydrogen transfer. Devices such as pumps and valves are included. Figure 1 It is not displayed in the text.

[0084] The overall system also includes an energy storage device 6 as a subsystem. The energy storage device 6 is used at least to receive electrical energy and can also be used to output electrical energy, and is directly or indirectly connected to the power supply network 2. The energy storage device 6 is also used to output electrical energy to facility 1 and electrolysis facility 4. When the energy storage device 6 receives electrical energy, that energy is always obtained from the power supply network 2. When the energy storage device 6 outputs electrical energy, it is primarily used to meet the needs of facility 1 and electrolysis facility 4, and only in secondary cases is it used to feed energy into the power supply network 2. Therefore, depending on whether the electrical energy output by the energy storage device 6 is greater or less than the electrical energy consumed by facility 1 and electrolysis facility 4, electrical energy can be temporarily fed into the power supply network 2, or obtained from the power supply network 2.

[0085] It must be possible to regulate whether and to what extent electrical energy is supplied to the energy storage device 6, or to what extent the energy storage device 6 outputs electrical energy. For this purpose, a bidirectional converter unit is typically provided. This converter unit... Figure 1 It is not shown in the image. It is considered to be a component of the energy storage device 6.

[0086] The specific electrical connections between facility 1, electrolysis facility 4, and energy storage device 6, as well as their connections to the power supply network 2, are not critical. In particular, rectifiers 5, inverters, and other converters 3 can be configured for each subsystem 1, 4, and 6 as needed. However, it should be ensured that electrical energy can be transferred from energy storage device 6 to facility 1 and electrolysis facility 4 without passing through the power supply network 2.

[0087] The overall system also includes a control device 7. The control device 7 is programmed via a control program 8. The control program 8 includes machine code 9, which can be executed by the control device 7. Because it is programmed using the control program 8, the control device 7 executes the machine code 9. The execution of the machine code 9 by the control device 7 enables it to control the overall system according to an operating method, which will be discussed below. Figure 2 Further explanation is needed. However, before describing the operation method of the present invention, it should be noted that although the control device 7 will be described below as a unified control device 7 that collectively controls subsystems 1, 4, and 6 of the overall system, the control device 7 may also have its own sub-control devices for controlling subsystems 1, 4, and 6 respectively. In this case, the sub-control devices must exchange information and coordinate or cooperate accordingly.

[0088] The energy storage device 6 will continue to be distinguished from other subsystems 1 and 4. "Other subsystems" includes only the basic materials industry facility 1 and, where applicable, the electrolysis facility 4, but not the energy storage device 6. However, if the term "subsystem" is used without the qualifier "other," it refers to all subsystems, that is, not only the basic materials industry facility 1 and, where applicable, the electrolysis facility 4, but also the energy storage device 6.

[0089] according to Figure 2 In step S1, the control device 7 learns the current state Z of the overall system. The current state Z includes the current sub-states Z1, Z4, and Z6 of subsystems 1, 4, and 6 respectively. The numbers of each current sub-state Z1, Z4, and Z6 are consistent with the labels of their respective subsystems 1, 4, and 6.

[0090] For example, assuming facility 1 has the corresponding components, sub-state Z1 can include the following parameters:

[0091] - Production progress of iron production facilities

[0092] - Production progress of electric arc furnace

[0093] -The process status of the continuous casting machine.

[0094] -Temperature of the preheating furnace in the steel rolling mill

[0095] - Wear condition of the working rolls of the rolling mill in a steel rolling mill

[0096] -Is the rolling mill in the steel mill currently performing rolling passes?

[0097] Sub-state Z1 can also include which materials are currently present in facility 1 and in what state. For example, assuming the corresponding material is already present in the corresponding component of facility 1, sub-state Z1 can include the following parameters:

[0098] - The quantity and state of the furnace charge in the electric arc furnace or ladle.

[0099] -The time the rolled product has been in the furnace

[0100] - Temperature of the rolled product.

[0101] Sub-state Z4 may include, for example, the electrolyte temperature, chemical composition, and wear condition of the electrolysis facility 4.

[0102] Sub-state Z6 includes at least the charging state of the energy storage device 6, i.e., the degree of charging of the energy storage device 6. Sub-state Z6 may also include other parameters, such as the temperature of the energy storage device 6, or the maximum possible or permissible charging and discharging current. In addition, sub-state Z6 may also include the wear state of the energy storage device 6.

[0103] In step S2, the control device 7 learns the planned first operating modes B1 and B4 of the other subsystems 1 and 4. These operating modes B1 and B4 are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, this relates to the first time range T1. (As...) Figure 3 As shown, the first time range T1 lasts for a significant period, such as 20 hours, 22 hours, 24 hours, or 26 hours. Of course, other time periods are also possible. In step S3, the control device 7 also learns the planned first acquisition amount E2 of electrical energy from the power supply network 2 related to the first time range T1. The digit "2" is appended to the letter "E" in this example to indicate that the electrical energy acquisition comes from the power supply network 2.

[0104] In step S4, the control device 7 determines the expected final state Z6' of the energy storage device 6. This expected final state Z6' is related to the end of the first time range T1. The control device 7 determines the expected final state Z6' based on the planned first acquisition quantity E2 and the planned first operating modes B1, B4. Typically, the control device 7 also determines the expected final states of other subsystems 1, 4 in step S4. However, this is not of primary significance within the scope of this invention.

[0105] In step S5, the control device 7 learns the planned second operating modes B1' and B4' of other subsystems 1 and 4. (See also: Planned second operating modes B1' and B4') Figure 3 - Relative to the second time range T2, which immediately follows the first time range T1. The second time range T2 is typically significantly smaller than the first time range T1. For example, the second time range T2 can be one hour or several hours.

[0106] The planned second operating modes B1' and B4' can be preset to the control device 7. Alternatively, the control device 7 can determine them based on the final states of other subsystems 1 and 4 at the end of the first time range T1, for example, according to an operating method described in detail in an earlier, unpublished application filed by Primetals Technologies Germany GmbH entitled "Cost-efficient operation of other subsystems of steel industry facilities and overall systems" (official patent number 23151165.0, filed with the European Patent Office on January 11, 2023).

[0107] In step S6, the control device 7 determines the planned second energy acquisition amount E2'. This determination is made taking into account the expected final state Z6' of the energy storage device 6 and the planned second operating modes B1' and B4'.

[0108] In step S7, the control device 7 waits for time point T0, which is the start of the first time range T1.

[0109] Starting from time point T0, in step S8, control device 7 determines the corresponding operating mode B6 of energy storage device 6 based on the planned first operating modes B1 and B4 of other subsystems 1 and 4 at the corresponding time point T and the planned first energy acquisition amount E2 for the corresponding time point T. Therefore, energy storage device 6 compensates for the difference between the energy demand of other subsystems 1 and 4 and the determined first energy acquisition amount E2. This compensation is performed for each time point t, or at least for smaller time periods that typically do not exceed 10% of the first time range T1. Typically, these smaller time periods are even smaller than the time period that constitutes the second time range T2. For example, these smaller time periods can occur every 15 minutes.

[0110] In step S9, control device 7 controls subsystems 1, 4, and 6 according to planned or determined operating modes B1, B4, and B6 for the corresponding time point t, i.e., operates according to these operating modes B1, B4, and B6. Control device 7 also controls converter 3 to obtain electrical energy from power supply network 2 according to the planned first amount E2 of electrical energy.

[0111] In step S10, the control device 7 checks whether time point T1, i.e., the end of the first time range T1, has been reached. If not, the control device 7 returns to step S8. Otherwise, the control device 7 proceeds to step S11.

[0112] In step S11, starting from time point T1, the control device 7 determines the corresponding operating mode B6' of the energy storage device 6 based on the planned second operating modes B1', B4' for other subsystems 1 and 4 at the corresponding time point T and the determined second acquisition amount E2' for the electrical energy at the corresponding time point T. Subsequently, in step S12, the control device 7 controls subsystems 1, 4, and 6 at each time point t according to the planned or determined operating modes B1', B4', B6' for that time point t. Simultaneously, the control device 7 also controls the converter 3 to acquire the corresponding electrical energy from the power supply network 2 according to the determined second acquisition amount E2'. Therefore, steps S11 and S12 correspond in content to steps S8 and S9, differing only in the time points involved.

[0113] In step S13, control device 7 checks whether time point t2, i.e., the end of the second time range T2, has been reached. If not, control device 7 returns to step S11. Otherwise, Figure 2 The operation process shown has ended.

[0114] Figure 2A simplified operational procedure is shown. The actual operational procedure is more complex. In particular, a rolling operational procedure is used in practical applications. Therefore, steps S1 to S13 are continuously repeated, and time points t0, t1, and t2 are constantly adjusted and updated to ensure that the second time range T2—allowing for minor fluctuations if necessary—always remains at the same distance from the future.

[0115] For example, in a typical case, the first time range T1 is 23 hours, the second time range T2 is 1 hour, and the operation is performed in 1-hour increments. After the first execution of the operating method of this invention, the overall system's operating mode is determined to be 24 hours at its core. The time range determined by the overall system's operating mode is gradually reduced by 1 hour. After this hour ends, the operating method will be executed again, at which point the overall system's operating mode will be determined for the current 23rd hour. Through the previous execution of the operating method of this invention, the overall system's operating mode for the current 23rd hour has been determined, and the overall system's operating mode for the current 24th hour will be redefined.

[0116] To determine the planned second acquisition amount of electrical energy E2', i.e., the implementation of step S6, the control device 7 according to... Figure 4 First, in step S21, based on the planned second operating modes B1' and B4' for other subsystems 1 and 4, the required electrical energy E1' and E4' for operating other subsystems 1 and 4 during the second time period T2 are determined. Furthermore, in step S22, the control device 7 determines the difference δZ6 between the expected final state Z6' of the energy storage device 6 and the target state Z6* required at the end of the second time period T2, specifically the difference in the corresponding charging state. In step S23, the control device 7 finally determines the second amount of electrical energy E2' obtained from the power supply network 2 during the second time period T2, taking into account the values ​​determined in steps S21 and S22. In the simplest case, the control device 7 can directly perform the summation.

[0117] In addition, control device 7 can also be like Figure 5 As shown, it is connected to the energy exchange 11 via the Internet 10. In this case, the control device 7 can... Figure 6 As shown, in step S31, for several segments of the second time range T2 (e.g., if the length of the second time range T2 is 1 hour, then there are four segments each of one hour), several requirements Ai (where i = 1, 2, 3, etc.) for obtaining electrical energy from the power supply network 2 are determined respectively. Requirement Ai includes the required amount of electrical energy Mi and the corresponding condition Ci, such as the desired highest price. Typically, requirements Ai are tiered, meaning they differ at least in their respective highest bids. The required amounts of electrical energy Mi are usually also different from each other, but in some cases they can be the same.

[0118] Typically, when determining the demand Ai, the control device 7 considers the expected final state Z6' of the energy storage device 6 and / or the operational limitations of the energy storage device 6. For example, if the energy storage device 6 is expected to be almost empty at the end of the first time period T1, then a relatively large energy acquisition E2' must be ensured for the second time period T2 to guarantee the reliable continued operation of the overall system. In this case, the operator of the overall system must be prepared to pay a relatively high price for the energy. Conversely, if it can be expected that the energy storage device 6 will be almost full at the end of the first time period T1, then only a relatively small energy acquisition E2' needs to be ensured for the second time period T2 to guarantee the reliable continued operation of the overall system. Therefore, for a relatively large amount of energy, a very low maximum price can be offered.

[0119] Similarly, when determining the request Ai, the control device 7 can take into account the operational limitations of the energy storage device 6. For example, if the state of charge of the energy storage device 6 can only change by a maximum of 30% during the second time range T2, then requesting an amount of energy Mi that causes the state of charge of the energy storage device 6 to change by more than 30% is meaningless.

[0120] When necessary, control device 7 can also consider the expected availability V when determining requirement Ai (see Figure 1 The expected availability V refers to the electrical energy expected to be available during periods outside the second time range T2. This expected availability V can be preset by control device 7 or determined by control device 7. The determination of expected availability V—resulting in a prediction or estimate—can be made by control device 7 based on historical data regarding expected availability V, i.e., actual availability in similar past periods, and / or based on weather forecasts. Because expected availability V is taken into account, for example, it is possible to make a demand Ai within a certain range, where a certain amount of electrical energy Mi is combined with a lower maximum price, if there is sufficient probability that the price of electrical energy will decrease after the second time range T2. In other words, it is possible to appropriately bear a certain amount of risk.

[0121] In step S32, the control device 7 submits its determined request Ai to the energy exchange 11. In step S33, the control device 7 receives a response Ri to request Ai. The response Ri contains the following information: whether the energy exchange 11 commits to supplying the required quantity of electricity Mi, subject to compliance with its respective conditions Ci, for the corresponding request Ai.

[0122] In step S34, the control device 7 then takes the required quantity of electrical energy Mi, which is committed by the energy exchange 11 to supply under their respective conditions Ci, as the second acquisition quantity E2' of electrical energy for each segment of the second time period T2. The planned first operating modes B1 and B4 refer to the operating modes in which the corresponding subsystems 1 and 4 are operated as much as possible within the first time period T1. In practical applications, it is impossible to fully consider all situations when determining the planned first operating modes B1 and B4. There will always be some situations that are not considered. For example, in the case of a steel rolling mill in the basic raw material industrial facility 1, the rolled material may be slightly hotter or slightly colder than planned, resulting in changes in rolling force, rolling torque, and corresponding electrical energy demand.

[0123] Therefore, the control device 7 will also, within the first time range T1, according to Figure 7 In step S41, it is checked whether the operating limits (e.g., maximum current or minimum or maximum state of charge) of the energy storage device 6 are complied with during the remaining portion of the first time range T1, when other subsystems 1 and 4 are actually running and the energy storage device 6 is running. In other words, planning is done in a way that ensures the operating limits are complied with. However, due to unforeseen circumstances, the actual operating mode of the energy storage device 6 may differ from the original assumptions. Therefore, even if planning is carried out and certain reserves are considered during planning, the operating limits of the energy storage device 6 may still not be complied with.

[0124] If the check result of step S41 indicates that the operating restrictions are met, then the control device 7 takes no further action regarding the planned first acquisition amount E2 of electrical energy, specifically maintaining the planned first acquisition amount E2 unchanged. Conversely, if the check result of step S41 indicates that the operating restrictions are not met, then the control device 7 will change the planned first operating mode B1, B4 in step S42—specifically only for the future, i.e., the remaining portion of the first time range T1. For example, the rolling speed or hydrogen production can be adjusted. Alternatively or supplementarily, the control device 7 adjusts the planned first acquisition amount E2 of electrical energy in step S43, again specifically for the future, i.e., the remaining portion of the first time range T1 in the current situation. For example, the control device 7 can directly add or return a certain amount of electrical energy in the energy exchange 11 for at least one sub-interval of the remaining portion of the first time range T1. The measures taken in both step S42 and step S43 are aimed at ensuring that the operating restrictions of the energy storage device 6 are met. Step S3 can be similar to... Figure 4 and Figure 6 The method is implemented.

[0125] This example illustrates an implementation where the overall system comprises a basic raw material industry facility 1, an electrolysis facility 4, and an energy storage device 6 as subsystems 1, 4, and 6. However, according to Figure 8 The overall system may also include other subsystems 12, 13, and 14. These subsystems 12, 13, and 14 (if they exist) are other subsystems in the sense of this invention.

[0126] For example, the overall system can include a hydrogen storage device 12. The hydrogen storage device 12 can be constructed as a storage device in the narrow sense, i.e., a dedicated hydrogen storage device. However, the pipeline network used to transport hydrogen also has a certain storage capacity and can also be used as the hydrogen storage device 12. The hydrogen storage device 12 (if present) is used to receive hydrogen and is directly or indirectly connected to the electrolysis facility 4, and simultaneously to output hydrogen and is directly or indirectly connected to facility 1. Due to the presence of the hydrogen storage device 12, the operation of facility 1 and electrolysis facility 4 can be more flexible.

[0127] If the hydrogen storage device 12 is present, the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis facility 4 can always be delivered to the hydrogen storage device 12, and the hydrogen required by facility 1 when needed can always be provided by the hydrogen storage device 12, thus making the hydrogen storage device 12 effectively a hydrogen transfer station. However, a direct connection can still be achieved between facility 1 and electrolysis facility 4.

[0128] As an alternative or supplement, the overall system may also include a power generation device 13, such as a wind power device or a photovoltaic device. In this case, the power generation device 13 may be directly or indirectly connected to the other subsystems 1, 4, 6 that absorb or release electrical energy, as well as the power supply network 2, to transmit electrical energy. The converter typically required for the power generation device 13 can be considered a component of the power generation device 13. Figure 1 This is not explicitly stated. Preferably, the power generation device 13 can directly supply electrical energy to subsystems 1, 4, and 6 without going through the power supply network 2.

[0129] If hydrogen storage device 12 and / or power generation device 13 are present, then it is necessary to... Figure 2 Methods 4 and 6 are extended and supplemented to incorporate consideration of the corresponding initial states, operating modes, control and termination states of the two subsystems 12 and 13.

[0130] In addition to the energy storage device 6, the overall system can also include other energy storage devices 14 as subsystems. For ease of distinction, this other energy storage device 14 will be referred to as "another energy storage device 14" throughout the text. Figure 1 The energy storage device 6 mentioned in the relevant description is referred to as "another energy storage device 6" when necessary.

[0131] Other energy storage devices 14 are directly or indirectly electrically connected to the remaining subsystems 1, 4, 6, etc., and the power supply network 2. Other energy storage devices 14 can also operate independently of another energy storage device 6. Therefore, it is possible to regulate whether and to what extent energy is supplied to other energy storage devices 14, or to what extent other energy storage devices 14 outputs energy, independently of the other energy storage device 6. For this purpose, other energy storage devices 14 are typically equipped with independent bidirectional converter units. This converter unit... Figure 8 It is not shown. Instead, it is considered as part of other energy storage devices 14.

[0132] Because of the presence of other energy storage devices 14, the aforementioned combination Figure 2 The overall system operation mode has been modified. This will be discussed in detail below. Figure 9 Further explanation is needed.

[0133] One consistent modification—and naturally—is that the method also takes into account other energy storage devices 14. Therefore, the control device 7 is also aware of the current sub-state Z14 of the other energy storage devices 14 (see...). Figure 9 Step S1 in the process). Furthermore, control device 7 is known for the first time range T1 (see step S1). Figure 9 In step S2), the other energy storage device 14 is planned to operate in a first operating mode B14, and a second operating mode B14' is planned for the second time period T2. Similarly, sub-state Z14 is utilized in a similar manner to other sub-states Z1, Z4, Z6, and operating modes B14 and B14' are also utilized by further subsystems 1 and 4 in a similar manner to other first and second operating modes B1, B4, B1', B4' (see, for example, step S2). Figure 9 (Steps S8, S9, S11, and S12 in the process). The current sub-state Z14, for the further energy storage device 14, can of course contain the same parameters as the sub-state Z6 of the energy storage device 6.

[0134] Another, though not mandatory, but commonly practiced modification lies in how the control device 7 learns about the second operating mode B14' of the other energy storage device 14. Because according to... Figure 9There is a step S51 between steps S5 and S6. In step S51, the control device 7 determines the planned second operating mode B1', B4' of the further subsystems 1, 4—that is, the further subsystems 1, 4 other than the other energy storage device 14—based on the planned second operating modes B1', B4' of the further subsystems 1, 4. If necessary, the determination in step S51 can also include the states of the other subsystems 1, 4 (including the other energy storage device 14), which are expected for the transition from the first to the second time range T1, T2. These states can be derived, if necessary, from the corresponding current states Z1, Z4 and their corresponding first operating modes B1, B4. However, in any case, the control device 7 executes step S6, i.e., the determined planned second energy acquisition amount E2', after step S51.

[0135] Because of the presence of other energy storage devices 14, Figure 7 The operation method can also be combined as follows: Figure 10 Make the necessary modifications.

[0136] according to Figure 10 In step S61 of the first time range T1, the control device 7 checks whether the power demand of other subsystems 1 and 4 (excluding other energy storage devices 14) deviates from the energy demand of the corresponding planned first operating modes B1 and B4 when they are actually operating.

[0137] If the energy demand is within tolerance, control device 7 proceeds to step S62. In step S62, control device 7 maintains the planned first operating mode B6, B14 of the two energy storage devices 6, 14 unchanged. The planned first operating mode B6 of the energy storage devices 6 was previously determined based on the planned first acquisition amount E2 of electrical energy from the power supply network 2. Therefore, control device 7 also maintains the planned first acquisition amount E2 of electrical energy from the power supply network 2 unchanged.

[0138] If the power demand deviates, control device 7 proceeds to step S63. In step S63, control device 7 checks whether the planned first acquisition amount E2 of power from power supply network 2 can be maintained by changing planned first operating mode B14 and / or planned first operating mode B6—taking full account of the operating limitations of the two energy storage devices 6, 14. If the planned first acquisition amount E2 of power can be maintained, control device 7 proceeds to step S64, in which planned first operating mode B6 and / or planned first operating mode B14 are changed accordingly. However, control device 7 still maintains the planned first acquisition amount E2 of power from power supply network 2 unchanged in step S64. Meanwhile, the first operating modes B1 and B4 of other subsystems 1 and 4 are also changed only if absolutely necessary due to a fault.

[0139] By executing step S64, for example, other energy storage devices 14 can be made to bridge the fault for a short period of time. If necessary, the operating mode of another energy storage device 14 can also be changed. In subsequent processes, for example, the state of the other energy storage devices 14 can be brought back close to the state it should be in under fault-free conditions. However, all of this does not change the electrical energy obtained from the power supply network 2.

[0140] However, if even after modifying the planned first operating mode B14 and / or the planned first operating mode B6, the planned first energy intake E2 from the power supply network 2 cannot be maintained, the control device 7 will proceed to step S65. In step S65, the control device 7 not only modifies the planned first operating modes B6 and B14 of the two energy storage devices 6 and 14 to the extent possible, but also modifies the planned first energy intake E2 from the power supply network 2 and / or the planned first operating modes B1 and B4 of other subsystems 1 and 4. This modification is made in a manner that ensures the operating limits of the two energy storage devices 6 and 14 are complied with. In some cases, the modification can also be set to minimize changes in the first energy intake E2 from the power supply network 2. In other cases, this may not be effective and can therefore be disregarded.

[0141] The overall system can also be further divided into other subsystems. This is in... Figure 1 Not shown in the text. Even in this case, Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 The operational methods must also be expanded and supplemented to take into account the corresponding initial states, operating modes, control and termination states of these subsystems.

[0142] This invention offers numerous advantages. Since the acquisition of electrical energy E2' from the power supply network 2 is predetermined and subsequently realized, the cost of electricity can be reliably known. In particular, by participating in the Internet Exchange 11, the cost of electricity can be minimized. For example, long-term acquisition contracts or access to a self-owned power generation unit 13 are also entirely feasible.

[0143] Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail through preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and those skilled in the art can derive other modifications based thereon without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0144] Reference number list

[0145] 1. Facilities

[0146] 2 Power supply network

[0147] 3. Converter

[0148] 4. Electrolysis facilities

[0149] 5 Rectifiers

[0150] 6. Energy storage devices

[0151] 7. Control device

[0152] 8 Control Procedure

[0153] 9 Machine Code

[0154] 10. Internet

[0155] 11 Energy Exchange

[0156] 12 Hydrogen storage device

[0157] 13 Power generation unit

[0158] 14 Other energy storage devices

[0159] AI requirements

[0160] B1, B4, B6, B14 First Operating Mode

[0161] B1', B4', B6', B14' Second operating mode

[0162] Ci conditions

[0163] E1', E4' electricity demand

[0164] E2, E2' Electrical energy acquisition

[0165] Mi power quantity

[0166] Ri's reply

[0167] Steps S1 to S65

[0168] T1, T2 time range

[0169] Time points t0, t1, t2

[0170] V Availability

[0171] Z1, Z4, Z6, Z14 Current Status

[0172] Z6' Expected final state

[0173] Z6* Target State

[0174] δZ6 difference.

Claims

1. A method for operating an overall system. -in, The overall system includes an energy storage device (6) as a subsystem and other subsystems (1, 4). -The other subsystems (1, 4) include facilities (1) for the metal industry. -In order to transmit electrical energy, the metal industry facilities (1) and the energy storage device (6) are directly or indirectly connected to each other and connected to the power supply network (2). -Among them, the control device (7) that controls the overall system can know the current state (Z1, Z4, Z6) of the subsystems (1, 4, 6). -The control device (7) is able to know the planned first acquisition amount (E2) of electrical energy from the power supply network (2) for a first time range (T1) and the planned first operating modes (B1, B4) of the other subsystems (1, 4). - Wherein, the control device (7) determines the expected final state (Z6') of the energy storage device (6) at the end of the first time range (T1) based on the planned first acquisition quantity (E2) and the planned first operating mode (B1, B4). - wherein the control device (7) specifies a planned second energy acquisition amount (E2') taking into account the expected final state (Z6') of the energy storage device (6) and the planned second operating modes (B1', B4') of the other subsystems (1, 4) known to the control device (7) and for the second time period (T2) that directly follow the first time period (T1). - wherein, the control device (7) operates the other subsystems (1, 4) based on the planned first operating mode and the planned second operating mode (B1, B4, B1', B4') during the first time range and the second time range (T1, T2), and the control device obtains electrical energy from the power supply network (2) according to the planned first acquisition amount (E2) and the specified planned second acquisition amount (E2') of electrical energy during the first time range and the second time range (T1, T2). -In order to specify the planned second acquisition amount (E2') of electrical energy, the control device (7) --Based on the second operating mode of the plan (B1', B4'), determine the electrical energy demand (E1', B4') for the operation of the other subsystems (1, 4) during the second time period (T2). E4'), and --Taking into account the energy demand (E1', E4') for the operation of the other subsystems (1, 4) during the second time period (T2) and the expected final state (Z6') of the energy storage device (6) and the target state (Z6*) of the energy storage device (6) expected at the end of the second time period (T2), a second amount of energy (E2') from the power supply network (2) is specified during the second time period (T2).

2. The operating method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overall system includes other energy storage devices (14) as other subsystems (14).

3. The operating method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control device (7) first specifies the planned second operating mode (B14') of the other energy storage device (14) by utilizing the planned second operating mode (B1', B4') of the other subsystems (1, 4) other than the other energy storage device (14), and then specifies only the planned second acquisition amount (E2') of the energy.

4. The operating method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The control device - During the first time period (T1), check whether the power demand of the other subsystems (1, 4) other than the other power storage device (14) deviates from the energy demand according to the planned first operating mode (B1, B4) due to unforeseen circumstances. -If there is no deviation in the energy demand, maintain the planned first operating mode (B14) of the other energy storage device (14) and the planned first operating mode (B6) of the energy storage device (6) based on the planned first acquisition amount (E2) of the energy from the power supply network (2), and -In the event of deviations in the stated electricity demand --Prioritize changing the planned first operating mode (B14) of the other energy storage device (14) and / or the planned first operating mode (B6) of the energy storage device (6) to maintain the planned first intake (E2) of electrical energy from the power supply network (2). --Only when the operating limitations of the energy storage device (6) and / or the other energy storage device (14) cannot be complied with, shall the planned first operating mode (B1, B4) and / or the planned first energy acquisition amount (E2) of the other subsystems (1, 4) other than the other energy storage device (14) be changed to comply with the operating limitations of the energy storage device (6) and / or the other energy storage device (14).

5. The operating method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that, The control device (7) - During the first time range (T1), check whether the operating limits of the energy storage device (6) are complied with even if there are unforeseen circumstances during the remaining part of the first time range (T1). - Subject to compliance with the aforementioned operating limits, maintain the planned first intake of electrical energy (E2), and - In the event that the operating restrictions are not met, change the planned first operating mode (B1, B4) and / or the planned first energy intake (E2) to comply with the operating restrictions of the energy storage device (6).

6. The operating method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, -The overall system includes an electrolysis facility (4) as another subsystem. - In order to transmit electrical energy, the electrolysis facility (4) is directly or indirectly connected to the metal industry facility (1), the energy storage device (6), and the power supply network (2). - The current state (Z1, Z4, Z6) includes the current state (Z4) of the electrolysis facility (4), and - The planned first operating mode and the planned second operating mode (B1, B4) include corresponding operating modes (B4, B4') for the electrolysis facility (4).

7. A control program for a control device (7) of an overall system, -in, The overall system includes an energy storage device (6) as a subsystem and other subsystems (1, 4). -The other subsystems (1, 4) include facilities (1) for the metal industry. -In order to transmit electrical energy, the metal industry facilities (1) and the energy storage device (6) are directly or indirectly connected to each other and connected to the power supply network (2). -The control program includes machine code (9) that can be executed by the control device (7). - wherein the execution of the machine code (9) by the control device (7) causes the control device (7) to control the overall system according to the operating method of any one of the preceding claims.

8. A control device for an overall system, -in, The overall system includes an energy storage device (6) as a subsystem and other subsystems (1, 4). -The other subsystems (1, 4) include facilities (1) for the metal industry. -In order to transmit electrical energy, the metal industry facilities (1) and the energy storage device (6) are directly or indirectly connected to each other and connected to the power supply network (2). - wherein the control device is programmed by the control program (8) according to claim 7, such that when the control device executes the machine code (9) of the control program (8), it controls the overall system by the operating method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A holistic system, -in, The overall system includes an energy storage device (6) as a subsystem and other subsystems (1, 4). -The other subsystems (1, 4) include facilities (1) for the metal industry. -In order to transmit electrical energy, the metal industry facilities (1) and the energy storage device (6) are directly or indirectly connected to each other and connected to the power supply network (2). -The overall system includes the control device (7) according to claim 8, and when the machine code (9) of the control program (8) according to claim 7 is executed, the overall system is controlled by the operation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images