Large-angle inclined steel column self-balancing construction method based on BIM

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of construction methods, in particular to a large-angle inclined steel column self-balancing construction method based on BIM. Comprising the following steps that a database containing steel column parameters, environment parameters and construction parameters is built through a BIM model, and the temperature change value, the instantaneous wind speed, the steel column real-time stress and the hoisting section weight in the construction process are collected in real time; based on the database and the real-time collected data, a torque deviation calculation model under the temperature and wind power coupling effect is established, and the dynamic adjustment amount of the lifting point is deduced according to a deviation value output by the model; calculating a real-time counterweight compensation amount in combination with the lifting point adjustment amount and a stress accumulation effect of previous construction; and according to the balance weight compensation amount, the hoisting posture of the steel column is dynamically regulated and controlled, self-balance control in the construction process is achieved, and the problem that a traditional static method cannot adapt to dynamic stress changes can be solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of construction methods, in particular to a self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns based on BIM. BACKGROUND

[0002] In modern construction engineering, large-angle inclined steel columns are widely used in complex-shaped buildings due to their unique mechanical properties and modeling advantages. During the construction of such steel columns, their stress state changes dynamically with the environment and the construction process. In particular, the coupling effect of thermal expansion and contraction of the steel column caused by temperature fluctuations and lateral loads caused by wind can significantly affect the self-balancing state of the steel column. Existing construction techniques rely on static mechanical calculations to preset self-balancing schemes, only considering fixed parameters such as the weight of the steel column, without considering real-time temperature changes, instantaneous wind speed, and other dynamic environmental factors, and without correlating parameters such as residual stress accumulated during the construction process. This leads to actual construction where the coupling effect of temperature and wind can produce unanticipated moment deviations, and this deviation accumulates with the hoisting process, not only reducing the installation accuracy of the steel column, but also potentially causing temporary instability and other safety risks, making it difficult to meet the construction quality and safety requirements of large-angle inclined steel columns in complex environments.

[0003] Based on the above problems, there is an urgent need for a self-balancing construction technology that can dynamically integrate environmental parameters and construction parameters and accurately respond to the coupling effect to solve the problem that traditional static methods cannot adapt to dynamic stress changes. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and to provide a self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns based on BIM, comprising the following steps: S1: Construct a database containing steel column parameters, environmental parameters and construction parameters through a BIM model, and real-time collect temperature changes, instantaneous wind speed, real-time stress of the steel column and the weight of the hoisting section during the construction process; S2: Based on the database and real-time collected data, establish a moment deviation calculation model under the coupling effect of temperature and wind, and derive the dynamic adjustment amount of the lifting point according to the deviation value output by the model; S3: Calculate the real-time counterweight compensation amount in combination with the lifting point adjustment amount and the stress accumulation effect of the previous construction; S4: Dynamically control the steel column hoisting posture according to the counterweight compensation amount to realize self-balancing control during the construction process.

[0005] Preferably, the BIM model comprises a steel column deepening design module, a construction simulation module and a parameter monitoring module, the deepening design module stores the elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, linear expansion coefficient, cross-sectional moment of inertia and design inclination angle parameters of the steel column; the construction simulation module pre-rehearses the lifting path under different working conditions; the parameter monitoring module is in communication connection with the temperature sensor, wind speed sensor and stress sensor deployed on the construction site, for receiving and storing real-time monitoring data.

[0006] Further preferably, the real-time collected environmental parameters include the difference between the ambient temperature and the steel column surface temperature, the horizontal instantaneous wind speed and the wind direction, the construction parameters include the length, weight of the current lifting section, the residual stress of the installed section and the lifting duration, and the steel column parameters include the elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, linear expansion coefficient, cross-sectional resistance moment and design inclination angle of the steel column material.

[0007] Further preferably, the step of dynamically adjusting the steel column lifting posture comprises: S31: driving the hydraulic device of the adjustable lifting device according to the lifting point dynamic adjustment amount to change the connection position of the lifting rope and the steel column; S32: controlling the displacement of the movable counterweight block arranged at the steel column section according to the counterweight compensation amount, the movable counterweight block is connected with the steel column through a sliding rail, the displacement accuracy of the movable counterweight block is controlled by a servo motor, and the actions of the adjustable lifting device and the movable counterweight block are linked through a PLC controller.

[0008] Further preferably, the moment deviation calculation model under the coupling action of temperature and wind force satisfies the following formula: ; Wherein, is the moment deviation generated by the coupling action; is the elastic modulus of the steel column; is the cross-sectional area of the steel column; is the linear expansion coefficient of the steel column material; is the real-time temperature difference, i.e. the difference between the steel column surface temperature and the ambient reference temperature; is the length of the current lifting section; is the design inclination angle of the steel column; is the air density, taking 1.225 kg / m³; is the wind load shape coefficient, taking 1.3 for an inclined steel column; is the instantaneous wind speed.

[0009] Further preferably, the lifting point dynamic adjustment amount satisfies the following formula: ; Wherein, is the vertical adjustment amount of the lifting point; 1.2 for safety factor; is the current lifting segment weight; is the residual stress of the previous segment steel column; is the steel column cross-sectional moment of inertia.

[0010] Further preferably, the real-time counterweight compensation amount satisfies the following formula: ; wherein, is the counterweight mass; is the distance from the counterweight suspension point to the column top; is the gravitational acceleration, taking 9.81 m / s²; is the time attenuation coefficient, taking 0.02 / h; is the lifting duration.

[0011] Further preferably, the parameter monitoring module further comprises a data calibration unit for correcting the output data of the temperature sensor, the wind speed sensor and the stress sensor, the correction coefficient of the temperature sensor is dynamically adjusted according to the thermal conductivity of the steel column surface coating, the correction coefficient of the wind speed sensor is calculated according to the difference between the sensor installation height and the steel column top height, and the correction coefficient of the stress sensor is compensated according to the strain gradient of its installation position.

[0012] Further preferably, after receiving the lifting point adjustment amount and the counterweight compensation amount output by the BIM model, the PLC controller generates a pulse control signal to drive the servo motor, wherein the pulse signal frequency of the lifting point adjustment is positively correlated with the current wind speed, the pulse signal duty cycle of the counterweight block displacement is positively correlated with the lifting segment weight, and when the absolute value of the real-time monitored torque deviation exceeds the preset threshold value, the PLC controller outputs an alarm signal and suspends the lifting action.

[0013] Further preferably, it further comprises a self-balancing verification step after construction is completed: Based on the BIM model, the torque deviation, the lifting point adjustment amount and the counterweight compensation amount of the entire construction process are traced back to calculate the deviation value of the final installation posture of the steel column and the design posture, when the deviation value satisfies the axial positioning deviation ≤3.0 mm, the perpendicularity deviation ≤10 mm and the same layer column top height deviation ≤5 mm, it is determined that the self-balancing construction is qualified, otherwise the model parameters are adjusted according to the deviation value for the subsequent construction optimization of the same type of steel column.

[0014] Technical effects: The application builds a database containing steel column, environment and construction parameters through a BIM model, collects temperature changes, instantaneous wind speed, steel column stress and hoisting segment weight in real time, establishes a temperature and wind coupling moment deviation model, combines the previous stress accumulation to deduce the hoisting point adjustment amount and counterweight compensation amount, and dynamically controls the hoisting posture. The creativity lies in breaking through the limitations of traditional static calculation, realizing dynamic parameter integration and coupling effect accurate response, solving the problems of moment deviation accumulation, insufficient installation precision and safety risk caused by not considering dynamic environment and construction cumulative effect in the background technology, and guaranteeing the stability and precision of large-angle inclined steel column construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A flowchart of the large-angle inclined steel column self-balancing construction method based on BIM of the present application; Figure 2 A block diagram of the BIM model of the present application; Figure 3 A detailed flowchart of step S4 in the present application Figure 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application and do not limit the present application.

[0017] In the construction of large-angle inclined steel column, the traditional technical scheme fails to effectively integrate BIM technology with real-time environment and construction parameters, and only relies on static calculation to realize self-balancing, which leads to the inability to respond to the dynamic coupling effects of temperature changes and wind action, and is prone to moment deviation accumulation, which in turn causes insufficient installation precision and increased safety risks. Moreover, parameter collection and model analysis are disconnected during the construction process, making it difficult to achieve dynamic control.

[0018] Based on this, please refer to Figure 1 The present embodiment provides a large-angle inclined steel column self-balancing construction method based on BIM, comprising the following steps: S1: A database containing steel column parameters, environmental parameters and construction parameters is built through a BIM model, and temperature changes, instantaneous wind speed, real-time steel column stress and hoisting segment weight during the construction process are collected in real time; S2: Based on the database and real-time collection data, a moment deviation calculation model under the coupling action of temperature and wind is established, and the hoisting point dynamic adjustment amount is deduced according to the deviation value output by the model; S3: The real-time counterweight compensation amount is calculated in combination with the hoisting point adjustment amount and the stress cumulative effect of the previous construction; ​S4: dynamically control the lifting posture of the steel column according to the counterweight compensation amount, and realize self-balancing control in the construction process.

[0019] The scheme breaks through the limitations of traditional static construction methods by deeply integrating BIM models with real-time data, and builds a complete closed loop from parameter collection, model analysis to dynamic control. By establishing a temperature and wind coupling model, environmental factors and construction parameters are integrated into a unified calculation system, solving the deviation problem caused by single factor analysis; combined with the stress accumulation calculation of the counterweight compensation amount, the continuity of the construction process is realized, and the error accumulation in segmented construction is avoided. Its technical effect lies in the ability to respond to environmental changes and construction status in real time, dynamically adjust the posture of the steel column, ensure the stability of the self-balancing system, improve the installation precision and construction safety, and provide a systematic solution for large-angle inclined steel column construction in complex environments.

[0020] In the traditional technical scheme, the application of BIM models in inclined steel column construction is mostly limited to static design and simulation, and lacks modular function division for the whole construction process, resulting in poor interaction between models and field data, difficulty in matching parameter monitoring and design parameters, inability to provide accurate guidance for dynamic construction, and errors in directly using sensor collected data for model analysis without targeted processing.

[0021] Based on this, please refer to Figure 2 , the BIM model includes a steel column deepening design module, a construction simulation module and a parameter monitoring module, wherein the deepening design module stores the elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, linear expansion coefficient, cross-sectional moment of inertia and design inclination angle parameters of the steel column; the construction simulation module simulates the lifting path under different working conditions; the parameter monitoring module is in communication connection with the temperature sensor, wind speed sensor and stress sensor deployed on the construction site, and is used to receive and store real-time monitoring data.

[0022] The scheme solves the problems of mixed functions and inefficient data flow in traditional BIM applications by modularizing the BIM model, defining the function boundaries and data interaction logic of each module. The deepening design module accurately stores the physical parameters of the steel column to provide basic data for calculation; the construction simulation module simulates the working conditions in advance to avoid potential conflicts; and the parameter monitoring module directly connects with the field sensors to ensure the effective collection and storage of real-time data.

[0023] Its technical effect lies in realizing the whole-process empowerment of BIM models from design to construction, and the collaborative work of each module makes the model not only provide accurate design parameters, but also receive real-time field data, providing reliable data support for dynamic calculation and control, improving the practical value of BIM technology in the construction process, and ensuring that the model analysis results are highly consistent with the actual situation.

[0024] The traditional technical solution often only focuses on the basic parameters such as the weight of the steel column itself, the hoisting height, etc. when collecting the construction parameters, and ignores the details of the environmental factors and the construction process parameters, such as the specific definition of the temperature difference, the directional characteristics of the wind speed, the cumulative influence of the residual stress, etc. This results in incomplete parameter dimensions and insufficient precision, which cannot provide comprehensive data for self-balancing calculation, and further affects the accuracy of the adjustment strategy.

[0025] Based on this, the real-time collected environmental parameters include the difference between the environmental temperature and the surface temperature of the steel column, the instantaneous wind speed in the horizontal direction, and the wind direction. The construction parameters include the length, weight of the current hoisting section, residual stress of the installed section, and hoisting duration. The steel column parameters include the elastic modulus of the steel column material, the cross-sectional area, the linear expansion coefficient, the cross-sectional resistance moment, and the design inclination.

[0026] This scheme refines the parameter classification and specific definition, and constructs a multi-dimensional and high-precision parameter collection system, solving the problem of generalization and key information missing in traditional parameter collection. In the environmental parameters, the temperature difference is defined as the difference between the steel column surface and the environmental reference temperature, capturing the thermal deformation characteristics of the steel column itself. The collection of horizontal wind speed and wind direction more accurately reflects the lateral effect of wind on the steel column. The construction parameters include residual stress and hoisting duration, considering the cumulative effect of the construction process. The steel column parameters cover material and structural characteristics, providing a basis for mechanical calculation.

[0027] Its technical effect lies in ensuring that the parameters for self-balancing calculation are comprehensive and accurate, and each parameter complements each other to support the calculation of key indicators such as moment deviation and hoisting point adjustment amount, making the dynamic control strategy more in line with the actual construction state, reducing the adjustment error caused by insufficient parameters, and improving the construction precision and efficiency.

[0028] In the traditional technical solution, the adjustment of the steel column hoisting posture mainly depends on manual operation and experience, and there is a lack of linkage mechanism between the hoisting point position adjustment and the counterweight compensation. Moreover, the adjustment precision is greatly affected by human factors, and real-time and accurate collaborative control cannot be achieved. When the environment or construction state changes suddenly, adjustment lag may occur, leading to temporary instability of the steel column and increasing the safety risk.

[0029] Based on this, please refer to Figure 3 , the steps of dynamically adjusting the steel column hoisting posture specifically include: S31: driving the hydraulic device of the adjustable hoist according to the hoisting point dynamic adjustment amount to change the connection position of the hoisting rope and the steel column; S32: controlling the displacement of the movable counterweight block arranged at the segmented steel column according to the counterweight compensation amount, the movable counterweight block being connected to the steel column through a sliding rail, the displacement precision being controlled by a servo motor, and the actions of the adjustable hoist and the movable counterweight block being linked through a PLC controller.

[0030] The scheme replaces the traditional manual adjustment mode by introducing an automatic control device and a linkage mechanism, solving the problems of low regulation and control precision and poor coordination. The hydraulic device drives the lifting point adjustment, which responds quickly and has precise position control. The servo motor controls the displacement of the counterweight, ensuring accurate execution of the counterweight compensation. The PLC controller realizes the linkage of the lifting device and the counterweight device, making their actions synchronous and avoiding torque imbalance caused by asynchronous adjustment. The technical effect lies in realizing the automation and precision control of the lifting posture. The coordinated action of the lifting point and the counterweight can quickly respond to changes in torque deviation, ensuring the stability of the steel column during the adjustment process. At the same time, it reduces manual intervention, reduces human error, improves construction efficiency, and especially in complex environments and variable parameters, it can effectively respond to unexpected situations and ensure construction safety.

[0031] The traditional technical solution considers only the influence of temperature or wind when calculating the torque deviation of the steel column, does not involve the coupling effect of the two, and the calculation model does not take into account the correlation between the structure parameters of the steel column and the construction parameters, resulting in a large deviation between the calculated torque deviation and the actual stress state, which cannot provide reliable basis for subsequent adjustment, thereby affecting the effectiveness of self-balancing control.

[0032] Therefore, the torque deviation calculation model under the coupling effect of temperature and wind force satisfies the following formula:

[0033] Wherein, is the torque deviation caused by the coupling effect; is the elastic modulus of the steel column; is the cross-sectional area of the steel column; is the linear expansion coefficient of the steel column material; is the real-time temperature difference, i.e. the difference between the surface temperature of the steel column and the ambient reference temperature; is the current lifting segment length; is the design inclination angle of the steel column; is the air density, taking 1.225 kg / m³; is the wind load shape coefficient, taking 1.3 for an inclined steel column; is the instantaneous wind speed.

[0034] This formula is used to quantify the torque deviation of a large-angle inclined steel column caused by the coupling of temperature change and wind force during construction, which is the core calculation basis for subsequent lifting point adjustment and counterweight compensation.

[0035] The left side of the formula represents the total torque deviation under the coupling effect, which is composed of two parts, corresponding to the independent action of temperature and wind and the coordinated influence of the two.

[0036] The first half of the formula , focusing on the mechanical influence of temperature change on steel columns.

[0037] wherein, Elastic modulus and Sectional area reflects the material and structural characteristics of steel columns, determining their ability to resist deformation; Linear expansion coefficient reflects the expansion and contraction characteristics of steel with temperature changes; Real-time temperature difference is directly related to the thermal expansion and contraction of steel columns due to environmental temperature fluctuations; Current hoisting segment length and Design inclination angle converts axial expansion and contraction into torque around the pivot point through geometric relationships— The introduction of is because the component of axial deformation of the inclined steel column in the direction of gravity will generate effective torque.

[0038] The physical meaning of this part is to accurately capture how the change in steel column length caused by temperature changes translates into torque that disrupts the self-balancing, addressing the shortcomings of traditional construction that only considers static weight and ignores temperature dynamics.

[0039] The latter half of the formula , which addresses the lateral effects of wind on inclined steel columns. Air density is an environmental base parameter, The wind load shape coefficient is valued at 1.3 for the special form of inclined steel columns, reflecting the special nature of wind resistance on non-vertical components; Wind speed squared conforms to the square relationship between wind force and speed in fluid mechanics, reflecting the significant impact of wind speed on lateral force; The square of the hoisting segment length is directly proportional to the total torque, as the point of wind action is distributed along the column; The introduction of is because the component of lateral wind force perpendicular to the steel column axis will generate effective torque.

[0040] This part addresses the deviation caused by the simplified wind force calculation in traditional construction, such as estimating only the horizontal force, especially suitable for the environmental characteristics of Changsha, where gusts are common.

[0041] The superposition logic of the two parts reflects the coupled destructive effect of temperature and wind on the self-balancing of steel columns—both are not independent but together constitute the resultant torque that causes the steel column to deviate. The design of this formula enables BIM models to integrate environmental and structural parameters in real time, providing accurate torque deviation data for dynamic control, ensuring the scientificity and timeliness of self-balancing control.

[0042] This scheme integrates the effects of temperature and wind on steel columns into a unified torque deviation index by constructing a coupled calculation model, addressing the limitations of traditional single-factor analysis.

[0043] In the formula, the front half part quantifies the axial force moment generated by thermal expansion and contraction of the steel column due to temperature change, and the latter half part calculates the lateral force moment under the action of wind, and the superposition of the two reflects the actual stress state, and each parameter is directly related to the structure characteristics of the steel column, construction parameters and environmental state, ensuring the pertinence and accuracy of the calculation. The technical effect lies in that the moment deviation under the coupling action of temperature and wind can be accurately quantified, a scientific basis is provided for the adjustment of the lifting point and the compensation of the counterweight, the subsequent control measures are more targeted, the construction risk caused by inaccurate calculation of the moment deviation is effectively reduced, and the accuracy and reliability of the self-balancing control are improved.

[0044] In the traditional technical solution, when calculating the lifting point adjustment amount, only a single moment deviation value is usually used for calculation, without considering the influence of residual stress accumulated in the previous construction on the current lifting section, resulting in deviation of the lifting point adjustment amount from the actual demand, thereby affecting the stability and precision of the steel column installation. Especially when multiple steel columns are continuously lifted, the cumulative effect of residual stress will gradually magnify the error, increasing the construction risk.

[0045] Therefore, the lifting point dynamic adjustment amount satisfies the following formula: ; Among them, is the vertical adjustment amount of the lifting point; is a safety factor, taking 1.2; is the weight of the current lifting section; is the residual stress of the previous section of the steel column; is the sectional moment of inertia of the steel column.

[0046] This scheme introduces the previous residual stress parameter in the calculation of the lifting point adjustment amount, and constructs a composite calculation model containing the instantaneous moment deviation and the accumulation of historical stress, solving the problem of ignoring the influence of construction continuity in the traditional calculation method.

[0047] The formula is used to calculate the vertical adjustment amount of the lifting point required to offset the coupling moment deviation and the accumulation of previous construction stress, which is a key link connecting the moment deviation analysis and the actual construction operation. The left side of the formula represents the vertical distance that the lifting point needs to adjust, which is composed of two parts, corresponding to the compensation of the instantaneous moment deviation and the correction of the historical stress influence.

[0048] The first half of the formula adjusts the current coupling moment deviation . Among them, The introduction of the safety factor reserves a safety redundancy for the adjustment amount, avoiding imbalance caused by calculation error or sudden environmental change; The weight of the current lifting section is the basic parameter of the adjustment, which reflects that the adjustment of the lifting point needs to match the weight of the steel column; Then, through geometric relationships, the vertical adjustment is converted into an effective torque—the balancing torque generated by the vertical movement of the lifting point on the tilted steel column, and... Inversely proportional. The core function of this part is to transform the abstract torque deviation into specific lifting point position adjustment values, so that the analysis results of the BIM model can directly guide the action of the adjustable lifting equipment, solving the problem of the disconnect between torque calculation and on-site operation in traditional construction.

[0049] The second half of the formula Focusing on residual stress accumulated in previous construction phases The impact on the current paragraph. The moment of inertia of a section reflects the ability of a steel column to resist bending deformation, and together with the residual stress, it constitutes the additional moment exerted on the current section by the preceding construction. The current lifting section length is then converted into a demand for lifting point adjustment through lever arm relationships; the denominator contains... The current section weight ensures that the adjustment amount is compatible with the self-weight of the steel column.

[0050] This part of the design breaks through the limitations of traditional construction methods that require independent adjustment of sections. In the multi-section hoisting of large-angle inclined steel columns, the residual welding stress of the previous section will be transferred to the current section through the connection nodes, causing a deviation between the actual stress state and the theoretical calculation. This part quantifies the influence of residual stress, so that the adjustment of the hoisting points can take into account the continuity of the construction process and avoid the accumulation of errors.

[0051] The combined logic of the two parts reflects a composite control approach of real-time adjustment and historical correction: it is necessary to both offset the torque deviation caused by the current environment and construction conditions, and correct the stress effects left over from previous construction. The application of this formula makes the adjustment amount of the lifting point more closely match the actual stress state of the steel column, providing accurate basic parameters for subsequent counterweight compensation, and ensuring that the installation posture of each section of the steel column is within a controllable range.

[0052] In the formula, the first part calculates the foundation adjustment based on the torque deviation caused by the coupling of temperature and wind force, while the second part quantifies the additional adjustment requirements of the current segment due to the residual stress from the preceding process acting on it through the moment of inertia of the cross section and the length of the hoisting segment. The two are superimposed to form the final adjustment value, and the introduction of a safety factor further ensures the reliability of the adjustment. Its technical effect is that the hoisting point adjustment can not only cope with changes in the real-time environment and construction conditions, but also offset the stress accumulated in the preceding construction, ensuring that the hoisting posture of each steel column segment is within a precise control range, reducing error transmission in multi-segment hoisting, improving overall installation accuracy and structural stability, and providing more reliable basic data for subsequent counterweight compensation.

[0053] In the traditional technical solution, the calculation of the counterweight compensation amount only considers the instantaneous moment deviation, without considering the residual influence after the adjustment of the lifting point and the attenuation effect of the construction duration on the counterweight effect, resulting in overcompensation of the counterweight, causing resource waste, or insufficient counterweight, failing to achieve balance. Especially in long-term hoisting operations, the time decay of the counterweight will significantly reduce the self-balancing effect.

[0054] Therefore, the real-time counterweight compensation amount satisfies the following formula: ; Wherein, is the counterweight mass; is the distance from the counterweight suspension point to the top of the column; is the gravitational acceleration, taking 9.81 m / s²; is the time decay coefficient, taking 0.02 / h; is the hoisting duration.

[0055] The formula is used to calculate the real-time counterweight mass required to achieve self-balancing of the steel column, which is a supplement and enhancement to the adjustment of the lifting point, especially suitable for scenarios where the adjustment range of the lifting point is limited or the environmental parameters change suddenly.

[0056] The left side of the formula represents the mass of the required counterweight, which is determined by the moment compensation demand of the numerator part, the force arm parameter of the denominator part, and the time decay correction.

[0057] The numerator part of the formula comprehensively considers two aspects of moment compensation demand: one is the residual moment deviation that is not completely offset by the adjustment of the lifting point; the other is the additional moment that is generated after the adjustment of the lifting point — due to the vertical movement of the lifting point , the vertical component of the self-weight of the steel column in the inclined direction will generate a new moment that needs to be offset by the counterweight.

[0058] The design of this part solves the problem of secondary imbalance caused by independent calculation of the adjustment of the lifting point and the compensation of the counterweight in traditional construction, ensuring that the two work together rather than interfere with each other.

[0059] The denominator part of the formula reflects the force arm characteristics of the counterweight. The distance from the counterweight suspension point to the top of the column directly determines the length of the force arm generated by the counterweight; the gravitational acceleration converts the mass of the counterweight into gravity; then through geometric relations, the vertical gravity of the counterweight is converted into an effective balancing moment perpendicular to the axis of the steel column. The overall effect of the denominator is to quantify the balancing moment that a unit mass of counterweight can provide, ensuring the accuracy of the counterweight mass calculation.

[0060] Correction term in the formula , the time decay characteristics of the counterweight effect. The time decay coefficient reflects the effect decay caused by the loosening of the connecting components, the slight deformation of the steel column, and other factors; The hoisting duration quantifies the cumulative effect of the decay.

[0061] The introduction of this part makes up for the defects of traditional construction, such as one-time setting of counterweight and ignoring the time effect, especially for large-angle steel column construction with a long hoisting period, ensuring the effectiveness of the counterweight effect throughout the construction process.

[0062] This formula forms a progressive relationship with the previous two formulas: based on the moment deviation of Formula One, combined with the adjustment amount of the lifting point of Formula Two, the real-time counterweight demand is finally calculated, realizing the dynamic control of the whole chain from moment analysis to lifting point adjustment to final counterweight compensation.

[0063] Its application enables the self-balancing system to adapt to dynamic changes in complex environments and construction processes, greatly improving the stability and safety of large-angle inclined steel column construction.

[0064] This scheme solves the problem of single calculation dimension and the lack of consideration of time factors in traditional counterweight calculation by building a composite calculation model that includes moment deviation, residual influence after lifting point adjustment, and time decay.

[0065] In the formula, the numerator part integrates the moment deviation and additional moment generated by the weight of the hoisting section and the inclination effect after lifting point adjustment under the coupling of temperature and wind force, the denominator quantifies the force arm effect of the counterweight through the suspension distance, gravitational acceleration, and cosine value of the inclination, and the product term of the time decay coefficient and the construction time compensates for the effect decay of the counterweight over time, ensuring that the counterweight can still meet the balance requirement in long-term operation.

[0066] Its technical effect lies in making the counterweight compensation amount not only accurately offset the immediate moment imbalance but also cover the residual influence after lifting point adjustment, while adapting to changes in construction time, avoiding the displacement of the steel column posture caused by insufficient or decayed counterweight, reducing the number of repeated adjustments, and improving the sustainability and reliability of self-balancing control, especially for large-angle inclined steel column construction scenarios with a long hoisting period.

[0067] In the traditional technical scheme, the data collected by the sensor is directly used for BIM model analysis and calculation, without considering the influence of the sensor's own characteristics, installation environment, and position differences on data accuracy, such as the influence of the thermal conductivity of the steel column surface coating on the temperature sensor and the data deviation caused by the difference between the installation height and the top of the steel column for the wind speed sensor. These uncorrected data will distort the model calculation results, affecting the accuracy of dynamic regulation and control.

[0068] Based on this, the parameter monitoring module further includes a data calibration unit for correcting the output data of the temperature sensor, the wind speed sensor and the stress sensor, wherein the correction coefficient of the temperature sensor is dynamically adjusted according to the thermal conductivity of the surface coating of the steel column, the correction coefficient of the wind speed sensor is calculated according to the difference between the installation height of the sensor and the height of the top of the steel column, and the correction coefficient of the stress sensor is compensated according to the strain gradient of the installation position.

[0069] The scheme adds a data calibration unit, formulates a targeted correction strategy for the error sources of different types of sensors, and solves the data distortion problem caused by re-collection and light calibration in the traditional data collection process. The temperature sensor correction combines the thermal conductivity of the coating to ensure that the collected temperature difference can truly reflect the thermal state of the steel column; the wind speed sensor correction considers the installation height difference to make the wind speed data consistent with the actual wind state at the top of the steel column; and the stress sensor correction is based on the strain gradient to eliminate the stress measurement deviation caused by different installation positions. The technical effect lies in greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data, providing high-quality data input for the torque deviation calculation of the BIM model, the hoisting point adjustment amount and the weight compensation amount derivation, reducing the failure of the control strategy caused by data errors, making the dynamic self-balancing control more consistent with the actual construction state, and indirectly improving the precision and safety of the steel column installation.

[0070] In the traditional technical solution, the hoisting point adjustment and the weight compensation are usually operated independently, and there is a lack of automatic linkage mechanism, relying on manual coordination of the action rhythm of the two, which not only has slow response speed, but also is easy to cause temporary instability of the steel column due to different operation steps, especially when the environmental parameters change suddenly, the lag of manual operation will significantly increase the construction risk, and the adjustment accuracy is greatly affected by human experience, which is difficult to ensure consistency.

[0071] Based on this, the PLC controller receives the hoisting point adjustment amount and the weight compensation amount output by the BIM model, generates a pulse control signal to drive the servo motor, wherein the pulse signal frequency of the hoisting point adjustment is positively correlated with the current wind speed, and the pulse signal duty cycle of the weight displacement is positively correlated with the weight of the hoisting section, and when the absolute value of the real-time monitored torque deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the PLC controller outputs an alarm signal and suspends the hoisting action.

[0072] The scheme realizes the automatic linkage control of the lifting point adjustment and the counterweight compensation through the PLC controller, solves the problems of poor synchronization, slow response and insufficient precision of traditional manual operation, and ensures the safety of the construction process. The PLC controller as the core control unit receives the adjustment parameters output by the model, converts them into pulse signals to drive the servo motor, so that the adjustment frequency of the lifting point increases with the increase of the wind speed, ensuring fast response in strong wind environment; the displacement duty ratio of the counterweight increases with the increase of the hoisting section weight, ensuring the strength of the counterweight adjustment under heavy load; at the same time, the threshold monitoring and alarm suspension mechanism provides safety redundancy to avoid danger caused by excessive moment deviation. The technical effect lies in realizing the real-time cooperation of the lifting point and the counterweight adjustment, significantly improving the action response speed and precision, reducing the errors and lags caused by manual intervention, especially in complex environment, which can quickly respond to parameter changes and ensure that the steel column is always in a stable state. At the same time, the alarm mechanism provides additional protection for construction safety, improving the controllability and safety of the whole construction process.

[0073] The traditional technical scheme often only judges the construction quality through simple size measurement after the installation of the steel column is completed, lacks the backtracking analysis of the whole construction process data and the inversion optimization of the model parameters, and cannot accurately identify the root cause of the error, so that the same problem may be repeated in subsequent similar construction, and it is difficult to form a closed-loop construction experience accumulation mechanism, affecting the continuous improvement of the technical scheme.

[0074] Therefore, the self-balancing verification step after the construction is completed is further included: based on the BIM model, the moment deviation, the lifting point adjustment amount and the counterweight compensation amount of the whole construction process are tracked back, the deviation value of the final installation posture of the steel column and the design posture is calculated, when the deviation value meets the axis positioning deviation ≤3.0mm, the perpendicularity deviation ≤10mm and the same layer column top height deviation ≤5mm, it is determined that the self-balancing construction is qualified, otherwise the model parameters are adjusted according to the deviation value for the subsequent construction optimization of the same type of steel column.

[0075] The scheme solves the problem of lack of system verification and continuous improvement mechanism in traditional construction by constructing a closed-loop process of construction, verification, inversion and optimization. The verification step not only pays attention to the final installation precision, but also tracks back the whole process data through the BIM model, comprehensively analyzes the change trend of the moment deviation, the adjustment amount and the compensation amount, and accurately locates the error source; the qualified judgment standard clearly defines the quantitative index, ensuring the objectivity of quality evaluation; and the model parameter inversion when the deviation exceeds the limit provides optimization basis for subsequent construction, realizing the iterative upgrade of the technical scheme.

[0076] Its technical effect lies in ensuring that the quality of each construction is strictly verified and meets the preset standards; at the same time, through data backtracking and parameter inversion, a valuable construction experience database is formed, so that subsequent similar steel column construction can be based on optimized model parameters, reducing trial and error costs, improving construction efficiency and precision, gradually improving the self-balancing construction technology system, forming a virtuous cycle of continuous improvement, and providing a solid practical foundation for the development of large-angle inclined steel column construction technology.

[0077] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, not other forms of the present application, any skilled in the art can use the above disclosed technical content to change or modify equivalent embodiments for other fields, but any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments without departing from the technical solution content of the present application, according to the technical essence of the present application, still belongs to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Construct a database containing steel column parameters, environmental parameters, and construction parameters through a BIM model, and collect temperature changes, instantaneous wind speed, real-time stress of steel columns, and weight of hoisting sections in real time during the construction process; S2: Based on the database and real-time collected data, establish a torque deviation calculation model under the coupling effect of temperature and wind, and derive the dynamic adjustment amount of the lifting point based on the deviation value output by the model; S3: Calculate the real-time counterweight compensation amount by combining the aforementioned lifting point adjustment amount and the stress accumulation effect of the preceding construction. S4: The steel column hoisting posture is dynamically adjusted according to the counterweight compensation amount to achieve self-balancing control during construction.

2. The BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The BIM model includes a steel column detailed design module, a construction simulation module, and a parameter monitoring module. The detailed design module stores the elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, coefficient of linear expansion, moment of inertia, and design tilt angle parameters of the steel column. The construction simulation module simulates the hoisting path under different working conditions. The parameter monitoring module is communicatively connected to temperature sensors, wind speed sensors, and stress sensors deployed on the construction site to receive and store real-time monitoring data.

3. The BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time collected environmental parameters include the difference between the ambient temperature and the surface temperature of the steel column, the instantaneous wind speed and direction in the horizontal direction, the construction parameters include the length and weight of the current hoisting section, the residual stress of the installed section and the hoisting duration, and the steel column parameters include the elastic modulus, cross-sectional area, coefficient of linear expansion, section modulus and design inclination angle of the steel column material.

4. The BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for dynamically adjusting the hoisting posture of the steel column specifically include: S31: The hydraulic device that drives the adjustable lifting device according to the dynamic adjustment of the lifting point changes the connection position between the lifting rope and the steel column; S32: The displacement of the movable counterweight block set at the steel column segment is controlled according to the counterweight compensation amount. The movable counterweight block is connected to the steel column through a slide rail. The displacement accuracy of the movable counterweight block is controlled by a servo motor. The movement of the adjustable lifting device and the movable counterweight block is linked through a PLC controller.

5. The BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The torque deviation calculation model under the coupled effects of temperature and wind force satisfies the following formula: ； in, The torque deviation caused by the coupling effect; The elastic modulus of the steel column; The cross-sectional area of ​​the steel column; The coefficient of linear expansion of the steel column material; This refers to the real-time temperature difference, which is the difference between the surface temperature of the steel column and the ambient reference temperature. This represents the current length of the hoisting section; Design the inclination angle for the steel column; For air density, take 1.225 kg / m³; This is the wind load shape coefficient, which is taken as 1.3 for inclined steel columns; This refers to the instantaneous wind speed.

6. The BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dynamic adjustment amount of the lifting point satisfies the following formula: ； in, This refers to the vertical adjustment amount of the lifting point; For safety, we take a factor of 1.2; This represents the weight of the current hoisting section. This represents the residual stress in the previous section of the steel column; Let be the moment of inertia of the steel column section.

7. A BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 6, characterized in that, The real-time counterweight compensation amount satisfies the following formula: ； in, For counterweight mass; This is the distance from the counterweight suspension point to the top of the column; The acceleration due to gravity is taken as 9.81 m / s². The time decay coefficient is set to 0.02 / h. This refers to the duration of the hoisting operation.

8. A BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 2, characterized in that, The parameter monitoring module also includes a data calibration unit for correcting the output data of the temperature sensor, wind speed sensor, and stress sensor. The correction coefficient of the temperature sensor is dynamically adjusted based on the thermal conductivity of the coating on the surface of the steel column. The correction coefficient of the wind speed sensor is calculated based on the difference between the sensor installation height and the top height of the steel column. The correction coefficient of the stress sensor is compensated based on the strain gradient at its installation location.

9. A BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 4, characterized in that, After receiving the lifting point adjustment amount and counterweight compensation amount output from the BIM model, the PLC controller generates pulse control signals to drive the servo motor. The frequency of the lifting point adjustment pulse signal is positively correlated with the current wind speed, and the duty cycle of the counterweight displacement pulse signal is positively correlated with the weight of the lifting section. When the absolute value of the torque deviation monitored in real time exceeds the preset threshold, the PLC controller outputs an alarm signal and suspends the lifting action.

10. A BIM-based self-balancing construction method for large-angle inclined steel columns according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a self-balancing verification step after construction is completed: Based on the BIM model, the torque deviation, lifting point adjustment amount, and counterweight compensation amount of the entire construction process are traced back. The deviation value between the final installation posture of the steel column and the design posture is calculated. When the deviation value meets the requirements of axis positioning deviation ≤ 3.0mm, verticality deviation ≤ 10mm, and column top elevation deviation ≤ 5mm on the same floor, the self-balancing construction is deemed qualified. Otherwise, the model parameters are adjusted based on the deviation value for subsequent construction optimization of similar steel columns.

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