Photovoltaic panel self-adaptive cleaning system and method based on sand and dust optical thickness monitoring

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic panel self-adaptive cleaning system and method based on sand and dust optical thickness monitoring. The photovoltaic panel self-adaptive cleaning system comprises a sand and dust optical thickness monitoring module, a data processing and control module, a cleaning execution module, a power supply module and a remote monitoring module. The sand and dust optical thickness monitoring module is used for monitoring the sand and dust optical thickness AOD of the environment where the photovoltaic panel is located in real time, calculating the AOD by measuring the light intensity attenuation of a specific wavelength, and correcting the atmospheric Rayleigh scattering optical thickness and the gas absorption optical thickness at the same time; the data processing and control module is in communication connection with the sand and dust optical thickness monitoring module and used for receiving the AOD data and comparing the AOD data with a preset dust retention threshold value, and when the AOD value is larger than or equal to the threshold value, a cleaning instruction is generated; and the cleaning execution module is used for receiving the cleaning instruction and executing cleaning operation. Intelligent and self-adaptive control of photovoltaic panel accumulated dust cleaning is achieved, the cleaning opportunity can be adjusted in real time according to the actual sand and dust optical thickness, and the cleaning pertinence and effectiveness are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic technology, and particularly to a photovoltaic panel self-adaptive cleaning system and method based on sand dust optical depth monitoring. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the operation process of a solar photovoltaic system, the dust accumulation on the surface of a photovoltaic panel has been an important factor affecting the power generation efficiency. A large number of studies have shown that dust accumulation can cause a shielding effect on the surface of a photovoltaic component, significantly reduce the light transmittance of the component, and thus lead to a decrease in the power generation efficiency. For example, when the dust density on the surface of a single component is 2 g / m 2 -8 g / m 2 , the power generation efficiency is reduced by 5%-25% accordingly. At present, the cleaning methods for dust accumulation on photovoltaic panels mainly include manual cleaning and fixed-period automatic cleaning. However, manual cleaning has high cost and low efficiency, and fixed-period cleaning cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the actual dust accumulation situation, which is likely to cause waste of water resources or energy and makes it difficult to guarantee the cleaning effect. Therefore, how to realize self-adaptive cleaning of photovoltaic panels according to the actual dust accumulation situation has become a technical problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present application is proposed.

[0004] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present application is that at present, the cleaning methods for dust accumulation on photovoltaic panels mainly include manual cleaning and fixed-period automatic cleaning. However, manual cleaning has high cost and low efficiency, and fixed-period cleaning cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the actual dust accumulation situation.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a photovoltaic panel self-adaptive cleaning system based on sand dust optical depth monitoring, which comprises a sand dust optical depth monitoring module, a data processing and control module, a cleaning execution module, a power supply module, and a remote monitoring module. The sand dust optical depth monitoring module is used for monitoring the sand dust optical depth AOD of the environment where the photovoltaic panel is located in real time, calculating the AOD by measuring the light intensity attenuation of a specific wavelength, and correcting the atmospheric Rayleigh scattering optical depth and the gas absorption optical depth. The data processing and control module is in communication connection with the sand dust optical depth monitoring module, used for receiving AOD data and comparing the AOD data with a preset dust accumulation threshold value, and generating a cleaning instruction when the AOD value is greater than or equal to the threshold value. The cleaning execution module is in communication connection with the data processing and control module, used for receiving the cleaning instruction and executing the cleaning operation. The power supply module provides power for the system, and uses photovoltaic panel self-generation or a storage battery for power supply. The remote monitoring module is in communication connection with the data processing and control module for data interaction.

[0006] As a preferred scheme of the photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on dust optical thickness monitoring, wherein: the AOD calculated by measuring the light intensity attenuation at a specific wavelength comprises calculating the AOD based on the Beer-Lambert law and the collected incident light intensity and transmitted light intensity, and the formula is expressed as,

[0007]

[0008] wherein λ represents the wavelength, T λ represents the dust optical thickness at the wavelength λ, I λ represents the transmitted light intensity at the wavelength λ, I 0,λ represents the incident light intensity at the wavelength λ; the correction of the atmospheric Rayleigh scattering optical thickness and the gas absorption optical thickness comprises correcting the atmospheric Rayleigh scattering optical thickness and the gas absorption optical thickness based on the calculated dust optical thickness and the actually measured optical thickness, and the formula is expressed as,

[0009] Tλ=T total,λ -T Rayleigh,λ -T gas,λ

[0010] wherein T total,λ represents the actually measured optical thickness at the wavelength λ; T Rayleigh,λ represents the atmospheric Rayleigh scattering optical thickness at the wavelength λ, T Rayleigh,λ ≈0.0088λ -4.15 ; T gas, λ represents the gas absorption optical thickness at the wavelength λ.

[0011] As a preferred scheme of the photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on dust optical thickness monitoring, wherein: the dust optical thickness monitoring module comprises an optical sensor array, and the optical sensor array comprises at least three light intensity sensors with different wavelengths, and the wavelength range covers 440-870 nm, and multi-wavelength light intensity data are synchronously collected.

[0012] As a preferred scheme of the photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on dust optical thickness monitoring, wherein: the data processing and control module is provided with threshold judgment logic, including a primary threshold, an intermediate threshold and a high threshold, and different thresholds correspond to different cleaning strategies; when the primary threshold condition is reached, a warning prompt is triggered; when the intermediate threshold condition is reached, a basic cleaning mode is started; and when the high threshold condition is reached, an intensive cleaning mode is started.

[0013] As a preferred scheme of the photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on dust optical depth monitoring, the cleaning execution module comprises a cleaning assembly, the cleaning assembly comprises a rotatable water spraying arm, a high-frequency vibration brush and a pulse air flow nozzle; the rotatable water spraying arm is provided with at least four water spraying holes, and the water spraying pressure ranges from 0.3 MPa to 0.8 MPa; the vibration frequency of the high-frequency vibration brush is adjusted in the range of 20 Hz to 50 Hz; the air flow speed of the pulse air flow nozzle ranges from 30 m / s to 60 m / s; and the cleaning execution module comprises three cleaning operations of water spraying cleaning, brush sweeping and air flow blowing.

[0014] As a preferred scheme of the photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on dust optical depth monitoring, the power supply module comprises an energy management unit, the energy management unit is used for coordinating photovoltaic panel power generation and battery charging and discharging, charging the battery when the photovoltaic panel power generation power is greater than the system power consumption, supplying power by the battery when the power generation power is insufficient, and being provided with an overcharge and overdischarge protection circuit.

[0015] As a preferred scheme of the photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on dust optical depth monitoring, the data interaction comprises that the remote monitoring module remotely receives AOD data and cleaning state information of the data processing and control module, and remotely sets a dust accumulation threshold value and starts a cleaning operation.

[0016] To solve the above technical problems, the application provides the following technical scheme: a photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning method based on dust optical depth monitoring, comprising: a dust optical depth monitoring module collects light intensity data in real time at a sampling frequency greater than or equal to 10 Hz and calculates an AOD value; a data processing and control module compares the AOD value with a plurality of preset threshold values, and judges whether to trigger a warning or a cleaning instruction; when the AOD value reaches an intermediate threshold value, a basic cleaning mode is started, and the data processing and control module selects any one of water spraying cleaning, brush sweeping and air flow blowing as a cleaning mode; when a high-level threshold value is reached, an enhanced cleaning mode is started, and two or more cleaning operations are combined as a cleaning mode; when the cleaning execution module executes the cleaning operation, the cleaning time, the water consumption and the energy consumption parameters are recorded synchronously; after the cleaning is completed, the dust optical depth monitoring module continues to monitor the AOD value change, and if the AOD value decreases by less than 30% within a preset time, it is determined that the cleaning is not complete and secondary cleaning is automatically triggered.

[0017] The application has the advantages that the application realizes intelligentization and adaptive control of photovoltaic panel dust cleaning, can adjust the cleaning time according to the actual dust optical depth in real time, improves the pertinence and effectiveness of cleaning, and avoids high cost of manual cleaning and resource waste of fixed period cleaning.

[0018] By judging the dust accumulation condition through accurately monitoring the AOD value, the influence of the dust accumulation on the light transmittance of the photovoltaic panel surface can be more accurately reflected, so that cleaning is performed in time, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is effectively improved.

[0019] The cleaning execution module can select multiple cleaning modes according to actual conditions, and the adaptability and flexibility of the system are improved, and the photovoltaic panel cleaning under different environments and conditions can be applied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creating labor.

[0021] Figure 1 The module structure diagram of the photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on sand dust optical thickness monitoring in embodiment 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more apparent and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings of the specification.

[0023] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present application, therefore the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0024] Embodiment 1, refer to Figure 1 , the first embodiment of the present application, the embodiment provides a photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on sand dust optical thickness monitoring, including sand dust optical thickness monitoring module 100, data processing and control module 200, cleaning execution module 300, power supply module 400 and remote monitoring module 500.

[0025] The sand dust optical thickness monitoring module 100 is used for real-time monitoring of the sand dust optical thickness AOD of the environment where the photovoltaic panel is located, and the AOD is calculated by measuring the light intensity attenuation of a specific wavelength, and the atmospheric Rayleigh scattering optical thickness and the gas absorption optical thickness are corrected.

[0026] The data processing and control module 200 is in communication connection with the sand dust optical thickness monitoring module 100, used for receiving AOD data and comparing with a preset dust accumulation threshold value, and generating a cleaning instruction when the AOD value is greater than or equal to the threshold value.

[0027] The cleaning execution module 300 is in communication connection with the data processing and control module 200, for receiving cleaning instructions and executing cleaning operations.

[0028] The power supply module 400 provides power for the system, using photovoltaic panels to generate electricity or using a storage battery to supply power.

[0029] The remote monitoring module 500 is in communication connection with the data processing and control module 200, for data interaction.

[0030] Further, the sand and dust optical thickness monitoring module 100 includes an optical sensor array, which contains at least three different wavelength light intensity sensors, with a wavelength range covering 440nm-870nm, and synchronously collects multi-wavelength light intensity data.

[0031] Specifically, a solar photometer is used as the core monitoring equipment, which integrates silicon photodetectors of three wavelengths of 440nm, 670nm and 870nm, with a detection accuracy of ±0.01 and a sampling frequency of 15Hz. The solar photometer is installed on a fixed support in the central region of the photovoltaic array, with a support height of 0.5 meters higher than the plane of the photovoltaic panel, to ensure that the detection light path is not blocked. The device has a built-in temperature compensation circuit and can work stably in an environment of -20℃ to 60℃. Data transmission uses RS485 bus, with a communication baud rate of 115200bps.

[0032] In the sand and dust optical thickness monitoring module 100, AOD is calculated by measuring the light intensity attenuation of a specific wavelength, including calculating AOD based on the Beer-Lambert law and the collected incident light intensity and transmitted light intensity, which is expressed by the formula,

[0033]

[0034] where λ represents the wavelength, T λ represents the sand and dust optical thickness at wavelength λ, I λ represents the transmitted light intensity at wavelength λ, I 0,λ represents the incident light intensity at wavelength λ.

[0035] The correction of atmospheric Rayleigh scattering optical thickness and gas absorption optical thickness includes correcting the atmospheric Rayleigh scattering optical thickness and gas absorption optical thickness based on the calculated sand and dust optical thickness and the actually measured optical thickness, which is expressed by the formula,

[0036] Tλ=T total,λ -T Rayleigh,λ -T gas,λ

[0037] where T total,λ represents the actually measured optical thickness at wavelength λ; T Rayleigh,λT is the optical thickness of the atmosphere at wavelength λ due to Rayleigh scattering. Rayleigh,λ ≈0.0088λ -4.15 ; T gas,λ T is the optical thickness of the atmosphere at wavelength λ due to Rayleigh scattering.

[0038] Further, the data processing and control module 200 is built-in threshold judgment logic, including primary threshold, intermediate threshold and high threshold, different threshold corresponds to different cleaning strategy; when the primary threshold condition is reached, the pre-warning is triggered; when the intermediate threshold condition is reached, the basic cleaning mode is started; when the high threshold condition is reached, the enhanced cleaning mode is started.

[0039] Specifically, the data processing and control module 200 communicates with the pyrheliometer through the RS485 bus, can process multiple wavelength light intensity data in parallel, the calculation period is 1 second, the module screen is used to display real-time AOD value, cleaning state curve; and supports manual setting of dust accumulation threshold, such as setting the primary pre-warning threshold to 0.3 (corresponding to dust accumulation density of about 2g / m 2 ), the intermediate cleaning threshold is set to 0.5 (corresponding to dust accumulation density of about 5g / m 2 ), and the high threshold is set to 0.8 (corresponding to dust accumulation density of about 10g / m 2 ), which can be adjusted according to the local dust characteristics.

[0040] Further, the cleaning execution module 300 includes a cleaning assembly, which includes a rotatable water spray arm, a high-frequency vibration brush and a pulse air flow nozzle.

[0041] The rotatable water spray arm is provided with at least four water spray holes, and the water spray pressure ranges from 0.3MPa to 0.8MPa.

[0042] The vibration frequency of the high-frequency vibration brush is adjusted in the range of 20Hz-50Hz.

[0043] The air flow speed of the pulse air flow nozzle ranges from 30m / s to 60m / s.

[0044] The cleaning execution module 300 includes water spray cleaning, brush cleaning and air flow blowing.

[0045] Specifically, in the embodiment, the water spray cleaning operation is executed by the rotatable water spray arm, which is structured as follows: the stainless steel rotating arm is 0.8 meters long, which can cover a photovoltaic panel of 1.6 meters wide, 4 fan-shaped water spray holes are uniformly distributed on the arm, 0.5MPa constant pressure water supply is adopted, and the water source comes from the 50m 3 Special water storage tank, equipped with water level sensor and automatic water replenishment valve.

[0046] The brush cleaning operation is performed by a high-frequency vibrating brush structure: the carbon fiber brush filament has a diameter of 0.3 mm and a length of 5 cm, is driven by a servo motor, and can realize high-frequency vibration of 30 Hz, while reciprocating at a speed of 0.1 m / s along the length direction of the photovoltaic panel.

[0047] The air flow blowing operation is performed by a pulse air flow nozzle structure: a vortex air pump outputs air pressure of 0.6 MPa, forms a 5 Hz pulse air flow through a solenoid valve, and a strip-shaped nozzle has a width of 2 mm and can generate high-speed air flow of 45 m / s.

[0048] The three cleaning operations can be operated alone or in combination, and when operated in combination, the sequence of "air flow blowing -> brush cleaning -> water spraying cleaning" is executed, and the total cleaning period is 8 minutes.

[0049] Further, the power supply module 400 includes an energy management unit for coordinating photovoltaic panel power generation and battery charging and discharging, charging the battery when the photovoltaic panel power generation is greater than the system power consumption, and supplying power from the battery when the power generation is insufficient, and a overcharge and overdischarge protection circuit is provided.

[0050] Specifically, the power supply module is composed of 10 pieces of 200W photovoltaic panels to form an independent power supply array, equipped with a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, and the energy conversion efficiency is above 98%; the system preferentially uses photovoltaic panel power supply, and the remaining power is charged to the battery; at night or in rainy weather, the battery is powered, and the capacity can support the system to work continuously for 72 hours; the power supply line uses a waterproof cable, and all electrical connection points are sealed and waterproof.

[0051] Further, the remote monitoring module 500 remotely receives AOD data and cleaning state information of the data processing and control module 200, and remotely sets the dust accumulation threshold and starts the cleaning operation.

[0052] Specifically, the remote monitoring module 500 adopts an "edge computing gateway + cloud server" architecture and includes:

[0053] Edge layer: Set up an edge computing gateway to support 4G full network access and Ethernet communication, package and encrypt local AOD data, cleaning state, and device parameters (such as water spraying pressure and brush speed), and upload to the cloud at a frequency of 15 minutes / time.

[0054] Cloud layer: The server (8-core 16G memory, 500GB SSD) runs MySQL (My Structured Query Language) database and Web application, and operation and maintenance personnel can check real-time data and historical curves through PC or mobile phone APP.

[0055] Intelligent analysis function: Establish regional dust feature model based on multi-power station AOD historical data, automatically optimize dust accumulation threshold, for example, through learning, the northwest desert area finds that when AOD=0.6, the impact of dust accumulation on power generation efficiency is more than 10%, and the system automatically adjusts the intermediate cleaning threshold from 0.5 to 0.6; At the same time, generate quarterly reports, statistics cleaning frequency, water consumption, power generation efficiency improvement rate and other indicators.

[0056] Embodiment 2, which is different from the first embodiment, is a second embodiment of the application, which comprises the following steps S1-S4:

[0057] S1: The dust optical thickness monitoring module 100 collects light intensity data in real time at a sampling frequency greater than or equal to 10Hz and calculates the AOD value.

[0058] S2: The data processing and control module 200 compares the AOD value with the preset multi-layer threshold value, and determines whether to trigger a warning or a cleaning instruction.

[0059] S3: When the AOD value reaches the intermediate threshold value, start the basic cleaning mode, the data processing and control module 200 selects any one of water spray cleaning, brush cleaning and air blowing operation as the cleaning mode, when reaching the high threshold value, start the enhanced cleaning mode, adopt two or more cleaning operation combination as the cleaning mode.

[0060] Specifically, the data processing and control module generates an AOD trend curve every 10 minutes, and executes different strategies based on the three-level threshold value:

[0061] Primary warning (AOD≥0.3): The touch screen displays a yellow warning, and sends a short message to the operator through the remote monitoring module.

[0062] Intermediate cleaning (0.5≤AOD<0.8): The system automatically starts the cleaning program, and selects the mode according to the environmental temperature:

[0063] When the temperature is greater than or equal to 0℃, select according to the dust density: 2-5g / m 2 Air blowing (3 minutes), 5-8g / m2 uses "air flow + brush" combination (5 minutes).

[0064] When the temperature is less than 0℃, disable the water spray function, only enable air blowing and brush cleaning, to avoid ice damage to the photovoltaic panel.

[0065] High-level cleaning (AOD≥0.8): Start full-mode cleaning (air flow + brush + water spray), total time 8 minutes, and send a fault prompt to the remote monitoring module.

[0066] S4: When the cleaning execution module 300 executes the cleaning operation, the cleaning time, water consumption and energy consumption parameters are recorded synchronously.

[0067] S5: After cleaning, the sand and dust optical thickness monitoring module 100 continues to monitor the change of AOD value. If the AOD value decreases by less than 30% within the preset time, it is determined that the cleaning is not complete and the secondary cleaning is automatically triggered.

[0068] Specifically, after cleaning, the system continues to monitor the AOD value for 30 minutes:

[0069] If the AOD decrease is ≥ 50%, it is determined that the cleaning is effective, and the cleaning time and energy consumption are recorded.

[0070] If the decrease is between 30% and 50%, secondary cleaning is started after 1 hour.

[0071] If the decrease is < 30%, it is determined that the dust accumulation is severe, and the system automatically switches to the advanced cleaning mode and suggests manual cleaning.

[0072] For further example, at 9:00 on a certain day, the AOD value reaches 0.55 (the intermediate threshold is 0.5), and the ambient temperature is 25°C. The system starts the combined mode of "air flow blowing for 3 minutes → brush cleaning for 2 minutes → water spraying for 3 minutes":

[0073] The pulse air flow blowing removes loose sand and dust, and the air pressure is 0.6 MPa.

[0074] The brush vibrates at a frequency of 30 Hz to clean the attached dust.

[0075] The water pressure for water spraying is 0.5 MPa, and the fan-shaped coverage covers the photovoltaic panel.

[0076] After cleaning, the AOD decreases to 0.15 (a decrease of 72.7%) in 30 minutes, the water consumption is 12 L, the energy consumption is 0.5 kWh, and the photovoltaic panel power generation efficiency is increased by 18%.

[0077] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limiting. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, and they should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on sand and dust optical thickness monitoring, characterized in that: It includes a dust optical thickness monitoring module (100), a data processing and control module (200), a cleaning execution module (300), a power supply module (400), and a remote monitoring module (500); The dust optical thickness monitoring module (100) is used to monitor the dust optical thickness (AOD) of the environment where the photovoltaic panel is located in real time. It calculates the AOD by measuring the light intensity attenuation of a specific wavelength, and at the same time corrects the atmospheric Rayleigh scattering optical thickness and the gas absorption optical thickness. The data processing and control module (200) is communicatively connected to the dust optical thickness monitoring module (100) and is used to receive AOD data and compare it with a preset dust accumulation threshold. When the AOD value is greater than or equal to the threshold, a cleaning instruction is generated. The cleaning execution module (300) is communicatively connected to the data processing and control module (200) and is used to receive cleaning instructions and perform cleaning operations; The power supply module (400) provides power to the system, using photovoltaic panels to generate electricity or batteries to power the system. The remote monitoring module (500) is communicatively connected to the data processing and control module (200) for data interaction.

2. The photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on sand and dust optical thickness monitoring as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation of AOD by measuring the light intensity attenuation at a specific wavelength includes, based on the Beer-Lambert law, and the collected incident light intensity and transmitted light intensity, the formula of which is expressed as follows: Where λ represents the wavelength, T λ I is expressed as the optical thickness of sand at wavelength λ. λ I is expressed as the transmitted light intensity at wavelength λ. 0,λ It is expressed as the incident light intensity at wavelength λ; The correction of atmospheric Rayleigh scattering optical thickness and gas absorption optical thickness includes correcting the atmospheric Rayleigh scattering optical thickness and gas absorption optical thickness based on the calculated dust optical thickness and the actual measured optical thickness, expressed by the formula: T λ =T total,λ -T Rayleigh,λ -T gas,λ Among them, T total,λ T represents the actual measured optical thickness at wavelength λ. Rayleigh,λ T is expressed as the atmospheric Rayleigh scattering optical thickness at wavelength λ. Rayleigh,λ ≈0.0088λ -4.15 ;T gas,λ It is expressed as the gas absorption optical thickness at wavelength λ.

3. The photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on sand and dust optical thickness monitoring as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The dust optical thickness monitoring module (100) includes an optical sensor array containing at least three light intensity sensors with different wavelengths, covering a wavelength range of 440nm-870nm, and simultaneously acquiring multi-wavelength light intensity data.

4. The photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on sand and dust optical thickness monitoring as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The data processing and control module (200) has built-in threshold judgment logic, including primary threshold, intermediate threshold and advanced threshold, with different thresholds corresponding to different cleaning strategies; When the primary threshold condition is reached, an early warning message is triggered. When the intermediate threshold condition is reached, the basic cleaning mode is activated; When advanced threshold conditions are met, the enhanced cleaning mode is activated.

5. The photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on sand and dust optical thickness monitoring as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The cleaning execution module (300) includes a cleaning component, which includes a rotatable spray arm, a high-frequency vibrating brush, and a pulse airflow nozzle; The rotatable water spray arm is provided with at least four water spray holes, and the water spray pressure range is 0.3MPa-0.8MPa; The vibration frequency of the high-frequency vibrating brush can be adjusted within the range of 20Hz-50Hz; The airflow velocity range of the pulse airflow nozzle is 30m / s-60m / s; The cleaning execution module (300) includes three cleaning operations: water spraying, brush cleaning, and airflow blowing.

6. The photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on sand and dust optical thickness monitoring as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The power supply module (400) includes an energy management unit, which is used to coordinate the power generation of the photovoltaic panel and the charging and discharging of the battery. When the power generation of the photovoltaic panel is greater than the power consumption of the system, the battery is charged. When the power generation is insufficient, the battery supplies power. It is also equipped with an overcharge and over-discharge protection circuit.

7. The photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on sand and dust optical thickness monitoring as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The data interaction includes the remote monitoring module (500) remotely receiving AOD data and cleaning status information from the data processing and control module (200), and remotely setting the dust accumulation threshold and starting the cleaning operation.

8. A photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning method based on sand and dust optical thickness monitoring, using the photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning system based on sand and dust optical thickness monitoring as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: This includes a dust optical thickness monitoring module (100) that collects light intensity data in real time at a sampling frequency of greater than or equal to 10 Hz and calculates the AOD value; The data processing and control module (200) compares the AOD value with the preset multi-level threshold to determine whether to trigger an early warning or cleaning command; When the AOD value reaches the intermediate threshold, the basic cleaning mode is started. The data processing and control module (200) selects any one of the water spray cleaning, brush cleaning and airflow blowing operations as the cleaning mode. When the advanced threshold is reached, the enhanced cleaning mode is started, and two or more cleaning operations are combined as the cleaning mode. When the cleaning execution module (300) performs a cleaning operation, it simultaneously records the cleaning time, water consumption, and energy consumption parameters. After cleaning is completed, the dust optical thickness monitoring module (100) continuously monitors the change of AOD value. If the AOD value decreases by less than 30% within a preset time, it is determined that the cleaning is not thorough and a second cleaning is automatically triggered.

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