Method for comprehensively removing and treating invasive plant spartina alterniflora

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for comprehensively removing and treating invasive plant spartina alterniflora, and belongs to the technical field of ecological environment engineering. Comprising the following steps: in the growth period of spartina alterniflora, spraying a herbicide to stems and leaves; after 7-10 days of chemical treatment, plowing is conducted twice in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, the plowing depth is 35-60 cm, and exposure to the sun is conducted for 5-20 days after plowing; from the flowering stage of the spartina alterniflora to the early booting stage in the next year, the regenerated plants are cut till the stubble height is smaller than or equal to 10 cm. According to the method, chemical, physical and biological means are combined, overground and underground propagules are efficiently removed, the recurrence rate is reduced, and ecological restoration and environmental protection are both considered.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of ecological environment engineering, and particularly relates to a method for comprehensive treatment of invasive plant Spartina alterniflora. BACKGROUND

[0002] Spartina alterniflora is a perennial herb, which is originally from the Atlantic coast of North America. After being introduced into China, it has rapidly spread due to its strong adaptability and reproductive capacity. It grows in large quantities in coastal beaches and other areas, occupies the living space of local species, destroys the structure and function of the wetland ecosystem, affects the tidal flow of the beach, and causes sediment deposition, which has caused serious negative impacts on the ecological environment and economic development of the coastal areas.

[0003] At present, the treatment methods for Spartina alterniflora mainly include physical control, chemical control and biological control. Physical control such as manual pulling and mechanical plowing often has the problems of time-consuming and labor-intensive, incomplete treatment, and is difficult to deal with large-area Spartina alterniflora invasion; chemical control often uses single herbicide spraying, which may easily cause the Spartina alterniflora to develop drug resistance and may pollute the surrounding ecological environment; and biological control has the problems of slow effect and unstable effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, complete and environmentally friendly comprehensive treatment method to solve the problem of Spartina alterniflora invasion. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above technical problems, the present application provides a method for comprehensive treatment of invasive plant Spartina alterniflora. The method aims to overcome the problems of incomplete treatment, low efficiency, easy drug resistance and environmental pollution in the existing treatment methods for Spartina alterniflora, and to provide a comprehensive treatment method which can effectively kill Spartina alterniflora and has little impact on the ecological environment by comprehensively using chemical and physical means.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for comprehensive treatment of invasive plant Spartina alterniflora, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) During the growth period of Spartina alterniflora, herbicide is sprayed on the stems and leaves;

[0008] (2) 7-10 days after the treatment with the herbicide, vertical and horizontal double plowing is adopted, the plowing depth is 35-60 cm, and the plowed land is exposed to the sun for 5-20 days;

[0009] (3) During the flowering period to the early booting stage of Spartina alterniflora in the next year, the regenerative plants are cut to a stubble height of ≤10 cm.

[0010] The present application can significantly reduce the recurrence rate by using the growth period herbicide attack, deep plowing and sun exposure to break the roots, and cutting to control reproduction in the next year, and can solve the problem of incomplete treatment in the traditional method.

[0011] Further, the herbicide in step (1) is prepared by mixing bispyribac-sodium, sulfonylsulfuron, tea saponin and seaweed extract in a mass ratio of (10-30):(5-15):(20-40):(3-8).

[0012] This invention selects bispyribac-sodium and sulfonylsulfuron-methyl to synergistically kill herbicides, tea saponins to enhance penetration and adhesion, and seaweed extracts to regulate physiology and reduce environmental toxicity, thereby improving efficacy while reducing ecological pollution, thus balancing high efficiency and safety.

[0013] Furthermore, the amount of herbicide sprayed in step (1) is 200-500g / mu of active ingredient.

[0014] This invention provides a flexible dosage window that can be adjusted according to weed density, ensuring thorough weed control while avoiding excessive application that could lead to residues and wasted costs.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (2), the longitudinal tillage and the transverse tillage are perpendicular, and the interval between the two tillages is no less than 7 days of sun exposure.

[0016] This invention employs cross-tillage to achieve full coverage and breakage of the root system, and intermittent sun exposure to ensure that the severed roots are fully dehydrated and inactivated, avoiding dead zones and improving the mortality rate during the tillage-sun exposure stage.

[0017] Furthermore, the tillage depth in step (2) is controlled according to the soil hardness classification: the tillage depth in soft tidal flat areas is ≥35cm; the tillage depth in medium-hard tidal flat areas is ≥45cm; and the tillage depth in hardened tidal flat areas is ≥55cm.

[0018] This invention precisely matches the actual depth of the root system, ensuring that even the deepest roots are thoroughly exposed, thus preventing "escaped roots" from causing secondary germination.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (2), after tilling, a rotary tillage operation is performed to a depth of 20-30cm to further break up the remaining roots and rhizomes.

[0020] This invention further mechanically crushes residual roots and stems, increases the surface area in contact with air / sunlight, accelerates drying and death, and provides a fine matrix for microbial decomposition, thereby improving the overall treatment efficiency.

[0021] Furthermore, the root moisture content after sun exposure in step (2) is ≤50%.

[0022] This invention sets a quantifiable drying endpoint to ensure that the root system loses its regenerative capacity, prevents "half-dead revival," and improves the reliability of the sun exposure stage.

[0023] Furthermore, after sun exposure as described in step (2), a compound microbial agent is sprayed onto the tilled soil.

[0024] This invention utilizes beneficial microorganisms to rapidly decompose residual roots and stems, improve soil microecology, inhibit the recurrence of Spartina alterniflora, and create favorable conditions for the recovery of local plants, thus combining the functions of control and ecological restoration.

[0025] Furthermore, the compound microbial agent contains Bacillus subtilis (≥1×10⁻⁶). 8 CFU / g) and Trichoderma (≥5×10) 7 The ratio of live bacteria to live bacteria (CFU / g) was 1:0.3.

[0026] This invention optimizes the synergistic ratio of microbial strains to maximize the decomposition, antibacterial, and growth-promoting effects, ensuring the dual benefits of soil improvement and continuous weed control.

[0027] Furthermore, the mowing operation described in step (3) is carried out in the second growing season after the first treatment with the pesticide. After mowing, the plant residues are collected and removed from the treated area.

[0028] This invention involves cutting the plant when nutrients are concentrated in the reproductive organs, thus blocking seed formation and dispersal; cleaning up the plant debris prevents nutrient backflow, consolidates the results of the first two steps of treatment, and achieves long-term control.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0030] 1. This invention employs a comprehensive approach of herbicide spraying, double tilling and sun exposure, and mowing the following year. This multi-pronged approach effectively kills both the above-ground parts and underground roots of Spartina alterniflora, greatly improving the thoroughness of control and reducing the possibility of recurrence.

[0031] 2. The herbicide formula contains tea saponin and seaweed extract, which not only enhances the weeding effect but also reduces environmental pollution, meeting environmental protection requirements.

[0032] 3. The tillage depth is controlled according to the soil hardness grade, which is highly targeted and can ensure that the underground parts of Spartina alterniflora under different soil conditions are fully turned out, thereby improving the treatment effect.

[0033] 4. Spraying compound microbial agents after sun exposure can decompose residual tissues and improve the soil environment, which is beneficial to the subsequent recovery and growth of local plants.

[0034] 5. The following year's mowing can effectively prevent the spread of Spartina alterniflora seeds, further consolidating the control effect. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0037] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0038] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0039] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0040] The method for integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora provided in this invention includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) Herbicide application stage: During the growth period of Spartina alterniflora, a specific herbicide formula is sprayed onto its stems and leaves.

[0042] The herbicide is formulated by mixing bispyribac-sodium, sulfonylsulfuron, tea saponin, and seaweed extract in a mass ratio of (10-30):(5-15):(20-40):(3-8). Bispyribac-sodium and sulfonylsulfuron can effectively inhibit the growth and metabolism of Spartina alterniflora, while tea saponin can enhance the adhesion and penetration of the herbicide, improve the weeding effect, and also has a certain degree of environmental friendliness. Seaweed extract can regulate the physiological functions of Spartina alterniflora and enhance the effect of the herbicide. As an example, in the following embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of bispyribac-sodium, sulfonylsulfuron, tea saponin, and seaweed extract is 10:5:20:3, 20:10:30:5, or 30:15:40:8.

[0043] The herbicide application rate is 200-500 g / mu of active ingredient. The specific dosage can be adjusted according to the growth density and condition of Spartina alterniflora. The dosage can be increased appropriately in areas with vigorous growth and high density, and decreased accordingly in areas with lower density. As an example, in the following embodiments of the present invention, the herbicide application rate is 200 g / mu, 350 g / mu, or 500 g / mu of active ingredient.

[0044] (2) Tillage and sun exposure stage: 7-10 days after the pesticide treatment (e.g., 7, 8 or 10 days), double tillage is carried out in both longitudinal and transverse directions, with a tillage depth of 35-60cm (e.g., 35cm, 45cm or 55cm). After tillage, the soil is exposed to the sun for 5-20 days (e.g., 5 days, 12 days or 20 days).

[0045] The longitudinal and transverse tillage directions should be perpendicular, and the interval between two tillages should be at least 7 days (e.g., 7, 8, or 9 days) of sun exposure. This will more thoroughly break up the roots and underground parts of Spartina alterniflora, avoid omissions, and improve the control effect.

[0046] Tillage depth is controlled according to soil hardness grades: ≥35cm for soft tidal flats; ≥45cm for medium-hard tidal flats; and ≥55cm for hardened tidal flats. Different soil hardness affects the growth depth of Spartina alterniflora roots, and graded control of tillage depth ensures that the underground parts are fully exposed.

[0047] After tilling, rotary tillage can be performed to a depth of 20-30cm to further break up any remaining roots and rhizomes, making them more susceptible to sun exposure and death. As an example, in the following embodiments of the invention, the rotary tillage depth is 20cm, 25cm, or 30cm.

[0048] The purpose of sun exposure is to use the high temperature and ultraviolet rays of sunlight to kill the roots and residual rhizomes of Spartina alterniflora. After sun exposure, the root moisture content must be ≤50%. At this time, the vitality of the root system is greatly reduced, making it difficult to regenerate and reproduce.

[0049] After sun exposure, a compound microbial agent containing Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma is sprayed onto the tilled soil at a live bacteria ratio of 1:0.3. These microorganisms can decompose the residual tissues of Spartina alterniflora, improve soil structure, and inhibit the regrowth of Spartina alterniflora.

[0050] (3) Cutting stage: During the flowering period of Spartina alterniflora to the early stage of spikelet development in the following year, cut the regenerated plants to a stubble height of ≤10cm (e.g., 5cm, 8cm or 10cm).

[0051] Cutting is carried out in the second growing season after the first chemical treatment. At this time, the nutrients of Spartina alterniflora are mainly transported to the reproductive organs. Cutting can effectively prevent it from flowering and fruiting, and reduce seed dispersal.

[0052] After mowing, collect the plant debris and remove it from the treatment area to prevent the debris from rotting in the soil and providing nutrients for the regrowth of Spartina alterniflora.

[0053] All raw materials used in this invention were purchased commercially. The bispyribac-sodium and sulfonylsulfuron were purchased from Hubei Qiniu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; tea saponin was purchased from Jinan Daorong Chemical Co., Ltd. in Jinan, Shandong; seaweed extract was purchased from Wuhan Kamik Technology Co., Ltd.; and high-efficiency fluazinam was purchased from Hubei Dibai Chemical Co., Ltd. The compound microbial agent contains Bacillus subtilis (≥1×10⁻⁶). 8 CFU / g) and Trichoderma (≥5×10) 7 CFU / g).

[0054] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] A method for the integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora (in soft tidal flats) involves the following steps:

[0057] (1) Herbicide application: During the growth period of Spartina alterniflora, prepare a herbicide with the mass ratio of bispyribac-sodium, sulfonylsulfuron, tea saponin and seaweed extract being 10:5:20:3. Dilute with water and spray on the stems and leaves at a dosage of 200g / mu of active ingredient.

[0058] (2) Tillage and sun exposure: Seven days after the pesticide treatment, longitudinal tillage was carried out first to a depth of 35cm, and transverse tillage was carried out to a depth of 35cm after an interval of 7 days. After tillage, the soil was exposed to the sun for 5 days, during which the root moisture content was monitored and reached ≤50%. After sun exposure, a compound microbial agent was sprayed on the soil, in which the ratio of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma was 1:0.3. Then, rotary tillage was carried out to a depth of 20cm.

[0059] (3) Cutting: During the flowering period of Spartina alterniflora the following year, cut the regenerated plants to a stubble height of 8cm, collect the residue and remove it from the treatment area.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] A method for the integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora (medium-hard tidal flats) includes the following steps:

[0062] (1) Spraying of herbicides: The mass ratio of bispyribac-sodium, sulfonylsulfuron, tea saponin and seaweed extract in the herbicide is 20:10:30:5. Dilute with water and spray at a dosage of 350g / mu of active ingredient.

[0063] (2) Tillage and sun exposure: Eight days after the pesticide treatment, longitudinal tillage was carried out first to a depth of 45cm, and transverse tillage was carried out to a depth of 45cm after an 8-day interval; after tillage, the soil was exposed to the sun for 12 days, during which the root moisture content was monitored and reached ≤50%; after sun exposure, a compound microbial agent was sprayed on the soil, in which the live bacteria ratio of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma was 1:0.3; then rotary tillage was carried out to a depth of 25cm.

[0064] (3) Cutting: In the early stage of spikelet development of Spartina alterniflora the following year, cut the plant and leave a stubble height of 10cm, then remove the plant residue.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] A method for the integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora, comprising the following steps:

[0067] (1) Spraying of herbicides: The mass ratio of bispyribac-sodium, sulfonylsulfuron, tea saponin and seaweed extract in the herbicide is 30:15:40:8. Dilute with water and spray at a dosage of 500g / mu of active ingredient.

[0068] (2) Tillage and sun exposure: Ten days after the pesticide treatment, longitudinal tillage was carried out first to a depth of 55cm, and then transverse tillage was carried out to a depth of 55cm after an interval of 9 days. After tillage, the soil was exposed to the sun for 20 days, during which the root moisture content was monitored and reached ≤50%. After sun exposure, a compound microbial agent was sprayed on the soil, in which the ratio of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma was 1:0.3. Then, rotary tillage was carried out to a depth of 30cm.

[0069] (3) Cutting: In the early stage of spikelet development of Spartina alterniflora the following year, cut the plant and leave a stubble height of 5cm, then remove the plant residue.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] Same as Example 3, except that steps (2)-(3) are not performed, only the drug treatment in step (1) is performed.

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] Similar to Example 3, except that steps (1) and (3) are omitted, and only step (2) of tilling and sun exposure is performed.

[0074] Comparative Example 3

[0075] Similar to Example 3, except that steps (1) and (2) are omitted, and only step (3) is performed.

[0076] Comparative Example 4

[0077] Same as Example 3, except that the herbicide in step (1) is replaced with high-efficiency fluazinam.

[0078] Comparative Example 5

[0079] Similar to Example 3, except that in step (2), after sun exposure, no compound microbial agent is sprayed onto the soil, and the soil is directly rotary tilled after sun exposure.

[0080] test:

[0081] The experimental area was the mudflats of Yueqing Bay in Wenzhou (representative area: salinity 1.8-2.5%, average annual temperature 18℃, tidal range 4-6m). The density of Spartina alterniflora was 120-150 plants / m². 2 (Mature plant height 1.5-2m). The experimental area was tested using the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5, with the area without any treatment serving as the control group. The results are shown in Tables 1-2 ("Non-target organisms" mainly refer to animals and microorganisms with migration ability or those that survive / recover rapidly during tillage).

[0082] Table 1. Effects after 90 days of treatment

[0083] Plant clearance (%) Root residue density (stems / m 2 )]]> Non-target organism survival (%) Example 1 92 5 88 Example 2 95 3 90 Example 3 98 2 92 Comparative Example 1 70 20 60 Comparative Example 2 60 30 70 Comparative Example 3 30 80 30 Comparative Example 4 65 25 50 Comparative Example 5 85 8 85 Control 0 150 20

[0084] Table 2. Ecological restoration data for the following year (native plants in Wenzhou: Suaeda salsa / Kaleidae).

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, Examples 1-3 employed a synergistic approach of "pesticide spraying + double tillage and sun exposure + rotary tillage + microbial inoculant + harvesting the following year," achieving comprehensive eradication of the above-ground parts, underground roots, and propagules of Spartina alterniflora. Therefore, the plant removal rate was high (92-98%), and root residue was minimal (2-5 roots / m²). 2 Tea saponins and seaweed extracts in herbicides reduce environmental toxicity, and when combined with microbial agents to improve soil, the survival rate of non-target organisms is high (88-92%).

[0088] Comparative Example 1 only killed the above-ground parts with herbicides, without treating the underground root system, resulting in a moderate plant removal rate (70%) and a large number of root residues (20 roots / m²). 2 The lack of tillage and microbial remediation resulted in a high recurrence rate (60%) the following year, difficulty in restoring native vegetation (10% coverage), and poor soil improvement (5% salinity reduction).

[0089] Comparative Example 2: Physical treatment could remove some roots, but without the aid of chemicals to kill deep roots, the plant removal rate was low (60%), and a large number of roots remained (30 roots / m²). 2Non-target organisms, due to the absence of chemical agents, had a slightly higher survival rate (70%), but still had a 40% recurrence rate the following year, and the coverage of native plants was only 20%.

[0090] Comparative Example 3 only removed the above-ground parts, failing to reach the roots and seeds, resulting in an extremely low plant removal rate (30%) and a large number of root residues (80 roots / m²). 2 Spartina alterniflora regenerates rapidly, with a recurrence rate as high as 90% the following year, making it almost impossible for native plants to grow (coverage of 5%).

[0091] Comparative Example 4 used highly effective flupyradifurone, but lacked the environmentally friendly regulatory effects of tea saponins and seaweed extracts, exhibiting higher toxicity and a low survival rate (50%) for non-target organisms. Its weed-control effect was inferior to the original formulation (Example 3), with a plant removal rate (65%) and root residue (25 roots / m²). 2 All of them were inferior to Example 3, and the ecological restoration indicators were poor the following year.

[0092] Comparative Example 5 followed the same steps as Example 3 except that it did not apply the compound microbial agent. Therefore, it achieved a higher plant removal rate (85%), but root decomposition was slower (8 roots / m² remaining). 2 Due to the lack of microbial soil improvement, the recurrence rate the following year (15%) was higher than in the example, while the native plant coverage (30%) and salinity reduction rate (15%) were slightly lower.

[0093] The control group of Spartina alterniflora grew naturally, with a plant removal rate of 0% and the highest root residue (150 roots / m²). 2 Non-target organisms had a low survival rate (20%) due to encroachment on their living space. The following year, the disease completely recurred, with no native plant growth and no soil improvement.

[0094] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for the integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) During the growth period of Spartina alterniflora, spray herbicides on the stems and leaves; (2) 7-10 days after the pesticide treatment, double tillage is carried out in both longitudinal and transverse directions, with a tillage depth of 35-60cm. After tillage, the soil is exposed to the sun for 5-20 days. (3) During the flowering period to the early heading stage of Spartina alterniflora in the following year, cut the regenerated plants to a stubble height of ≤10cm.

2. The method for integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, characterized in that, The herbicide described in step (1) is prepared by mixing bispyribac-sodium, sulfonylsulfuron, tea saponin and seaweed extract in a mass ratio of (10-30):(5-15):(20-40):(3-8).

3. The method for integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of herbicide to be sprayed in step (1) is 200-500g / mu of active ingredient.

4. The method for integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, characterized in that, The longitudinal tillage and transverse tillage directions described in step (2) are perpendicular, and the interval between two tillages is no less than 7 days of sun exposure.

5. The method for integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tillage depth in step (2) is controlled according to the soil hardness classification: tillage depth ≥35cm in soft tidal flat areas; tillage depth ≥45cm in medium-hard tidal flat areas; tillage depth ≥55cm in hardened tidal flat areas.

6. The method for integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, characterized in that, After tilling in step (2), perform rotary tillage to a depth of 20-30cm to further break up any remaining roots and rhizomes.

7. The method for integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root moisture content after sun exposure as described in step (2) is ≤50%.

8. The method for integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, characterized in that, After sun exposure as described in step (2), a compound microbial agent is sprayed onto the tilled soil.

9. The method for integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora according to claim 8, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent contains Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, with a live bacteria ratio of 1:0.

3.

10. The method for integrated control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mowing operation described in step (3) is carried out in the second growing season after the first pesticide treatment. After mowing, the plant residues are collected and removed from the treated area.

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