Primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted intelligent circuit breaker

Abstract

The invention discloses a primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted intelligent circuit breaker. The primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted intelligent circuit breaker comprises a fault detection module, a protection action module, a reclosing module and an information reporting module, the fault detection module collects multi-dimensional electrical quantity through a current transformer and a voltage transformer, and judges a fault and identifies the type in combination with a dynamic normal range and a duration threshold. The protection action module calculates the fault distance based on the correction impedance, judges whether to act or not by combining the current flow direction and the protection range, and selects a protection level according to the fault severity; the reclosing module dynamically sets an observation time window, distinguishes instantaneous or permanent faults through a retest verification mechanism, and adaptively adjusts a reclosing strategy; and the information reporting module uploads fault related information. According to the method, the problems of high misjudgment rate, poor protection selectivity, rigid reclosing logic and the like of a traditional circuit breaker are solved, and the accuracy, quickness and self-healing capability of power distribution network fault processing are remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the field of circuit breaker control and relates to a primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted intelligent circuit breaker. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of power distribution networks towards intelligence and automation, the protection performance and action reliability of pole-mounted circuit breakers, as key equipment of power distribution lines, directly affect the safe and stable operation of power grids. At present, power distribution network line fault types are complex and diverse, and are easily affected by factors such as transient disturbance and load fluctuation. Traditional circuit breakers mostly use single electrical quantity criterion or fixed threshold protection strategy, which has the following disadvantages:

[0003] (1) Fault judgment relies on single parameters of current or voltage, and is easily disturbed by transient disturbance, leading to misjudgment or missed judgment, and it is difficult to comprehensively cover all types of fault characteristics.

[0004] (2) The fault type recognition accuracy is low, and there is a lack of comprehensive comparison of multi-dimensional electrical quantities, which cannot accurately distinguish different faults, affecting the fault troubleshooting efficiency.

[0005] (3) The fault point positioning does not consider the influence of line temperature, aging and other factors on impedance and correction, resulting in large distance calculation error, causing protection range misjudgment, and easily causing step-out tripping.

[0006] (4) The reclosing strategy lacks a dynamic adjustment mechanism, and the observation time window is fixed, which is easy to misreclose due to the non-recovery of transient faults or permanent faults, and affects the service life of the equipment and the stability of the power grid. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the above problems, the application provides a primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted intelligent circuit breaker, which realizes the function of circuit breaker control.

[0008] The technical scheme adopted by the application to solve the technical problem is that the application provides a primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted intelligent circuit breaker, which comprises:

[0009] The fault detection module: real-time acquisition of power distribution network line current and voltage data, fault judgment based on preset line fault judgment rules, and determination of fault type according to abnormal electrical quantity characteristics after identifying the fault, and execution of the protection action module.

[0010] The protection action module: positioning of the fault point, and judgment of whether the fault point is located within the protection range of the circuit breaker in combination with the fault current flow direction, if within the protection range, selection of the corresponding current protection level according to the fault distance and severity, triggering of the protection action for tripping, otherwise, no triggering of the protection action.

[0011] Reclosing module: set the opening observation time window, monitor the line electrical parameters after opening, preliminarily judge the fault nature, if it is a transient fault, then perform the reclosing operation, and verify the judgment result according to the tripping situation after reclosing, if it is a permanent fault, then retest the line electrical parameters after the interval setting time to verify the fault nature, if it is verified as a permanent fault, then lock the reclosing, if it is verified as a misjudgment, then perform the reclosing operation.

[0012] Information reporting module: upload the fault information, opening information and reclosing information to the distribution network master station.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the one-two fusion pole-mounted intelligent circuit breaker has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. Improve the fault identification accuracy: through the comprehensive comparison of current and voltage multi-parameters, and the introduction of the continuous time threshold, the single parameter misjudgment and transient disturbance interference are avoided, and the comprehensiveness and adaptability of fault judgment are improved.

[0015] 2. Accurately identify the fault type: based on three-phase voltage, current and sequence component and other multi-dimensional electrical quantities, compared with the preset fault characteristics, the simple fault is preferentially completely matched, the matching degree of the complex fault is calculated by weighting, the misjudgment is reduced, and clear basis is provided for fault troubleshooting.

[0016] 3. Optimize the fault point positioning accuracy: combine the line temperature and aging degree to correct the unit length impedance, improve the fault distance calculation accuracy, and through the current flow direction and protection range double criteria, ensure the selectivity of protection action, and avoid the misoperation of out-of-area fault.

[0017] 4. Improve the rationality of reclosing strategy: based on historical data and reclosing delay, dynamically set the observation time window, and verify the fault nature through retesting, realize accurate reclosing of transient fault and reliable locking of permanent fault, reduce equipment damage and power outage time.

[0018] 5. Realize the grading adaptation of protection action: according to the fault distance and severity, match the optimal protection level, avoid over-leap tripping, shorten the tripping time, improve the reliability of power grid operation, and reduce the power loss. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creating any creative labor.

[0020] Figure 1 The system module connection diagram of the present application.

[0021] Figure 2 The flow chart of setting the observation time window of the application.

[0022] Figure 3 The workflow chart of the reclosing module of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0024] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the application provides a primary and secondary fusion column intelligent circuit breaker, which comprises a fault detection module, a protection action module, a reclosing module and an information reporting module.

[0025] The protection action module is connected with the fault detection module and the reclosing module, and the information reporting module is connected with the reclosing module.

[0026] The fault detection module collects power distribution network line current and voltage data in real time, judges the fault based on preset line fault determination rules, determines the fault type according to abnormal electrical quantity characteristics after identifying the fault, and executes the protection action module.

[0027] Further, the specific working process of fault judgment in the fault detection module is as follows:

[0028] The current data and voltage data of the power distribution network line are collected in real time by the current transformer and the voltage transformer, the current data includes phase current and zero sequence current, and the voltage data includes phase voltage, line voltage and zero sequence voltage.

[0029] The collected current data and voltage data are compared with the corresponding normal range stored in the database.

[0030] When any current data or voltage data exceeds its normal range, an abnormal signal is generated and the timing is started.

[0031] If the duration of the abnormal signal exceeds the preset duration threshold, it is determined that the power distribution network line has a fault.

[0032] It should be noted that current data abnormality may indicate short circuit, ground fault or load abnormality, voltage data abnormality may reflect line breakage, ground fault or system disturbance, and the combination of the two can improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of line fault identification and avoid single parameter misjudgment.

[0033] It should be noted that there are two ways to obtain the normal range of current data and voltage data, one is to statistically analyze the long-term monitoring data of the line during normal operation to determine the reasonable range, and the other is to calculate the allowable range according to the line parameters and power grid operation standards. At the same time, the normal range of current data and voltage data is dynamically adjusted, and is updated regularly in combination with the actual operating conditions such as seasonal and load changes to ensure the adaptability of the range.

[0034] It should be noted that by setting a duration threshold, the abnormal signal is required to last more than the threshold to determine a fault. Adding a time delay when judging the line fault can ensure that the fault is a persistent anomaly rather than a temporary fluctuation, thereby avoiding misjudgment caused by transient disturbances.

[0035] It should be noted that the setting of the duration threshold can be pre-set according to engineering experience, or can be optimized through a limited number of test data, such as first collecting historical data of the fault type and duration of the distribution network line, then analyzing the correlation between different fault characteristics and fault determination reliability, using statistical analysis or machine learning method to determine the reasonable duration corresponding to each fault characteristic, and finally through normalization or threshold classification processing, the analysis result is converted into a specific duration threshold and its value meets the balance requirement of protection speed and reliability.

[0036] In the present embodiment, the present application compares and contrasts multiple parameters of current and voltage, and introduces a duration threshold, thereby avoiding misjudgment of a single parameter and interference of transient disturbances, and improving the comprehensiveness and adaptability of fault judgment.

[0037] Further, the specific working process of determining the fault type in the fault detection module is as follows:

[0038] According to the current and voltage data of the line, electrical quantity data is extracted therefrom, and the electrical quantity data includes three-phase voltage, three-phase current, zero-sequence component and negative-sequence component.

[0039] The electrical quantity data is compared with the abnormal electrical quantity characteristics corresponding to each fault type, and the abnormal electrical quantity characteristics include voltage characteristics and current characteristics.

[0040] If the electrical quantity data completely matches at least one of the abnormal voltage characteristics and the abnormal current characteristics corresponding to a fault type, the line fault type is determined to be the fault type.

[0041] If there is no completely matched fault type, the number of consistent feature items of the electrical quantity data and the abnormal electrical quantity characteristics corresponding to each fault type is counted, each consistent feature item is weighted and summed according to the preset weight, and the matching degree of each fault type is obtained. The fault type with the highest matching degree is taken as the line fault type.

[0042] In one specific embodiment, the fault types include three-phase short circuit, two-phase short circuit, two-phase ground short circuit, single-phase ground short circuit and overload, and the corresponding abnormal electrical quantity characteristics are as follows: three-phase short circuit presents that three-phase voltage symmetry decreases to near zero and current symmetry increases; two-phase short circuit presents that fault phase voltage is zero, non-fault phase voltage is high, fault phase current reversely increases and is accompanied by negative sequence component; two-phase ground short circuit has the characteristics of two-phase short circuit and also appears zero sequence voltage and current components; single-phase ground short circuit shows that fault phase voltage is zero, non-fault phase voltage is increased to line voltage, and only fault phase current increases and contains zero sequence component; overload presents that three-phase voltage slightly decreases, current symmetrically increases but has no zero sequence or negative sequence component. The characteristic system quantifies the change law of electrical quantity of each fault, and provides clear criteria for fault diagnosis.

[0043] It should be noted that different fault types will cause the voltage and current of the line to present specific abnormal patterns. Therefore, the fault type can be determined according to the abnormal voltage characteristics and current characteristics.

[0044] It should be noted that the weight of each feature item in the abnormal electrical quantity characteristics can be set according to field experience, or can be obtained through statistical analysis of historical fault data. For example, first, collect case data of line fault types and their corresponding electrical quantity characteristics, then calculate the correlation coefficient between different feature items and fault types, use regression analysis or machine learning method to quantify the contribution of each feature item to fault discrimination, and finally convert the contribution into weight value through normalization processing, and ensure that the sum of all weights is 1.

[0045] It should be noted that the present application determines the fault type by comprehensive comparison of multi-dimensional electrical quantities, reduces the possibility of misjudgment of a single signal, improves the accuracy of fault diagnosis, and in the comparison process, the fault type that is completely matched is given priority, which improves the recognition efficiency of simple faults, and for complex faults, the matching degree is quantified by weighted fusion, to ensure the reliability of the result.

[0046] It should be noted that the determination of the fault type can accurately locate the problem point, shorten the troubleshooting time, reduce the impact of power failure, and at the same time, the accumulation of fault type data is beneficial to analyze the weak link of the line, and provides a basis for power grid upgrading or equipment selection.

[0047] In the present embodiment, the present application compares the multi-dimensional electrical quantities such as three-phase voltage, current and sequence components with the preset fault characteristics, gives priority to simple faults that are completely matched, and calculates the matching degree of complex faults by weighting, reduces misjudgment, and provides clear basis for fault troubleshooting.

[0048] The protection action module locates the fault point, and judges whether the fault point is located in the protection range of the circuit breaker according to the flow direction of the fault current. If the fault point is located in the protection range of the circuit breaker, the corresponding current protection level is selected according to the fault distance and the severity, and the protection action is triggered to trip, otherwise the protection action is not triggered.

[0049] Further, the specific working process of locating the fault point in the protection action module is as follows:

[0050] According to the line fault type, the corresponding impedance calculation model is extracted from the database, and the fault loop impedance is calculated combined with the electrical quantity data.

[0051] The line parameters including the conductor material, cross-sectional area and erection mode are obtained, and based on the corresponding relationship between the preset line parameters and the unit length impedance, the preliminary calibrated unit length impedance is determined.

[0052] The line temperature-impedance relationship model and the aging degree-impedance relationship model are constructed according to the historical impedance data, the current line temperature and aging degree are obtained, and the temperature correction amount and the aging correction amount of the unit length impedance are obtained by substituting the models respectively.

[0053] The preliminary calibrated unit length impedance is added with the temperature correction amount and the aging correction amount to obtain the corrected unit length impedance.

[0054] The fault distance from the fault point to the circuit breaker is calculated according to the fault loop impedance and the corrected unit length impedance, and the fault point position is determined.

[0055] It should be noted that the impedance calculation model is a mathematical model pre-established based on the line fault type. Different fault types have different impedance calculation models. In a specific embodiment, single-phase grounding short circuit adopts zero sequence impedance model, phase-to-phase short circuit adopts negative sequence impedance model, and three-phase short circuit directly uses positive sequence impedance.

[0056] It should be noted that the corresponding relationship between the line parameters and the unit length impedance is obtained through theoretical calculation combined with experimental calibration. Based on the resistivity of the conductor material, the cross-sectional area and the erection mode, the theoretical value of the unit length impedance is calculated by using the formula; in the standard environment, the mapping relationship table or the empirical formula of the parameters and the impedance is established by measuring the impedance values of the lines with different parameters; the theoretical value and the measured data are integrated into a database or a fitting curve for quick matching in actual application.

[0057] It should be noted that the method of constructing the line temperature-impedance relationship model is as follows: according to the line temperature and the corresponding impedance value recorded in the historical operation, the non-linear change of resistance with temperature rise is obtained by using linear regression or curve fitting method, and the model with line temperature as input and impedance as output is constructed.

[0058] It should be noted that the method for constructing the aging degree-impedance relationship model is: according to historical long-term monitoring data or laboratory accelerated aging test data, the correlation between aging degree and impedance is fitted by linear regression or curve fitting, and a model with aging degree as input and impedance as output is constructed.

[0059] It should be noted that the fault distance is calculated by dividing the fault loop impedance by the modified unit length impedance.

[0060] It should be noted that the calculated fault distance is less than or equal to the full length of the circuit breaker to the end of the line, that is, the fault point is within the range of the circuit breaker line, and the calculated fault distance is the distance from the fault point to the circuit breaker.

[0061] In this embodiment, the unit length impedance is corrected in combination with the line temperature and the aging degree, the accuracy of fault distance calculation is improved, and the selectivity of protection action is ensured by the current flow direction and protection range dual criteria, thereby avoiding misoperation of external faults.

[0062] Further, the specific working process of determining whether the fault point is located within the protection range of the circuit breaker in the protection action module is:

[0063] The current flow direction of the fault point is detected by the directional element.

[0064] The protection range length of the circuit breaker stored in the database is obtained.

[0065] It is determined whether the fault point meets the following conditions:

[0066] (1) The current flow direction of the fault point is consistent with the direction from the power supply side of the circuit breaker to the load side.

[0067] (2) The distance from the fault point to the circuit breaker is less than or equal to the protection range length of the circuit breaker.

[0068] If conditions (1) and (2) are met at the same time, it is determined that the fault point is located within the protection range of the circuit breaker, otherwise, it is determined that the fault point is outside the protection range of the circuit breaker.

[0069] In one specific embodiment, the current flow direction of the fault point is detected by the power directional circuit breaker.

[0070] It should be noted that the current flow direction of the fault point is the same as the direction from the power supply side of the circuit breaker to the load side, that is, the fault point is downstream of the circuit breaker.

[0071] It should be noted that if the fault point is outside the protection range of the circuit breaker, the adjacent circuit breaker acts.

[0072] It should be noted that the application detects whether the fault current is consistent with the preset direction through the direction element, and makes a double determination in combination with whether the fault point distance is within the setting range of the circuit breaker. Only when both conditions are met, it is determined as an internal fault and the protection action is triggered, otherwise it is considered as an external fault and no action is taken. This judgment logic effectively avoids the limitations of single criterion, ensuring the accuracy of protection action.

[0073] It should be noted that the application combines the double criteria of current direction and fault distance, which can significantly improve the selectivity of protection, reduce the risk of misoperation, and is especially suitable for complex working conditions such as double-ended power supply system or high-resistance grounding. At the same time, the method has strong compatibility and can adapt to various types such as directional overcurrent and distance protection, which optimizes the setting accuracy of the protection range while improving the reliability.

[0074] Further, the specific working process of selecting the current protection level in the protection action module is:

[0075] Obtain line current data and voltage data, identify data items exceeding the normal range, and calculate the amount of each data item exceeding the range as the over-limit amount, and determine the maximum over-limit amount as the electrical quantity over-limit amount of the fault.

[0076] According to the fault type and the electrical quantity over-limit amount of the fault, in combination with a preset fault severity evaluation rule, the severity of the fault is determined, wherein the evaluation rule is a quantitative mapping relationship between the fault type, the electrical quantity over-limit amount range and the severity.

[0077] Based on the fault distance and the severity of the fault, the fault distance and severity matching conditions corresponding to each current protection level stored in the database are queried, and the target current protection level is selected.

[0078] In one specific embodiment, the current protection level includes instantaneous protection, time-limited instantaneous protection and overcurrent protection. Among them, the instantaneous protection is for near severe faults, the time-limited instantaneous protection is for medium distance faults, and the overcurrent protection is for far away light faults.

[0079] It should be noted that the application dynamically determines the severity according to the electrical quantity over-limit amount and the fault type, so that the sensitivity of the protection action matches the actual danger of the fault.

[0080] It should be noted that the application combines the fault distance and the severity of the fault, so that the system can select the most matched current protection level, ensuring that the protection device preferentially removes the nearest fault point when a fault occurs, avoiding step-out tripping, and improving the reliability of power grid operation.

[0081] In this embodiment, the application matches the optimal protection level according to the fault distance and severity, avoids step-out tripping, shortens the removal time, improves the reliability of power grid operation, and reduces power loss.

[0082] The reclosing module sets an observation time window after opening, monitors the line electrical parameters after opening, preliminarily judges the fault nature, if it is a transient fault, executes the reclosing operation, and verifies the judgment result according to the trip situation after reclosing, if it is a permanent fault, re-measures the line electrical parameters after the interval setting time to verify the fault nature, if it is verified as a permanent fault, locks the reclosing, if it is verified as a misjudgment, executes the reclosing operation.

[0083] Further, referring to Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the setting process of the observation time window in the reclosing module is:

[0084] Based on the historical fault data, the distribution of the duration of transient fault, the arc extinction duration and the voltage recovery duration are counted, and the mode is calculated respectively, which is recorded as the reference duration, the reference arc extinction duration and the reference voltage recovery duration.

[0085] The reference duration, the reference arc extinction duration and the reference voltage recovery duration are compared, and the maximum value is taken as the expected duration of the observation time window.

[0086] The expected duration of the observation time window is compared with the pre-stored reclosing delay in the database, and the smaller value of the two is taken as the final duration of the observation time window.

[0087] Taking the opening time as the starting point, the final duration of the observation time window is combined to determine the closing time of the observation time window.

[0088] It should be noted that the observation time window is longer than the transient fault recovery duration to improve the reliability of fault nature judgment, and at the same time, the observation time window is shorter than the reclosing time to avoid that the window is too long to cause the judgment not to be completed before reclosing.

[0089] Further, referring to Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the specific working process of the reclosing module for preliminarily judging the fault nature is: after the observation time window is closed, the line electrical parameters after opening are monitored, if the line current after opening drops to zero and the voltage recovers to the normal operating value, it is determined as a transient fault, otherwise, it is determined as a permanent fault.

[0090] Further, the processing process of the reclosing module for transient fault is:

[0091] When the fault is determined as a transient fault, the reclosing operation is executed.

[0092] The trip situation after reclosing is monitored.

[0093] If no trip occurs, it is confirmed that the fault nature judgment is correct.

[0094] If tripping occurs, the fault nature is determined as permanent fault, the fault determination result is updated, and the reclosing is blocked.

[0095] It should be noted that, after initially determining as transient fault and performing reclosing, the determination result is verified by continuously monitoring the tripping condition, which can improve reliability and adaptive error correction. If tripping does not occur after reclosing, it is directly confirmed that the fault has been eliminated, avoiding unnecessary blocking; if tripping occurs, it is corrected as permanent fault, preventing damage to equipment caused by multiple false reclosing; and the initial determination error is dynamically corrected, which can ensure that the fault handling strategy matches the actual working condition and improve the fault tolerance capability of the system.

[0096] Further, the processing process for permanent fault in the reclosing module is:

[0097] When the fault is determined as permanent fault, the line electrical parameters are re-measured after a set time interval.

[0098] If the re-measured result is consistent with the initial determination, it is confirmed that the fault is permanent and the reclosing is blocked.

[0099] If the re-measured result is inconsistent with the initial determination and meets the characteristics of transient fault, the fault is determined as transient fault and the reclosing operation is performed.

[0100] It should be noted that, after initially determining as permanent fault, the electrical parameters are re-measured after a set time interval to verify the determination result, which can prevent misjudgment blocking, improve fault tolerance, and balance safety and power supply continuity. By delaying the re-measurement to exclude the transient disturbance of transient fault, the reclosing function is prevented from being incorrectly blocked due to initial misjudgment; at the same time, if the re-measured parameters return to the normal range, the determination can be automatically corrected and the reclosing can be performed, reducing the need for manual intervention; and the delayed re-measurement ensures accurate blocking of permanent fault and provides an opportunity for line self-recovery, optimizing the robustness of the fault handling strategy.

[0101] The information reporting module uploads the fault information, opening information and reclosing information to the power distribution network master station.

[0102] In the present embodiment, the present application dynamically sets an observation time window based on historical data and reclosing delay, and verifies the fault nature by re-measurement, which realizes accurate reclosing of transient fault and reliable blocking of permanent fault, reduces equipment damage and power outage time.

[0103] The above embodiments can be realized wholly or partially by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination. When realized by software, the above embodiments can be realized in the form of a computer program product, wholly or partially.

[0104] Those skilled in the art can understand that the modules and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be realized in electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are realized in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to realize the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present application.

[0105] In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated in one processing module, or each module can exist physically alone, or two or more modules can be integrated in one module.

[0106] The above is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

[0107] Finally, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A primary and secondary fused circuit breaker on pole, characterized by, Comprise: Fault detection module: real-time acquisition of power distribution network line current and voltage data, based on the preset line fault judgment rule for fault judgment, and according to the abnormal electrical quantity characteristics after identifying the fault, determine the fault type, execute protection action module; Protection action module: positioning of fault point, and combining the fault current flow direction to judge whether the fault point is located in the protection range of circuit breaker, if in the protection range, according to the fault distance and severity, select the corresponding current protection level, trigger protection action to open, otherwise do not trigger protection action; Reclosing module: set the opening time window after opening, monitor the line electrical parameters after opening, preliminary judge the fault nature, if it is transient fault, then execute reclosing operation, and verify the judgment result according to the trip situation after reclosing, if it is permanent fault, then retest the line electrical parameters after interval setting time to verify the fault nature, if it is verified as permanent fault, then lock the reclosing, if it is verified as misjudgment, then execute reclosing operation; Information reporting module: upload the fault information, opening information and reclosing information to the power distribution network master station.

2. The on-line fused column intelligent circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific working process of fault judgment in the fault detection module is: Real-time acquisition of current data and voltage data of power distribution network line through current transformer and voltage transformer, the current data includes phase current and zero sequence current, the voltage data includes phase voltage, line voltage and zero sequence voltage; Compare the collected current data and voltage data with the corresponding normal range stored in the database; When any current data or voltage data exceeds its normal range, generate an abnormal signal and start timing; If the duration of the abnormal signal exceeds the preset duration threshold, it is determined that the power distribution network line has a fault.

3. The on-line fused column intelligent circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific working process of determining fault type in the fault detection module is: According to the current and voltage data of the line, extract electrical quantity data from it, the electrical quantity data includes three-phase voltage, three-phase current, zero sequence component and negative sequence component; Compare the electrical quantity data with the abnormal electrical quantity characteristics corresponding to each fault type, the abnormal electrical quantity characteristics include voltage characteristics and current characteristics; If the electrical quantity data completely match at least one type of characteristics of the abnormal voltage characteristics and abnormal current characteristics corresponding to a fault type, the line fault type is determined to be the fault type; If there is no completely matched fault type, count the number of consistent feature items of the electrical quantity data and the abnormal electrical quantity characteristics corresponding to each fault type, weight each consistent feature item according to the preset weight, and get the matching degree of each fault type, the fault type with the highest matching degree is taken as the line fault type.

4. The on-line fused column intelligent circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific working process of fault point positioning in the protection action module is: According to the line fault type, extract the corresponding impedance calculation model from the database, and calculate the fault loop impedance based on the electrical quantity data; Get the line parameters, including conductor material, cross-sectional area and erection mode, based on the preset corresponding relationship between line parameters and unit length impedance, determine the preliminary calibrated unit length impedance; According to historical impedance data, a line temperature-impedance relationship model and an aging degree-impedance relationship model are constructed, the current line temperature and aging degree are obtained, and the temperature correction amount and the aging correction amount of the unit length impedance are obtained by substituting the current line temperature and aging degree into the models, respectively; The preliminary calibrated unit length impedance is accumulated with the temperature correction amount and the aging correction amount to obtain the corrected unit length impedance; The distance from the fault point to the circuit breaker is calculated according to the fault loop impedance and the corrected unit length impedance to determine the fault point position.

5. The on-line fused column intelligent circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific working process of determining whether the fault point is located in the protection range of the circuit breaker in the protection action module is as follows: The current flow direction of the fault point is detected through the directional element; The protection range length of the circuit breaker stored in the database is obtained; It is determined whether the fault point meets the following conditions: (1) The current flow direction of the fault point is consistent with the direction from the power supply side of the circuit breaker to the load side; (2) The distance from the fault point to the circuit breaker is less than or equal to the protection range length of the circuit breaker; If conditions (1) and (2) are met at the same time, it is determined that the fault point is located in the protection range of the circuit breaker, otherwise, it is determined that the fault point is out of the protection range of the circuit breaker.

6. The on-line fused column intelligent circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific working process of selecting the current protection level in the protection action module is as follows: Obtain the line current data and voltage data, identify the data items that exceed the normal range, and calculate the amount of each data item exceeding the range as the over-limit amount, and determine the maximum over-limit amount as the electrical quantity over-limit amount of the fault; According to the fault type and the electrical quantity over-limit amount of the fault, the fault severity is determined by combining the pre-set fault severity evaluation rule, wherein the evaluation rule is a quantitative mapping relationship between the fault type, the electrical quantity over-limit amount range and the severity; Based on the fault distance and the fault severity, the fault distance and severity matching conditions corresponding to each current protection level stored in the database are queried to obtain the target current protection level.

7. The on-line fused column intelligent circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The setting process of the observation time window in the reclosing module is as follows: Based on historical fault data, the distribution of the duration of transient faults, the arc extinction duration and the voltage recovery duration is counted, and the mode of each is calculated, which is recorded as the reference duration, the reference arc extinction duration and the reference voltage recovery duration; The reference duration, the reference arc extinction duration and the reference voltage recovery duration are compared, and the maximum value is taken as the expected length of the observation time window; The expected length of the observation time window is compared with the pre-stored reclosing delay in the database, and the smaller value is taken as the final length of the observation time window; The closing time of the observation time window is determined based on the final length of the observation time window and the opening time.

8. The on-line fused column intelligent circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific working process of the reclosing module for preliminary judgment of the fault property is as follows: After the observation time window is closed, the line electrical parameters after opening are monitored, if the line current after opening drops to zero and the voltage recovers to the normal operating value, it is determined as a transient fault, otherwise, it is determined as a permanent fault.

9. The on-line fused column intelligent circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing process of the reclosing module for transient faults is as follows: When it is determined that the fault is a transient fault, the reclosing operation is performed; The tripping situation after reclosing is monitored; If no trip occurs, it is confirmed that the fault nature judgment is correct; If trip occurs, it is determined that the fault nature is permanent fault, the fault judgment result is updated, and the reclosing is blocked.

10. The on-line fused column intelligent circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing procedure for permanent fault in the reclosing module is: When it is determined that the fault is permanent fault, the line electrical parameters are re-measured after a time interval is set; If the re-measured result is consistent with the initial judgment, it is confirmed that the fault is permanent fault and the reclosing is blocked; If the re-measured result is not consistent with the initial judgment and meets the characteristics of transient fault, it is determined that the fault is transient fault and the reclosing operation is performed.

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