Lightning resistance level calculation method, system, medium and equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a lightning resistance level calculation method and system based on multi-factor coupling three-dimensional tower simulation, a medium and equipment. In the method, according to the actual size, the structural form, the material attribute and the grounding body connection mode of a power transmission line tower, soil resistivity data obtained through field geological survey are combined; constructing a three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model comprising a tower structure and a multi-layer soil structure; inputting impact grounding resistance data actually measured on site into the three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model; setting a lightning current source with adjustable amplitudes and waveforms in the three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model, simulating lightning current impacts with different amplitudes and waveforms to act on the transmission line tower, and performing electromagnetic field simulation calculation by using CDEGS simulation software to obtain a tower voltage peak value and a grounding current peak value under the action of the lightning current; and calculating the lightning-resistant level of the power transmission line tower according to a lightning-resistant level formula, and adjusting the size, the material or the burial depth of the grounding body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lightning protection technology for power systems, and in particular to a method, system, medium, and equipment for calculating lightning resistance level based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation. Background Technology

[0002] The lightning withstand level of transmission lines is a key indicator for measuring the line's ability to resist lightning strikes, and its calculation depends on the accuracy of the impulse grounding resistance. Traditional methods have the following drawbacks: large deviations in grounding resistance estimation; uneven soil stratification and complex grounding electrode structures make it difficult for field tests to fully reflect the actual operating conditions; optimization lacks closed-loop verification, and repeated field tests are required after parameter adjustments, resulting in long cycles and high costs.

[0003] The information disclosed in the background section is only for enhancing the understanding of the background of this invention, and therefore may contain information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method, system, medium, and equipment for calculating lightning resistance level based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation. A tower-soil coupling model is established using CDEGS software, and parameters are iteratively optimized by combining measured data to achieve a precise improvement in lightning resistance level.

[0005] A method for calculating lightning resistance level based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation includes:

[0006] S1. Based on the actual size, structural form, material properties and grounding electrode connection method of the transmission line tower, and combined with the soil resistivity data obtained from the on-site geological survey, construct a three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model that includes the tower structure and multi-layer soil structure.

[0007] S2. Input the measured impulse grounding resistance data into the three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model, and adjust the soil layering parameters or grounding electrode connection method until the error between the simulated impulse grounding resistance value and the measured value is ≤5%;

[0008] S3. In the three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model, set up a lightning current source with adjustable amplitude and waveform to simulate the impact of lightning current with different amplitude and waveform on the transmission line tower. Use CDEGS simulation software to perform electromagnetic field simulation calculations to obtain the peak tower voltage and peak ground current under the action of lightning current.

[0009] S4. Based on the simulation results, plot the curves of impulse grounding resistance versus time, lightning current amplitude, and soil resistivity. Calculate the lightning withstand level of the transmission line towers according to the lightning withstand level formula.

[0010] (1)

[0011] Calculate lightning resistance level ,in This is 50% of the flashover voltage of the insulator string. The diversion coefficient is... This is the coupling coefficient between the conductor and the ground wire. To reduce the grounding resistance, The average height of the conductor. The average height of the ground wire. For tower inductance, The time of the lightning current wavefront. For the tower height, The height of the crossarm above the ground. This is the geometric coupling coefficient between the conductor and the ground wire;

[0012] S5, if lightning resistance level <threshold If necessary, adjust the grounding electrode size, material, or burial depth and input the 3D tower-soil coupling model, then repeat steps S3-S4 until the lightning resistance level is reached. ≥ .

[0013] In the lightning resistance level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation, the three-dimensional tower-soil coupled model includes a multi-layer soil structure in which the soil is divided into at least 3 layers, the resistivity of each layer is in the range of 10-3000Ω·m and the resistivity difference between adjacent layers is ≥30%.

[0014] In the lightning withstand level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation, the lightning current amplitude of the adjustable lightning current source is 10-150kA, and the waveform includes 8 / 20μs standard lightning wave and steep wavefront operating wave.

[0015] In the lightning resistance level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation, adjusting the grounding electrode material includes changing the grounding electrode material to a material that facilitates current dissipation to reduce the impulse grounding resistance; adjusting the burial depth of the grounding electrode includes extending the grounding grid and using drainage materials to reduce the impulse grounding resistance.

[0016] In the aforementioned method for calculating lightning withstand level based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation, the current shunt coefficient K is obtained by simulating the current distribution ratio of each conductor in the tower using CDEGS software. Calculation, where For ground current, This represents the total lightning current.

[0017] The lightning withstand level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation also includes plotting the relationship curves between impulse grounding resistance, soil resistivity, and lightning current amplitude before and after optimization, and plotting the lightning withstand level as a function of lightning current amplitude; comparing and analyzing the performance changes before and after optimization to verify the optimization effect.

[0018] In the aforementioned method for calculating lightning resistance level based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation, the threshold... ≥150kA.

[0019] A system for implementing the method includes:

[0020] CDEGS Simulation Module: Used to perform steps S1-S3 for modeling, calibration, and calculation;

[0021] The lightning withstand level analysis module calculates the lightning withstand level of transmission line towers based on the lightning withstand level formula.

[0022] Parameter optimization decision module: Comparing lightning resistance levels <threshold To adjust the size, material, or burial depth of the grounding electrode.

[0023] A computer storage medium including computer instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method.

[0024] An electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0025] Memory, processor, and computer programs stored in memory and executable on the processor, wherein,

[0026] The processor implements the method when executing the program.

[0027] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: This invention utilizes parameter optimization iteration. After calculating the lightning withstand level, if the result does not meet the threshold, the grounding electrode size, material, or burial depth is adjusted, and the simulation calculation is re-executed until the design requirements are met. This iterative optimization method achieves precise improvement in the lightning withstand level, reduces the number of on-site tests and adjustments, and lowers costs and time. Multi-waveform lightning current simulation: An adjustable lightning current source with adjustable amplitude and waveform is applied to the model, covering lightning current amplitudes of 10-150kA. The waveforms include 8 / 20μs standard lightning waves and steep-front operating waves. This setting method can more comprehensively simulate actual lightning currents. The system improves the accuracy and reliability of lightning withstand level calculations by analyzing electrical conditions; it employs multi-factor influence analysis, quantifying the impact weights of factors such as grounding electrode size, burial depth, soil stratification, and lightning conductor erection height on lightning withstand level through simulation analysis. This analytical approach helps to deeply understand the mechanism by which each factor affects lightning withstand level, providing strong theoretical support for lightning protection design optimization; and it utilizes a closed-loop verification mechanism, which verifies the optimization effect by plotting the curves of impulse grounding resistance versus soil resistivity and the curves of lightning withstand level versus lightning current amplitude before and after optimization. This closed-loop verification mechanism ensures the effectiveness and reliability of parameter optimization and lightning withstand level improvement. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings.

[0029] In the attached diagram:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the relationship between impulse grounding resistance under different soil resistivities according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the relationship between different lightning currents and impulse grounding resistance according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the relationship between lightning resistance levels under different soil resistivity and different lightning currents according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the tower structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pole grounding body structure of the present invention.

[0036] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0038] It should be noted that certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art will understand that different terms may be used to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in terminology, but rather on differences in function. The terms "comprising" or "including" used throughout the specification and claims are open-ended and should be interpreted as "comprising but not limited to." The following descriptions are preferred embodiments for carrying out the invention; however, these descriptions are for the purpose of understanding the general principles of the specification and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of protection of this invention is determined by the appended claims.

[0039] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, further explanations and descriptions will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the invented method for calculating lightning resistance level based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. Based on the actual dimensions, structural form, material properties, and grounding electrode connection method of the transmission line towers, and combined with soil resistivity data obtained from on-site geological surveys, a three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model is constructed, including the tower structure and multiple soil layers; the tower structure is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the extension structure of the tower grounding electrode is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, grounding electrode connection methods include: vertical grounding electrodes (such as angle steel or steel pipe) are driven into the ground at a relatively deep location (usually ≥2.5 meters) to reduce grounding resistance by utilizing the lower resistivity of deep soil; horizontal grounding electrodes (such as flat steel or round steel) are laid around the tower foundation and connected to the tower through down conductors to form a ring or radial grounding network; and a combination of multiple connection methods, such as a combination of deeply buried vertical grounding electrodes and horizontally extended grounding electrodes.

[0042] S2. Input the measured impulse grounding resistance data into the three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model, and adjust the soil layering parameters or grounding electrode connection method until the error between the simulated impulse grounding resistance value and the measured value is ≤5%; the layering parameters include the number of layers, the thickness of each layer, and the soil resistivity of each layer.

[0043] Table 1. Simulation calculations of impulse grounding resistance values

[0044]

[0045] S3. In the three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model, set up a lightning current source with adjustable amplitude and waveform to simulate the impact of lightning current with different amplitude and waveform on the transmission line tower. Use CDEGS simulation software to perform electromagnetic field simulation calculations to obtain the peak tower voltage and peak ground current under the action of lightning current.

[0046] S4. Based on the simulation results, plot the curves of impulse grounding resistance versus time, lightning current amplitude, and soil resistivity. Calculate the lightning withstand level of the transmission line towers according to the lightning withstand level formula.

[0047] (1)

[0048] Calculate lightning resistance level ,in This is 50% of the flashover voltage of the insulator string. The diversion coefficient is... This is the coupling coefficient between the conductor and the ground wire. To reduce the grounding resistance, The average height of the conductor. The average height of the ground wire. For tower inductance, The time of the lightning current wavefront. For the tower height, The height of the crossarm above the ground. This is the geometric coupling coefficient between the conductor and the ground wire;

[0049] S5, if lightning resistance level <threshold If necessary, adjust the grounding electrode size, material, or burial depth and input the 3D tower-soil coupling model, then repeat steps S3-S4 until the lightning resistance level is reached. ≥ .

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of the lightning resistance level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation, the three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model includes a multi-layer soil structure in which the soil is divided into at least 3 layers, each layer having a resistivity range of 10-3000 Ω·m and a resistivity difference of ≥30% between adjacent layers.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the lightning resistance level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation, the lightning current source with adjustable amplitude and waveform has a lightning current amplitude of 10-150kA and a waveform including an 8 / 20μs standard lightning wave and a steep-front operating wave.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the lightning resistance level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation, adjusting the grounding electrode material includes changing the grounding electrode material to a material that facilitates current dissipation to reduce the impulse grounding resistance; adjusting the burial depth of the grounding electrode includes extending the grounding grid and using drainage materials to reduce the impulse grounding resistance.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the lightning withstand level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation, the current shunting coefficient K is obtained by simulation using CDEGS software to obtain the current distribution ratio of each conductor in the tower, according to... Calculation, where For ground current, This represents the total lightning current.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the lightning withstand level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation, the method further includes plotting the relationship curves between the impulse grounding resistance and soil resistivity and the lightning current amplitude before and after optimization, and plotting the lightning withstand level as a function of the lightning current amplitude; comparing and analyzing the performance changes before and after optimization to verify the optimization effect.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the lightning resistance level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation, the threshold value is... ≥150kA.

[0056] A system for implementing the method includes:

[0057] CDEGS Simulation Module: Used to perform steps S1-S3 for modeling, calibration, and calculation;

[0058] The lightning withstand level analysis module calculates the lightning withstand level of transmission line towers based on the lightning withstand level formula.

[0059] Parameter optimization decision module: Comparing lightning resistance levels <threshold To adjust the size, material, or burial depth of the grounding electrode.

[0060] A computer storage medium including computer instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method.

[0061] An electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0062] Memory, processor, and computer programs stored in memory and executable on the processor, wherein,

[0063] The processor implements the method when executing the program.

[0064] In one embodiment, CDEGS software is used to create an accurate three-dimensional model of the 220kV transmission line tower based on its actual dimensions, material properties, and installation conditions. Considering the spatial distribution characteristics of soil resistivity, the soil model is divided into multiple layers, each with a different resistivity value, to more accurately simulate actual geological conditions.

[0065] A lightning current source is set up in the model to simulate the effect of lightning strikes on the tower. The amplitude, waveform, and duration of the lightning current are adjusted to cover various lightning situations that may be encountered in actual operation.

[0066] Simulation calculations were performed using CDEGS software to obtain the grounding current distribution, potential distribution, and impulse grounding resistance values ​​of the tower under different lightning impulses. The simulation results were analyzed to identify key factors affecting impulse grounding resistance, such as soil resistivity, grounding electrode material, and burial depth.

[0067] Based on the simulation results, curves showing the variation of impulse grounding resistance with time, lightning current amplitude, and other parameters were plotted. The variation patterns were analyzed to determine the stable value or range of variation of the impulse grounding resistance under different operating conditions. The impulse grounding resistance is defined as the ratio of the peak value of the tower voltage or ground wire voltage to the peak value of the tower current, i.e.:

[0068] (2)

[0069] In the formula: To reduce the grounding resistance, This represents the peak value of the tower voltage or ground wire voltage. This represents the peak value of the tower current or tower current.

[0070] Define lightning resistance level: in The insulator string is subjected to 50% flashover voltage; quantitative analysis of the impact of grounding electrode size, burial depth, soil stratification, and lightning protection wire erection height on... The influence weights are determined. The optimization effect is verified through simulation, and iterative optimization is performed as necessary until the design requirements are met.

[0071] Lightning resistance level calculation and influencing factor analysis: Based on simulation data, the calculation formula can be further optimized to obtain the following results:

[0072] (3)

[0073] In the formula, A is the calculation formula for the lightning resistance level of a typical 220kV cat-head tower, and A is the tower coefficient. When the tower is a cat-head tower, the tower coefficient A = 1. The diversion coefficient is... The impulse grounding resistance, shunt coefficient, and impulse grounding resistance can be easily obtained through simulation models; quantitative analysis of the effects of grounding electrode size, burial depth, soil stratification, and lightning protection wire erection height on... The influence weight.

[0074] In one embodiment, actual design drawings of 220kV transmission line towers are collected to obtain the tower's precise dimensions, structural form, and material properties of each component (such as the resistivity and permeability of steel). On-site geological surveys are conducted to obtain soil resistivity data for the area where the tower's grounding electrode is buried. The soil is divided into at least three layers according to depth, and the soil resistivity value, thickness, and extent of each layer are recorded.

[0075] Open the CDEGS software and select the appropriate module to begin creating a 3D model. Based on the tower design drawings, draw each component of the tower sequentially in the software, such as the tower legs, tower body, and crossarms. Set the dimensions, shape, and material properties of each component to ensure consistency with the actual tower. For grounding electrodes, accurately arrange their positions, shapes (e.g., horizontal and vertical grounding electrodes) and dimensions in the software according to design requirements. Input the soil layer information into the software, set the corresponding resistivity value for each soil layer, and construct a 3D coupled model including the tower and soil.

[0076] The measured impulse grounding resistance data from the field are input into the constructed 3D tower-soil coupling model. Soil layer parameters are adjusted in the software, such as appropriately modifying the resistivity or thickness of a soil layer, or adjusting the connection method of the grounding electrode. After each parameter adjustment, the simulation calculation is rerun to obtain the simulated impulse grounding resistance value. The simulated value is compared with the measured value to calculate the error. This process of adjusting parameters and performing simulation calculations is repeated until the error between the simulated impulse grounding resistance value and the measured value is ≤5%, completing the model calibration.

[0077] In the calibrated 3D model, a lightning current source is set up. Based on actual lightning conditions, a range of 10-150kA lightning current amplitude is selected, and different lightning current amplitudes are set for simulation. Various lightning current waveforms are selected, including 8 / 20μs standard lightning waves and steep-front operating waves, to comprehensively simulate the impact of actual lightning on towers.

[0078] The simulation software was run to calculate the model with the lightning current source set up. The software simulated the electromagnetic field distribution and current flow when lightning current acted on the tower. The peak tower voltage and peak ground current data were extracted from the simulation results. The impulse grounding resistance values ​​under different lightning current amplitudes and waveforms were calculated according to the calculation formula.

[0079] Calculating the current diversion factor requires considering factors such as the installation method of the lightning protection wire, the tower structure, and the line parameters. It can be obtained through theoretical calculation formulas or by referring to relevant empirical data. Substituting the determined parameters into the formula yields the lightning resistance level of the tower.

[0080] The following factors were varied: grounding electrode dimensions (e.g., increasing or decreasing the length and width of the horizontal grounding electrode), burial depth (increasing or decreasing the burial depth of the grounding electrode), soil stratification parameters (adjusting the resistivity value of a certain soil layer), and lightning protection wire erection height. After each change of a factor, lightning current simulation, impulse grounding resistance calculation, and lightning withstand level calculation were performed again. The changes in lightning withstand level under different factor variations were recorded.

[0081] Data analysis methods are used to quantify and assess the weight of each factor's influence on lightning resistance level. For example, sensitivity analysis can be used to calculate the rate of change in lightning resistance level when each factor changes by a certain percentage, thereby determining the magnitude of each factor's influence on lightning resistance level.

[0082] Based on the set lightning withstand level threshold (e.g., meeting relevant industry standards or actual engineering requirements), determine whether the currently calculated lightning withstand level meets the requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, then based on the results of the multi-factor influence analysis, select factors that significantly improve the lightning withstand level for adjustment and optimization. For example, if the analysis finds that increasing the size of the grounding electrode has a significant effect on improving the lightning withstand level, then appropriately increase the size of the grounding electrode. After adjusting the parameters, re-execute the entire process from 3D model simulation to lightning withstand level calculation until the lightning withstand level meets the design requirements.

[0083] After parameter optimization, the curves of impulse grounding resistance versus soil resistivity before and after optimization were plotted. Soil resistivity was plotted on the x-axis and impulse grounding resistance on the y-axis, and multiple sets of data before and after optimization were plotted on the same chart for a direct comparison of the optimization effect.

[0084] Simultaneously, curves were plotted showing the change in lightning withstand level as a function of lightning current amplitude. With lightning current amplitude on the x-axis and lightning withstand level on the y-axis, the changes in lightning withstand level before and after optimization under different lightning current amplitudes were displayed. Analysis of these curves verified whether parameter optimization effectively improved the lightning withstand performance of the towers, ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the entire method.

[0085] Furthermore, this invention establishes a three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model (CDEGS software) to accurately simulate the electromagnetic response of the tower structure and grounding system under lightning strikes. This solves the problem that traditional two-dimensional or simplified models cannot accurately reflect complex structures and soil inhomogeneity, improving simulation accuracy and more realistically reflecting actual geological conditions. It also addresses the issue of large deviations in grounding resistance estimation due to uneven spatial distribution of soil resistivity, enhancing the realism of grounding system modeling. An adjustable lightning current source (amplitude 10-150kA, waveform including 8 / 20μs standard lightning wave and steep-front operating wave) simulates various lightning impact conditions, improving the simulation's coverage of actual lightning environments and enhancing the applicability and reliability of lightning withstand level calculations. This study obtains the variation law of grounding resistance under different lightning current conditions to achieve quantitative analysis of the nonlinear response of the grounding system, providing key parameters for lightning withstand level calculation. The lightning withstand level calculation formula incorporates the tower coefficient A, shunt coefficient, and impulse grounding resistance, constructing a standardized lightning withstand level calculation model. It provides a generalized calculation method applicable to different tower types (such as cat-head towers), facilitating engineering promotion and standardized design. The parameter iterative optimization mechanism (adjusting grounding electrode size, burial depth, etc.) achieves closed-loop optimization of design parameters, solving the problem of relying on empirical formulas and repeated field tests in traditional design, improving optimization efficiency, reducing design costs, identifying key influencing factors and quantifying their effects, clarifying optimization priorities, guiding targeted structural or parameter adjustments, improving optimization efficiency, and comparing performance curves before and after optimization (impulse grounding resistance vs. soil resistivity, lightning withstand level vs. The optimization effect of lightning current amplitude is verified, a closed-loop verification mechanism is constructed to ensure the repeatability and engineering feasibility of the optimization results, and model calibration (the error between simulation value and measured value is ≤5%) improves the credibility of the model, ensures that the simulation results are consistent with the actual operating state, enhances the engineering applicability of the method, accurately assesses the lightning current distribution, improves the accuracy of lightning withstand level calculation, especially the electromagnetic coupling analysis capability in multi-conductor systems.

[0086] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments and application fields described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and instructive, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms based on the guidance of this specification and without departing from the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention, and all of these are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating lightning resistance level based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Based on the actual size, structural form, material properties and grounding electrode connection method of the transmission line tower, and combined with the soil resistivity data obtained from the on-site geological survey, construct a three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model that includes the tower structure and multi-layer soil structure. S2. Input the measured impulse grounding resistance data into the three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model, and adjust the soil layering parameters or grounding electrode connection method until the error between the simulated impulse grounding resistance value and the measured value is ≤5%; S3. In the three-dimensional tower-soil coupling model, set up a lightning current source with adjustable amplitude and waveform to simulate the impact of lightning current with different amplitude and waveform on the transmission line tower. Use CDEGS simulation software to perform electromagnetic field simulation calculations to obtain the peak tower voltage and peak ground current under the action of lightning current. S4. Based on the simulation results, plot the curves of impulse grounding resistance versus time, lightning current amplitude, and soil resistivity. Calculate the lightning withstand level of the transmission line towers according to the lightning withstand level formula. （1） Calculate lightning resistance level ,in This is 50% of the flashover voltage of the insulator string. The diversion coefficient is... This is the coupling coefficient between the conductor and the ground wire. To reduce the grounding resistance, The average height of the conductor. The average height of the ground wire. For tower inductance, The time of the lightning current wavefront. For the tower height, The height of the crossarm above the ground. This is the geometric coupling coefficient between the conductor and the ground wire; S5, if lightning resistance level <threshold If necessary, adjust the grounding electrode size, material, or burial depth and input the 3D tower-soil coupling model, then repeat steps S3-S4 until the lightning resistance level is reached. ≥ .

2. The lightning resistance level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Preferably, the three-dimensional pole-soil coupling model includes a multi-layer soil structure in which the soil is divided into at least 3 layers, each with a resistivity ranging from 10 to 3000 Ω·m and a resistivity difference of ≥30% between adjacent layers.

3. The lightning resistance level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amplitude and waveform of the adjustable lightning current source are 10-150kA, and the waveforms include 8 / 20μs standard lightning waves and steep-front operating waves.

4. The lightning resistance level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Adjusting the grounding electrode material includes changing it to a material that facilitates current dissipation in order to reduce the impulse grounding resistance; Adjusting the burial depth of the grounding electrode includes extending the grounding grid and using drainage materials to reduce impulse grounding resistance.

5. The lightning resistance level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current shunt coefficient K is obtained by simulation using CDEGS software to determine the current distribution ratio of each conductor in the tower. Calculation, where For ground current, This represents the total lightning current.

6. The lightning resistance level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes plotting the relationship between impulse grounding resistance and soil resistivity and lightning current amplitude before and after optimization, plotting the lightning withstand level as a function of lightning current amplitude; comparing and analyzing the performance changes before and after optimization to verify the optimization effect.

7. The lightning resistance level calculation method based on multi-factor coupled three-dimensional tower simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, threshold ≥150kA.

8. A system for implementing the method of any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It includes: CDEGS Simulation Module: Used to perform steps S1-S3 for modeling, calibration, and calculation; The lightning withstand level analysis module calculates the lightning withstand level of transmission line towers based on the lightning withstand level formula. Parameter optimization decision module: Comparing lightning resistance levels <threshold To adjust the size, material, or burial depth of the grounding electrode.

9. A computer storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium includes computer instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: Memory, processor, and computer programs stored in memory and executable on the processor, wherein, When the processor executes the program, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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