Method for improving soil fertility of orchard in Yellow River old road region

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving soil fertility of an orchard in a Yellow River old lane area. The orchard is covered with green grass; after the fruits are harvested and before leaves fall, a first fertilization ditch is dug at a crown water drip, and smashed straw, base fertilizer and surface soil are sequentially laid in the first fertilization ditch from bottom to top; meanwhile, digging 3-4 radial second fertilization ditches according to a water drip from a trunk to a crown, sequentially laying dry branches and fallen leaves, wheat straws and livestock and poultry manure in the second fertilization ditches from bottom to top, and putting earthworms into surface straws of the second fertilization ditches; a humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied in a drip irrigation manner during topdressing. Therefore, through the synergistic effect of multiple technical measures such as orchard grass covering, organic fertilizer layer application, earthworm density increasing and bio-fertilizer application increasing, a benign soil ecological system is constructed, and therefore the problems that the content of organic matter in orchard soil in the Yellow River old road area is low, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity is weak are effectively solved, the soil fertility is remarkably improved, and the yield of the orchard is increased. And the fruit yield and quality are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of orchard soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the Yellow River old course area. BACKGROUND

[0002] The soil in orchards in the Yellow River old course area is mainly composed of flood alluvium, and the soil type is mostly sandy chernozem. The sandy soil is loose in texture, has large pores, and water is easily infiltrated and lost, and fertilizer is also difficult to remain in the soil, resulting in low fertilizer utilization rate and increased production cost. The orchard is also often affected by insufficient soil moisture conservation capacity, and the fruit trees show water stress symptoms, affecting the normal physiological metabolism and growth and development of the fruit trees. At present, some fruit farmers often use measures such as increasing the application of organic fertilizer, but due to the structural characteristics of the soil itself, the decomposition and transformation efficiency of the organic fertilizer in the soil is low, and affected by the sandy soil, the nutrients are easily lost with water, and it is difficult to fully play the role of improving the soil fertility. At the same time, the existing technology mainly focuses on the improvement of a single factor, and lacks a systematic solution to the improvement of soil fertility, so it is difficult to fundamentally and comprehensively solve the problems of the soil in the orchards in the Yellow River old course area. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.

[0004] To this end, one object of the present application is to provide a method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the Yellow River old course area, which, through the synergistic effect of multiple technical measures such as orchard grass cover, organic fertilizer layer application, improvement of earthworm density and increase of biological fertilizer application, constructs a healthy soil ecosystem, thereby effectively solving the problems of low organic matter content and weak water and fertilizer conservation capacity of the soil in the orchards in the Yellow River old course area, significantly improving the soil fertility, and further improving the yield and quality of the fruit, and promoting the sustainable development of the orchards in the area.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present application proposes a method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the Yellow River old riverbed area, comprising the following steps: covering the orchard with grass, wherein the grass is sown by broadcasting or drilling, and after sowing, covering the soil, smoothing, and pouring water once; after fruit harvesting to leaf fall, digging a first fertilization trench at the tree canopy drip line, wherein the first fertilization trench is 40-60 cm deep, and the first fertilization trench is filled with crushed straw, base fertilizer, and topsoil from bottom to top; at the same time, 3-4 radial second fertilization trenches are dug from the tree trunk to the tree canopy drip line, wherein the second fertilization trench is 30 cm deep and 40 cm wide, and the second fertilization trench is filled with dry branches and leaves, wheat straw, and livestock and poultry manure from bottom to top, and the surface of the second fertilization trench is covered with wheat straw after covering the soil; 30-100 earthworms are put into the straw on the surface of the second fertilization trench for each fruit tree, and 2000-3000 earthworms are put into the orchard for each mu; within 3-5 years after putting the earthworms, the second fertilization trench is reopened every autumn to supplement organic matter.

[0006] In addition, the method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the Yellow River old riverbed area proposed in the present application can have the following additional technical features: In one embodiment of the present application, a ring-shaped trench is dug around the tree trunk 0.8-1 m away from the tree trunk before the fruit tree sprouts the next year, wherein the trench is 20 cm deep and 20 cm wide, and fertilizer is put into the ring-shaped trench.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present application, during the fruit swelling period, humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is applied to the soil 4 times by drip irrigation, wherein drip irrigation is performed every 10-15 days.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present application, during the grass growing period in the orchard, water is poured in time after fertilization to keep the soil moisture content at 60%-70% of the field water holding capacity.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present application, the grass species include alfalfa and hairy sedge, the drilling row spacing is between 30-40 cm, the sowing depth is between 1-2 cm, and the sowing time is in late September to early October of the current year.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present application, the first fertilization trench is divided into three layers, wherein the lower layer is filled with 20-30 cm thick crushed straw, the middle layer is filled with 10-15 cm thick base fertilizer, and the upper layer is covered with 10-15 cm thick topsoil, and the base fertilizer includes bio-organic fertilizer and balanced compound fertilizer.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the dry branches and leaves in the second fertilization ditch is between 8-10 cm, the thickness of the wheat straw is between 8-10 cm, the thickness of the livestock and poultry manure is between 8-10 cm, and the thickness of the surface layer of straw is between 8-15 cm.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present application, in the initial stage of artificial grass, artificial weeding is carried out once or twice from the middle of March to the beginning of April of the next year, and if the height of 80% of the grass is higher than 40-50 cm, mowing is carried out, and then grass covering is carried out, wherein young trees are covered in the tree pit, mature trees are covered in the row, and densely planted gardens are covered in the whole garden.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present application at least has the following beneficial effects: through the synergistic effect of orchard grass covering, organic fertilizer layer application, increasing earthworm density and applying biological fertilizer, a healthy soil ecosystem is formed. The grass covering provides a habitat for soil microorganisms, promotes the reproduction of microorganisms in the biological fertilizer, effectively reduces soil water evaporation, and improves soil water retention capacity; the organic fertilizer layer application provides continuous nutrients for microorganisms and fruit trees; increasing earthworm density can effectively improve soil aeration and water permeability, and significantly improve soil fertility; the application of biological fertilizer accelerates the decomposition and transformation of organic fertilizer, and the four together can quickly improve the problems of low soil organic matter, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, etc. in the orchard soil of the Yellow River old channel, improve soil fertility, and thus improve fruit yield and quality, and promote the sustainable development of the orchard in the region.

[0014] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter in the description of embodiments of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily appreciated from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 The process schematic diagram of the method for improving soil fertility in the orchard of the Yellow River old channel region according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as limiting the present application. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present application include all changes, modifications and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0017] The following describes a method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the old course of the Yellow River, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0018] The method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the old course of the Yellow River provided in this application can be applied to improve soil fertility in orchards in the old course of the Yellow River. Through the synergistic effect of technical measures such as orchard cover, organic fertilizer layering, increasing earthworm density and increasing the application of bio-fertilizers, a benign soil ecosystem is formed, which significantly improves soil fertility, thereby increasing fruit yield and quality and promoting the sustainable development of orchards in the region.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this application, the method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the old course of the Yellow River may include:

[0020] Step 101: Cover the orchard with live grass. The live grass is sown by broadcasting or row sowing. After sowing, cover with soil, level the soil, and water thoroughly once.

[0021] It should be noted that the orchard in this embodiment can be a pear orchard. The use of grass propagation technology can improve soil structure and enhance soil fertility. The grass layer can reduce soil moisture evaporation, and its root system can also loosen the soil and improve water infiltration capacity, thereby enhancing the drought resistance of the orchard.

[0022] In one embodiment of this application, the grass varieties include alfalfa and vetch, the row spacing for sowing is between 30cm and 40cm, the sowing depth is between 1cm and 2cm, and the sowing time is from late September to early October of the same year.

[0023] It should be noted that when sowing, alfalfa and vetch can be mixed with fine sand before sowing. After sowing, gently cover the soil with a rake and level it. Autumn sowing is preferred. It is understandable that the actual amount of grass seeds sown when broadcasting is 25% to 30% more than that when sowing in rows.

[0024] Furthermore, water thoroughly once after sowing to keep the soil within 20cm moist. During other growing seasons, irrigate normally according to the actual water requirements of the cover crop or orchard, and promptly remove noxious weeds manually.

[0025] In the embodiments of this application, during the initial stage of artificial grass covering, weeds are manually removed 1 to 2 times from mid-March to early April of the following year. If the grass stalks of 80% of the grass cover are higher than 40cm to 50cm in height, they are cut and then covered with grass. Young trees are covered with grass around the tree base, mature trees are covered with grass within the rows, and densely planted gardens are covered with grass throughout.

[0026] The orchard grass covering in the application can effectively reduce soil water evaporation and improve soil water retention capacity; the nitrogen fixation of legume forage increases the nitrogen source of soil, and the soil organic matter content can be increased and the soil structure can be improved by covering and returning after mowing.

[0027] In step 102, a first fertilization trench is excavated at the drip line of the tree crown from fruit harvesting to leaf fall, wherein the first fertilization trench has a depth of 40-60 cm, and the first fertilization trench is sequentially laid with crushed straw, base fertilizer and topsoil from bottom to top.

[0028] In an embodiment of the application, the first fertilization trench is divided into upper, middle and lower layers, wherein the lower layer is filled with 20-30 cm thick crushed straw, the middle layer is laid with 10-15 cm thick base fertilizer, and the upper layer is covered with 10-15 cm thick topsoil, the base fertilizer includes bio-organic fertilizer and balanced compound fertilizer.

[0029] It should be noted that the balanced compound fertilizer generally refers to a compound fertilizer with the same or similar content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the most common identification is N-P-K=15-15-15 or 20-20-20. This means that the fertilizer contains 15% (or 20%) nitrogen, 15% (or 20%) diphosphorus pentoxide and 15% (or 20%) potassium oxide. The balanced compound fertilizer used in the application is N-P-K=15-15-15, and the formula fertilizer can quickly supplement the available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil to meet the needs of fruit trees at different growth stages.

[0030] Further, the application of bio-organic fertilizer is 400-500 kg / 666.7 m 2 , and the application amount of balanced compound fertilizer is 40-50 kg / 666.7 m 2 .

[0031] In step 103, 3-4 radial second fertilization trenches are excavated from the trunk to the drip line of the tree crown at the same time, wherein the second fertilization trench has a depth of 30 cm and a width of 40 cm, and the second fertilization trench is sequentially laid with dry branches and leaves, wheat straw and livestock and poultry manure from bottom to top, and the surface of the second fertilization trench is covered with wheat straw after covering.

[0032] It should be noted that the bio-organic fertilizer contains rich organic matter and beneficial microorganisms, which can improve soil structure, improve soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and increase soil organic matter content.

[0033] In an embodiment of the application, the thickness of dry branches and leaves in the second fertilization trench is between 8-10 cm, the thickness of wheat straw is between 8-10 cm, the thickness of livestock and poultry manure is between 8-10 cm, and the thickness of the surface layer of straw is between 8-15 cm.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present application, the organic fertilizer such as branches and leaves, wheat straw and livestock and poultry manure is sequentially applied in the second fertilization ditch, and then the top layer is covered with soil, and then a layer of wheat straw is covered after the soil covering, and the layered fertilization can make the organic fertilizer slowly decompose in different soil layers, continuously release nutrients, meet the needs of different root depths of the fruit trees for nutrients, promote the activities of soil microorganisms, and improve the soil aeration and water permeability.

[0035] In step 104, the earthworms are put in the straw layer on the surface of the second fertilization ditch, 30-100 earthworms are put per fruit tree, and 2000-3000 earthworms are put per mu of orchard.

[0036] It should be noted that the earthworms are put in the spring of the next year when the soil temperature is stable above 10℃ and the rainfall is sufficient, and if the rainfall is less in the year, the water content needs to be increased by artificial spraying, the spraying frequency is determined according to the drought degree, the soil is kept moist, the water content is 60%-70%, and the soil drought or waterlogging is avoided.

[0037] Further, only in the first year, the earthworms are inoculated, the earthworms will survive and proliferate in the fertilization ditch, and in the following years, the earthworms do not need to be added, and with the continuous improvement of the living environment, more wild earthworms will migrate. The mowing material of the orchard grass can be used as a supplementary feed for the earthworms, which is directly covered within the drip line of the fruit tree crown, and the earthworms can loosen the soil, improve the soil aeration and water permeability through feeding, tunneling, excretion and secretion; the excrement of the earthworms is rich in humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, which can significantly improve the soil fertility; the earthworms can also decompose organic matter in the soil, promote nutrient transformation, and further improve the construction of the benign soil ecosystem in cooperation with other technologies.

[0038] In step 105, the second fertilization ditch is reopened every year in the autumn within 3-5 years after the earthworms are put in to supplement the organic material.

[0039] It should be noted that the supplemented organic material refers to branches and leaves, crop straw and livestock and poultry manure, and the beneficial microorganisms in these organic materials can activate soil nutrients, inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria and improve the disease resistance of the fruit trees.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present application, a ring-shaped ditch is dug around the fruit tree at a distance of 0.8-1 m from the trunk before the fruit tree sprouts in the next year, the ditch is 20 cm deep and 20 cm wide, and fertilizer is put in the ring-shaped ditch.

[0041] It should be noted that the fertilizer type described in this embodiment is selected from balanced compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 46% urea. The application amount of the balanced compound fertilizer is 20-30 kg / 666.7 m 2 , and the application amount of the urea is 15-20 kg / 666.7 m 2, to quickly replenish carbon, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, and promote the flourishing of fruit tree branches and leaves.

[0042] In an embodiment of the present application, during the fruit swelling period, the soil is applied with the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer 4 times by drip irrigation, wherein drip irrigation is performed once every 10-15 days.

[0043] It should be noted that the fruit swelling period refers to the period when the fruit rapidly swells and the volume and weight rapidly increase. At this time, the drip irrigation technology can accurately deliver water and fertilizer to the root zone of the fruit tree, so that the humic acid directly acts on the root system. This not only avoids the waste in the non-root zone soil caused by flooding or scattering, but also can act as an efficient biological stimulant to continuously and gently stimulate the root zone, thereby significantly promoting the division and elongation of root cells, and further cultivating more, denser and stronger fibrous roots and root hairs.

[0044] Further, the amount of water-soluble fertilizer is 5-7 kg / 666.7 m 2 , and the water-soluble fertilizer after dilution has a concentration of about 0.1%-0.15%.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present application, during the orchard grass growing period, water is poured in time after fertilization to keep the soil water content at 60%-70% of the field water holding capacity.

[0046] It should be noted that during the orchard grass growing period, water is poured in time according to the soil moisture content to ensure the normal growth of the grass, and water is poured in time after fertilization to promote the dissolution and absorption of the fertilizer.

[0047] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the following clearly and completely describes the embodiment, which is only a part of the present application, not the whole. Embodiment

[0048] This embodiment is carried out in a pear orchard in Xuzhou Modern Agricultural Demonstration Base in Xuzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Jiangsu Province, and the variety is Huangguan pear.

[0049] 1. Orchard grass cover: Purple clover is sown in October 2022, with a row spacing of 30 cm, a sowing depth of 1.5 cm, and a sowing amount of 1.2 kg / acre. Water is poured after sowing to keep the soil moist. When the purple clover grows to 40 cm, it is cut to a stubble height of 10 cm, and the cut grass is covered under the tree canopy with a thickness of 8 cm. The cutting is performed 3 times, and the continuous planting is performed for 2 years before plowing into the soil. The use of orchard grass cover can effectively reduce soil water evaporation and improve soil water retention capacity; the nitrogen fixation of legume grass increases the source of soil nitrogen, and the cover of cut grass can increase the soil organic matter content and improve the soil structure.

[0050] 2. Application of base fertilizer in orchard After the fruit is harvested to the falling leaves, that is, in October to November of the current year, organic fertilizer layering is applied in combination with base fertilizer. The specific operation mode is as follows: a first fertilization ditch with a depth of 50 cm is excavated at the drip line of the pear tree crown, the first fertilization ditch is divided into upper, middle and lower three layers, 25 cm thick crushed straw is filled into the lower layer, 10 cm thick bio-organic fertilizer and balanced compound fertilizer are laid in the middle layer, and 15 cm thick topsoil is covered on the upper layer. The base fertilizer type is selected from bio-organic fertilizer and balanced compound fertilizer (15-15-15). The bio-organic fertilizer is applied at an amount of 450 kg / 666.7 m 2 , and the balanced compound fertilizer is applied at an amount of 50 kg / 666.7 m 2 .

[0051] The bio-organic fertilizer contains rich organic matter and beneficial microorganisms, which can improve soil structure, increase soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and increase soil organic matter content; the formula fertilizer can quickly supplement the available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil to meet the needs of fruit trees at different growth stages; the beneficial microorganisms in the bio-fertilizer can activate soil nutrients and inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria to improve the disease resistance of fruit trees. At the same time, the organic fertilizer layering can make the organic fertilizer slowly decompose in different soil layers, continuously release nutrients, meet the needs of fruit trees at different root depths, and promote the activities of soil microorganisms, improve soil aeration and water permeability.

[0052] 3. Orchard earthworm fertilization In November 2022, four radial second fertilization ditches were excavated from the trunk to the drip line of the crown, with a depth of 30 cm and a width of 40 cm. In the second fertilization ditch, from bottom to top, 10 cm thick of fallen branches and leaves, 8 cm thick of wheat straw, and 8 cm thick of livestock and poultry manure were laid in turn, and after covering the soil, 10 cm thick of wheat straw was covered on the fertilization ditch. In March 2024, when the soil temperature is stable above 10°C, 50 earthworms are put into each second fertilization ditch directly into the surface layer of straw. In November 2024, the radial second fertilization ditches are re-excavated and supplemented with organic materials (such as fallen branches and leaves, crop straw, livestock and poultry manure).

[0053] In the earthworm fertilization technology in orchard, earthworms can loosen soil, improve soil aeration and water permeability through feeding, burrowing, excretion and secretion; the excrement of earthworms is rich in humus, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which can significantly improve soil fertility; earthworms can also decompose organic matter in soil and promote nutrient transformation, which further improves the construction of benign soil ecosystem in cooperation with other technologies.

[0054] 4. Orchard topdressing (1) Bud sprouting period topdressing In 2023, before the fruit trees germinate, a ring-shaped ditch is dug 0.8 m away from the trunk, with a depth of 20 cm and a width of 20 cm. The type of topdressing fertilizer is balanced compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 46% urea. The application amount of balanced compound fertilizer is 30 kg / 666.7 m 2 , and the application amount of urea is 15 kg / 666.7 m 2 .

[0055] (2) Topdressing during the fruit swelling period During the fruit swelling period, drip irrigation is adopted, and humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied 4 times, with drip irrigation every 10 days, and the application amount is 7 kg / 666.7 m 2 . After dilution with 300 times of clean water, the concentration of the diluted solution is about 0.1%.

[0056] 5. Water management During the period of orchard grass growth, water is applied in time according to the soil moisture content to ensure the normal growth of the grass. Water is applied in time after fertilization to keep the soil water content at 60%-70% of the field water holding capacity to promote the dissolution and absorption of the fertilizer.

[0057] 6. Effect: After 2 years of testing, the organic matter content of the soil in the orchard is increased to 18.5 g / kg, with an increase of 16.2%; the yield of pears is increased by 15% compared with the conventional management, and the yield per mu is increased by about 262 kg. The quality of the fruit is significantly improved, with the soluble solid content (indicative of fruit quality) increased by more than 8%; the soil looseness and water and fertilizer retention capacity are significantly enhanced, and a stable and benign soil ecosystem is formed.

[0058] The present application forms a benign soil ecosystem by using multiple technologies in cooperation, realizes the rapid and sustainable improvement of soil fertility, promotes the growth and development of fruit trees, and improves the yield and quality of fruits. The fertilization method of the present application is simple to operate and low in cost, and is suitable for large-scale promotion and application in orchards in the Yellow River Old Course area, and has significant economic and ecological benefits.

[0059] In summary, the soil fertility improvement method for orchards in the Yellow River Old Course area in the embodiment of the present application cooperates multiple technical measures such as orchard grass cover, organic fertilizer layer, increased earthworm density, and increased application of biological fertilizer, to construct a benign soil ecosystem, thereby effectively alleviating the problems of low soil organic matter content and weak water and fertilizer retention capacity in orchards in the Yellow River Old Course area, significantly improving soil fertility, and further improving fruit yield and quality, and promoting the sustainable development of orchards in the area.

[0060] In the description of the specification, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used only to describe various features, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or a specific order of limiting the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0061] In the description of the specification, the description referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Also, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the person skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0062] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above-described embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present application, and those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, replacements and variations to the above-described embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the old course of the Yellow River, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The orchard is covered with live grass, which is sown by broadcasting or row sowing. After sowing, the grass is covered with soil, leveled, and thoroughly watered once. After the fruit is harvested and before the leaves fall, the first fertilization trench is dug at the drip line of the tree canopy. The first fertilization trench is 40-60cm deep. The first fertilization trench is filled with crushed straw, base fertilizer and topsoil from bottom to top. At the same time, dig 3 to 4 radial second fertilization trenches from the trunk to the drip line of the canopy. The second fertilization trenches are 30cm deep and 40cm wide. The second fertilization trenches are laid with dead branches and leaves, wheat straw and livestock manure from bottom to top. After covering with soil, wheat straw is covered on the surface of the second fertilization trenches. Earthworms are placed in the surface layer of straw in the second fertilization trench, with 30 to 100 earthworms per fruit tree and 2,000 to 3,000 earthworms per acre of orchard. For 3 to 5 years after the earthworms are introduced, the second fertilization trench should be dug again every autumn to replenish organic materials.

2. The method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the old course of the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that, The following year, before the fruit trees sprout, dig a circular trench 0.8m to 1m away from the trunk, with a depth of 20cm and a width of 20cm, and put fertilizer into the circular trench.

3. The method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the old course of the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the fruit expansion period, apply water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid to the soil four times using drip irrigation, with one drip irrigation every 10 to 15 days.

4. The method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the old course of the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the orchard's grass cover period, water promptly after fertilization to maintain soil moisture content at 60%–70% of field capacity.

5. The method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the old course of the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing varieties include alfalfa and vetch. The row spacing for sowing is between 30cm and 40cm, the sowing depth is between 1cm and 2cm, and the sowing time is from late September to early October of the same year.

6. The method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the old course of the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first fertilization trench is divided into three layers: upper, middle and lower. The lower layer is filled with 20-30cm thick shredded straw, the middle layer is laid with 10-15cm thick base fertilizer, and the upper layer is covered with 10-15cm thick topsoil. The base fertilizer includes bio-organic fertilizer and balanced compound fertilizer.

7. The method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the old course of the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the dead branches and fallen leaves in the second fertilization trench is between 8 and 10 cm, the thickness of the wheat straw is between 8 and 10 cm, the thickness of the livestock and poultry manure is between 8 and 10 cm, and the thickness of the surface straw is between 8 and 15 cm.

8. The method for improving soil fertility in orchards in the old course of the Yellow River according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the early stages of artificial grass cover, weeds should be manually removed 1 to 2 times from mid-March to early April of the following year. If the grass stalks of 80% of the grass cover are higher than 40cm to 50cm in height, they should be cut. After cutting, the grass should be covered. Young trees should be covered around the base of the tree, mature trees should be covered within the rows, and densely planted gardens should be covered with grass.

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