Potato planter with mulch

Abstract

This invention discloses a potato mulching planter, comprising a frame and a transmission mechanism. The frame is connected to a tractor via a three-point suspension. The frame is equipped with a rotary tillage and ridging device, a fertilization and pesticide application device, a pipe-laying and mulching device, a seed metering device, and a seed-planting device. The rotary tillage and ridging device includes a rotary tillage component and a ridging component. The fertilization and pesticide application device has a fertilizer pipe positioned in the middle of the rotary tillage component, which delivers fertilizer into the soil layer in the middle of the ridge. The pipe-laying and mulching device lays drip irrigation pipes and film on the ridge. The seed metering device has a seed metering component that sequentially feeds potato seeds into a duckbill-type seed-planting cylinder. The transmission mechanism drives the connecting rod assembly and the duckbill-type seed-planting cylinder to swing back and forth. The duckbill-type seed-planting cylinder pierces the film for seeding. This invention adopts a planting method of first covering the soil with film and then planting in holes on the film. This equipment integrates multiple functions such as rotary tillage, ridging, pesticide application, fertilization, pipe laying, mulching, seeding, and soil covering, greatly improving the efficiency of potato planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of potato planting equipment, and more particularly to a potato mulching planter. Background Technology

[0002] Potatoes are my country's fourth largest staple crop, and the planting stage is a crucial step in the potato production chain, decisively impacting the final yield and quality. Mulching technology, as a highly effective yield-increasing method, is widely used in potato cultivation. This technology effectively increases the surface soil temperature, shortens the crop's entire growth period, and significantly prevents ineffective soil moisture evaporation, resulting in excellent moisture retention and yield-increasing effects.

[0003] Currently, the common practice in plastic film mulching cultivation is to sow first, then cover with film, and finally manually remove the film to release the seedlings after emergence. The advantages of this method are its low barrier to entry, flexible operation, and the ability to effectively retain soil moisture by covering the film immediately after sowing, resulting in a relatively fast sowing process. However, in large-scale planting, the drawbacks of this method become apparent: Firstly, it is highly dependent on labor. During the seedling stage, a large amount of manpower is required to inspect and release the seedlings. If the seedlings are not released in time, they are easily scorched and killed in the high temperature environment under the film, resulting in missing seedlings and broken rows, which affects the yield. This "manual seedling search" method is extremely labor-intensive and has low production efficiency when planted on a large scale.

[0004] Secondly, existing equipment is limited in function. Most potato planting equipment on the market today is simply a planter and mulcher, which cannot integrate the multiple processes required for potato planting, such as loosening the soil, ridging, laying pipes (drip irrigation), mulching, planting, applying pesticides, fertilizing, and compacting the soil. The planting process requires multiple machines to be used repeatedly, exacerbating soil compaction, and the lack of consistency between the various processes increases planting costs and management difficulty. This is the existing problem. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the above deficiencies, this invention provides a potato mulching planter that uses a method of first covering the soil with film and then planting seeds by inserting holes in the film. This equipment integrates multiple functions such as rotary tillage, ridging, pesticide application, fertilization, pipe laying, mulching, seeding, and soil covering, greatly improving the efficiency of potato planting.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A potato mulching planter includes a frame and a transmission mechanism. The frame is connected to a tractor via a three-point suspension. The frame is characterized by being equipped with a rotary tillage and ridging device, a fertilizer and pesticide application device, a pipe laying and mulching device, a seed metering device, and a seed transplanting device. The rotary tillage and ridging device includes a rotary tillage component and a ridging component disposed at the bottom of the frame. The rotary tillage component is disposed at the front end of the frame, and the ridging component is disposed at the rear side of the rotary tillage component. The fertilization and pesticide application device includes a material box, a feeding assembly, a hose, and a fertilizer application pipe. The material box is fixed on the frame. The material box supplies fertilizer to the fertilizer application pipe through the feeding assembly and the hose. The fertilizer application pipe is located in the middle of the rotary tillage assembly, so that the fertilizer falls into the soil layer in the middle of the soil ridge. The pipe-laying and film-coating device includes a dripping roller and a film-coating roller mounted on a frame. The film-coating roller is rotatably connected to the bottom of the frame and located behind the ridging assembly, laying the dripping pipe and film on the soil ridge. The seed metering device includes a seed box and a seed metering assembly. The seed insertion device includes a connecting rod assembly and a duckbill-type seed insertion cylinder fixed on the connecting rod assembly. The seed metering assembly sequentially feeds the potato seeds into the duckbill-type seed insertion cylinder. The transmission mechanism drives the connecting rod assembly and the duckbill-type seed insertion cylinder to swing back and forth. The duckbill-type seed insertion cylinder pierces the film for seed insertion.

[0007] Further optimized, the rotary tillage assembly includes a transmission box, a first transmission roller, and rotary tillage teeth. The transmission box is fixed at the middle position of the bottom of the frame. A first transmission roller is rotatably connected to each side of the transmission box and the frame. Several rotary tillage teeth are fixed on the first transmission roller. An inner plow tooth is fixed on the front side wall of the transmission box. An outer plow tooth is fixed on the frame at the outer ends of the two first transmission rollers. The inner and outer plow teeth are bent forward.

[0008] In a further optimized manner, the ridging assembly includes a ridging plate and a leveling roller. Two ridging plates are provided and fixed on the frame on both sides respectively. The two ridging plates are inclined from the outside to the inside from front to back and from the inside to the outside from top to bottom. The leveling roller is rotatably connected to the bottom of the frame and located in the upper middle part of the ridging plate. Several sets of evenly distributed circumferential leveling plates are fixed on the leveling roller. The leveling plates are rubber plates. The ridging assembly gathers the soil dispersed by the rotary tillage assembly into a terrace shape.

[0009] Further optimized, the material box is fixed with a partition that divides the material box into a medicine area and a fertilizer area. The bottom of the material box is provided with a discharge port. The discharge assembly is fixed on the discharge port. A V-shaped material collection pipe is fixed on the frame. The discharge assembly is connected to the material collection pipe through a flexible hose. The bottom of the material collection pipe is connected to the fertilizer application pipe. The fertilizer application pipe is fixed on the rear side wall of the inner plow teeth.

[0010] The feeding assembly includes a second drive roller and several feeding seats. The second drive roller is rotatably connected to the frame. Each feeding port has a feeding seat fixed at its bottom. Each feeding seat has a feeding gear embedded in it. The second drive roller passes through each feeding seat and the feeding gear and is fixedly connected to the feeding gear. The second drive roller drives the feeding gear to rotate and feed the material.

[0011] In a further optimized configuration, the drip roller is mounted on a frame, and a guide tube is fixed to the frame. A guide wheel is rotatably connected to the bottom of the guide tube to guide the drippers on the drip roller to the underside of the covering roller. The covering roller is located on the upper side of the rear end of the ridging board. Two film-pressing support wheels are provided on the frame behind the ridging board. A soil-covering plate is provided on each side of the rear end of the frame. The covering roller lays the film and drippers on the top of the ridge. The two film-pressing support wheels press the film on both sides of the ridge. The soil-covering plate at the rear end of the frame moves forward with the tractor to complete the soil covering. The film-pressing support wheels also support the entire frame as it moves with the tractor.

[0012] In a further optimized manner, the seed metering assembly is provided in two sets. Each set of seed metering assembly includes a support frame, a seed scoop, and a seed dropping tube. The support frame is fixed on the machine frame and has a vertical conveyor chain on it. Several seed scoops are evenly distributed and fixed on the conveyor chain. The seed dropping tube is fixed on the support frame and vertically covers one side of the conveyor chain. The other side of the conveyor chain is located inside the seed box. The bottom of the seed dropping tube faces the duckbill-type seed insert. The conveyor chain drives the seed scoops to circulate, and the seed scoops scoop up the potato seeds from the seed box and pour them into the seed dropping tube.

[0013] Further optimized, the longitudinal section of the seed box is trapezoidal, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The seed box includes an outer box and a replanting box. The replanting box is fixed on the support frame. The bottom of the replanting box has two through holes corresponding to two conveyor chains. When the seed spoon on the conveyor chain moves in a cycle, it first passes through the outer box and then through the through holes and the replanting box. Two motors are fixed on the frame, and a vibrating wheel is fixed on the output shaft of each motor. The two vibrating wheels are located between a conveyor chain, and the vibrating wheels are in contact with the conveyor chain on one side of the seed box.

[0014] Further optimized, a third transmission roller is rotatably connected to the frame. The third transmission roller drives the connecting rod assembly and the duckbill-type seeding cylinder to swing back and forth through a chain, sprocket, and eccentric wheel. The duckbill-type seeding cylinder is an inverted cone shape. The rear of the frame is equipped with a soil cleaning component and a soil sweeping component. The soil cleaning component cleans the soil that sticks to the duckbill-type seeding cylinder when it swings and plants, and the soil sweeping component sweeps the soil on the film.

[0015] Further optimized, the soil cleaning component is provided in two sets, each corresponding to a duckbill-type seed inserter. The soil cleaning component includes a scraper, a support plate, and an adjusting plate. The support plate is fixed to the rear of the frame. The upper end of the scraper is hinged to the upper end of the support plate. The adjusting plate is disposed between the scraper and the support plate. The support plate is provided with an adjusting bolt. The end of the adjusting bolt is rotatably connected to the adjusting plate. A buffer spring is fixed between the adjusting plate and the scraper. The lower end of the scraper is inclined toward the duckbill-type seed inserter. The sweeping assembly includes an L-shaped plate, an inclined plate, and a connecting rod. The L-shaped plate is hinged to the middle of the rear of the frame, and a brush is fixed to the end of the L-shaped plate. The inclined plate is fixed to the rear of the frame and tilts outward. A strip-shaped hole is opened on the inclined plate. One end of the connecting rod is hinged to the top of the L-shaped plate, and the other end is inserted into the strip-shaped hole. The connecting rod has several pin holes, and the connecting rod is limited on the inclined plate by two pin shafts. A V-shaped guide plate is also provided at the bottom of the L-shaped plate.

[0016] In a further optimized manner, the transmission mechanism includes a gearbox, several chains, sprockets, and an auxiliary shaft. The tractor transmits power to the gearbox via a universal drive shaft. The gearbox transmits power to the transmission box, the leveling roller, the third transmission roller, and the seed metering assembly via several chains, sprockets, and an auxiliary shaft, respectively. The film pressing support wheel transmits power to the second transmission roller via several chains, sprockets, and an auxiliary shaft.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention integrates eight functions: rotary tillage, ridging, pesticide application, fertilization, pipe laying, mulching, planting through holes in the mulch, and covering with soil, achieving integrated operation throughout the entire potato planting process. Adopting a "mulch first, then planting through holes in the mulch" operation mode, it eliminates the need for manual hole-making and seedling placement, solving the problem of concentrated labor during the seedling emergence period and the risk of scalding due to untimely seedling placement. This greatly reduces labor intensity and significantly improves the operational efficiency of large-scale planting.

[0018] 2. The ridging component of this invention innovatively incorporates a leveling plate, which flattens the soil ridges created by the leveling plate. This provides a flat and stable foundation for subsequent mulching and sowing through perforations in the mulch, enabling the duckbill-type seed inserter to precisely break through the mulch. This significantly improves the alignment accuracy between the planting holes and the mulch holes, reducing misalignment. Further soil clearing is also smoother.

[0019] 3. The fertilization and pesticide application device of this invention provides quantitative fertilization and pesticide application (granular pesticides). The fertilizer application tube is located behind the inner plow teeth, allowing for precise application of fertilizer to the center of the soil ridge. The application depth can be set to be 5-8 cm greater than the planting depth, ensuring that the fertilizer is located below and to the sides of the potato seed, preventing seed burn, guiding the roots to grow deeper, and improving fertilizer efficiency. Simultaneously, the use of specialized slow-release granular pesticides can also effectively control underground pests and diseases.

[0020] 4. In this invention, the pipe-laying and film-covering device lays the drip pipe in the middle of the soil ridge under the film, making irrigation more uniform and facilitating subsequent drip irrigation and fertilization, thus greatly improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0021] 5. In this device, the seed metering component feeds the potato seeds one by one from the seed box into the duckbill-type seed inserter. To address the problems of missed or duplicate seeding by the seed metering device, a replanting box and a vibrating wheel are set up to replant and vibrate, ensuring that each seed scoop holds one potato seed as much as possible, thus reducing the occurrence of missed or duplicate seeding.

[0022] 6. This invention innovatively incorporates a soil-cleaning component and a soil-sweeping component. When the duckbill-type seeding cylinder swings backward during planting, soil easily adheres to and is carried away from its rear outer wall. Excessive soil adhesion enlarges the planting holes on the film, significantly impacting its heat-insulating and moisture-retaining effects. The soil-cleaning component scrapes away soil from the rear outer wall of the duckbill-type seeding cylinder, preventing soil accumulation and enlargement of the film holes, thus maximizing the film's airtightness and effectively protecting its core functions of heat preservation and moisture retention. The soil-sweeping component backfills the planting holes with miscellaneous soil and loose soil carried away during planting, leveling the soil on the film. This serves to press the film down, provide shade, and improve weed control, water retention, and temperature stability, while also preventing excessively high soil temperatures. This is particularly advantageous in areas with severe drought and weed problems. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0024] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0027] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of point B in the middle.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0029] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged diagram of point C in the middle.

[0030] Figure 8 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of the seeder head in this invention.

[0031] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0032] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged diagram of point D in the middle.

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 4 .

[0034] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 Enlarged diagram of point D in the middle.

[0035] Figure 13 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of the seeder's tail section viewed from below in this invention.

[0036] Figure 14 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the soil-cleaning component in this invention. Figure 15 The figures show a comparison of actual use of the present invention before and after the installation of the soil cleaning component and the soil sweeping component.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 11. Film pressing support wheel; 12. Cover plate; 13. Suspension; 14. Gearbox; 2. Rotary tillage and ridging device; 21. Rotary tillage assembly; 211. Transmission box; 212. First transmission roller; 213. Rotary tillage teeth; 214. Inner plow teeth; 215. Outer plow teeth; 22. Ridging assembly; 221. Ridging plate; 222. Leveling roller; 223. Leveling plate; 3. Fertilizer and pesticide application device; 31. Feed hopper; 32. Feeding assembly; 321. Second drive roller; 322. Feeding seat; 33. Hose; 34. Collection pipe; 35. Fertilizer pipe; 41. Drip roller; 411. Guide pipe; 412. Guide wheel; 42. Film covering roller; 5. Seed metering device; 51. Seed box; 511. Outer box; 512. Replenishment box; 513. Through hole; 52. Seed metering assembly; 521. Support frame; 522. Seed dropping pipe; 523. Conveyor chain; 524. 53. Seeding spoon; 54. Motor; 6. Vibrating wheel; 7. Seeding device; 61. Connecting rod assembly; 62. Duckbill seeding cylinder; 63. Eccentric wheel; 64. Third transmission roller; 65. Cylinder base; 7. Soil cleaning assembly; 71. Support plate; 72. Scraper; 721. Notch; 722. Brush bristles; 73. Adjusting plate; 74. Adjusting bolt; 75. Buffer spring; 8. Soil sweeping assembly; 81. L-shaped plate; 82. Inclined plate; 83. Connecting rod; 84. Guide plate; 85. Brush; 9. Soil ridge. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "left," "right," "front," "rear," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0039] like Figures 1-15 As shown, this invention provides a potato mulching planter, including a frame 1 and a transmission mechanism. The frame 1 is connected to a tractor via a three-point suspension 13 and is powered by the tractor. The frame 1 is sequentially equipped with a rotary tillage and ridging device 2, a fertilization and pesticide application device 3, a pipe laying and mulching device 4, a seed metering device 5, and a seed transplanting device 6. This invention integrates eight functions: loosening soil, ridging, fertilization, pesticide application, pipe laying, mulching, sowing, and soil covering, which greatly reduces labor intensity and significantly improves the operational efficiency of large-scale planting.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment, refer to the appendix. Figure 2 , 3 As shown in Figures 6, 7, and 8, the rotary tillage and ridging device 2 includes a rotary tillage component 21 and a ridging component 22 disposed at the bottom of the frame 1. The rotary tillage component 21 is disposed at the front end of the frame 1 and is used to break up the soil. The ridging component 22 is disposed at the rear side of the rotary tillage component 21 and is used to gather the broken soil into shape.

[0041] The rotary tillage assembly 21 includes a transmission box 211, a first transmission roller 212, and rotary tillage teeth 213. The transmission box 211 is fixed at the middle position of the bottom of the frame 1 and receives power from the tractor. A first transmission roller 212 is rotatably connected to each side of the transmission box 211 and the frame 1. Several rotary tillage teeth 213 are fixed on the first transmission roller 212, and the rotary tillage teeth are evenly arranged in a spiral direction. An inner plow tooth 214 is fixed on the front side wall of the transmission box 211, and an outer plow tooth 215 is fixed on the frame 1 at the outer ends of the two first transmission rollers 212. The inner and outer plow teeth 214 and 215 bend forward and work together to enhance the soil breaking effect and gather the soil towards the center.

[0042] The ridging assembly 22 includes ridging plates 221 and leveling rollers 222. Two ridging plates 221 are provided, respectively fixed to the frame 1 on both sides. The two ridging plates 221 are inclined from front to back from the outside inwards (to gather soil) and from top to bottom from the inside outwards (to form a trapezoidal ridge surface). The leveling rollers 222 are rotatably connected to the bottom of the frame 1, located in the upper middle part of the ridging plates 221. Several sets of circumferentially evenly distributed leveling plates 223 are fixed on the leveling rollers 222, each leveling plate being positioned between two ridging plates. The leveling plates 223 are rubber sheets. During operation, the ridging plate 221 forces the soil dispersed by the rotary tillage component 21 to gather into a terraced ridge 9. Then, the leveling roller 222 rotates, and the rubber leveling plate 223 on it scrapes and beats the top of the ridge, smoothing out the uneven ridge top. This design effectively solves the problem of uneven ridge surface after traditional ridging, providing a flat base surface for subsequent mulching and precision sowing, and reducing the phenomenon of misalignment of film holes and seed holes caused by ridge surface undulation from the source.

[0043] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 3 , 6 As shown in Figures 7, 8, and 9, the fertilization and pesticide application device 3 includes a material box 31, a feeding assembly 32, a hose 33, and a fertilizer application pipe 35. The material box 31 is fixed on the frame 1. The material box 31 supplies fertilizer to the fertilizer application pipe 35 through the feeding assembly 32 and the hose 33. The fertilizer application pipe 35 is located in the middle of the rotary tillage assembly 21, so that the fertilizer falls into the soil layer in the middle of the soil ridge 9.

[0044] The feed hopper 31 is internally divided into a pesticide storage area and a fertilizer storage area, used to store granular pesticides and fertilizers respectively. Alternatively, the partition can be removed to accommodate slow-release granular fertilizers containing pesticides. A discharge port is located at the bottom of the feed hopper 31, and a discharge assembly 32 is fixed to the port. A V-shaped collection pipe 34 is fixed to the frame 1. The discharge assembly 32 connects to the collection pipe 34 via a flexible hose 33. The bottom of the collection pipe 34 connects to a fertilizer application pipe 35, which is fixed to the rear wall of the inner plow teeth 214, ensuring that the fertilizer application pipe 35 is centered on the soil ridge 9. The bottom of the fertilizer application pipe 35 curves backward, and long oblique holes are provided at the bottom and rear side to prevent clogging. The fertilization depth of the inner plow teeth and fertilizer tube can be set to be 5-8cm greater than the planting depth to ensure that the fertilizer is located below the potato seed on both sides to avoid burning the seed. At the same time, the use of special slow-release granular pesticides can also effectively prevent underground pests and diseases.

[0045] The feeding assembly 32 includes a second drive roller 321 and several feeding seats 322. The second drive roller 321 is rotatably connected to the frame 1 and is driven by a pressure film support wheel via a chain. A feeding seat 322 is fixed to the bottom of each feeding port. A feeding gear is embedded in each feeding seat 322. The second drive roller 321 passes through each feeding seat 322 and the feeding gear and is fixedly connected to the feeding gear. When the second drive roller 321 rotates, it drives the feeding gear to rotate, discharging fertilizer or pesticide quantitatively from the material box 31. Furthermore, by changing the feeding gears of different trough types, the amount of fertilizer and pesticide applied can be precisely controlled.

[0046] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 2 , 3 As shown in Figures 6 and 9, the pipe-laying and film-coating device includes a dripping roller 41 and a film-coating roller 42 mounted on a frame 1. The dripping roller 41 is mounted on the upper part of the frame 1 and is used to hold the dripping rolls. A guide tube 411 is also fixed on the frame 1. A guide wheel 412 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the guide tube 411. The dripping rolls are guided to the area below the film-coating roller 42 via the guide tube 411 and the guide wheel 412. The film-coating roller 42 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the frame 1 and is located on the rear side of the ridging assembly 22, specifically on the upper side of the tail of the ridging plate 221, for holding the film rolls.

[0047] Two film-pressing support wheels 11 are provided on the frame 1 behind the ridging plate 221, and a soil-covering plate 13 is provided on each side of the rear of the frame 1. During operation, the film and drip irrigation pipes are first manually pulled out and fixed at the edge of the field. Then, the tractor pulls the seeder forward, and the film-covering roller 42 lays the film and drip irrigation pipes on the top of the ridge 9. The drip irrigation pipes are laid in the center under the film. The two film-pressing support wheels 11 press the film on both sides of the ridge 9. The soil-covering plates at the rear of the frame 1 move forward with the frame 1, turning over the soil on both sides to cover the edge of the film, thus fixing the film. The drip irrigation pipes are laid under the film for easy irrigation. Furthermore, the film-pressing support wheels 11 also support the entire frame 1 as it moves with the tractor.

[0048] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figures 3, 4, 9, and 10, the seed metering device 5 includes a seed box 51 and a seed metering assembly 52. ​​In this embodiment, the seed metering assembly 52 is provided in two sets, corresponding to double-row planting on a single ridge. Each set of seed metering assemblies 52 includes a support frame 521, a seed scoop 524, and a seed drop tube 522. The support frame 521 is fixed on the frame 1, and a vertical conveyor chain 523 is provided on the support frame 521. Several seed scoops 524 are evenly distributed and fixed on the conveyor chain 523. The seed drop tube 522 is fixed on the support frame 521, and the seed drop tube 522 vertically covers one side of the conveyor chain 523 to form a closed conveying channel. The other side of the conveyor chain 523 is exposed inside the seed box 51. The bottom of the seed drop tube 522 faces the duckbill-type seed inserter 62. During operation, the conveyor chain 523 drives the seed spoon 524 to circulate. The seed spoon 524 scoops up the potato seeds from the seed box 51, and after being lifted to the top by the chain, it pours the potato seeds into the seed drop tube and slides along the seed drop tube into the duckbill-type seed inserter 62.

[0049] The seed box 51 has a trapezoidal longitudinal section, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, which facilitates the natural sliding of potato seeds to the bottom. The seed box 51 includes an outer box 511 and a refill box 512 located on the outside. The refill box 512 is fixed to a support frame 521 and located on the upward path of the conveyor chain 523. The bottom of the refill box 512 has two through holes 513 corresponding to the two conveyor chains 523. During operation, the seed scoop 524 on the conveyor chain 523 first scoops up potato seeds through the outer box 511, then passes through the through holes 513 into the refill box 512. A small amount of spare potato seeds is pre-placed in the refill box 512. If the scoop 524 is empty, it will scoop up seeds from the refill box, reducing the chance of seeds being missed due to an empty scoop.

[0050] Furthermore, two motors 53 are fixed on the frame 1, and a vibrating wheel 54 is fixed on the output shaft of each motor 53. The two vibrating wheels 54 are located between a conveyor chain 523, and the vibrating wheels 54 are in contact with the conveyor chain 523 on one side of the seed box 51. The motors 53 drive the vibrating wheels 54 to rotate, generating vibration on the conveyor chain 523, shaking off excess potato seeds from the seed scoops 524, ensuring that each seed scoop 524 ultimately carries only one potato seed. Through the dual protection of "vibration seed cleaning + mechanical replanting", the empty hole rate and replanting rate are reduced. It should be noted that the motors need to be powered by the tractor. Of course, it is also possible to provide power to the vibrating wheels through a chain, sprocket, and auxiliary shaft without using a motor.

[0051] Furthermore, the seed spoon has several holes, which shake off excess talcum powder and pesticide powder from the potato seed during vibration.

[0052] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 1 , 5As shown in Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14, the planting device 6 includes a connecting rod assembly 61 and a duckbill-type planting cylinder 62 fixed on the connecting rod assembly 61. A third transmission roller 64 is rotatably connected to the frame 1. The third transmission roller 64 drives the connecting rod assembly 61 and the duckbill-type planting cylinder 62 to reciprocate through a chain, sprocket, and eccentric wheel 63. The duckbill-type planting cylinder 62 is an inverted cone shape, with an openable and closable duckbill at the bottom. The seed metering assembly 52 feeds the potato seeds into the duckbill-type planting cylinder 62 sequentially. The connecting rod assembly drives the duckbill-type planting cylinder 62 to perform a walking-like reciprocating swing, and the duckbill-type planting cylinder 62 pierces the film for planting.

[0053] It should be noted that the connecting rod assembly 61 is equipped with a cylinder seat 65. The duckbill-type seed insert is fixed to the connecting rod assembly through the cylinder seat. The cylinder seat is equipped with a pull rod and spring for opening and closing the duckbill. The duckbill-type seed insert is a commonly used device in this field, and will not be described in detail here.

[0054] Furthermore, in this type of seeder, the duckbill-type seeding cylinder swings backward during planting, and its rear outer wall is prone to sticking to and carrying away soil. When too much soil sticks to it, the insertion holes on the film become larger, which significantly affects the film's heat preservation and moisture retention effect. Therefore, this invention provides a soil cleaning component 7 and a soil sweeping component 8 that cooperate with each other at the tail of the frame 1. The soil cleaning component 7 cleans the soil sticking to it during the swinging planting of the duckbill-type seeding cylinder 62, and the soil sweeping component 8 backfills the soil debris on the film and the loose soil carried out during planting into the insertion holes and sweeps it level.

[0055] The soil cleaning component 7 consists of two sets, each corresponding to a duckbill-type seeding cylinder 62. The soil cleaning component 7 includes a scraper 72, a support plate 71, and an adjusting plate 73. The support plate 71 is fixed to the rear of the frame 1. The upper end of the scraper 72 is hinged to the upper end of the support plate 71. The adjusting plate 73 is positioned between the scraper 72 and the support plate 71. An adjusting bolt 74 is provided on the support plate 71, and the end of the adjusting bolt 74 is rotatably connected to the adjusting plate 73. A buffer spring 75 is fixed between the adjusting plate 73 and the scraper 72. The lower end of the scraper 72 is inclined towards one side of the duckbill-type seeding cylinder 62. During operation, when the duckbill-type seeding cylinder swings backward and lifts after planting, the scraper 72 maintains elastic contact with the rear outer wall of the duckbill-type seeding cylinder 62. Soil adhering to the outer wall is scraped off by the scraper 72, preventing soil accumulation that could enlarge the subsequent film insertion hole. The contact pressure and angle between the scraper 72 and the seed insert can be adjusted by adjusting the bolt 74. The scraper is also provided with a notch that is adapted to the outer wall of the seed insert. Brush bristles are fixed on the notch to avoid damage to the scraper and the seed insert, and to ensure the soil scraping effect.

[0056] The soil-sweeping assembly 8 includes an L-shaped plate 81, an inclined plate 82, and a connecting rod 83. The L-shaped plate 81 is hinged to the middle of the rear of the frame 1, and a brush 85 is fixed to the end of the L-shaped plate 81. The inclined plate 82 is fixed to the rear of the frame 1 and tilts outward. A strip-shaped hole is opened on the inclined plate 82. One end of the connecting rod 83 is hinged to the top of the L-shaped plate 81, and the other end is inserted into the strip-shaped hole. The connecting rod 83 has several pin holes and is limited on the inclined plate 82 by two pin shafts. The height and angle of the brush 85 can be adjusted according to the actual situation. A V-shaped guide plate 84 is also provided at the bottom of the L-shaped plate 81. During operation, the guide plate pushes away the debris and loose soil brought out by the planting cylinder on the film and backfills the holes. The brush 85 sweeps the soil flat, which plays a role in pressing the film, shading light, and inhibiting weed growth.

[0057] like Figure 15 As shown in the figure, the sowing diagram is before and after using the soil cleaning and sweeping components. After use, the number of holes on the film can be reduced to a certain extent, and the holes of the film can be backfilled and covered in real time, which maximizes the airtightness of the film and effectively maintains the core functions of film covering for heat preservation and moisture retention.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the transmission mechanism includes a gearbox 14, several chains, sprockets, and auxiliary shafts. The tractor transmits power to the gearbox via a universal drive shaft. The gearbox distributes the power rationally through multiple sets of chains, sprockets, and auxiliary shafts, transmitting it to the transmission box 211 of the rotary tillage assembly, the leveling roller 222 of the ridging assembly, the third transmission roller 64 of the seeding assembly, and the transmission chain of the seed metering assembly 52. ​​The film pressing support wheel 11 transmits power to the second transmission roller 321 of the feeding assembly through several chains, sprockets, and auxiliary shafts, realizing the synchronous linkage of fertilization, pesticide application, and sowing operations.

[0059] More specifically, the working process of this invention is as follows: The tractor pulls the seeder, which is powered by a universal joint drive shaft. Before starting work, the drip irrigation system and plastic film are manually pulled out and secured at the edge of the field, and then work begins. Rotary tillage, fertilization, pesticide application, and ridging: The inner and outer plow teeth work together with the rotary tillage component 21 to break up the soil. At the same time, fertilizer and granular pesticides are applied to the middle of the rotary tilled soil through the collection pipe 34 and the fertilizer application pipe 35, to a depth 5-8 cm greater than the sowing depth. The ridging board gathers the soil into trapezoidal ridges 9, and then the flat roller 222 flattens the top of the ridge.

[0060] Pipe laying and film covering: The drip pipe is laid on the top of the ridge via guide wheel 412, the film covering roller 42 covers the mulch film on the ridge, the film pressing support wheel 43 presses the edges, and the soil covering board 44 covers the edges with soil.

[0061] Seed collection and seed placement: The seed scoop 524 of the seed placement component 52 scoops the potato seed from the seed box 51, and the seed seed is mechanically replenished by the seed replenishment box 512 and vibrated and cleaned by the vibrating wheel 54 to ensure that each potato seed falls into the seed placement tube 522.

[0062] Sowing by inserting holes in the film: The third drive roller 64 drives the connecting rod group 61, which drives the duckbill type seed inserter 62 to swing back and forth, piercing the film and inserting it into the soil for sowing.

[0063] Soil cleaning and sweeping: The scraper of the soil cleaning component removes the soil adhering to the outer wall of the duckbill-type seeding cylinder 62, and the sweeping component 8 sweeps away the debris on the film and the loose soil brought out by the seeding cylinder, and backfills the holes.

[0064] In summary, this invention completes all operations—rotary tillage, ridging, fertilization, pesticide application, pipe laying, mulching, sowing, and soil covering—in a single machine, achieving full mechanization of potato planting and greatly improving sowing efficiency.

[0065] All aspects not detailed herein are well-known to those skilled in the art. Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this invention and not intended to limit it. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A potato mulching planter, comprising a frame (1) and a transmission mechanism, wherein the frame is connected to a tractor via a three-point suspension (13), characterized in that: The frame is equipped with a rotary tillage and ridging device (2), a fertilizer and pesticide application device (3), a pipe laying and mulching device, a seed metering device (5), and a seed transplanting device (6). The rotary tillage and ridging device (2) includes a rotary tillage component (21) and a ridging component (22) disposed at the bottom of the frame (1). The rotary tillage component is disposed at the front end of the frame (1), and the ridging component is disposed at the rear side of the rotary tillage component. The fertilization and pesticide application device (3) includes a material box (31), a feeding assembly (32), a hose (33) and a fertilizer application pipe (35). The material box is fixed on the frame (1). The material box supplies fertilizer to the fertilizer application pipe (35) through the feeding assembly (32) and the hose (33). The fertilizer application pipe is set in the middle of the rotary tillage assembly (21) to drop the fertilizer into the soil layer in the middle of the soil ridge (9). The pipe-laying and film-covering device includes a drip roller (41) and a film-covering roller (42) mounted on a frame (1). The film-covering roller is rotatably connected to the bottom of the frame and located on the rear side of the ridging assembly (22) to lay the drip and film on the soil ridge (9). The seed metering device (5) includes a seed box (51) and a seed metering assembly (52). The seed insertion device (6) includes a connecting rod assembly (61) and a duckbill-type seed insertion cylinder (62) fixed on the connecting rod assembly. The seed metering assembly (52) sequentially feeds the potato seeds into the duckbill-type seed insertion cylinder. The transmission mechanism drives the connecting rod assembly (61) and the duckbill-type seed insertion cylinder to swing back and forth. The duckbill-type seed insertion cylinder pierces the film for seed insertion.

2. The potato mulching planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary tillage assembly (21) includes a transmission box (211), a first transmission roller (212), and rotary tillage teeth (213). The transmission box is fixed at the middle position of the bottom of the frame (1). A first transmission roller (212) is rotatably connected to both sides of the transmission box and the frame. Several rotary tillage teeth are fixed on the first transmission roller. An inner plow tooth (214) is fixed on the front side wall of the transmission box. An outer plow tooth (215) is fixed on the frame at the outer ends of the two first transmission rollers. The inner and outer plow teeth are bent forward.

3. The potato mulching planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ridging assembly (22) includes a ridging plate (221) and a leveling roller (222). There are two ridging plates, which are fixed on the frame (1) on both sides respectively. The two ridging plates are inclined from the outside to the inside from front to back and from the inside to the outside from top to bottom. The leveling roller (222) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the frame (1) and located in the upper middle part of the ridging plate (221). Several sets of evenly distributed circumferential leveling plates (223) are fixed on the leveling roller. The leveling plates are rubber plates. The ridging assembly (22) gathers the soil dispersed by the rotary tillage assembly (21) into a terrace shape.

4. The potato mulching planter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material box (31) is fixed with a partition that divides the material box into a medicine area and a fertilizer area. The bottom of the material box (31) is provided with a discharge port. The discharge assembly (32) is fixed on the discharge port. A V-shaped collection pipe (34) is fixed on the frame (1). The discharge assembly is connected to the collection pipe through a hose (33). The bottom of the collection pipe is connected to the fertilizer pipe (35). The fertilizer pipe is fixed on the rear side wall of the inner plow teeth (214). The feeding assembly (32) includes a second drive roller (321) and several feeding seats (322). The second drive roller is rotatably connected to the frame (1). Each feeding port has a feeding seat fixed at its bottom. The feeding seat (322) is equipped with a feeding gear. The second drive roller (321) passes through each feeding seat and the feeding gear and is fixedly connected to the feeding gear. The second drive roller drives the feeding gear to rotate and feed the material.

5. The potato mulching planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip roller (41) is mounted on the frame (1). A guide tube (411) is also fixed on the frame. A guide wheel (412) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the guide tube to guide the drip on the drip roller to the underside of the film covering roller (42). The film covering roller is located on the side above the tail of the ridging board (221). Two film pressing support wheels (11) are provided on the frame behind the ridging board. A soil covering plate (12) is provided on each side of the tail of the frame. The film covering roller lays the film and drip on the top of the soil ridge (9). The two film pressing support wheels press the film on both sides of the soil ridge. The soil covering plate at the tail of the frame moves forward with the frame to complete the soil covering. The film pressing support wheel is also used to support the entire frame to move with the tractor.

6. The potato mulching planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seeding assembly (52) is provided in two sets. Each set of seeding assemblies includes a support frame (521), a seed scoop (524), and a seed dropping tube (522). The support frame is fixed on the frame (1). A vertical conveyor chain (523) is provided on the support frame. Several seed scoops are evenly distributed and fixed on the conveyor chain. The seed dropping tube is fixed on the support frame. The seed dropping tube vertically covers one side of the conveyor chain (523). The other side of the conveyor chain (523) is located inside the seed box (51). The bottom of the seed dropping tube (522) faces the duckbill-type seed inserter (62). The conveyor chain drives the seed scoop to circulate. The seed scoop (524) scoops up the potato seed from the seed box (51) and pours it into the seed dropping tube (522).

7. The potato mulching planter according to claim 6, characterized in that: The seed box (51) has a trapezoidal longitudinal section, which is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The seed box includes an outer box (511) and a replanting box (512). The replanting box is fixed on a support frame (521). The bottom of the replanting box has two through holes (513) corresponding to two conveyor chains (523). When the seed spoon (524) on the conveyor chain moves in a cycle, it first passes through the outer box (511) and then through the through holes (513) and the replanting box (512). Two motors (53) are fixed on the frame (1), and a vibrating wheel (54) is fixed on the output shaft of each motor. The two vibrating wheels (54) are located between a transmission chain (523) and the vibrating wheels are in contact with the transmission chain on one side of the seed box.

8. The potato mulching planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame (1) is rotatably connected to a third transmission roller (64). The third transmission roller drives the connecting rod group (61) and the duckbill-type seeding cylinder (62) to swing back and forth through a chain, sprocket and eccentric wheel (63). The duckbill-type seeding cylinder is in the shape of an inverted cone. The rear of the frame is provided with a soil cleaning component (7) and a soil sweeping component (8). The soil cleaning component cleans the soil that sticks to the duckbill-type seeding cylinder when it swings and inserts the seed. The soil sweeping component sweeps the soil on the film.

9. The potato mulching planter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The soil cleaning component (7) is provided in two sets, each corresponding to a duckbill-type seed inserter (62). The soil cleaning component (7) includes a scraper (72), a support plate (71), and an adjusting plate (73). The support plate is fixed at the tail of the frame (1). The upper end of the scraper is hinged to the upper end of the support plate. The adjusting plate (73) is set between the scraper (72) and the support plate (71). The support plate is provided with an adjusting bolt. The end of the adjusting bolt (74) is rotatably connected to the adjusting plate. A buffer spring (75) is fixed between the adjusting plate and the scraper. The lower end of the scraper (72) is inclined toward the duckbill-type seed inserter (62). The sweeping assembly (8) includes an L-shaped plate (81), an inclined plate (82), and a connecting rod (83). The L-shaped plate is hinged to the middle of the rear of the frame (1). A brush (85) is fixed to the end of the L-shaped plate. The inclined plate is fixed to the rear of the frame and tilts outward. A strip hole is provided on the inclined plate (82). One end of the connecting rod (83) is hinged to the top of the L-shaped plate (81), and the other end is inserted into the strip hole. The connecting rod (83) has several pin holes. The connecting rod is limited on the inclined plate (82) by two pin shafts. A V-shaped guide plate (84) is also provided at the bottom of the L-shaped plate (81).

10. The potato mulching planter according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism includes a gearbox (14), several chains, sprockets and auxiliary shafts. The tractor transmits power to the gearbox through a universal drive shaft. The gearbox transmits power to the transmission box (211), the flattening roller (222), the third transmission roller (64) and the seed metering assembly (52) through several chains, sprockets and auxiliary shafts. The film pressing support wheel (11) transmits power to the second transmission roller (321) through several chains, sprockets and auxiliary shafts.

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