Anti-interference array antenna of satellite navigation receiver

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-interference array antenna of a satellite navigation receiver, which relates to the technical field of satellite navigation and comprises a radiation element, a ceramic substrate, an array element base and a metal bottom plate, a threaded hole is formed in the upper portion of the array element base, and a first slotted pan head screw is arranged in the threaded hole. The array element base is provided with a ceramic substrate and a radiation element through a slotted pan head screw I; the radiation element is positioned above the ceramic substrate; a central antenna array element is mounted at the central position of the top of the metal bottom plate, and a choke ring is arranged on the outer side of the central antenna array element; and an SMA connector is mounted below the slotted pan head screw I. Hardware-level mutual coupling suppression is realized by combining the multilayer microstrip antenna with the EBG choke ring and optimizing the arrangement of the antenna array elements, and by optimizing the hardware structure, the mutual coupling interference between the array elements is reduced from the source, the performance of the antenna is improved, and the interference positioning problem in an unknown mutual coupling environment is solved. Interference can be accurately and quickly positioned and suppressed, and the anti-interference capability of the antenna is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of satellite navigation, in particular to an anti-interference array antenna of a satellite navigation receiver. BACKGROUND

[0002] The anti-interference array antenna is increasingly important in the satellite navigation system, especially in the application of complex electromagnetic environment, high anti-interference and high-precision positioning requirements. The traditional satellite navigation antenna is easy to be interfered to cause channel blockage, resulting in the loss of navigation and positioning function of the system, especially in the navigation application with high demand in the military scene. Therefore, the anti-interference array antenna is widely used.

[0003] The ordinary satellite navigation antenna adopts a single antenna array element to receive satellite signals, which is easy to be interfered by the same frequency high-power interference signal, causing the saturation of the subsequent processing channel, thereby losing the ability to receive signals. The anti-interference array antenna adopts multiple array elements at different positions to receive satellite signals or high-power interference signals, utilizes the difference of the received signals at different array element positions, provides interference filtering to the rear end, thereby avoiding the early saturation of the receiving channel, and realizing the anti-interference processing of signals. SUMMARY

[0004] The application provides an anti-interference array antenna of a satellite navigation receiver, which solves the problem that the prior art is easy to be interfered by the same frequency high-power interference signal, resulting in the loss of the ability to receive signals, realizes the difference of the received signals at different array element positions, and realizes the technical effect of signal anti-interference.

[0005] The application provides an anti-interference array antenna of a satellite navigation receiver, which comprises a radiation element, a ceramic substrate, an array element base and a metal bottom plate. A threaded hole is formed above the array element base, and a slotted head screw one is arranged in the threaded hole. The array element base is provided with the ceramic substrate and the radiation element through the slotted head screw one; and the radiation element is located above the ceramic substrate. A central antenna array element is arranged at the top center position of the metal bottom plate, and a choke ring is arranged outside the central antenna array element. An SMA connector is arranged below the slotted head screw one.

[0006] Further, a plurality of threaded holes are formed above the radiation element, a slotted head screw two is arranged in each threaded hole, and a flat washer and a spring washer are arranged between the threaded hole and the slotted head screw two.

[0007] Further, a plurality of antenna array elements are arranged at the top positions around the metal bottom plate, the included angle between any two adjacent antenna array elements is 120 degrees, and the center distance of each antenna array element and the central antenna array element is the same.

[0008] Further, the threaded hole and the slotted head screw are sleeved with a flat washer and a spring washer.

[0009] Further, the radiating element adopts an epoxy glass copper-clad plate with a thickness of 1.5 mm, uses a multi-layer coupling aperture microstrip antenna design, increases an electromagnetic coupling layer on the basis of retaining a thin structure, the surface of the epoxy glass copper-clad plate is plated with a metal layer with a diameter of 46 mm as a signal receiving unit, and the thickness of the metal layer is 0.01 mm.

[0010] Further, the antenna array elements adopt an extended Y array layout and are symmetrically distributed, and the center distance of each antenna array element and the center antenna array element is equal.

[0011] Further, the ceramic substrate uses an alumina ceramic with a thickness of 4 mm, a diameter of 70 mm, and a dielectric constant of 10, and the array element base adopts a 2A12 aluminum alloy material with a side length of 70 mm and a thickness of 5 mm, and is coated with a nano-level insulating coating on the surface.

[0012] Further, the SMA connector is connected with the feeding part of the radiating element in a welding manner, and the SMA connector is internally integrated with an electromagnetic shielding ring to reduce signal transmission loss.

[0013] One or more technical solutions provided in the application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: Hardware-level mutual coupling suppression is realized by combining the multi-layer microstrip antenna with the EBG choke ring and the optimized arrangement of the antenna array elements, the mutual coupling interference between the array elements is reduced from the source, and the performance of the antenna is improved. The amplified signal modeling and block sparse optimization are embedded into the array signal processing flow to solve the interference positioning problem in the unknown mutual coupling environment. The fusion of the algorithm enables the antenna to accurately and quickly position and suppress interference in a complex electromagnetic environment, improves the anti-interference ability of the antenna, improves the anti-interference depth, and reduces power consumption (partly replaced by hardware isolation). The significant improvement in performance enables the antenna to better meet the needs of the satellite navigation receiver, while reducing energy consumption and improving system efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a whole schematic view of the satellite navigation receiver anti-interference array antenna in the embodiment of the application; Figure 2 It is a partial schematic view of the satellite navigation receiver anti-interference array antenna in the embodiment of the application; Reference numerals: 1-radiation element, 2-ceramic substrate, 3-array element base, 4-SMA connector, 5-slotted pan head screw one, 6-slotted pan head screw two, 7-flat washer, 8-spring washer, 9-metal base plate, 10-antenna array element, 11-central antenna array element, 12-choking ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present application, the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the relevant drawings; the preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, but the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein; on the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0016] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs; the terms used herein in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application; the term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0017] Example one: as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 A satellite navigation receiver anti-jamming array antenna, the antenna comprises a radiation element 1, a ceramic substrate 2, an array element base 3 and a metal base plate 9; the array element base 3 is provided with a threaded hole above, and the threaded hole is provided with a slotted pan head screw one 5; the array element base 3 is provided with a ceramic substrate 2 and a radiation element 1 through the slotted pan head screw one 5; the radiation element 1 is located above the ceramic substrate 2; a central antenna array element 11 is installed at the top center position of the metal base plate 9, and a choking ring 12 is arranged outside the central antenna array element 11; the slotted pan head screw one 5 is provided with an SMA connector 4 below.

[0018] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the antenna is directly proportional to the accuracy of the specific application receiver. The design of the present antenna considers that B3, S satellite signals can pass through, and the actual manufacturing bandwidth of the antenna is greater than the B3, S satellite signal bandwidth range.

[0019] The antenna selects a thin microstrip antenna, and in the case that the antenna index meets the requirements, the thickness of the structure part of the microstrip antenna is minimized. The antenna feed port adopts SMA form, by comparing the height of the output straight head SMA socket connected with the elbow SMA wire plug and the output elbow SMA socket connected with the straight head SMA wire plug, it is determined that the output elbow SMA socket connected with the straight head SMA wire plug can realize the lowest height.

[0020] Receiving signals over a wide range requires an antenna with a very wide beam, and achieving wide-angle circular polarization is the main technical challenge. To address this, a microstrip antenna structure with coupled aperture was employed. This structure features a completely separate feed network from the antenna patch, resulting in low cross-polarization levels and good beam and bandwidth performance. Simulation results show that the main technical specifications largely meet the requirements, with a 6dB circular polarization bandwidth of 50 to 60 degrees. For low elevation gain, aperture coupling is used, and simulation results show a low elevation gain (5dB) exceeding 0dB within the bandwidth. Considering antenna efficiency and polarization loss, an antenna gain of -5dB can be achieved.

[0021] In some embodiments, a plurality of threaded holes are provided above the radiating element 1, and a slotted pan head screw 6 is provided in each threaded hole. A flat washer 7 and a spring washer 8 are fitted between the threaded hole and the slotted pan head screw 6. A flat washer 7 and a spring washer 8 are fitted between the threaded hole and the slotted pan head screw 5.

[0022] In some embodiments, a plurality of antenna elements 10 are mounted around the top perimeter of the metal base plate 9, with an included angle of 120 degrees between any two adjacent antenna elements 10; the center distance between each antenna element 10 and the central antenna element 11 is the same. The antenna metal base plate 9 is made of 5A06 aluminum alloy, which has good corrosion resistance and rigidity, and its surface treatment is conductive oxidation, providing good conductivity. A choke ring 12 is provided on the metal base plate 9 to isolate the electromagnetic signals between the plurality of antenna elements 11, reducing the mutual coupling influence between the elements. The antenna elements 11 are mounted on the metal base plate 9 with screws. The metal base plate 9 is made of high-quality technical materials and serves as a radiating plate and structural support.

[0023] In some embodiments, the array layout of the anti-interference antenna array determines the isolation between array elements and its own radiation direction characteristics. A good array layout can not only reduce coupling between antenna elements and reduce interference between array elements, but also help improve the radiation pattern characteristics when the signals received by the array elements are combined. The spacing between anti-interference antenna array elements needs to meet two conditions simultaneously: the beam pointing should not produce excessively large grating lobes; and the requirements of the adaptive filtering algorithm should be met. The grating lobe-free constraint criterion for beamforming is: Where D is the spacing between antenna elements, For wavelength, Where is the maximum beam scanning angle and N is the number of array elements. Assuming a maximum beam scanning angle of 60 degrees, when N=2, When N=3, It's important to note that N represents the number of elements in one direction, not the total number of elements. For a 2x2 four-element antenna array, N=2. Based on engineering experience, the interference immunity of an antenna array is not significantly related to the antenna's low elevation gain; rather, it is closely related to the element spacing. A larger element spacing results in lower mutual coupling and better interference immunity. However, to avoid grating lobes, the antenna spacing cannot exceed [a certain value]. Here we adjust the spacing between array elements to In this embodiment, the array is in the form of a Y-shaped array.

[0024] In some embodiments, because individual antenna elements are spatially positioned differently, the signals received by different elements differ in phase and power. Based on these signal differences, the back-end processing unit calculates the optimal weighting value for each path. By assigning different complex variable weights to each signal, the signals are artificially altered to perform interference cancellation during adaptive array weight convergence. Ideally, the null point of the radiation pattern is aligned with the direction of arrival of the interference. For the antenna components, it is only necessary to ensure precise element spacing and angles, and that the four signals sent out by the antenna components are processed consistently within the antenna components, i.e., good channel consistency.

[0025] In some embodiments, an extended Y-array layout is adopted, increasing the number of array elements from the original 4 to 7. Specifically, the layout consists of one main array element in the center and six auxiliary array elements distributed symmetrically in a hexagonal pattern on the periphery. This layout can better receive and process satellite signals, improve the antenna's directivity and gain, and strictly limit the spacing between array elements.

[0026] The choke ring 12 at each element position of the reflector is upgraded to a double-ring choke groove, and the depth is optimized to... The double-ring choke slot can more effectively suppress surface wave propagation and reduce mutual coupling interference between array elements. Filling the array elements with periodic mushroom-shaped EBG (electromagnetic bandgap) cells reduces the mutual coupling strength to below -35dB. The EBG structure can block the propagation of electromagnetic waves at specific frequencies, thereby reducing the mutual coupling effect between array elements and improving antenna performance.

[0027] The array elements are fixed with titanium alloy screws, the screws of which are filled with absorbing material to suppress secondary reflections. The absorbing material absorbs reflected electromagnetic waves, reducing their impact on antenna performance. The feed line uses a double-shielded coaxial cable, with channel consistency error controlled within ±0.5dB, down from the original ±2dB. The double-shielded coaxial cable effectively reduces interference during signal transmission and improves signal transmission stability.

[0028] In some embodiments, the radiating element 1 is made of epoxy glass copper-clad foil with a thickness of 1.5 mm and uses a multi-layer coupled aperture microstrip antenna design. An electromagnetic coupling layer is added while retaining the thin structure to improve the antenna performance. A metal layer with a diameter of 46 mm is plated on the surface of the epoxy glass copper-clad foil as a signal receiving unit, which can improve the signal receiving sensitivity of the B3 / S band. The thickness of the metal layer is 0.01 mm.

[0029] In some embodiments, the antenna array elements 10 adopt an extended Y-array layout, symmetrically distributed; the center distance between each antenna array element 10 and the center antenna array element 11 is equal. The ceramic substrate 2 uses alumina ceramic with a thickness of 4mm, a diameter of 70mm, and a dielectric constant of 10. The dielectric constant can be changed to enhance signal focusing capability, making signal transmission more stable and efficient. The array element base 3 is made of 2A12 aluminum alloy, with a side length of 70mm and a thickness of 5mm, and its surface is coated with a nano-level insulating coating, effectively reducing ground plane interference and improving the antenna's anti-interference performance. The SMA connector 4 is connected to the feed section of the radiating element 1 by welding. The SMA connector 4 integrates an electromagnetic shielding ring to reduce signal transmission loss.

[0030] In some embodiments, the antenna uses an adaptive anti-interference algorithm for signal processing. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Amplified signal construction. The received signals of several antenna array elements 10 (taking 7 antenna array elements as an example) are concatenated with their conjugate signals to generate a 14-dimensional amplified vector, which is compatible with the strict non-circular characteristics of satellite signals.

[0031] Step 2: Block Sparse Interference Localization. Based on the spatial sparsity of the signal, the interference direction is optimized using the L1 norm (Lasso regression): a sampling grid covering 0 degrees to 360 degrees is established (with intervals of 5 degrees) to locate non-zero interference blocks; the interference azimuth angle is directly output. Skip the estimation of mutual coupling coefficients.

[0032] Step 3: Interference Covariance Reconstruction. The amplified interference plus noise covariance matrix is ​​reconstructed using the positioning results, preserving the satellite signal subspace.

[0033] Step 4: Subspace Projection Filtering. Decompose the amplified interference plus noise covariance matrix to obtain the interference subspace projection matrix; project the received signal onto its orthogonal complement space to separate the clean satellite signal.

[0034] Step 5: Dynamic weight calculation. Based on the projected signal and covariance matrix, calculate the complex weights of the 7 array elements to ensure that the null point of the radiation pattern is accurately aligned with the interference direction.

[0035] In this embodiment, hardware-level mutual coupling suppression is achieved through a multi-layer microstrip antenna combined with an EBG choke loop and optimized arrangement of antenna elements, reducing the pressure on back-end algorithm compensation. Hardware structure optimization reduces mutual coupling interference between elements at the source, improving antenna performance. Amplified signal modeling and block sparsity optimization are embedded into the array signal processing flow to solve the interference localization problem in unknown mutual coupling environments. Algorithm fusion enables the antenna to accurately and quickly locate and suppress interference in complex electromagnetic environments, improving its anti-interference capability. This increases the anti-interference depth while reducing power consumption (due to hardware isolation replacing some computation). The significant performance improvement allows the antenna to better meet the needs of satellite navigation receivers, while reducing energy consumption and improving system efficiency.

[0036] This solution, through enhanced hardware isolation and innovative signal processing algorithms, significantly improves the robustness against interference in complex electromagnetic environments while retaining the original design's advantages of wide beamwidth and low profile, providing a more reliable and efficient anti-interference solution for satellite navigation receivers.

[0037] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-interference array antenna for a satellite navigation receiver, characterized in that, include: The antenna includes a radiating element (1), a ceramic substrate (2), an array element base (3), and a metal base plate (9). The array element base (3) has a threaded hole on its upper part, and a slotted pan head screw (5) is placed in the threaded hole. The array element base (3) is equipped with a ceramic substrate (2) and a radiating element (1) by a slotted pan head screw (5); the radiating element (1) is located above the ceramic substrate (2); A central antenna element (11) is installed at the top center of the metal base plate (9), and a choke ring (12) is provided on the outside of the central antenna element (11). An SMA connector (4) is installed below the slotted pan head screw (5).

2. The anti-interference array antenna for a satellite navigation receiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The radiation element (1) has several threaded holes on its top. Each threaded hole contains a slotted pan head screw (6). A flat washer (7) and a spring washer (8) are fitted between the threaded hole and the slotted pan head screw (6).

3. The anti-interference array antenna for a satellite navigation receiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Several antenna array elements (10) are installed around the top of the metal base plate (9), and the included angle between any two adjacent antenna array elements (10) is 120 degrees.

4. The anti-interference array antenna for a satellite navigation receiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A flat washer (7) and a spring washer (8) are fitted between the threaded hole and the slotted pan head screw (5).

5. The anti-interference array antenna for a satellite navigation receiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating element (1) is made of epoxy glass copper foil with a thickness of 1.5 mm and uses a multi-layer coupled aperture microstrip antenna design. An electromagnetic coupling layer is added on the basis of retaining the thin structure. A metal layer with a diameter of 46 mm is plated on the surface of the epoxy glass copper foil as a signal receiving unit. The thickness of the metal layer is 0.01 mm.

6. The anti-interference array antenna for a satellite navigation receiver as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The antenna array elements (10) adopt an extended Y array layout and are symmetrically distributed; the center distance between each antenna array element (10) and the center antenna array element (11) is equal.

7. The anti-interference array antenna for a satellite navigation receiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic substrate (2) is made of alumina ceramic with a thickness of 4mm, a diameter of 70mm, and a dielectric constant of 10; the array element base (3) is made of 2A12 aluminum alloy with a side length of 70mm, a thickness of 5mm, and a nano-level insulating coating on the surface.

8. The anti-interference array antenna for a satellite navigation receiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The SMA connector (4) is connected to the power supply part of the radiating element (1) by welding. The SMA connector (4) integrates an electromagnetic shielding ring to reduce signal transmission loss.

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