Ballast water tank arrangement strategy capable of improving ship sinking resistance

Abstract

The invention relates to a ballast water tank arrangement strategy capable of improving ship sinking resistance, which is characterized in that a horizontal watertight partition plate is arranged in a gunwale tank of a double-bottom double-board ship, and the horizontal watertight partition plate is positioned at an outboard design waterline; the gunwale tank is divided into an upper void tank and a lower ballast water tank by the horizontal watertight partition plate, and the ballast water tank is filled with ballast water all the time. According to the double-bottom double-board ship side tank structure, under the condition that ballast tanks of a ship are filled with ballast water, when a single ballast tank and multiple ballast tanks are damaged or even all the ballast tanks are damaged, the floating state cannot be changed, and forward floating of the ship is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to double-bottom, double-hull vessels, specifically to a ballast water tank arrangement strategy that can improve the vessel's resistance to sinking. Background Technology

[0002] Ship buoyancy refers to a ship's ability to maintain a certain level of buoyancy and stability after being breached and flooded, ensuring that the ship does not sink or delays its sinking time, thereby guaranteeing safety. Nuclear power plants carry nuclear reactors, which operate under high temperature and pressure conditions during normal operation. In the event of a breach, coolant may leak, core cooling conditions may deteriorate, and in severe cases, core safety may be compromised. Double bottom and double hull structures, as a common ship structural form, can improve a ship's buoyancy to a certain extent.

[0003] Existing double-bottom, double-hull side tank structures often experience changes in the ship's buoyancy and loss of buoyancy when the side tanks are damaged, especially listing, which seriously threatens the ship's safety. When a side tank is damaged, seawater will flood in. Due to the lack of an effective separation structure, the seawater will flow freely within the side tank, causing the ship's center of gravity to shift and its buoyancy to become unbalanced. At the same time, the influx of seawater will increase the ship's weight, but because of the damaged area, the ship cannot effectively utilize this increased weight to provide sufficient buoyancy, resulting in loss of buoyancy and further exacerbating the ship's danger.

[0004] Due to the extremely serious consequences of hull breaches in nuclear-powered ships, international safety standards and regulations for nuclear-powered vessels are extremely stringent. International organizations such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) have formulated a series of relevant regulations and standards. The "Safety Code for Nuclear Merchant Ships" and the Russian Classification Society (RCS) impose even stricter requirements on the stability of nuclear-powered ships in the event of hull breaches, with the extent and depth of side and bottom breaches exceeding the IMO's SOLAS Convention standards. The "Safety Code for Nuclear Merchant Ships" stipulates that "in the final stage of a ship's immersion, the angle of heel due to asymmetric immersion should not exceed 15°, but if there is no immersion at the deck edge, this angle can be increased to a maximum of 17°." If the angle of heel exceeds 17 degrees, a transverse immersion device must be installed and transverse immersion calculations performed to correct the heel angle; this calculation involves numerous conditions and is complex.

[0005] Furthermore, if water ingress occurs in an asymmetrical location (such as a single-sided compartment), it may cause severe listing. According to the Classification Rules for Floating Facilities at Sea, winds from any direction must also be considered in this case. The wind-induced heeling moment at a speed of 25.8 m / s may cause the ship to list further, reducing the ship's safety.

[0006] As can be seen from the above, there is currently no ship structure that can maintain a buoyant or near-buoyant state after damage. Therefore, it is necessary to study a double-bottom, double-hull side compartment structure for nuclear power plants to meet the above requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a ballast water tank arrangement strategy that can improve the anti-sinking ability of ships. This ballast water tank arrangement strategy can ensure that the buoyancy of the ship will not change when the ballast tanks are full of ballast water, even if a single ballast tank, multiple ballast tanks, or even all ballast tanks are damaged, thus ensuring that the ship floats upright.

[0008] The technical solution adopted to achieve the purpose of this invention is a ballast water tank arrangement strategy that can improve the anti-sinking ability of ships. The ballast water tank arrangement strategy is to set a horizontal watertight bulkhead in the side tank of a double bottom and double hull ship. The horizontal watertight bulkhead is located at the design waterline outside the hull. The horizontal watertight bulkhead divides the internal space of the side tank into an empty tank above and a ballast water tank below. The ballast water tank is always filled with ballast water. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Maintaining upright buoyancy: When an empty side tank is damaged, since the empty tank is above the waterline, seawater will not enter the empty tank, the ship's displacement remains unchanged, and the undamaged ballast tanks are unaffected and still provide stable buoyancy. When a ballast tank is damaged, the original full ballast water and the incoming seawater work together to keep the overall buoyancy basically unchanged, thus ensuring that the buoyancy will not decrease when damaged. At the same time, the ballast water in the ballast tank can stabilize the ship's center of gravity, thereby maintaining the ship's upright buoyancy and preventing the ship from tilting. This is a key factor in improving the ship's resistance to sinking.

[0009] 2. Improved safety and buoyancy: When the ship is in a positive floating state and the buoyancy is not reduced, it can better cope with damage, giving the crew enough time to take emergency measures, which significantly improves the safety of the ship in the event of damage. At the same time, it greatly enhances the ship's buoyancy, enabling the ship to remain unsinkable for a longer period of time after damage.

[0010] 3. Simple and practical structure: This invention achieves the above-mentioned beneficial effects, including improving anti-sinking performance and maintaining the ship's upright buoyancy in the event of damage, simply by setting a horizontal watertight bulkhead at the waterline in the side tank and filling the ballast tank with ballast water. The structure is simple, easy to manufacture and install, and suitable for application on various double-bottom and double-hull ships with high ballast requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the side compartment structure of a double-bottom, double-hull ship with horizontal watertight bulkheads, as shown in the embodiment. Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA view. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0013] The ballast tank arrangement strategy of this invention, which improves the anti-sinking ability of ships, provides a ballast tank arrangement structure such as... Figure 1 As shown, the structure involves installing a horizontal watertight bulkhead 3 inside the side compartment of a double-bottom, double-hull vessel. The horizontal watertight bulkhead 3 is located at the design waterline outside the hull. The horizontal watertight bulkhead divides the internal space of the side compartment into an upper empty compartment 1 and a lower ballast water tank 2, which is always filled with ballast water. The horizontal watertight bulkhead 3 in this invention effectively prevents seawater from flowing between the empty tank 1 and the ballast water tank 2, providing a structural basis for improving anti-sinking resistance and ensuring that buoyancy does not decrease in the event of damage. The ballast water tank 2 in this invention is used to load ballast water and is always filled to approximately flush with the outer waterline. The full ballast water ensures that buoyancy does not decrease in the event of side tank damage, while maintaining the ship's center of gravity position and ensuring the ship's buoyancy and stability. During normal operation, the ballast water tank is filled with ballast water, ensuring the ship's stability and sufficient buoyancy. When a side tank is damaged, the full ballast water in the ballast water tank stabilizes the ship, and together with the horizontal watertight bulkhead, maintains the ship's upright buoyancy, thereby improving the ship's anti-sinking resistance and ensuring that buoyancy does not decrease.

[0014] A horizontal watertight bulkhead 3 divides the side compartment into an upper empty compartment 1 and a lower ballast water tank 2. The height of the empty compartment 1 is the distance from the waterline to the top of the ship's side. The height of the ballast water tank 2 is the distance from the waterline to the bottom of the ship. The ballast water tank 2 is equipped with inlet valves, outlet valves, and level gauges to control the inflow and outflow of ballast water to ensure it is full and to monitor the ballast water level. By ensuring it is full of ballast water, the buoyancy will not decrease in the event of a breach, thus enhancing the ship's resistance to sinking.

[0015] During normal ship operation, the ballast water tank 2 is kept full of ballast water by the inlet and outlet valves, ensuring the ship remains upright and has sufficient buoyancy. If a side tank is damaged, and the damage is in empty tank 1, seawater will not enter because empty tank 1 is above the waterline. The ballast water in the tank will still provide sufficient buoyancy, maintaining the ship's center of gravity and allowing it to remain upright. If the damage is in ballast water tank 2, seawater will enter, but since ballast water tank 2 was originally full, the entry of seawater will not reduce buoyancy. In this case, the ship will still remain upright, thus ensuring high resistance to sinking.

Claims

1. A ballast water tank arrangement strategy to improve the anti-sinking resistance of ships, characterized in that: A horizontal watertight bulkhead is installed in the side compartment of a double-bottom, double-hull vessel. The horizontal watertight bulkhead is located at the design waterline outside the hull. The horizontal watertight bulkhead divides the internal space of the side compartment into an empty compartment above and a ballast water tank below. The ballast water tank is always filled with ballast water.

2. The ballast water tank arrangement strategy for improving ship anti-sinking resistance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ballast water tank is equipped with an inlet valve, a drain valve, and a level gauge. The inlet valve and drain valve are used to control the inflow and outflow of ballast water to ensure that the tank is full of ballast water, and the level gauge is used to monitor the level of ballast water.

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