Ecological black carp breeding mode for reducing concentration of pollutants in water of breeding pond from source

Abstract

The invention relates to an ecological black carp breeding mode for reducing the concentration of pollutants in water of a breeding pond from the source. The ecological black carp breeding mode comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing the breeding pond; 2, cleaning and disinfecting the pond; 3, fry putting, namely putting the fry after disinfection, and carrying out polyculture on black carps, silver carps, bighead carps, snakeheads and hyriopsis cumingii; and 4, feed feeding, wherein the fed feed is black carp functional feed. And 5, pond management. According to the black carp ecological breeding mode for reducing the concentration of the pollutants in the water of the breeding pond from the source, source purification of the pollutants in the breeding water body, improvement of the feed utilization rate, shortening of the growth cycle of the black carps and dual improvement of the yield and the quality of the black carps are effectively achieved, and the remarkable superiority compared with the prior art is highlighted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture technology, and in particular to an ecological aquaculture model for grass carp that reduces the concentration of pollutants in aquaculture ponds from the source. Background Technology

[0002] As one of the "four major freshwater fish", grass carp is a high-quality freshwater fish. It is small in size, has few bones, and is easy to eat and process. At the same time, its flesh is tender and delicious. It is widely farmed in my country and is a traditional fish food in many regions. It has high economic value and is a famous and high-quality species with good farming benefits among major freshwater fish.

[0003] The Yangtze River Delta region is one of the important areas for grass carp farming in my country, and grass carp farming in the region is currently characterized by large-scale and intensive operations. Large-scale standardized grass carp farms are constantly increasing, and modern farming methods such as ponds and net cages are gradually replacing traditional small-scale pond farming.

[0004] Grass carp farming has also generated a series of environmental problems. The discharge and decomposition of large amounts of residual feed and excrement during the farming process leads to increases in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total carbon dioxide (COD) in the tailwater of grass carp farming. Mn Large amounts of pollutants are discharged into natural water bodies, causing eutrophication and resulting in low ecological benefits.

[0005] Therefore, how to achieve sustainable development in grass carp farming and reduce its negative environmental impact has become an urgent problem to be solved in the grass carp farming industry in the Yangtze River Delta region. Currently, there is no effective farming model to reduce TN, TP, and COD in the farmed fish wastewater at the source. Mn The emission of pollutants such as...

[0006] Therefore, an ecological farming model for grass carp was designed to reduce the concentration of pollutants in aquaculture ponds from the source, thus solving the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the above shortcomings, this invention provides an ecological farming model for grass carp that reduces pollutant concentrations in aquaculture ponds from the source, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Prepare the aquaculture pond;

[0009] Step 2: Clean and disinfect the pond;

[0010] Step 3: Planting seedlings:

[0011] The temperature is low in February, and the fish scales are tighter, making them less likely to be injured during netting. At the end of February, after disinfection, the fry are released and mixed with grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, snakehead, and triangular sail mussels.

[0012] The black carp mentioned are selectively bred black carp, and the standard for selectively bred black carp is that, under the same breeding conditions, their growth rate is more than 12.3% faster than that of the basic population in the Hanjiang River.

[0013] The stocking size for grass carp is: 300-400 two-year-old grass carp weighing 1kg each.

[0014] The stocking size of silver carp is 0.3 kg / fish, and 150 fish are stocked per mu (unit of land area).

[0015] The stocking size of the bighead carp is 0.3 kg / fish, and 100 fish are stocked per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares).

[0016] The stocking size for snakehead is 0.05 kg / fish, with 50 fish stocked per acre;

[0017] The size of the triangular sail mussels is about 10cm, and 20 mussels are stocked per acre.

[0018] Step 4: Feeding:

[0019] Feed the grass carp with a feed particle size of 5-10mm. First, train them to gather at the surface and compete for food, then collect them at the feeding platform and feed them at fixed points. The daily feeding rate should be based on their body weight.

[0020] The specific amount of feed should be adjusted in a timely manner according to changes in water quality, water temperature, feeding, activity, and fish diseases. Feed 3-4 times a day.

[0021] Step 5: Pond Management

[0022] Patrol the pond in the morning, noon, and evening to observe the fishpond and check the water quality. On sunny summer days, turn on the aerator for 2-3 hours at noon and on cloudy or rainy days at midnight. Increase the running time when fish are surfacing heavily. Regularly add fresh water, and the water quality should be "fertile, lively, tender, and refreshing". Use chemical and biological bottom improvement methods to ensure the health of the pond bottom. Regularly disinfect the entire pond with povidone-iodine or other disinfectants depending on the pond conditions. Regularly apply microecological preparations or feed supplements.

[0023] Preferably, the first step of preparing the aquaculture pond is as follows: select a pond with a solid, leak-proof embankment, sufficient sunlight, a flat bottom, and little silt, with a pond area of ​​5-10 mu, add clean and unpolluted water, with a water depth of 1.5-2.5m, and equip it with one 3kW impeller aerator and one feeder according to a ratio of 3-5 mu, and install a filter screen at the water inlet to prevent wild fish from entering the pond;

[0024] Preferably, the second step of pond cleaning and disinfection is as follows: take advantage of the winter off-season to freeze and sun-dry for several days, then add water to 30cm, sprinkle 150kg / mu of quicklime throughout the pond, then soak the pond for 3-5 days with 50kg / mu of tea seed cake, and then fill and drain the pond 2-3 times to remove residual drug toxicity.

[0025] Preferably, the disinfection process in the third step of stocking the fish involves disinfecting the fish with a solution of 1g / m³ before they are released into the pond. 3 bleaching powder and 8g / m 3 Soak in a copper sulfate solution for 20-30 minutes, or disinfect with 3-5% saline solution for 15 minutes.

[0026] Preferably, the feed given in the fourth step is a functional feed for grass carp.

[0027] Preferably, each 1000 portions of the aforementioned grass carp functional feed contains:

[0028] Goji berries, 50 servings;

[0029] Soybean meal, 235 portions;

[0030] Rapeseed meal, 400 portions;

[0031] Wheat flour, 169 portions;

[0032] Rice bran, 100 portions;

[0033] Soybean oil, 9 parts;

[0034] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts;

[0035] Choline, 2 parts;

[0036] Vitamin premix, 5 servings;

[0037] Mineral premix, 10 parts.

[0038] Preferably, the daily feed rate in the fourth step of feeding, which is based on body weight ratio, is specifically as follows: 1.5% in March, 2.0% in April, 3.0% in May, 4.5% in June, 5.5% in July, 6.5% in August, 5.0% in September, 3.0% in October, and 2.0% in November.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0040] The grass carp ecological farming model described in this invention, which reduces the concentration of pollutants in aquaculture ponds from the source, has the following advantages:

[0041] 1. An ecological aquaculture model for black carp, utilizing selected black carp, functional black carp feed, and polyculture with different proportions of silver carp, bighead carp, snakehead, and triangular sail mussels, can reduce total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the aquaculture water. Mn Reducing the concentration of TN, TP and CODMn by more than 26%, 20% and 31% at the source can reduce the emissions of TN, TP and CODMn in grass carp farming ponds by 1.24 kg / mu, 0.12 kg / mu and 4.83 kg / mu respectively.

[0042] 2. It significantly shortened the growth cycle of grass carp, and the growth rate of the new grass carp strain was more than 12.3% higher than that of the basic population, the Hanjiang population;

[0043] 3. Feed utilization rate increased by more than 10%, resulting in increased grass carp production;

[0044] 4. The total protein (TP) level, antioxidant capacity, and immune capacity in the blood of grass carp were all enhanced to varying degrees;

[0045] 5. This ecological aquaculture model for grass carp effectively purifies pollutants at the source in the aquaculture water, improves feed utilization, shortens the growth cycle of grass carp, and enhances both the yield and quality of grass carp, highlighting its significant advantages over existing technologies.

[0046] Instruction manual illustrations

[0047] Figure 1 The effects of functional feed on the growth performance of grass carp;

[0048] Common feed: ordinary feed; Goji berry: functional feed containing goji berries; Goji berry + mussel: polyculture of functional feed containing goji berries and triangular sail mussels;

[0049] Figure 2 The effects of functional feed on the growth performance and feed utilization of new grass carp strains;

[0050] Common: Unselected grass carp; New strain: Selected grass carp;

[0051] Figure 3 Effects of functional feed on total protein (TP) concentration in various tissues of grass carp;

[0052] The tissues of the grass carp include: kidneys; liver; muscles;

[0053] Figure 4 The effect of functional feed on the antioxidant capacity of grass carp;

[0054] Antioxidant capacity indicators: T-AOC content; CAT activity; SOD activity; MDA content; GSH content;

[0055] Figure 5 The effect of functional feed on the immunity of grass carp;

[0056] Immune markers: nitric oxide (NO); acid phosphatase (ACP); alkaline phosphatase (AKP); Detailed Implementation

[0057] Example

[0058] The ecological farming model for grass carp, which reduces the concentration of pollutants in aquaculture ponds at the source, includes the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Prepare the aquaculture pond;

[0060] The first step of preparing the aquaculture pond is as follows: Select a pond with a solid, leak-proof embankment, sufficient sunlight, a flat bottom, and little silt. The pond area should be 5-10 mu. Add clean, unpolluted water to a depth of 1.5-2.5m. According to the ratio of 3-5 mu, equip it with one 3kW impeller aerator and one feeder. Install a filter screen at the water inlet to prevent wild fish from entering the pond.

[0061] Step 2: Clean and disinfect the pond;

[0062] The second step of pond cleaning and disinfection is as follows: take advantage of the winter off-season to freeze and sun-dry for several days, then add water to 30cm, sprinkle 150kg / mu of quicklime throughout the pond, then soak the pond with 50kg / mu of tea seed cake for 3-5 days, and then fill and drain the pond 2-3 times to remove residual drug toxicity.

[0063] Step 3: Planting seedlings:

[0064] The temperature is lower in February, and the fish scales are tighter, making them less likely to be injured during netting. At the end of February, after disinfection, the fry are released and mixed with grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, snakehead, and triangular sail mussels.

[0065] The disinfection process in the third step of stocking the fish involves using a 1g / m³ disinfectant before the fish are released into the pond. 3 bleaching powder and 8g / m 3 Soak in a copper sulfate solution for 20-30 minutes, or disinfect with 3-5% saline solution for 15 minutes.

[0066] The black carp mentioned are selectively bred black carp, and the standard for selectively bred black carp is that, under the same breeding conditions, their growth rate is more than 12.3% faster than that of the basic population in the Hanjiang River.

[0067] The stocking size for grass carp is: 300-400 two-year-old grass carp weighing 1kg each.

[0068] The stocking size of silver carp is 0.3 kg / fish, and 150 fish are stocked per mu (unit of land area).

[0069] The stocking size of the bighead carp is 0.3 kg / fish, and 100 fish are stocked per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares).

[0070] The stocking size for snakehead is 0.05 kg / fish, with 50 fish stocked per acre;

[0071] The size of the triangular sail mussels is about 10cm, and 20 mussels are stocked per acre.

[0072] Step 4: Feeding: Feed the grass carp with a particle size of 5-10mm. First, train them to gather at the surface and compete for food, then collect them at the feeding platform and feed them at fixed points. The daily feeding rate should be based on their body weight.

[0073] The specific amount of feed should be adjusted in a timely manner according to changes in water quality, water temperature, feeding, activity, and fish diseases. Feed 3-4 times a day.

[0074] Step 5: Pond Management: Patrol the pond in the morning, noon, and evening, observe the pond, and check the water quality. On sunny summer days, turn on the aerator for 2-3 hours at noon, and on cloudy or rainy days, turn it on at midnight. Increase the operating time when fish are surfacing heavily. Regularly add fresh water, and the water quality should be "fertile, lively, tender, and refreshing". Use chemical and biological bottom improvement methods to ensure the health of the pond bottom. Regularly disinfect the entire pond with povidone-iodine or other disinfectants depending on the pond conditions. Regularly apply microecological preparations or feed supplements.

[0075] Preferably, preferably, preferably, preferably, the feed used in the fourth step of feeding is a functional feed for grass carp.

[0076] Preferably, each 1000 portions of the aforementioned grass carp functional feed contains:

[0077] Goji berries, 50 servings;

[0078] Soybean meal, 235 portions;

[0079] Rapeseed meal, 400 portions;

[0080] Wheat flour, 169 portions;

[0081] Rice bran, 100 portions;

[0082] Soybean oil, 9 parts;

[0083] Calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts;

[0084] Choline, 2 parts;

[0085] Vitamin premix, 5 servings;

[0086] Mineral premix, 10 parts.

[0087] The daily feed rate in the fourth step of feeding, which is based on body weight, is specifically as follows: 1.5% in March, 2.0% in April, 3.0% in May, 4.5% in June, 5.5% in July, 6.5% in August, 5.0% in September, 3.0% in October, and 2.0% in November.

[0088] The aforementioned functional feed for grass carp is based on a basic feed, with some of its components adjusted by adding wolfberries.

[0089] The nutritional levels of the aforementioned functional feed for grass carp are as follows:

[0090] Crude protein contains CP3 1.10%;

[0091] Crude fat contains 3.83% EE;

[0092] The nitrogen-free extract contains 49.94% NFE;

[0093] Crude fiber content is 6.7%;

[0094] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in this invention are commercially available or are conventionally selected.

[0095] Case

[0096] In aquaculture ponds within the core area of ​​the "two districts and one county" (Wujiang District, Qingpu District, and Jiashan County) of the Yangtze River Delta Ecological Green Integrated Development, monoculture and ecological farming of grass carp were conducted. The contents of TN, TP, and CODMn in the aquaculture water were measured under both conditions. The reduction of TN, TP, and CODMn in the aquaculture water under ecological farming was compared with that under monoculture of grass carp. At the same time, the growth rate and product yield under different modes were measured and compared. The results are shown in the table below.

[0097] Comparison of water quality index data and pollutant reduction in a certain single-breeding and ecological aquaculture pond within the "two zones and one county" of the Yangtze River Delta ecological and green integrated development.

[0098]

[0099] After feeding with functional feed, the growth rate and feed utilization rate of grass carp both increased significantly (e.g., Figure 1 (As shown in the table). The wolfberry functional feed increased the feed intake of grass carp and significantly promoted their growth. The growth rate and feed utilization rate of the mussel + wolfberry feed group were higher than those of the wolfberry feed group, indicating that the fish-mussel polyculture model promotes the feeding and growth of grass carp.

[0100] After feeding the new strain of grass carp with functional feed, the growth rate and feed utilization rate of the new strain of grass carp both increased significantly by more than 10% (see...). Figure 2 The wolfberry functional feed not only increased the feed intake of grass carp but also significantly promoted their growth. This indicates that feeding the new strain of grass carp with wolfberry feed can significantly improve their growth performance and feed utilization.

[0101] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the levels of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and carbon dioxide (CODMn) in the water were significantly reduced in the ecological aquaculture model for black carp compared to monoculture, with reduction rates all exceeding 20%, and reductions of 1.24 kg / mu, 0.12 kg / mu, and 4.83 kg / mu, respectively. Simultaneously, the growth cycle of black carp was shortened under this model, with the new strain growing more than 12.3% faster than the baseline population. Feed utilization also improved by approximately 10% during the aquaculture process. Furthermore, the total protein (TP) level, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in the blood of black carp were all enhanced to varying degrees under this model. This ecological aquaculture model for grass carp effectively purifies pollutants at the source in the aquaculture water, improves feed utilization, shortens the growth cycle of grass carp, and enhances both the yield and quality of grass carp. It highlights the significant advantages over existing technologies and lays a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the grass carp aquaculture industry in the Yangtze River Delta region.

[0102] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0103] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0104] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological farming model for grass carp that reduces pollutant concentrations in aquaculture ponds at the source. Its features are, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the aquaculture pond; Step 2: Clean and disinfect the pond; Step 3: Planting seedlings: The temperature is low in February, and the fish scales are tighter, making them less likely to be injured during netting. At the end of February, after disinfection, the fry are released and mixed with grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, snakehead, and triangular sail mussels. The black carp mentioned are selectively bred black carp, and the standard for selectively bred black carp is that, under the same breeding conditions, their growth rate is more than 12.3% faster than that of the basic population in the Hanjiang River. The stocking size for grass carp is: 300-400 two-year-old grass carp weighing 1kg each. The stocking size of silver carp is 0.3 kg / fish, and 150 fish are stocked per mu (unit of land area). The stocking size of the bighead carp is 0.3 kg / fish, and 100 fish are stocked per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). The stocking size for snakehead is 0.05 kg / fish, with 50 fish stocked per acre; The size of the triangular sail mussels is about 10cm, and 20 mussels are stocked per acre. Step 4: Feeding: Feed the grass carp with a feed particle size of 5-10mm. First, train them to gather at the surface and compete for food, then collect them at the feeding platform and feed them at fixed points. The daily feeding rate should be based on their body weight. The specific amount of feed should be adjusted in a timely manner according to changes in water quality, water temperature, feeding, activity, and fish diseases. Feed 3-4 times a day. Step 5: Pond Management Patrol the pond in the morning, noon, and evening to observe the fishpond and check the water quality. On sunny summer days, turn on the aerator for 2-3 hours at noon and on cloudy or rainy days at midnight. Increase the running time when fish are surfacing heavily. Regularly add fresh water, and the water quality should be "fertile, lively, tender, and refreshing". Use chemical and biological bottom improvement methods to ensure the health of the pond bottom. Regularly disinfect the entire pond with povidone-iodine or other disinfectants depending on the pond conditions. Regularly apply microecological preparations or feed supplements.

2. The grass carp ecological aquaculture model for reducing pollutant concentration in aquaculture ponds from the source, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The first step of preparing the aquaculture pond is as follows: Select a pond with a firm, leak-proof embankment, ample sunlight, a flat bottom, and little silt. The pond area should be 5-10 mu (approximately 0.33-0.67 hectares). Add clean, unpolluted water to a depth of 1.5-2.5m. Equip the pond with one 3kW impeller aerator and one feeder, according to a ratio of 3-5 mu (approximately 0.2-0.33 hectares). Install a filter screen at the water inlet to prevent wild fish from entering the pond.

3. The grass carp ecological aquaculture model for reducing pollutant concentration in aquaculture ponds from the source, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The second step of pond cleaning and disinfection is as follows: take advantage of the winter off-season to freeze and expose the pond to the sun for several days, then add water to 30cm, sprinkle 150kg / mu of quicklime throughout the pond, then soak the pond with 50kg / mu of tea seed cake for 3-5 days, and then fill and drain the pond 2-3 times to remove residual drug toxicity.

4. The grass carp ecological aquaculture model for reducing pollutant concentration in aquaculture ponds from the source, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The disinfection process in the third step of stocking the fish involves using a 1g / m³ disinfectant before the fish are released into the pond. 3 bleaching powder and 8g / m 3 Soak in a copper sulfate solution for 20–30 minutes, or disinfect with 3–5% saline solution for 15 minutes.

5. The grass carp ecological aquaculture model for reducing pollutant concentration in aquaculture ponds from the source, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The feed used in the fourth step of feeding is functional feed for grass carp.

6. The grass carp ecological aquaculture model for reducing pollutant concentration in aquaculture ponds from the source, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that... Each 1000 servings of the aforementioned functional feed for grass carp contains: Goji berries, 50 servings; Soybean meal, 235 portions; Rapeseed meal, 400 portions; Wheat flour, 169 portions; Rice bran, 100 portions; Soybean oil, 9 parts; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts; Choline, 2 parts; Vitamin premix, 5 servings; Mineral premix, 10 parts.

7. The grass carp ecological aquaculture model for reducing pollutant concentration in aquaculture ponds from the source, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The daily feed rate in the fourth step of feeding, which is based on body weight, is specifically as follows: 1.5% in March, 2.0% in April, 3.0% in May, 4.5% in June, 5.5% in July, 6.5% in August, 5.0% in September, 3.0% in October, and 2.0% in November.

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