Medical xenon recovery system and method based on multistage filtration and dynamic separation

Abstract

The invention relates to a medical xenon recovery system based on multistage filtration and dynamic separation. The medical xenon recovery system comprises a pretreatment and microorganism inactivation module, a gas purification and separation module, a xenon circulation distribution module, an intelligent monitoring system and a dynamic pressure compensation mechanism. The invention further relates to a medical xenon recovery method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation, bacteria are intercepted through the filter screen, viruses are intercepted through large particles, short-wave sterilization ultraviolet LED array irradiation is combined, double barriers of physical interception and ultraviolet inactivation are formed, the method is far superior to a traditional single filtration technology, the grade cleaning standard is met, and the medical xenon recovery method has the advantages of being simple in operation, low in cost and high in efficiency. The system thoroughly solves the biological potential safety hazard of lack of ultra-small virus interception and inactivation in the prior art, can efficiently inactivate respiratory pathogens, can effectively prevent microorganisms in exhaled air from circulating to patients or medical staff through a recovery system, is especially suitable for infectious surgery scenes, and remarkably reduces the risk of cross infection in hospitals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical gas recovery technology, specifically to a medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation. Background Technology

[0002] In the medical and health field, xenon is considered the most ideal anesthetic. Its rapid metabolism and low side effects open up new avenues for surgical safety. In the medical field, as our understanding of xenon deepens, it is gradually being promoted and applied in clinical practice due to its advantages such as minimal side effects, no damage to human organs, and the fastest recovery time.

[0003] Xenon, as an ideal medical anesthetic, boasts advantages such as minimal side effects and rapid recovery. However, its high cost limits its widespread clinical application. Current technologies for xenon recovery primarily rely on cryogenic distillation or adsorption separation, with some employing molecular sieve membrane purification. However, none of these technologies address the composition of the exhaled gas after the patient inhales the xenon-oxygen mixture, failing to adequately identify the substances present in the exhaled air. Therefore, they are limited, only able to filter and purify specific impurities. Furthermore, due to the incompleteness of the technological methods, a comprehensive recovery system has not been developed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation, which solves the problems of incomplete impurity purification, insufficient biosafety, limited system functionality, unsuitability for clinical applications, and high costs in existing technologies.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a medical xenon gas recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation, comprising: a pretreatment and microbial inactivation module for physical impurity removal and residual microorganism inactivation; a gas purification and separation module for chemical impurity purification and xenon extraction; a xenon gas circulation and distribution module for dynamic concentration adjustment and uniform gas mixing; an intelligent monitoring system for real-time monitoring of multiple parameters and closed-loop control and algorithm adjustment; and a dynamic pressure compensation mechanism for respiratory circuit pressure control and mode adaptation.

[0006] Preferably, the pretreatment and microbial inactivation module includes a condensation dehydration unit, an electrostatic precipitator, and a multi-stage filtration inactivation assembly, wherein the multi-stage filtration inactivation assembly is composed of a filter screen, an ultrafiltration membrane, and a short-wave sterilization ultraviolet LED array connected in series.

[0007] Preferably, the gas purification and separation module includes a chemical adsorption tank and a membrane separation pressure swing adsorption combined unit. The chemical adsorption tank includes a soda lime tank and an activated carbon tank. The membrane separation pressure swing adsorption combined unit is composed of a polyimide hollow fiber membrane separator and a two-stage pressure swing adsorption tower connected in series.

[0008] Preferably, the xenon gas circulation distribution module includes a mass flow controller and a mixing chamber.

[0009] Preferably, the intelligent monitoring system includes a multi-sensor array and an AI dynamic gas mixing algorithm, wherein the multi-sensor array includes at least a carbon dioxide sensor, a paramagnetic oxygen sensor, and a xenon purity analyzer.

[0010] Preferably, the dynamic pressure compensation mechanism includes an electric proportional valve and a piezoresistive sensor. The electric proportional valve is installed at the inlet of the pretreatment module and adjusts the valve opening through real-time pressure feedback to maintain the circuit pressure fluctuation ≤ ±1 cmH2O and the expiratory resistance 5 cmH2O.

[0011] Preferably, the cavity of the microbial inactivation module is provided with a spiral channel.

[0012] Preferably, the piezoresistive sensor of the dynamic pressure compensation mechanism has an accuracy of ±0.1 cmH2O, and the response time of the electric proportional valve is ≤0.5 seconds.

[0013] Preferably, the opening adjustment range of the electric proportional valve is 0%-100%, the response time is ≤0.5 seconds, and it forms a closed-loop control with the piezoresistive sensor.

[0014] A method for recovering xenon gas for medical use based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation, employing any of the medical xenon gas recovery systems for medical use based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation disclosed in this invention, includes the following steps: Step 1: Gas pretreatment, physical impurity removal; Condensation and dehydration: The xenon-oxygen mixture exhaled by the patient is cooled to below the dew point by a semiconductor cooling chip, causing water vapor to condense into liquid water and be separated and discharged; Electrostatic dust removal: Apply ±8kV voltage to the dehydrated gas; Multi-stage filtration: The gas passes through the filter screen to intercept bacteria and large particles, and then passes through the ultrafiltration membrane to retain viruses and ultrafine particles. Step 2: Microbial inactivation and biosafety control; The pretreated dry gas is introduced into the short-wave sterilization ultraviolet inactivation chamber (the inactivation chamber of the microbial inactivation module). The chamber is equipped with a spiral quartz glass tube, and the outer wall of the tube is surrounded by a 265nm wavelength short-wave sterilization ultraviolet LED array with a radiation intensity of 50mW / cm². 2 The gas flows in a spiral path, with a residence time ≥2 seconds, and the total radiation dose received is ≥100mJ / cm².2 This achieves an inactivation rate of >99.99% for residual microorganisms; Step 3: Purification of chemical impurities and optimization of gas composition; CO2 absorption: The inactivated gas passes through a soda lime container and undergoes a chemical reaction; Volatile organic compound adsorption: The gas then enters a modified activated carbon tank to adsorb trace amounts of acetone and isoprene volatile organic compounds; Step 4: Xenon separation and purification; Membrane separation and concentration: The purified gas is passed into a polyimide hollow fiber membrane separator. By utilizing the permeability difference between xenon and O2 / N2, the xenon is initially concentrated to a concentration of 60%-70%, and O2 / N2 impurities are discharged from the low-pressure side. Pressure Swing Adsorption Deep Purification: The concentrated gas from membrane separation enters a two-stage pressure swing adsorption tower. Under a high pressure of 6-8 bar, the molecular sieve selectively adsorbs xenon gas and discharges O2 / N2 waste gas. Step 5: Dynamic gas mixing and circulation, clinical adaptation; Concentration adjustment: The xenon concentration is monitored in real time by a sensor. Combined with data from a paramagnetic oxygen sensor, the required oxygen supply is calculated using an AI dynamic gas distribution algorithm. The oxygen supply is then precisely controlled by a mass flow controller to keep the xenon-oxygen ratio stable at 30%Xe + 70%O2. Uniform mixing: Purified xenon gas and supplemental oxygen are thoroughly mixed in the vortex mixing chamber and returned to the patient's breathing circuit through the inspiratory end of the anesthesia machine, forming a closed-loop cycle; Step Six: Dynamic Pressure Compensation; An electric proportional valve is installed at the expiratory inlet, and the circuit pressure is monitored in real time by a piezoresistive sensor: if the pressure is >4cmH2O, the valve opening increases by 10% per second to reduce expiratory resistance; if the pressure is <1cmH2O, the valve opening decreases to maintain the negative pressure seal of the system, ensuring that the pressure fluctuation is <±1cmH2O and that the expiratory resistance is always below the clinical safety threshold, adapting to mechanical ventilation and spontaneous breathing modes.

[0015] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The medical xenon gas recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation intercepts bacteria and large particles and retains viruses through filters, forming a dual barrier of "physical interception + ultraviolet inactivation". It far exceeds the traditional single filtration technology, meets the cleanliness standard, and completely solves the biosafety hazards of the lack of ultra-small virus interception and inactivation in existing technologies. It can efficiently inactivate respiratory pathogens and effectively prevent microorganisms in exhaled air from circulating to patients or medical staff through the recovery system. It is especially suitable for infectious surgical scenarios and significantly reduces the risk of cross-infection in hospitals.

[0016] 2. A medical xenon gas recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation is designed to improve the purification effect by combining condensation dehydration, electrostatic dust removal, chemical adsorption and membrane separation for multi-component impurities such as CO2 and water vapor in exhaled gas.

[0017] 3. The medical xenon recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation abandons the high-energy-consuming mode of traditional low-temperature distillation that requires temperatures below -110℃. It adopts a low-energy-consuming and efficient recovery technology that combines polyimide membrane separation with 13X zeolite molecular sieve pressure swing adsorption, which significantly reduces clinical costs and improves clinical safety. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural distribution of the medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the structural distribution of the pretreatment and microbial inactivation modules of the medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation proposed in this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the gas purification and separation module structure of the medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation proposed in this invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the xenon gas circulation and distribution module distribution structure of the medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation proposed in this invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent monitoring system structure of the medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation proposed in this invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic pressure compensation mechanism structure of the medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation proposed in this invention. Figure 7 This is a block diagram of the central controller of the medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation proposed in this invention. Figure 8 This is a system block diagram of the medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation proposed in this invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the inactivation chamber of the medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation proposed in this invention. Figure 10 The flowchart of the dynamic gas distribution control of the medical xenon recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation proposed in this invention is shown. Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the membrane separation and pressure swing adsorption linkage unit of the medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation proposed in this invention. Figure 12 This is a hardware system block diagram of the medical xenon gas recovery system and method based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation proposed in this invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Inactivation chamber; 2. Spiral quartz glass tube. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figures 1-12 As shown, a medical xenon gas recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation includes: The pretreatment and microbial inactivation module is used for physical impurity removal and inactivation of residual microorganisms; Gas purification and separation module for chemical impurity purification and xenon extraction; Xenon gas circulation and distribution module, used for dynamic concentration adjustment and uniform gas mixing; Intelligent monitoring system for real-time monitoring of multiple parameters and closed-loop control and algorithm adjustment; A dynamic pressure compensation mechanism is used for breathing circuit pressure control and mode adaptation.

[0022] First, the pretreatment and microbial inactivation module includes a condensation dehydration unit, an electrostatic precipitator, and a multi-stage filtration inactivation assembly. The multi-stage filtration inactivation assembly consists of a filter screen, an ultrafiltration membrane, and a short-wave sterilization ultraviolet LED array connected in series.

[0023] Secondly, the gas purification and separation module includes a chemical adsorption tank and a membrane separation pressure swing adsorption combined unit. The chemical adsorption tank includes a soda lime tank and an activated carbon tank. The membrane separation pressure swing adsorption combined unit consists of a polyimide hollow fiber membrane separator and a two-stage pressure swing adsorption tower connected in series.

[0024] Furthermore, the xenon gas recirculation distribution module includes a mass flow controller and a mixing chamber.

[0025] The intelligent monitoring system includes a multi-sensor array and an AI dynamic gas matching algorithm. The multi-sensor array includes at least a carbon dioxide sensor, a paramagnetic oxygen sensor, and a xenon purity analyzer.

[0026] Furthermore, the dynamic pressure compensation mechanism includes an electric proportional valve and a piezoresistive sensor. The electric proportional valve is installed at the inlet of the pretreatment module and adjusts the valve opening through real-time pressure feedback to maintain loop pressure fluctuations ≤ ±1 cmH2O and expiratory resistance 5 cmH2O. (Based on the subtle pressure changes transmitted in real time by the piezoresistive sensor, the motor of the electric proportional valve can be accurately calculated and driven to change the valve opening, thereby achieving effective control of loop pressure fluctuations and expiratory resistance values.)

[0027] Furthermore, the microbial inactivation module cavity is equipped with a spiral pipe (the pipe length can be extended by adjusting the physical structure of the spiral pipe, such as increasing the number of spiral turns, or by using a flow regulating device to precisely control the gas flow rate, thereby changing the ratio between the two and ensuring that the radiation dose meets the corresponding requirements).

[0028] Furthermore, the piezoresistive sensor with dynamic pressure compensation mechanism has an accuracy of ±0.1cmH2O, and the electric proportional valve has a response time of ≤0.5 seconds.

[0029] Finally, the opening adjustment range of the electric proportional valve is 0%-100%, and the response time is ≤0.5 seconds, forming a closed-loop control with the piezoresistive sensor.

[0030] A method for recovering xenon gas for medical use based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation includes the following steps: Step 1: Gas pretreatment, physical impurity removal; Condensation and dehydration: The xenon-oxygen mixture exhaled by the patient is cooled to below the dew point by a semiconductor cooling chip, causing water vapor to condense into liquid water and be separated and discharged; Electrostatic dust removal: Apply ±8kV voltage to the dehydrated gas; Multi-stage filtration: The gas passes through the filter screen to intercept bacteria and large particles, and then passes through the ultrafiltration membrane to retain viruses and ultrafine particles. Step 2: Microbial inactivation and biosafety control; The pretreated dry gas is introduced into the short-wave sterilization ultraviolet inactivation chamber (inactivation chamber 1 of the microbial inactivation module). The chamber is equipped with a spiral quartz glass pipe 2, and the outer wall of the pipe is surrounded by a 265nm wavelength short-wave sterilization ultraviolet LED array with a radiation intensity of 50mW / cm². 2 The gas flows in a spiral path, with a residence time ≥2 seconds, and the total radiation dose received is ≥100mJ / cm². 2 This achieves an inactivation rate of >99.99% for residual microorganisms; Step 3: Purification of chemical impurities and optimization of gas composition; CO2 absorption: The inactivated gas passes through a soda lime container and undergoes a chemical reaction: 2NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O. Volatile organic compound adsorption: The gas then enters a modified activated carbon tank to adsorb trace amounts of acetone and isoprene volatile organic compounds; Step 4: Xenon separation and purification; Membrane separation and concentration: The purified gas is passed into a polyimide hollow fiber membrane separator. By utilizing the permeability difference between xenon and O2 / N2, the xenon is initially concentrated to a concentration of 60%-70%, and O2 / N2 impurities are discharged from the low-pressure side. Pressure Swing Adsorption Deep Purification: The concentrated gas from membrane separation enters a two-stage pressure swing adsorption tower. Under a high pressure of 6-8 bar, the molecular sieve selectively adsorbs xenon gas and discharges O2 / N2 waste gas. Step 5: Dynamic gas mixing and circulation, clinical adaptation; Concentration adjustment: The xenon concentration is monitored in real time by a sensor. Combined with data from a paramagnetic oxygen sensor, the required oxygen supply is calculated using an AI dynamic gas distribution algorithm. The oxygen supply is then precisely controlled by a mass flow controller to keep the xenon-oxygen ratio stable at 30%Xe + 70%O2. AI dynamic gas distribution algorithm is a gas resource allocation and management method based on artificial intelligence. In this technical solution, this algorithm is applied to optimize the allocation of production resources by monitoring data in real time and dynamically adjusting the gas distribution strategy. The algorithm collects the operating parameters of xenon equipment (such as pressure, temperature, flow rate, etc.) in real time through IoT sensors and builds a dynamic model by combining historical data. According to production needs and equipment status, the algorithm automatically adjusts the gas distribution parameters (such as pressure regulation and flow rate distribution) to ensure that xenon supply is synchronized with the production process. Abnormal energy consumption patterns, such as pipeline leaks or equipment overloads, are identified through algorithms such as isolated forest and LSTM, and early warning mechanisms are triggered in a timely manner.

[0031] Uniform mixing: Purified xenon gas and supplemental oxygen are thoroughly mixed in the vortex mixing chamber and returned to the patient's breathing circuit through the inspiratory end of the anesthesia machine, forming a closed-loop cycle; Step Six: Dynamic pressure compensation ensures safety; An electric proportional valve is installed at the expiratory inlet, and the circuit pressure is monitored in real time by a piezoresistive sensor: if the pressure is >4cmH2O, the valve opening increases by 10% per second to reduce expiratory resistance; if the pressure is <1cmH2O, the valve opening decreases to maintain the negative pressure seal of the system, ensuring that the pressure fluctuation is <±1cmH2O and that the expiratory resistance is always below the clinical safety threshold, adapting to mechanical ventilation and spontaneous breathing modes.

[0032] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

Claims

1. A medical xenon gas recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation, characterized in that: include: The pretreatment and microbial inactivation module is used for physical impurity removal and inactivation of residual microorganisms; Gas purification and separation module for chemical impurity purification and xenon extraction; Xenon gas circulation and distribution module, used for dynamic concentration adjustment and uniform gas mixing; Intelligent monitoring system for real-time monitoring of multiple parameters and closed-loop control and algorithm adjustment; A dynamic pressure compensation mechanism is used for breathing circuit pressure control and mode adaptation.

2. The medical xenon gas recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment and microbial inactivation module includes a condensation and dehydration unit, an electrostatic precipitator, and a multi-stage filtration and inactivation assembly. The multi-stage filtration and inactivation assembly is composed of a filter screen, an ultrafiltration membrane, and a short-wave sterilization ultraviolet LED array connected in series.

3. The medical xenon gas recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas purification and separation module includes a chemical adsorption tank and a membrane separation pressure swing adsorption combined unit. The chemical adsorption tank includes a soda lime tank and an activated carbon tank. The membrane separation pressure swing adsorption combined unit is composed of a polyimide hollow fiber membrane separator and a two-stage pressure swing adsorption tower connected in series.

4. The medical xenon gas recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The xenon gas circulation and distribution module includes a mass flow controller and a mixing chamber.

5. The medical xenon gas recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent monitoring system includes a multi-sensor array and an AI dynamic gas matching algorithm. The multi-sensor array includes at least a carbon dioxide sensor, a paramagnetic oxygen sensor, and a xenon purity analyzer.

6. The medical xenon gas recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic pressure compensation mechanism includes an electric proportional valve and a piezoresistive sensor. The electric proportional valve is installed at the inlet of the pretreatment module and adjusts the valve opening through real-time pressure feedback to maintain the circuit pressure fluctuation ≤ ±1 cmH2O and the expiratory resistance 5 cmH2O.

7. The medical xenon gas recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial inactivation module has a spiral channel inside its cavity.

8. The medical xenon gas recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The piezoresistive sensor of the dynamic pressure compensation mechanism has an accuracy of ±0.1 cmH2O, and the electric proportional valve has a response time of ≤0.5 seconds.

9. The medical xenon gas recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The electric proportional valve has an opening adjustment range of 0%-100% and a response time of ≤0.5 seconds, forming a closed-loop control with the piezoresistive sensor.

10. A method for recovering xenon gas for medical use based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation, characterized in that: The medical xenon recovery system based on multi-stage filtration and dynamic separation as described in any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: Step 1: Gas pretreatment, physical impurity removal; Condensation and dehydration: The xenon-oxygen mixture exhaled by the patient is cooled to below the dew point by a semiconductor cooling chip, causing water vapor to condense into liquid water and be separated and discharged; Electrostatic dust removal: Apply ±8kV voltage to the dehydrated gas; Multi-stage filtration: The gas passes through the filter screen to intercept bacteria and large particles, and then passes through the ultrafiltration membrane to retain viruses and ultrafine particles. Step 2: Microbial inactivation and biosafety control; The pretreated dry gas is introduced into a short-wave sterilization ultraviolet inactivation chamber (1). The chamber is equipped with a spiral quartz glass tube (2), and the outer wall of the tube is surrounded by a 265nm wavelength short-wave sterilization ultraviolet LED array with a radiation intensity of 50mW / cm². 2 The gas flows in a spiral path, with a residence time ≥2 seconds, and the total radiation dose received is ≥100mJ / cm². 2 This achieves an inactivation rate of >99.99% for residual microorganisms; Step 3: Purification of chemical impurities and optimization of gas composition; CO2 absorption: The inactivated gas passes through a soda lime container and undergoes a chemical reaction; Volatile organic compound adsorption: The gas then enters a modified activated carbon tank to adsorb trace amounts of acetone and isoprene volatile organic compounds; Step 4: Xenon separation and purification; Membrane separation and concentration: The purified gas is passed into a polyimide hollow fiber membrane separator. By utilizing the permeability difference between xenon and O2 / N2, the xenon is initially concentrated to a concentration of 60%-70%, and O2 / N2 impurities are discharged from the low-pressure side. Pressure Swing Adsorption Deep Purification: The concentrated gas from membrane separation enters a two-stage pressure swing adsorption tower. Under a high pressure of 6-8 bar, the molecular sieve selectively adsorbs xenon gas and discharges O2 / N2 waste gas. Step 5: Dynamic gas mixing and circulation, clinical adaptation; Concentration adjustment: The xenon concentration is monitored in real time by a sensor. Combined with data from a paramagnetic oxygen sensor, the required oxygen supply is calculated using an AI dynamic gas distribution algorithm. The oxygen supply is then precisely controlled by a mass flow controller to keep the xenon-oxygen ratio stable at 30%Xe + 70%O2. Uniform mixing: Purified xenon gas and supplemental oxygen are thoroughly mixed in the vortex mixing chamber and returned to the patient's breathing circuit through the inspiratory end of the anesthesia machine, forming a closed-loop cycle; Step Six: Dynamic Pressure Compensation; An electric proportional valve is installed at the expiratory inlet, and the circuit pressure is monitored in real time by a piezoresistive sensor: if the pressure is >4cmH2O, the valve opening increases by 10% per second to reduce expiratory resistance; if the pressure is <1cmH2O, the valve opening decreases to maintain the negative pressure seal of the system, ensuring that the pressure fluctuation is <±1cmH2O and that the expiratory resistance is always below the clinical safety threshold, adapting to mechanical ventilation and spontaneous breathing modes.

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