Electrolytic tank outlet temperature control method and system, medium and program product

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production, and discloses an electrolytic bath outlet temperature control method and system, a medium and a program product, a flow control valve is arranged at an inlet of an electrolytic bath, the electrolyte input flow is converted into a core regulation variable directly influencing the outlet temperature, and active control over the outlet temperature is achieved. Furthermore, the flow control valve is directly connected with the control device, the opening degree signal can be received in real time, the flow can be adjusted, it is ensured that the temperature control instruction can be rapidly converted into the actual flow change, and the response speed to power fluctuation is increased. Furthermore, through a real-time operation state parameter set and a real-time temperature monitoring parameter set, it is ensured that a control signal is generated based on a real working condition, and the temperature control stability under fluctuating power is improved. Furthermore, through the synergistic effect of an electrolyte flow feedforward control signal and an electrolyte flow rear-end control signal, frequent current change caused by wind-solar power fluctuation can be effectively handled, and the fluctuation amplitude of the outlet temperature is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and particularly relates to a kind of electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method, system, medium and program product. BACKGROUND

[0002] Renewable energy water electrolysis hydrogen production is the current main green hydrogen production technology, according to the different working medium, can be divided into alkaline electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. Proton exchange membrane electrolyzer has wide application prospect in wind / photovoltaic hydrogen production field due to fast dynamic response, high hydrogen purity, environmental friendliness and other characteristics. Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis system mainly includes electrolyzer, hydrogen / water separation tank, oxygen / water separation tank and the like. Under the action of direct current, pure water decomposes in the electrolyzer to generate hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen / water mixture flows out through the cathode side and is separated in the hydrogen / water separation tank, and hydrogen is discharged from the upper end. Oxygen / water mixture flows out through the anode side and is separated in the oxygen / water separation tank, and oxygen is discharged from the upper end. In the whole electrolysis process, the reaction water consumed is supplemented from the anode oxygen / water separation tank and flows into the electrolyzer through the circulating pump.

[0003] The temperature fluctuation of the electrolyzer during operation has a great influence on the service life of the electrolyzer. Currently, the temperature of the electrolyzer is mainly controlled by PID, and the inlet temperature of the electrolyzer is controlled by the heat exchanger. The outlet temperature of the electrolyzer is not controlled, which leads to the fluctuation of the outlet temperature of the electrolyzer with the change of the input current of the electrolyzer.

[0004] Due to the fluctuation of wind and light power, the renewable energy water electrolysis hydrogen production technology faces severe challenges. The power of the electrolyzer is closely related to the temperature of the electrolyzer. High temperature will accelerate the aging of the key materials such as electrodes and proton exchange membranes of the electrolyzer. However, lower temperature will reduce the efficiency of the system. In addition, frequent temperature fluctuations will also cause performance degradation of the key components of the electrolyzer. Therefore, the operation of the electrolyzer must overcome the adverse effects of frequent current fluctuations on the equipment as much as possible and maintain a suitable temperature.

[0005] The existing electrolyzer PID temperature control device belongs to feedback control. Due to the hysteresis of feedback control, it must respond after the output value deviates from the set value, so the response speed is slow. For complex systems, a single feedback loop often cannot achieve ideal results, and more complex control structures are needed. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the present application provides an electrolyzer outlet temperature control method, system, medium and program product to solve the problems of the existing electrolyzer PID temperature control, such as the fluctuation of the outlet temperature of the electrolyzer with the change of the input current of the electrolyzer and the slow response speed caused by frequent current fluctuations.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides an electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method, which is used for a control device, the control device is connected with a flow control valve, the flow control valve is arranged at an inlet of an electrolytic cell; the method comprises:

[0008] obtaining a real-time running state parameter set and a real-time temperature monitoring parameter set of the electrolytic cell; determining an electrolyte flow feedforward control signal according to the real-time running state parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set; determining an electrolyte flow back-end control signal according to the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set; determining an opening degree signal of the flow control valve according to the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal and the electrolyte flow back-end control signal; and controlling a valve opening degree of the flow control valve by using the opening degree signal, so as to control an electrolyte input flow of the electrolytic cell, and the electrolyte input flow affects an outlet temperature of the electrolytic cell.

[0009] The electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method provided by the present application breaks through the bottleneck that the prior art can only control the inlet temperature and cannot actively intervene in the outlet temperature, realizes active control of the outlet temperature, and avoids accelerated aging of the electrode / proton exchange membrane due to excessively high temperature or reduced system efficiency due to excessively low temperature. Further, the flow control valve is directly connected with the control device, so that the opening degree signal can be received in real time and the flow is adjusted, ensuring that the temperature control instruction can be quickly converted into actual flow change and improving the response speed to power fluctuation. Further, the real-time running state parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set are used to ensure that the control signal is generated based on real working conditions, avoiding the problem of temperature control deviation caused by incomplete parameter sensing in the prior art and improving the temperature control stability under fluctuating power. Further, the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal and the electrolyte flow back-end control signal work together, solving the problem of lagging response of feedback control and making up for the defect that pure feedforward control cannot correct unknown disturbances, so that the frequent changes of current caused by wind and light power fluctuation can be effectively responded to and the outlet temperature fluctuation amplitude can be reduced.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the control device comprises a first controller; the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal is determined according to the real-time running state parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set.

[0011] The heat generation power and heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell are calculated according to the real-time running state parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set; and the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal is obtained by processing the heat generation power, the heat dissipation and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set through the first controller.

[0012] The electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method provided by the application, by calculating the heat generation power and heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell, makes the feedforward control signal directly correspond to the net heat that the electrolyte needs to take away, solves the defects of the existing feedforward control and the electrolytic cell physical process disconnection and low compensation accuracy, and realizes accurate prediction and early compensation of current fluctuation. Further, the first controller is used to process and determine the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal, which ensures that the feedforward control signal meets the physical adjustment range of the electrolyte flow, avoids the signal out-of-range problem that may occur in simple formula calculation, and improves the safety and feasibility of feedforward control. Further, the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal determined according to the heat generation power, heat dissipation and real-time temperature monitoring parameter set can be generated at the moment of current change, without waiting for the temperature to deviate from the set value, which greatly shortens the temperature control response time and effectively suppresses the outlet temperature mutation caused by sudden increase / decrease of wind power.

[0013] In an alternative embodiment, the heat generation power and heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell are calculated according to the real-time operating state parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set, comprising:

[0014] The real-time voltage value, real-time current value and thermal resistance value in the real-time operating state parameter set are obtained, the outlet temperature value and ambient temperature value in the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set are obtained, the heat generation power of the electrolytic cell is calculated according to the real-time voltage value and real-time current value, and the heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell is calculated according to the thermal resistance value, outlet temperature value and ambient temperature value.

[0015] The electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method provided by the application, by calculating the heat generation power and heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell, makes the feedforward control signal directly correspond to the net heat that the electrolyte needs to take away, solves the defects of the existing feedforward control and the electrolytic cell physical process disconnection and low compensation accuracy, and realizes accurate prediction and early compensation of current fluctuation. Further, the first controller is used to process and determine the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal, which ensures that the feedforward control signal meets the physical adjustment range of the electrolyte flow, avoids the signal out-of-range problem that may occur in simple formula calculation, and improves the safety and feasibility of feedforward control. Further, the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal determined according to the heat generation power, heat dissipation and real-time temperature monitoring parameter set can be generated at the moment of current change, without waiting for the temperature to deviate from the set value, which greatly shortens the temperature control response time and effectively suppresses the outlet temperature mutation caused by sudden increase / decrease of wind power.

[0016] In an alternative embodiment, the heat generation power and heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell are calculated according to the real-time operating state parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set, comprising:

[0017] The steady-state input value of the inlet electrolyte flow of the electrolytic cell is calculated according to the heat generation power, heat dissipation and real-time temperature monitoring parameter set, and the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal is obtained by processing the steady-state input value through the first controller.

[0018] The electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method provided by the application can offset the reference flow of the temperature fluctuation under the current working condition through the steady-state input value of the inlet electrolyte flow calculated by the heat generation power, heat dissipation and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set, and solves the defects of the existing feedforward control without steady-state reference and large signal fluctuation. Further, the steady-state input value is processed by the first controller and a feedforward control signal of the electrolyte flow is determined, which avoids the sudden change of the flow caused by the steady-state input value directly as the control signal, reduces the impact on the electrolytic cell and prolongs the service life of the equipment. Further, after the steady-state input value is processed by the first controller, it can further adapt to the slight disturbance in the real-time working condition, ensuring that the feedforward control signal not only meets the theoretical calculation but also adapts to the actual operation deviation.

[0019] In an alternative embodiment, the control device further comprises a second controller; and a back-end control signal of the electrolyte flow is determined according to the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set, comprising:

[0020] The outlet temperature measurement value in the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set is obtained; the outlet temperature difference value is determined according to the outlet temperature measurement value and the outlet temperature preset value; and the outlet temperature difference value is processed by the second controller to obtain the back-end control signal of the electrolyte flow.

[0021] The electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method provided by the application directly generates a back-end control signal of the electrolyte flow through the difference of the outlet temperature measurement value in the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set, solves the defects of the prior art that only corrects the inlet temperature and ignores the outlet temperature deviation, and ensures that the outlet temperature is stable in the optimal operating range. Further, the outlet temperature difference value is processed by the second controller, which can eliminate static and dynamic deviations, avoid the problem that the existing technology cannot eliminate static deviation and has slow response speed through simple proportional adjustment, and improve the control accuracy of the outlet temperature. Further, the back-end control signal of the electrolyte flow can correct the temperature control deviation caused by parameter errors or unknown disturbances of the feedforward control, solve the defects that the simple feedforward control cannot perceive the output result and the deviation cannot be corrected, form a closed-loop control of feedforward prediction and feedback correction, and further improve the temperature control stability.

[0022] In an alternative embodiment, the opening degree signal of the flow control valve is determined according to the feedforward control signal of the electrolyte flow and the back-end control signal of the electrolyte flow, comprising:

[0023] The target electrolyte flow is determined according to the feedforward control signal of the electrolyte flow and the back-end control signal of the electrolyte flow; the opening percentage of the flow control valve is determined through a preset characteristic curve according to the target electrolyte flow; and the opening degree signal of the flow control valve is obtained by converting the opening percentage.

[0024] The electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method provided by this invention converts the target electrolyte flow rate into an opening percentage through a preset characteristic curve. This avoids the problem of mismatch between opening adjustment and flow rate changes caused by ignoring the nonlinear characteristics of the valve, ensuring accurate achievement of the target flow rate. Furthermore, by converting the opening percentage into an electrical signal recognizable by the valve, it solves the problem of mismatch between the signal form and the valve actuator in existing technologies, ensuring that the valve can accurately receive and execute opening commands, avoiding the defect of temperature control commands failing to be implemented. Therefore, by implementing this invention, the defects of ambiguous logic in the conversion between control signals and valve opening, and the mismatch between flow rate and opening degree in existing technologies are solved, ensuring that temperature control commands are accurately converted into valve actions.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electrolyzer outlet temperature control system, the system comprising: an electrolyzer hydrogen production device and a control device, the control device comprising a first controller, a second controller and an electrolyte valve opening controller, the electrolyte valve opening controller being used to determine the opening signal;

[0026] A control device for executing the electrolyzer outlet temperature control method of the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment described above; an electrolyzer hydrogen production device for performing hydrogen production operations.

[0027] The electrolyzer outlet temperature control system provided by this invention, by setting up a first controller, a second controller, and an electrolyte valve opening controller, ensures efficient coordination of the feedforward, feedback, and execution links, thereby improving temperature control efficiency. Furthermore, by implementing the electrolyzer outlet temperature control method of the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment described above, the problem of existing general-purpose control systems being unable to adapt to specific temperature control requirements and exhibiting poor execution performance is solved. Furthermore, the electrolyzer hydrogen production unit is responsible for hydrogen production, while the control system is responsible for temperature control. Their collaborative work ensures the stability of the hydrogen production process and avoids a decrease in hydrogen production efficiency or equipment damage due to temperature fluctuations, thus improving the overall safety and economy of the hydrogen production system.

[0028] In one optional embodiment, the electrolyzer hydrogen production apparatus includes: an electrolyzer, a flow control valve, a heat exchanger, a circulating pump, a first separation tank, and a second separation tank.

[0029] The flow control valve is connected to the heat exchanger and the electrolytic cell respectively, and the circulating pump is connected to the second separation tank and the heat exchanger respectively; the electrolytic cell is connected to the first separation tank and the second separation tank respectively, and the first separation tank and the second separation tank are connected.

[0030] The electrolytic cell outlet temperature control system provided by this invention, through a flow control valve connected in series with a heat exchanger, can reduce the inlet temperature via the heat exchanger to assist in temperature control. This solves the problems of insufficient capacity in existing technologies that rely solely on flow control or heat exchanger-based temperature control, thus improving temperature control redundancy. Furthermore, the connection design between the first and second separation tanks ensures continuous electrolyte replenishment and effective gas separation, avoiding flow control failure due to insufficient electrolyte or safety risks caused by gas accumulation, while providing a stable operating environment for temperature control. Therefore, by implementing this invention, the flow control valve can directly regulate the electrolyte flow rate entering the electrolytic cell, solving the defects of existing technologies such as unreasonable electrolyte circulation paths and the inability of flow control to effectively affect the outlet temperature, providing a reliable fluid basis for temperature control.

[0031] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method of the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0032] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer program product, including computer instructions, which are used to cause a computer to execute the electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method of the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment described above. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the electrolytic cell outlet temperature control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of an electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of another electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating another method for controlling the outlet temperature of an electrolytic cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart of an electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method applicable to fluctuating power according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the electrolyte flow feedforward-feedback control process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the electrolytic cell outlet temperature versus current curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] This invention provides a method for controlling the outlet temperature of an electrolytic cell. By setting a flow control valve directly connected to the control device at the inlet of the electrolytic cell and combining the synergistic effect of the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal and the electrolyte flow back-end control signal, the method achieves active control of the outlet temperature, solves the problem of lag response in feedback control, compensates for the deficiency of simple feedforward control in correcting unknown disturbances, effectively copes with the frequent changes in current caused by wind and solar power fluctuations, and reduces the amplitude of outlet temperature fluctuations.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of an electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0046] This embodiment provides a method for controlling the outlet temperature of an electrolytic cell, which can be used as follows: Figure 1The control device 12 shown is connected to a flow control valve 112, which is located at the inlet of the electrolytic cell 111. By installing the flow control valve 112 at the inlet of the electrolytic cell 111, the electrolyte input flow rate can be transformed into a core control variable that directly affects the outlet temperature. This overcomes the bottleneck of existing technologies that only control the inlet temperature and cannot actively intervene in the outlet temperature, thus achieving active control of the outlet temperature and avoiding excessively high temperatures that accelerate the aging of the electrode / proton exchange membrane, or excessively low temperatures that reduce system efficiency.

[0047] Furthermore, by directly connecting the flow control valve 112 to the control device 12, the flow rate can be adjusted in real time by receiving the opening signal, ensuring that the temperature control command can be quickly converted into actual flow rate changes, thus improving the response speed to power fluctuations.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0049] Step S201: Obtain the real-time operating status parameter set and real-time temperature monitoring parameter set of the electrolytic cell.

[0050] The real-time operating status parameter set represents a set of dynamic and static parameters reflecting the power characteristics and inherent characteristics of the electrolyzer during current operation, and may include the real-time voltage value U. stack Real-time current value I and thermal resistance value R t .

[0051] Furthermore, the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set represents a set of parameters reflecting the electrolytic cell's temperature control target, actual temperature state, and external temperature environment, and may include the outlet temperature value T and the ambient temperature value T. atm Inlet temperature value T in .

[0052] Specifically, all data from the two sets of parameters mentioned above can be acquired in real time through sensor acquisition and parameter retrieval.

[0053] For example, a current sensor can be used to collect the current in the power supply circuit of the electrolytic cell, i.e., the real-time current value I, at a fixed period (e.g., 100ms / time). The sampling frequency needs to match the response requirements of wind and solar power fluctuations (e.g., to deal with second-level current fluctuations, the sampling period should not exceed 500ms).

[0054] Furthermore, a voltage sensor can be used to synchronously acquire U stack This avoids power calculation errors caused by sampling time differences.

[0055] Furthermore, the initial value of the factory test, i.e., the thermal resistance value R, can be retrieved from the equipment parameter library of the control device 12.t Furthermore, it can be calibrated every 3 months using the heat dissipation back-calculation method.

[0056] Furthermore, the outlet temperature value T can be collected using a PT100 sensor, with a collection accuracy of ±0.1℃. The collection period should be consistent with the current / voltage to ensure the time correlation between temperature data and power data.

[0057] Furthermore, since the ambient temperature changes slowly, the data acquisition cycle can be set to 1 second per acquisition to reduce the data transmission burden.

[0058] Furthermore, the inlet temperature value T in The data is collected synchronously with the outlet temperature value T.

[0059] In some alternative implementations, the collected data can also be validated and standardized.

[0060] Step S202: Determine the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal based on the real-time operating status parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set.

[0061] Among them, the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal represents the electrolyte flow reference adjustment signal calculated in advance based on the current power disturbance (current change caused by wind and solar power fluctuations) and temperature status of the electrolyzer, which can offset the impact of the disturbance on the outlet temperature.

[0062] Furthermore, the core function of the electrolyte flow rate reference adjustment signal is to compensate for the heat generation changes caused by current fluctuations in advance by adjusting the electrolyte flow rate before the outlet temperature deviates from the set value (such as increasing the flow rate in advance to remove more heat when the current increases), thereby solving the defect of the lag response of the existing feedback control technology and ensuring that the outlet temperature remains stable within the target range under fluctuating power.

[0063] Specifically, by taking the obtained real-time operating status parameter set reflecting power disturbances and equipment characteristics and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set reflecting temperature status and environmental conditions as inputs, and by using the calculation logic of the associated electrolytic cell heat generation-heat dissipation physical process, the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal that can respond to power fluctuations in advance can be derived.

[0064] Step S203: Determine the back-end control signal for electrolyte flow rate based on the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set.

[0065] Among them, the electrolyte flow control signal at the back end represents the electrolyte flow fine-tuning signal used to correct the temperature deviation between the actual measured value and the set value of the electrolyzer outlet temperature. Its core function is to address the outlet temperature deviation caused by possible errors in feedforward control (such as inaccurate parameter estimation or unknown disturbances), by monitoring the deviation in real time and generating a correction signal to ensure that the outlet temperature eventually stabilizes at the set value (such as 70℃). This solves the defects of simple feedforward control, which cannot sense the output result and cannot correct the deviation, and thus forms a closed-loop control of prediction and correction.

[0066] Specifically, using a set of real-time temperature monitoring parameters as input, the controller can generate an electrolyte flow control signal to eliminate the deviation by comparing the deviation between the actual value and the target value of the outlet temperature.

[0067] Step S204: Determine the opening signal of the flow control valve based on the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal and the electrolyte flow back-end control signal.

[0068] Among them, the opening signal represents an electrical signal that the flow control valve can recognize and is used to precisely control the degree of valve opening. Its core function is to transform the abstract flow regulation requirements into specific valve action commands (such as 30% opening corresponding to 10mA current), ensuring that the coordinated control effect of feedforward and feedback is ultimately implemented through valve action, and thus directly related to the actual adjustment of electrolyte flow.

[0069] Specifically, by using the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal and the electrolyte flow back-end control signal as inputs, and through signal synthesis and characteristic conversion, an opening signal that directly drives the flow control valve can be generated. This achieves the coordinated implementation of predictive adjustment and deviation correction, solves the problem of mismatch between control signals and actuators, and ensures that the coordinated control effect of feedforward and feedback can be accurately converted into valve action, avoiding temperature control failure caused by mismatch of signal form or range.

[0070] Step S205: The valve opening of the flow control valve is controlled by the opening signal to control the input flow rate of the electrolyte into the electrolytic cell.

[0071] Among them, the electrolyte input flow rate affects the outlet temperature of the electrolyzer.

[0072] Specifically, the flow control valve 112 at the inlet of the electrolytic cell is driven to adjust its opening degree by using the opening signal as an instruction, thereby changing the electrolyte input flow rate into the electrolytic cell 111.

[0073] Furthermore, by dynamically adjusting the flow rate, it is possible to control the amount of heat carried away from the electrolytic cell by the electrolyte (the greater the flow rate, the more heat is carried away), and ultimately stabilize the outlet temperature at the set value.

[0074] For example, the actuator (such as an electric actuator or a pneumatic actuator) of the flow control valve 112 is matched with the opening signal type. Specifically, if the opening signal is a 4-20mA standard current signal, the signal receiver built into the actuator will convert the current signal into an internally recognizable electrical signal (such as a DC voltage signal); if it is a 0-10V voltage signal, the signal adaptation and conversion are performed similarly to ensure that the valve can accurately recognize the command.

[0075] Furthermore, the actuator has a built-in verification module that performs range verification (e.g., 4-20mA corresponds to 0%-100% opening; if the signal is 25mA, it is determined to be out of range, execution is refused, and a fault is reported) and stability verification (e.g., if the signal fluctuates more than ±0.5mA within 1 second, it is determined to be signal interference, and the valid opening signal of the previous cycle is temporarily used for execution), thus avoiding valve malfunction due to abnormal signals.

[0076] Furthermore, the actuator converts the verified opening signal into a valve displacement command. Taking an electric actuator as an example, if the opening signal corresponds to a 30% opening, the motor inside the actuator drives the gear mechanism to rotate, causing the valve core to move to the mechanical position of 30% opening; a pneumatic actuator, on the other hand, adjusts the air pressure to push the valve core to the target position, and the action accuracy must meet ±1% opening (e.g., the actual error of 30% opening does not exceed ±0.3%) to ensure the accuracy of flow regulation.

[0077] Furthermore, the actuator can dynamically adjust its operating speed based on the magnitude of the opening change. Specifically, if the current opening is 20% and the target opening is 30% (a change of 10%), the execution speed is set to 5% / second to avoid sudden changes in flow rate due to excessive speed, which could impact the electrolytic cell. If the change is only 2% (e.g., from 29% to 31%), the execution speed can be increased to 10% / second to ensure rapid response to minor correction needs.

[0078] Furthermore, after the valve opening is adjusted, the electrolyte flow rate exhibits preset characteristics as the opening changes. Taking a linear valve as an example, 30% opening corresponds to 30% of the rated flow rate (e.g., if the rated flow rate is 100L / min, 30% opening corresponds to 30L / min); if it is an equal percentage valve, the flow rate changes slowly at low openings and changes sensitively at high openings, ensuring that the flow rate adjustment can accurately match the temperature control requirements under different operating conditions, such as avoiding a sudden drop in temperature at low flow rates and rapid cooling at high flow rates.

[0079] Furthermore, a flow sensor (such as an electromagnetic flow meter) can be installed on the outlet pipe of the flow control valve 112 to collect the actual electrolyte input flow rate in real time and feed the data back to the control device 12.

[0080] Furthermore, if the actual flow rate deviates from the theoretical flow rate corresponding to the opening by more than 5%, the control device 12 can determine that the valve is stuck or leaking, and trigger an opening compensation command (such as adjusting the opening from 30% to 32%) until the actual flow rate reaches the standard, thus avoiding temperature control failure due to valve hardware deviation.

[0081] Furthermore, after the adjusted electrolyte input flow rate enters the electrolytic cell, the heat generated within the electrolytic cell 111 is dissipated through a convection heat exchanger. For example, if an increase in current leads to an increase in heat generation (e.g., from 500A to 800A), the flow rate can be increased by increasing the valve opening (e.g., from 30% to 50%). As more electrolyte flows through the electrolytic cell, it absorbs excess heat, preventing the outlet temperature from rising.

[0082] Furthermore, if a decrease in current leads to a decrease in heat generation, the opening should be reduced to decrease the flow rate, thereby reducing heat loss and preventing the outlet temperature from becoming too low.

[0083] Furthermore, the temperature change can be monitored in real time using an electrolytic cell outlet temperature sensor and fed back to the control device 12. Furthermore, if the outlet temperature gradually decreases from 71℃ (higher than the set value of 70℃) to 70.2℃ after flow adjustment, it indicates that the flow adjustment is effective; if the temperature does not change as expected (e.g., the flow rate increases but the temperature still rises), the control device 12 can trace back to previous steps (e.g., checking whether the opening signal is correct, whether the flow sensor is faulty, etc.) to ensure the integrity of the temperature control closed loop.

[0084] Furthermore, fluctuations in wind and solar power cause continuous changes in the current of the electrolyzer (e.g., gusts of wind, cloud cover). Therefore, based on the new opening signals generated in steps S201 to S204, the process of receiving signals → adjusting the opening → regulating the flow rate → monitoring the temperature can be repeated, with the cycle period consistent with the parameter acquisition cycle (e.g., 1 second / time) to ensure real-time response to second-level power fluctuations.

[0085] Furthermore, during flow regulation, if the flow rate is too low (e.g., below 5% of the rated flow rate) or too high (e.g., above 110% of the rated flow rate), corresponding protection actions can be triggered. For example, if the flow rate is too low, the opening degree will be automatically increased to 10% to prevent the electrolyzer from drying out due to insufficient electrolyte; if the flow rate is too high, the opening degree will be limited to 100%, and the heat exchanger will be linked to reduce the inlet temperature to assist in temperature control, protecting the circulating pump and the core components of the electrolyzer and extending the equipment life.

[0086] The electrolyzer outlet temperature control method provided in this embodiment transforms the electrolyte input flow rate into a core control variable that directly affects the outlet temperature by setting a flow control valve at the electrolyzer inlet. This overcomes the bottleneck of existing technologies that only control the inlet temperature and cannot actively intervene in the outlet temperature, achieving active control of the outlet temperature. This avoids excessively high temperatures that accelerate electrode / proton exchange membrane aging, or excessively low temperatures that reduce system efficiency. Furthermore, by directly connecting the flow control valve to the control device, the opening signal can be received in real time and the flow rate adjusted, ensuring that temperature control commands can be quickly converted into actual flow rate changes, thus improving the response speed to power fluctuations. Furthermore, by using real-time operating status parameter sets and real-time temperature monitoring parameter sets, the control signal is ensured to be generated based on actual operating conditions, avoiding the problem of temperature control deviation caused by incomplete parameter sensing in existing technologies, and improving temperature control stability under fluctuating power. Furthermore, through the synergistic effect of the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal and the electrolyte flow back-end control signal, the problem of lag response in feedback control is solved, and the deficiency of simple feedforward control in correcting unknown disturbances is compensated for. This effectively copes with frequent current changes caused by wind and solar power fluctuations, reducing the amplitude of outlet temperature fluctuations.

[0087] This embodiment provides a method for controlling the outlet temperature of an electrolytic cell, which can be used as follows: Figure 1 The control device 12 shown is connected to a flow control valve 112, which is located at the inlet of the electrolytic cell 111. Furthermore, the control device 12 includes a first controller 121 and a second controller 122.

[0088] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0089] Step S301: Obtain the real-time operating status parameter set and real-time temperature monitoring parameter set of the electrolytic cell. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 Step S201 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described again here.

[0090] Step S302: Determine the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal based on the real-time operating status parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set.

[0091] Specifically, step S302 includes:

[0092] Step S3021: Calculate the heat generation power and heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell based on the real-time operating status parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set.

[0093] Among them, the heat generation power represents the total heat generated per unit time during the normal operation of the electrolytic cell due to the electrochemical reaction itself and the resistance loss when the current passes through the electrolyte / electrode. The unit is usually watt (W) or kilowatt (kW). It is the core "heat source" for the temperature rise of the electrolytic cell and can directly determine how much electrolyte flow rate is needed to remove excess heat.

[0094] Furthermore, heat dissipation refers to the rate at which the electrolyzer transfers heat to the surrounding environment during operation through its own heat dissipation (rather than being carried away by the electrolyte). The unit is also watt (W) or kilowatt (kW). It is the "natural heat dissipation item" for the decrease in electrolyzer temperature, representing the portion of heat that can be dissipated autonomously without additional electrolyte flow control.

[0095] Specifically, by calculating the heat generation power and heat dissipation of the electrolyzer, the feedforward control signal directly corresponds to the net heat that the electrolyte needs to carry away. This solves the defects of existing feedforward control being disconnected from the physical process of the electrolyzer and having low compensation accuracy, and realizes accurate prediction and early compensation for current fluctuations.

[0096] In some optional implementations, step S3021 above includes:

[0097] Step a1: Obtain the real-time voltage value, real-time current value, and thermal resistance value from the real-time operating status parameter set.

[0098] Step a2: Obtain the outlet temperature value and ambient temperature value of the real-time temperature monitoring parameters.

[0099] Step a3: Calculate the heat generation power of the electrolytic cell based on the real-time voltage and current values.

[0100] Step a4: Calculate the heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell based on the thermal resistance, outlet temperature, and ambient temperature.

[0101] Specifically, the heat generation power of the electrolytic cell can be calculated using the following relationship (1):

[0102]

[0103] In the formula: Indicates heat production capacity; U th =1.48V represents the thermal neutral voltage; n cell This indicates the number of cells in the electrolytic cell.

[0104] Furthermore, the heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell can be calculated using the following relationship (2):

[0105]

[0106] In the formula: R represents heat dissipation.t This indicates the thermal resistance value.

[0107] Step S3022: Based on the set of parameters for heat generation power, heat dissipation and real-time temperature monitoring, the first controller processes the data to obtain the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal.

[0108] The first controller refers to a component that can convert theoretically calculated flow reference values ​​into executable control signals that conform to the actual operating characteristics of the equipment.

[0109] Specifically, after the steady-state input value is processed by the first controller, it can be further adapted to the small disturbances in the real-time operating conditions, ensuring that the feedforward control signal not only conforms to the theoretical calculations but also adapts to the actual operating deviations.

[0110] In some optional implementations, step S3022 above includes:

[0111] Step b1: Calculate the steady-state input value of the inlet electrolyte flow rate of the electrolyzer based on the set of parameters for heat generation power, heat dissipation, and real-time temperature monitoring.

[0112] Step b2: The steady-state input value is processed by the first controller to obtain the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal.

[0113] The steady-state input value represents the baseline inlet electrolyte flow rate required to maintain the electrolyzer temperature at the target stable state (neither continuously increasing nor continuously decreasing), typically expressed in cubic meters per hour (m³ / h). 3 / h) or liters per minute (L / min).

[0114] Specifically, the steady-state input value of the inlet electrolyte flow rate of the electrolyzer can be calculated using the following relationship (3):

[0115]

[0116] In the formula: q represents the steady-state input value; ρ represents the density of water; T represents the specific heat capacity of water. set This indicates the set outlet temperature of the electrolytic cell.

[0117] Furthermore, the steady-state input value q of the electrolytic cell can be limited to the physical adjustment range of the flow valve (e.g., 0.5–5 m). 3 / h), if the calculated value is 6m 3 If / h (exceeding the upper limit), then it is truncated to 5m. 3 / h, and triggers the heat exchanger to assist in cooling.

[0118] Furthermore, q-changes (e.g., from 1.33m) can be processed using first-order inertial filtering (e.g., a time constant of 5 seconds). 3 / h surged to 3m3 / h), to avoid mechanical wear caused by frequent and large movements of the flow valve.

[0119] Furthermore, q can be corrected based on the "opening-flow nonlinear characteristics" of the flow valve (e.g., low flow gain at low opening).

[0120] Furthermore, the processed flow rate value can be converted into a standardized control signal, namely the electrolyte flow rate feedforward control signal (such as a 0-10V voltage signal, 1m). 3 / h corresponds to 2V, 5m 3 / h corresponds to 10V).

[0121] Step S303: Determine the back-end control signal for electrolyte flow rate based on the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set.

[0122] Specifically, step S303 includes:

[0123] Step S3031: Obtain the centralized outlet temperature measurement value of real-time temperature monitoring parameters.

[0124] Specifically, after the electrolyte flows through the electrolytic cell, it carries away some of the heat of the reaction. Its outlet temperature is directly related to the thermal balance state inside the electrolytic cell. Therefore, by obtaining the outlet temperature measurement value, the real-time thermal state of the electrolytic cell can be accurately fed back.

[0125] Step S3031: Determine the outlet temperature difference based on the measured outlet temperature value and the preset outlet temperature value.

[0126] Among them, the preset outlet temperature value represents the target temperature set in advance based on the requirements of optimal operating efficiency and reaction safety of the electrolyzer.

[0127] Specifically, the outlet temperature difference TT is calculated based on the measured outlet temperature value and the preset outlet temperature value. sst .

[0128] Furthermore, if the outlet temperature difference is positive, it means that the actual outlet temperature is higher than the target temperature, that is, the electrolyzer is currently in an overheated state, and the electrolyte flow rate needs to be increased to remove more heat.

[0129] Furthermore, if the outlet temperature difference is negative, it indicates that the actual outlet temperature is lower than the target temperature, meaning that the electrolyzer is currently in an underheated state and the electrolyte flow rate needs to be reduced to reduce heat loss.

[0130] Furthermore, if the outlet temperature difference is close to 0, it means that the actual temperature is basically the same as the target temperature, and there is no need to significantly adjust the flow rate.

[0131] In step S3033, the outlet temperature difference is processed by the second controller to obtain the electrolyte flow control signal.

[0132] The second controller can be a PID controller.

[0133] Specifically, the outlet temperature difference is input into the PID controller and calculated using the PID algorithm:

[0134] (1) Proportional element (P): Based on the magnitude of the temperature difference, it outputs a control quantity that is proportional to the difference. The larger the difference, the larger the initial adjustment amplitude, and the faster the deviation is suppressed.

[0135] (2) Integral stage (I): Accumulate historical differences to eliminate static deviations (such as the problem of persistent differences caused by equipment wear and environmental changes, ensuring that the temperature remains stable at the preset value during long-term operation);

[0136] (3) Differential element (D): Based on the rate of change of the difference, predict the trend of deviation in advance (e.g., when the difference increases rapidly, increase the adjustment range in advance; when the difference tends to decrease, decrease the adjustment range in advance) to avoid temperature overshoot or oscillation.

[0137] Furthermore, if it is another type of controller, the temperature difference can be processed according to the corresponding algorithm (such as proportional control P, proportional-integral control PI) to output the initial flow regulation amount.

[0138] Furthermore, the flow adjustment amount calculated by the controller (e.g., "an additional 0.5m³ is required") can be used to adjust the flow rate. 3 " / h flow rate" needs to be reduced by 0.3m 3 The flow rate (" / h flow") is converted into a standardized industrial control signal, namely the electrolyte flow rate back-end control signal.

[0139] Step S304: Determine the opening signal of the flow control valve based on the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal and the electrolyte flow downstream control signal. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 Step S204 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described again here.

[0140] Step S305: The valve opening of the flow control valve is controlled using an opening signal to control the electrolyte input flow rate into the electrolytic cell. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 Step S205 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described again here.

[0141] The electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method provided in this embodiment calculates the heat generation power of the electrolytic cell using real-time voltage and current values. Simultaneously, it calculates the heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell using thermal resistance, outlet temperature, and ambient temperature, ensuring that the calculation results are consistent with the actual thermal state of the electrolytic cell. Furthermore, the calculation combining real-time voltage and current values ​​accurately reflects the difference between the total input electrical power and the effective electrolysis power of the electrolytic cell, i.e., the actual heat generation, avoiding calculation errors caused by ignoring voltage changes and ensuring the accuracy of feedforward compensation. Furthermore, the calculation using junction thermal resistance, outlet temperature, and ambient temperature values ​​accurately reflects the heat loss from the electrolytic cell to the environment. Furthermore, the steady-state input value of the inlet electrolyte flow rate, calculated using the heat generation power, heat dissipation, and real-time temperature monitoring parameter set, can offset the reference flow rate for temperature fluctuations under current operating conditions, solving the shortcomings of existing feedforward control methods that lack a steady-state reference and suffer from large signal fluctuations. Furthermore, by processing the steady-state input value through the first controller to determine the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal, the sudden flow rate fluctuations that might occur if the steady-state input value were directly used as the control signal are avoided, reducing the impact on the electrolyzer and extending the equipment lifespan. Furthermore, processing the steady-state input value through the first controller allows for better adaptation to minor disturbances in real-time operating conditions, ensuring that the feedforward control signal conforms to theoretical calculations and adapts to actual operational deviations. Furthermore, by directly generating the electrolyte flow back-end control signal using the difference between the outlet temperature measurements from the real-time temperature monitoring parameters, the shortcomings of existing technologies that only correct inlet temperature and ignore outlet temperature deviations are addressed, ensuring that the outlet temperature remains stable within the optimal operating range. Furthermore, processing the outlet temperature difference through the second controller eliminates both static and dynamic deviations, avoiding the problems of existing technologies where simple proportional regulation cannot eliminate static error and has slow response speed, thus improving the control accuracy of the outlet temperature. Furthermore, the back-end control signal of electrolyte flow can correct the temperature control deviation caused by parameter errors or unknown disturbances in the feedforward control, solving the defects of simple feedforward control that cannot sense the output result and cannot correct the deviation. It forms a closed-loop control of feedforward prediction and feedback correction, which further improves the temperature control stability.

[0142] This embodiment provides a method for controlling the outlet temperature of an electrolytic cell, which can be used as follows: Figure 1 The control device 12 shown is connected to the flow control valve 112, which is located at the inlet of the electrolytic cell 111.

[0143] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of an electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0144] Step S401: Obtain the real-time operating status parameter set and real-time temperature monitoring parameter set of the electrolytic cell. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation].Figure 2 Step S201 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described again here.

[0145] Step S402: Determine the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal based on the real-time operating status parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 Step S302 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described again here.

[0146] Step S403: Determine the electrolyte flow control signal based on the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 Step S303 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described again here.

[0147] Step S404: Determine the opening signal of the flow control valve based on the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal and the electrolyte flow back-end control signal.

[0148] Specifically, step S404 includes:

[0149] Step S4041: Determine the target electrolyte flow rate based on the electrolyte flow rate feedforward control signal and the electrolyte flow rate back-end control signal.

[0150] Specifically, the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal is the reference flow rate generated by the current, and the electrolyte flow back-end control signal is the correction flow rate that needs to be added due to the high temperature. Therefore, by superimposing the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal and the electrolyte flow back-end control signal, the corresponding target electrolyte flow rate can be calculated.

[0151] In some alternative implementations, the calculated target flow rate can also be compared with the minimum and maximum safe flow rates allowed by the electrolyzer.

[0152] Furthermore, if the target flow rate exceeds the upper limit (e.g., the calculated result is 9.0m), 3 If / h), then the cutoff is 8.0m. 3 / h, and triggers a system alarm message "Traffic demand exceeded".

[0153] Furthermore, if the target flow rate is below the lower limit (e.g., the calculated result is 0.8m), 3 If / h), then increase to 1.0m. 3 / h, to avoid localized overheating of the electrolytic cell due to excessively low flow rate.

[0154] Step S4042: Based on the target electrolyte flow rate, determine the opening percentage of the flow control valve through a preset characteristic curve.

[0155] Among them, the preset characteristic curve represents the corresponding relationship curve between the "opening percentage" of the flow control valve and the "actual electrolyte flow rate".

[0156] Specifically, the corresponding opening percentage can be found on the characteristic curve based on the target electrolyte flow rate.

[0157] In some alternative implementations, for valves with strong nonlinearity, piecewise functions or polynomial fitting formulas can be used for accurate calculation (e.g., a linear function for low opening and a quadratic function for high opening) to avoid flow deviations caused by linear estimation.

[0158] Furthermore, the calculated opening percentage can be restricted to a physically feasible range of 0% to 100% (e.g., if the calculated percentage is 110%, it can be forcibly set to 100%; if the calculated percentage is -5%, it can be forcibly set to 0%).

[0159] Furthermore, if an over-limit situation occurs, it can be recorded simultaneously and used for subsequent valve maintenance or control parameter optimization.

[0160] Step S4043: Convert the opening percentage to obtain the opening signal of the flow control valve.

[0161] Specifically, the signal type can be determined based on the type of valve actuator (electric, pneumatic, etc.). Simultaneously, the correspondence between the signal range and the valve opening degree can also be determined.

[0162] Furthermore, a linear conversion formula can be used to convert the opening percentage into an electrical signal value. Taking 4 to 20mA as an example: Signal value (mA) = 4 + (Opening percentage / 100) × (20 - 4).

[0163] Furthermore, the converted electrical signal can be sent to the actuator of the flow control valve, and the output signal can be monitored in real time through the signal feedback module to see if it matches the calculated value.

[0164] Furthermore, if the signal deviation exceeds the standard, the signal conditioning module can be triggered to perform compensation (such as adjusting the output gain) to ensure that the actuator receives an accurate signal.

[0165] Step S405: The valve opening of the flow control valve is controlled using an opening signal to control the electrolyte input flow rate into the electrolytic cell. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 Step S205 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described again here.

[0166] The electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method provided in this embodiment converts the target electrolyte flow rate into an opening percentage through a preset characteristic curve. This avoids the problem of discrepancies between opening adjustments and flow rate changes caused by ignoring the valve's nonlinear characteristics, ensuring accurate achievement of the target flow rate. Furthermore, converting the opening percentage into a valve-recognizable electrical signal solves the problem of mismatch between the signal format and the valve actuator in existing technologies, ensuring that the valve can accurately receive and execute opening commands, thus avoiding the defect of temperature control commands failing to be implemented. Therefore, by implementing this invention, the defects of ambiguous logic in the conversion between control signals and valve opening, and the mismatch between flow rate and opening degree in existing technologies are resolved, ensuring that temperature control commands are accurately converted into valve actions.

[0167] This embodiment provides an electrolytic cell outlet temperature control system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the electrolyzer outlet temperature control system 1 includes: an electrolyzer hydrogen production device 11 and a control device 12.

[0168] Furthermore, the electrolytic hydrogen production device 11 includes: an electrolytic cell 111, a flow control valve 112, a heat exchanger 113, a circulating pump 114, a first separation tank 115, and a second separation tank 116. Both the first separation tank 115 and the second separation tank 116 are hydrogen / water separation tanks.

[0169] Furthermore, the control device 12 includes: a first controller 121, a second controller 122, and an electrolyte valve opening controller 123.

[0170] Among them, the flow control valve 112 is connected to the heat exchanger 113 and the electrolytic cell 111 respectively. By connecting the flow control valve in series with the heat exchanger, the inlet temperature can be reduced through the heat exchanger to assist in temperature control. This solves the problem of insufficient capacity of the existing technology with single flow regulation or single heat exchange temperature control, and improves the redundancy of temperature control.

[0171] Furthermore, the circulating pump 114 is connected to the second separation tank 116 and the heat exchanger 113 respectively.

[0172] Furthermore, the electrolytic cell 111 is connected to the first separation tank 115 and the second separation tank 116 respectively. The connection design of the first separation tank 115 and the second separation tank 116 ensures the continuous replenishment of electrolyte and the effective separation of gas, avoids the failure of flow control due to insufficient electrolyte or the safety risks caused by gas accumulation, and provides a stable operating environment for temperature control.

[0173] Specifically, focusing on "stabilizing the outlet temperature of the electrolyzer," precise temperature control is achieved through the coordinated flow of fluid circulation in the electrolyzer hydrogen production unit and the feedforward-feedback coordination of the control unit. The specific process includes:

[0174] (1) Electrolyte circulation and pretreatment: The electrolyte in the second separation tank 116 is transported to the heat exchanger 113 by the circulation pump 114. After completing the cooling pretreatment, it flows to the flow control valve 112 at the inlet of the electrolytic cell 111.

[0175] (2) Feedforward control prediction adjustment: The first controller 121 receives the real-time operating parameters (current, voltage, etc.) and temperature parameters (outlet temperature, ambient temperature) of the electrolytic cell 111, calculates the heat generation power and heat dissipation, generates a feedforward control signal, and transmits it to the electrolyte valve opening controller 123.

[0176] (3) Feedback control deviation correction: The second controller 122 compares the measured value of the outlet temperature of the electrolytic cell 111 with the preset value, calculates the temperature difference and generates a back-end control signal, which is also transmitted to the electrolyte valve opening controller 123.

[0177] (4) Precise control of valve opening: The electrolyte valve opening controller 123 superimposes the feedforward and back-end signals, and determines the opening signal of the flow control valve 112 by combining the preset characteristic curve, and adjusts the flow rate of the electrolyte entering the electrolytic cell 111, thereby controlling the heat removal efficiency through the flow rate change.

[0178] (5) Product separation and closed-loop circulation: After the electrolyte in the electrolyzer 111 participates in the hydrogen production reaction, the gas-liquid mixture enters the first separation tank 115 (separating hydrogen) and the second separation tank 116 (separating oxygen and electrolyte), respectively. The separated electrolyte re-enters the circulation pump 114 to form a closed loop. At the same time, the outlet temperature sensor continuously monitors the temperature and feeds it back to the control device 12 for dynamic optimization and control.

[0179] The electrolyzer outlet temperature control system provided in this embodiment, by setting up a first controller, a second controller, and an electrolyte valve opening controller, ensures efficient coordination of the feedforward, feedback, and execution links, thereby improving temperature control efficiency. Furthermore, by implementing the electrolyzer outlet temperature control method of the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment described above, the problem of existing general-purpose control systems being unable to adapt to specific temperature control requirements and exhibiting poor execution performance is solved. Furthermore, the electrolyzer hydrogen production unit is responsible for hydrogen production, while the control system is responsible for temperature control. Their collaborative work ensures the stability of the hydrogen production process and avoids a decrease in hydrogen production efficiency or equipment damage due to temperature fluctuations, thus improving the overall safety and economy of the hydrogen production system.

[0180] In one instance, such as Figure 5 As shown, a hydrogen production system is provided. Compared with a conventional hydrogen production system, it has an electrolyte flow control valve at the inlet of the electrolyzer. By controlling the valve opening, the electrolyte flow rate can be changed to control the temperature at the downstream end of the electrolyzer.

[0181] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 andFigure 7 As shown, a method for controlling the outlet temperature of an electrolyzer with fluctuating power is provided. The specific control steps are as follows:

[0182] 1. Obtain the current input current of the electrolyzer, and based on the current current magnitude, obtain the steady-state input value of the electrolyte flow rate at the inlet of the electrolyzer, which is used as the first input signal.

[0183] 2. Obtain the measured temperature value at the back end of the electrolytic cell, and determine the second input signal based on the difference between the set value and the measured value of the back end temperature of the electrolytic cell.

[0184] 3. Determine the opening signal of the electrolyte flow valve based on the first input signal and the second input signal.

[0185] Specifically, for the first controller in step 1, the feedforward control signal is obtained using the following method:

[0186] (a) Obtaining the real-time voltage U of the electrolytic cell etack Calculate the heat output of the electrolytic cell as shown in the above formula (1);

[0187] (b) Calculate the heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell, as shown in the above relationship (2);

[0188] (c) Calculate the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal, as shown in the above relationship (3).

[0189] Furthermore, for the second controller in step 2, feedback control can use a PID controller, whose input is the difference between the measured temperature at the back end of the electrolytic cell and the set temperature.

[0190] The electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method provided in this example, applicable to fluctuating power, has the following effects:

[0191] 1. By adding an electrolyte flow control mechanism, the temperature at the back end of the electrolytic cell can be controlled, thereby reducing temperature fluctuations at the back end of the electrolytic cell.

[0192] 2. By using feedforward control, the influence of electrolytic cell power fluctuations on electrolytic cell temperature fluctuations is quickly compensated, and temperature fluctuations at the downstream end of the electrolytic cell are suppressed.

[0193] 3. By using feedback control, the problem of feedforward control being unable to detect the deviation between the output result and the target temperature is solved.

[0194] Furthermore, in some optional embodiments, the effects of the electrolyzer outlet temperature control method for fluctuating power provided in the above examples are as follows: Figure 8 As shown. Specifically, the inlet temperature of the electrolytic cell is 50 degrees Celsius, the set temperature of the outlet temperature controller is 70 degrees Celsius, and the electrolytic cell temperature changes with the input current. From Figure 8As can be seen, compared with conventional PID feedback control, the change in the outlet temperature of the electrolytic cell is very small when using feedforward-feedback control.

[0195] This invention also provides a computer device for performing the above-described... Figures 2 to 4 The method for controlling the outlet temperature of the electrolytic cell is shown.

[0196] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the computer device includes one or more processors 10, memory 20, and interfaces for connecting the components, including high-speed interfaces and low-speed interfaces. The components communicate with each other via different buses and can be mounted on a common motherboard or otherwise installed as needed. The processors can process instructions executed within the computer device, including instructions stored in or on memory to display graphical information of a GUI on external input / output devices (such as display devices coupled to the interfaces). In some alternative implementations, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used with multiple memories, if desired. Similarly, multiple computer devices can be connected, each providing some of the necessary operations (e.g., as a server array, a group of blade servers, or a multiprocessor system). Figure 9 Take a processor 10 as an example.

[0197] Processor 10 may be a central processing unit, a network processor, or a combination thereof. Processor 10 may further include a hardware chip. The hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The programmable logic device may be a complex programmable logic device (CAMP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a general-purpose array logic (GDA), or any combination thereof.

[0198] The memory 20 stores instructions executable by at least one processor 10 to cause at least one processor 10 to perform the method shown in the above embodiments.

[0199] The memory 20 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and applications required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created based on the use of the computer device. Furthermore, the memory 20 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device. In some alternative embodiments, the memory 20 may optionally include memory remotely located relative to the processor 10, and these remote memories may be connected to the computer device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0200] The memory 20 may include volatile memory, such as random access memory; the memory may also include non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, hard disk or solid-state drive; the memory 20 may also include a combination of the above types of memory.

[0201] The computer device also includes a communication interface 30 for communicating with other devices or communication networks.

[0202] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The methods described above according to embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware or firmware, or implemented as computer code that can be recorded on a storage medium, or implemented as computer code downloaded via a network and originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and then stored on a local storage medium. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory. It is understood that computers, processors, microprocessor controllers, or programmable hardware include storage components capable of storing or receiving software or computer code, which, when accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, implements the methods shown in the above embodiments.

[0203] A portion of this invention can be applied as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to the invention through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art will understand that the forms in which computer program instructions exist in a computer-readable medium include, but are not limited to, source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways in which computer program instructions are executed by a computer include, but are not limited to: the computer directly executing the instructions, or the computer compiling the instructions and then executing the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reading and executing the instructions, or the computer reading and installing the instructions and then executing the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to a computer.

[0204] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the outlet temperature of an electrolytic cell, characterized in that, A control device is used, the control device being connected to a flow control valve, the flow control valve being disposed at the inlet of the electrolytic cell; the method includes: Obtain the real-time operating status parameter set and real-time temperature monitoring parameter set of the electrolytic cell; The electrolyte flow feedforward control signal is determined based on the real-time operating status parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set. Based on the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set, determine the back-end control signal for electrolyte flow; The opening signal of the flow control valve is determined based on the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal and the electrolyte flow back-end control signal. The opening degree of the flow control valve is controlled by the opening degree signal to control the input flow rate of the electrolyte into the electrolytic cell, and the input flow rate of the electrolyte affects the outlet temperature of the electrolytic cell.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control device includes a first controller; it determines an electrolyte flow feedforward control signal based on the real-time operating status parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set. The heat generation power and heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell are calculated based on the real-time operating status parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set. Based on the heat generation power, the heat dissipation, and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set, the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal is obtained after processing by the first controller.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the real-time operating status parameter set and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set, the heat generation power and heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell are calculated, including: Obtain the real-time voltage value, real-time current value, and thermal resistance value from the real-time operating status parameter set; Obtain the outlet temperature value and ambient temperature value of the real-time temperature monitoring parameters; The heat generation power of the electrolytic cell is calculated based on the real-time voltage value and the real-time current value. The heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell is calculated based on the thermal resistance value, the outlet temperature value, and the ambient temperature value.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the heat generation power, the heat dissipation, and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set, the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal is obtained after processing by the first controller, including: The steady-state input value of the inlet electrolyte flow rate of the electrolytic cell is calculated based on the heat generation power, the heat dissipation, and the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set. The steady-state input value is processed by the first controller to obtain the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control device further includes a second controller; based on the real-time temperature monitoring parameter set, it determines the electrolyte flow rate back-end control signal, including: Obtain the outlet temperature measurement value of the real-time temperature monitoring parameters; The outlet temperature difference is determined based on the measured outlet temperature value and the preset outlet temperature value. The outlet temperature difference is processed by the second controller to obtain the electrolyte flow rate back-end control signal.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening signal of the flow control valve is determined based on the electrolyte flow feedforward control signal and the electrolyte flow downstream control signal, including: The target electrolyte flow rate is determined based on the electrolyte flow rate feedforward control signal and the electrolyte flow rate back-end control signal; Based on the target electrolyte flow rate, the opening percentage of the flow control valve is determined using a preset characteristic curve; The opening percentage is converted to obtain the opening signal of the flow control valve.

7. A temperature control system for the outlet of an electrolytic cell, characterized in that, The system includes: an electrolyzer hydrogen production device and a control device, the control device including a first controller, a second controller and an electrolyte valve opening controller, the electrolyte valve opening controller being used to determine the opening signal; The control device is used to execute the electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6; The electrolyzer hydrogen production device is used for hydrogen production operations.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The electrolytic cell hydrogen production device includes: an electrolytic cell, a flow control valve, a heat exchanger, a circulating pump, a first separation tank, and a second separation tank; The flow control valve is connected to the heat exchanger and the electrolytic cell respectively, and the circulating pump is connected to the second separation tank and the heat exchanger respectively; The electrolytic cell is connected to the first separation tank and the second separation tank, respectively.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the electrolytic cell outlet temperature control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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