Feed for young pigeons in middle growth stage and preparation method of feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nestling pigeon feeds, in particular to a feed for nestling pigeons in the middle stage of growth and a preparation method thereof, and the feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 511 parts of corn, 55 parts of soybean meal, 115 parts of fermented soybean meal, 70 parts of full-fat extruded soybeans, 90 parts of wheat, 65 parts of fish meal, 10.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 12 parts of stone powder, 0.45 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of DL-lysine, 2.5 parts of sodium chloride, 13.45 parts of premix and 55 parts of grease. By means of the method, the feeding mode that nestling pigeons go in and out at the same time is achieved, concentrated epidemic prevention of nestling pigeon breeding is facilitated, the service cycle of meat breeding pigeons is prolonged, and the method has a great promoting effect on finally further improving standardization and large-scale production of the meat pigeon industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pigeon feed technology, specifically to a mid-growth feed for pigeons and its preparation method, and more specifically, to a mid-growth feed for 12-19 day-old pigeons and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Pigeon milk and mammalian mammary gland epithelial cells secrete milk in fundamental ways, differing in their formation process and composition. Studies show that within the first week after hatching, the composition of pigeon milk secreted by parent pigeons is relatively stable. After one week, in addition to pigeon milk, parent pigeons will regurgitate some of their feed and feed it to the chicks. Before 14 days of age, the proportion of pigeon milk gradually decreases, while feed intake gradually increases. By 20 days of age, parent pigeons essentially stop producing pigeon milk, only softening the feed in their crop and feeding it to the chicks along with digestive juices. Currently, there are many reports of the use of artificial fattening feed for chicks after 20 days of age. However, applying it as early as 12 days of age can easily lead to poor growth performance and even death in chicks. This indicates that 12-19 days of age is a critical period for chicks to transition from natural pigeon milk to feed, and the influence of pigeon milk on their growth cannot be completely ignored. Therefore, developing artificial feed specifically for 12-19 day old pigeons in the mid-growth stage has become an urgent problem to be solved in the artificial feeding of pigeons throughout the entire stage. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the Invention: This invention addresses the problems existing in the prior art by disclosing a mid-growth feed for young pigeons and its preparation method. This invention specifically develops a mid-growth feed for 12-19 day-old young pigeons, solving the problems of achieving a "same-in, same-out" feeding model for young pigeons, facilitating centralized disease prevention in young pigeon farming, and extending the service life of breeding pigeons. This greatly promotes the standardization and large-scale development of the pigeon industry.

[0004] Technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a mid-growth feed for young pigeons, comprising, by weight: The mixture comprises 511 parts corn, 55 parts soybean meal, 115 parts fermented soybean meal, 70 parts whole fat puffed soybean, 90 parts wheat, 65 parts fish meal, 10.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 12 parts limestone powder, 0.45 parts DL-methionine, 0.2 parts DL-lysine, 2.5 parts sodium chloride, 13.45 parts premix, and 55 parts oil. The premix, by weight, includes: 0.025 parts glucose oxidase, 0.3 parts corn-soybean meal complex enzyme preparation, 0.2 parts ethoxyquin, 0.4 parts calcium propionate, 0.3 parts complex vitamins, 0.2 parts complex minerals, 1.8 parts pectin, 0.25 g Tianlihuang, and 9.975 parts 80-mesh soybean meal powder.

[0005] Furthermore, the activity of glucose oxidase was 10000 U / g.

[0006] Furthermore, the corn-soybean meal type compound enzyme preparation contains: xylanase 13200U / g, acidic protease 5000U / g, mannanase 1200U / g, cellulase 320U / g, mesophilic amylase 1200U / g, neutral protease 2000U / g, alkaline protease 4000U / g, and pullulanase 20000U / g.

[0007] Furthermore, the complex minerals include copper sulfate pentahydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate hexahydrate, and potassium iodide.

[0008] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing mid-growth feed for pigeons as described in any of the above claims, comprising the following steps: (1) Initial screening of raw materials The corn, wheat and other particulate materials in the formula are initially screened to remove moldy, abnormally large or small particles and impurities. (2) Preparation of coarse powder mixture The sieved granules are coarsely ground together with soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, fish meal, and full-fat puffed soybeans in the formula to obtain a primary mixture. Then, the formula amounts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, limestone powder, DL-lysine, DL-methionine, and sodium chloride are added to the primary mixture and stirred thoroughly to obtain a coarse powder mixture. (3) Preparation of ultrafine powder Add the coarse powder mixture obtained in step (2) to an ultra-fine pulverizer for ultra-fine pulverization and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve. Large particles that do not pass through the sieve are returned to the ultra-fine pulverizer for secondary pulverization and sieving, and the sieved materials are combined to obtain ultra-fine pulverized material. (4) Premixing The premix was prepared by mixing glucose oxidase, corn-soybean meal complex enzyme preparation, ethoxyquin, calcium propionate, complex vitamins, complex minerals, pectin, Tianlihuang, and 80-mesh soybean meal powder in a mass ratio of 0.025:0.3:0.2:0.4:0.3:0.2:1.8:0.25:9.975. Add the formulated amount of oil and the premix prepared in step (4) to the ultrafine powder obtained in step (3), and mix evenly to obtain the feed for the middle growth stage of pigeons.

[0009] Thirdly, the present invention provides a method for feeding mid-growth feed for young pigeons as described in any of the above claims. Every morning at 7:00 AM, based on the standard that each 20-30 day old young pigeon consumes 45-55g of feed, the powdered mid-growth feed for young pigeons as described in any of claims 1-4 is weighed, placed in an insulated container, and then thoroughly mixed with warm water at 37-40°C. The solid-liquid ratio of the feed to the warm water is 1:2.5. The prepared feed is then poured into the crop of the young pigeons and fed once a day.

[0010] Beneficial Effects: This invention precisely formulates a complete feed based on the nutritional requirements of 12-19 day old pigeons during their mid-growth stage, including energy, protein, amino acids, minerals, and vitamins. This feed meets the nutritional needs of pigeons transitioning from consuming pigeon milk to eating commercial feed under natural conditions. Supplemented with various enzyme preparations, it comprehensively addresses the poor and uneven growth performance issues that occur in existing feed formulations during the mid-growth stage of pigeons. Furthermore, this invention solves the problem of uneven feeding caused by inconsistent mixing of feed and water during manual feeding, which often results in solid-liquid separation, by using ultra-fine grinding and adding thickeners. This facilitates operation during manual feeding and reduces the risk of clogging feeding pipes. This invention enables a "same-in, same-out" feeding model for pigeons, facilitates centralized disease prevention in pigeon farming, and extends the lifespan of breeding pigeons, ultimately promoting the standardization and large-scale production of the pigeon meat industry. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for preparing feed for mid-growth pigeons disclosed in this invention; Figure 2 A comparative chart showing the effects of natural feeding and artificial feeding on the weight of young pigeons during the mid-growth stage. Detailed Implementation The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0012] Implementation method 1: This embodiment provides a mid-growth feed for pigeon chicks, comprising, by weight: The ingredients are: 511 parts corn, 55 parts soybean meal, 115 parts fermented soybean meal, 70 parts whole fat puffed soybean, 90 parts wheat, 65 parts fish meal, 10.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 12 parts limestone powder, 0.45 parts DL-methionine, 0.2 parts DL-lysine, 2.5 parts sodium chloride, 13.45 parts premix, and 55 parts oil. The premix, by weight, includes: 0.025 parts glucose oxidase, 0.3 parts corn-soybean meal complex enzyme preparation, 0.2 parts ethoxyquin, 0.4 parts calcium propionate, 0.3 parts complex vitamins, 0.2 parts complex minerals, 1.8 parts pectin, 0.25 g Tianlihuang, and 9.975 parts 80-mesh soybean meal powder.

[0013] The activity of the above-mentioned glucose oxidase is 10000 U / g; the corn-soybean meal type compound enzyme preparation contains: xylanase 13200 U / g, acidic protease 5000 U / g, mannanase 1200 U / g, cellulase 320 U / g, mesophilic amylase 1200 U / g, neutral protease 2000 U / g, alkaline protease 4000 U / g, pullulanase 20000 U / g; the compound minerals include copper sulfate pentahydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate hexahydrate, and potassium iodide.

[0014] Implementation Method 2: This embodiment provides a method for preparing feed for pigeons during the mid-growth stage, including the following steps: (1) Initial screening of raw materials The corn, wheat and other particulate materials in the formula are initially screened to remove moldy, abnormally large or small particles and impurities. (2) Preparation of coarse powder mixture The sieved granules are coarsely ground together with soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, fish meal, and full-fat puffed soybeans in the formula to obtain a primary mixture. Then, the formula amounts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, limestone powder, DL-lysine, DL-methionine, and sodium chloride are added to the primary mixture and stirred thoroughly to obtain a coarse powder mixture. (3) Preparation of ultrafine powder Add the coarse powder mixture obtained in step (2) to an ultra-fine pulverizer for ultra-fine pulverization and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve. Large particles that do not pass through the sieve are returned to the ultra-fine pulverizer for secondary pulverization and sieving, and the sieved materials are combined to obtain ultra-fine pulverized material. (4) Premixing The premix was prepared by mixing glucose oxidase, corn-soybean meal complex enzyme preparation, ethoxyquin, calcium propionate, complex vitamins, complex minerals, pectin, Tianlihuang, and 80-mesh soybean meal powder in a mass ratio of 0.025:0.3:0.2:0.4:0.3:0.2:1.8:0.25:9.975. Add the formulated amount of oil and the premix prepared in step (3) to the ultrafine powder obtained in step (3), and mix evenly to obtain the feed for the middle growth stage of pigeons.

[0015] Implementation Method 3: This embodiment provides a method for feeding pigeons during the mid-growth stage, and the specific steps are as follows: Feeding time begins at 7:00 AM daily. The feed intake for each chick is approximately: 30-40g at 12 days old, 45g at 13-17 days old, and 55g at 18-19 days old. Weigh the powdered feed according to this standard and place it in an insulated container. Thoroughly mix it with 37-40 degree warm water at a feed-to-water ratio of 1:2.5. Pour the mixture into a dedicated manual feeding device or a simple plastic bottle with a rubber tube. Insert the rubber tube into the chick's throat and squeeze the feed into the crop until it is full. Feed once or twice a day. The specific amount of feed can be adjusted according to the chick's growth and development and its actual digestion and absorption of the feed.

[0016] Application Example 1. Effects of different grinding conditions and thickeners on the settling rate of artificially fed pigeons during the mid-growth stage in water.

[0017] According to the formulation of the mid-growth feed for chicks in Implementation Method 1, the basic feeds such as corn, full-fat extruded soybeans, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, fish meal, and wheat were ground into two different particle sizes: one was coarse powder according to the conventional poultry feed particle size, and the other was moderately ultra-finely ground and passed through an 80-mesh sieve. After being mixed evenly, they were thoroughly stirred again with premix (excluding pectin components) and oil, and then mixed with different thickeners (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC-Na and pectin). The thickeners were used as follows: under coarse powder conditions, no thickener, 1‰ CMC-Na, 3‰ CMC-Na, 5‰ CMC-Na, 7‰ CMC-Na, and 7‰ CMC-Na + 2‰ pectin were used respectively; under ultra-fine powder conditions, no thickener, 1‰ pectin, and 2‰ pectin were used respectively. The feed formulation of each group was balanced with a carrier (sifted soybean meal powder through an 80-mesh sieve), and mixed evenly at a feed-to-water ratio of 1:2.5. The solid-liquid separation time was recorded.

[0018] 2. Solid-liquid separation time recording method As described in the experimental design, weigh 20g of fertilizer into a 100ml beaker, mix it thoroughly with water at a ratio of 1:2.5, and let it stand until solid-liquid separation occurs. Record the time when the powder sinks to 3mm below the liquid surface.

[0019] 3. Results The results are shown in Table 1, and all are expressed as the average of three measurements.

[0020]

[0021] As shown in the table above, under coarse powder conditions, the solid-liquid separation time of feed is prolonged with the increase of CMC-Na concentration. Replacing part of CMC-Na with pectin is more effective than using CMC-Na alone. Ultrafine grinding through an 80-mesh sieve can significantly prolong the solid-liquid separation of feed in water, and only 1.8‰ pectin is needed to achieve a very good suspension effect.

[0022] Considering both particle size and the method of using thickeners, ultra-fine grinding through an 80-mesh sieve and 1.8‰ pectin can achieve better uniformity and suspension effect in artificial feeding of chicks during the transition period under the condition of a feed-to-water ratio of 1:2.5.

[0023] According to the formulation ratio in Table 2, corn, wheat, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, fish meal, and full-fat extruded soybeans are coarsely ground and then thoroughly mixed with calcium dihydrogen phosphate, limestone powder, crystalline lysine, methionine, and sodium chloride. The coarse powder mixture is then fed into an ultrafine pulverizer for ultrafine grinding and sieving through an 80-mesh sieve. Large particles that do not pass through the sieve are returned to the ultrafine pulverizer for secondary grinding and sieving, and the sieved materials are combined. Using the soybean meal that has passed through the 80-mesh sieve as a carrier, pectin, glucose oxidase, a corn-soybean meal type compound enzyme preparation, ethoxyquinoline, calcium propionate, compound vitamins, and compound minerals are mixed evenly. Finally, the feed ingredients, oils, and premixes are thoroughly mixed according to the ratio in Table 1 and then packaged.

[0024]

[0025] 2. Feeding method: An artificial feeding experiment was conducted on chicks using a wire mesh frame. The feeding period was from 12 to 19 days old, a total of 9 days. Feeding was carried out at a room temperature of 25±3℃, starting at 7:00 AM each day. The feed intake per chick was approximately: 30-40g at 12 days old, 45g at 13-17 days old, and 55g at 18-19 days old. The powdered feed was weighed according to this standard and placed in an insulated container. It was thoroughly mixed with 37-40 degree warm water at a feed-to-water ratio of 1:2.5. The mixture was then placed into a special artificial feeding device or a simple plastic bottle with a rubber tube. The rubber tube was inserted into the chick's throat to squeeze the feed into the crop until it was full. Feeding was required once or twice a day. The specific amount of feed could be adjusted according to the chick's growth and development and the actual digestion and absorption of the feed.

[0026] The comparative experiment was divided into five groups: (1) control group: natural feeding group of parent pigeons, (2) four experimental groups (experimental groups 1-4): artificial feeding groups 1-4. The experimental factor design was adopted with 2×2, the energy gradient was 12.5 and 13.29 MJ / kg, and the protein gradient was 19.26 and 20.30%. There were 6 replicates in each group, and 6 chicks in each replicate. The feed ingredients and nutritional composition for broodstock pigeons are as follows: 55% corn, 24.5% soybean meal (44.2% crude protein), 11% wheat, 1.2% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2% limestone powder, 0.25% salt, 0.5% premix, 2% soybean oil, 3.42% zeolite powder, 0.07% lysine, and 0.06% methionine (16.67% crude protein, 12.00 MJ / kg energy, 1.13% calcium, 0.34% available phosphorus, 0.89% lysine, 0.31% methionine).

[0027] At 19 days of age, the young pigeons were weighed, and two pigeons were randomly selected from each replicate for slaughter, with a total of 12 pigeons per treatment group. The entire intestine was removed and separated into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. A 1cm segment of each intestine was taken and fixed in formaldehyde for preservation. The pancreas was removed and temporarily stored in ice packs at -80℃ until analysis.

[0028] The fixed intestine was trimmed, rinsed to remove the fixative, and then subjected to the following steps: dehydration, clearing, paraffin embedding, embedding, sectioning, baking, clearing, soaking in water, staining, washing, color separation, bluing, and mounting with neutral resin. The villus height and crypt depth were observed using a phase-contrast microscope and analyzed using ImageJ 1.46 software.

[0029] 5. Enzyme activity assay: The pancreas was homogenized with 4 times its weight / volume of 0.9% ice-cold physiological saline, centrifuged at 10000g for 15 minutes, and the supernatant was collected to determine amylase, trypsin and lipase. The determination method was performed according to the instructions of the Nanjing Jiancheng reagent kit.

[0030] Results are expressed as mean ± standard error. Feeding effectiveness was evaluated based on three main indicators: survival rate, mortality rate, and health status. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with SPSS 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0031] Both natural feeding by parent pigeons and artificial feeding with pigeon milk resulted in no deaths among the chicks; the survival rate was 100%, and the chicks were quite active and in good health. Weight changes were as follows... Figure 2 As shown, the average weight of the artificially fed pigeons was significantly higher than that of the naturally fed parent pigeons, and the artificial feeding group 3 showed the best results (P<0.05).

[0032] As shown in Table 3, artificial feeding had no adverse effect on the morphological development of the digestive tract of 19-day-old pigeons. Furthermore, the height of the ileum villi and the villi surface area of ​​19-day-old pigeons under artificial feeding conditions in experimental group 3 were significantly higher than those in the natural feeding group and experimental group 1 (P<0.05), while the results of other groups were not significantly different (P>0.05).

[0033]

[0034] As shown in Table 4, there were no statistically significant differences in the pancreatic amylase, protease, and lipase activities of the chicks in the natural feeding group and the artificial feeding group (P>0.05).

[0035]

[0036] 8. Conclusion During the mid-growth stage of pigeons (12-19 days old), artificial feeding with a combination of 13.29 MJ / kg energy and 19.26% protein content can achieve good feeding results.

[0037] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent transformations or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for young pigeons during the mid-growth stage, characterized in that, By weight, it includes: The mixture comprises 511 parts corn, 55 parts soybean meal, 115 parts fermented soybean meal, 70 parts whole fat puffed soybean, 90 parts wheat, 65 parts fish meal, 10.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 12 parts limestone powder, 0.45 parts DL-methionine, 0.2 parts DL-lysine, 2.5 parts sodium chloride, 13.45 parts premix, and 55 parts oil. The premix, by weight, includes: 0.025 parts glucose oxidase, 0.3 parts corn-soybean meal complex enzyme preparation, 0.2 parts ethoxyquin, 0.4 parts calcium propionate, 0.3 parts complex vitamins, 0.2 parts complex minerals, 1.8 parts pectin, 0.25 g Tianlihuang, and 9.975 parts 80-mesh soybean meal powder.

2. The mid-growth feed for young pigeons as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The activity of glucose oxidase is 10000 U / g.

3. The mid-growth feed for young pigeons as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The corn-soybean meal type compound enzyme preparation contains: xylanase 13200U / g, acidic protease 5000U / g, mannanase 1200U / g, cellulase 320U / g, mesophilic amylase 1200U / g, neutral protease 2000U / g, alkaline protease 4000U / g, and pullulanase 20000U / g.

4. The mid-growth feed for young pigeons as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The complex minerals include copper sulfate pentahydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate hexahydrate, and potassium iodide.

5. A method for preparing mid-growth feed for pigeons as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Initial screening of raw materials The corn, wheat and other particulate materials in the formula are initially screened to remove moldy, abnormally large or small particles and impurities. (2) Preparation of coarse powder mixture The sieved granules are coarsely ground together with soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, fish meal, and full-fat puffed soybeans in the formula to obtain a primary mixture. Then, the formula amounts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, limestone powder, DL-lysine, DL-methionine, and sodium chloride are added to the primary mixture and stirred thoroughly to obtain a coarse powder mixture. (3) Preparation of ultrafine powder Add the coarse powder mixture obtained in step (2) to an ultra-fine pulverizer for ultra-fine pulverization and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve. Large particles that do not pass through the sieve are returned to the ultra-fine pulverizer for secondary pulverization and sieving, and the sieved materials are combined to obtain ultra-fine pulverized material. (4) Premixing The premix was prepared by mixing glucose oxidase, corn-soybean meal complex enzyme preparation, ethoxyquin, calcium propionate, complex vitamins, complex minerals, pectin, Tianlihuang, and 80-mesh soybean meal powder in a mass ratio of 0.025:0.3:0.2:0.4:0.3:0.2:1.8:0.25:9.

975. Add the formulated amount of oil and the premix prepared in step (4) to the ultrafine powder obtained in step (3), and mix evenly to obtain the feed for the middle growth stage of pigeons.

6. A method for feeding mid-growth feed for pigeons as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Every morning at 7:00 AM, based on the standard that each 20-30 day old squab consumes 45-55g of feed, the powdered mid-growth feed for squabs as described in any one of claims 1-4 is weighed, placed in an insulated container, and then thoroughly mixed with 37-40℃ warm water. The solid-liquid ratio of the feed to the warm water is 1:2.

5. The prepared feed is then poured into the crop of the squabs and fed once a day.

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