High-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method and system, and belongs to the technical field of medical monitoring. A urine flow sensor is arranged at the downstream of a catheterization assembly to collect urine flow and generate an electric signal; the electric signals are transmitted to a micro-control unit for digital processing, and the instantaneous flow velocity of urine, the accumulated urine volume per hour and the total urine volume of 24 hours are calculated in real time through an integral flow velocity algorithm; a calculation result is output to a local display screen, and real-time data viewing and historical curve graph and statistical report display are supported; meanwhile, the urine volume data are packaged according to timestamps and patient identifications and uploaded to a hospital nursing information system through a standardized interface protocol; if it is detected that the urine volume is abnormally lower than a set threshold value or is completely in a urine-free state, the system automatically triggers an alarm and pushes the alarm to the nursing terminal; by means of the method, automation, informatization and intelligentization of urine volume monitoring can be achieved, and the method is suitable for continuous nursing requirements of ICU and other critical areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical monitoring technology, specifically to a high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method and system. Background Technology

[0002] In intensive care units (ICUs) or other clinical settings requiring close monitoring, real-time and accurate monitoring of urine output is a crucial indicator for assessing renal function, fluid balance, and diagnosing diseases. Currently, the most common clinical monitoring methods are manual, involving nurses checking urine bags hourly, pouring urine into measuring cups or drawing it out with a syringe to measure its volume, and recording the data manually. This method is not only labor-intensive and inefficient but also poses a risk of cross-contamination and cannot achieve real-time data transmission and automated processing.

[0003] With the development of medical automation and informatization, there is an urgent need for a high-precision, real-time urodynamic monitoring method that can not only automatically monitor hourly urine output and display and record it in real time, but also upload the monitoring data to the hospital information system (such as the nursing record system) through a network interface, thereby reducing manual intervention, improving the accuracy of records, and enhancing nursing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method and system to address the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method, comprising:

[0006] A continuously fluid-permeable catheter is connected to the patient's body to guide urine to flow out naturally;

[0007] A urine flow sensor is installed downstream of the catheterization assembly. The sensor is used to collect data on the flow of urine in real time and generate an electrical signal proportional to the urine flow.

[0008] The electrical signal is transmitted to the microcontroller unit for digital processing, and the instantaneous urine flow rate, hourly cumulative urine volume, and 24-hour total urine volume are calculated in real time using a preset algorithm.

[0009] The calculation results are output to a local display screen, which displays urine volume change data in real time and allows users to switch between viewing historical graphs and statistical reports.

[0010] Hourly urine volume data is automatically recorded and stored locally in different time periods to form a traceable time-series urine volume database.

[0011] After packaging the urine output data according to timestamps and patient identifiers, it was uploaded to the hospital nursing information system using a standardized interface protocol;

[0012] When abnormal urine output or complete anuria is detected, an alarm message is automatically displayed on the screen and can be pushed to the nursing station.

[0013] Preferably, the urine flow sensor is a multi-mode sensing structure, specifically including one or more combinations of an electromagnetic flow meter based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, an ultrasonic flow sensor based on the time difference of ultrasonic wave propagation, and a piezoelectric weighing sensor based on gravity changes; the sensor automatically selects the monitoring mode according to the physical characteristics of urine.

[0014] Preferably, the preset algorithm built into the microcontroller is an integral flow rate algorithm.

[0015] Preferably, the steps for calculating the instantaneous urine flow rate, hourly cumulative urine volume, and 24-hour total urine volume in real time using an integral flow rate algorithm include:

[0016] The flow rate data of urine is continuously collected per unit time using a urine flow sensor, and the analog signal is converted into a digital flow rate value through an analog-to-digital converter module to form a continuous data sequence with timestamps.

[0017] The microcontroller performs time integration processing on the flow rate data, sets each integration period to 60 seconds, multiplies the flow rate per unit time by the time interval, and calculates the urine volume within the time period.

[0018] The urine volume data from multiple integration periods are summed to generate the hourly cumulative urine volume value;

[0019] At the end of each hour, the cumulative urine volume data of the previous 24 hours are summarized and calculated to form a rolling updated total urine volume for 24 hours.

[0020] Preferably, the local display screen is an integrated LCD touch screen with a multi-functional interactive interface. It not only displays the current urine flow rate, hourly urine volume, and cumulative urine volume data in real time, but also allows users to select data from different time periods for review and analysis through touch operation.

[0021] Preferably, the automatic time-segmented recording and local storage of hourly urine volume data includes: adopting a ring storage mechanism and setting a priority retention strategy to automatically store at least the most recent 72 hours of urine volume monitoring data. In the event of insufficient storage space, priority will be given to retaining data from time periods with abnormal urine volume fluctuations and complete records from the past 24 hours.

[0022] Preferably, the hospital nursing information system adopts an identifiable identification method, so that each monitoring device can be matched with a unique patient identity before it is put into use.

[0023] Preferably, an alarm is issued when urine volume is detected to be below a set lower limit, when there is no urine for a continuous hour, or when urine volume surges within a fixed period of time, according to preset rules. The alarm information is also optionally pushed to the nurse station monitoring terminal via the local area network to remind medical staff to handle the situation in a timely manner.

[0024] The present invention also provides a high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring system, comprising:

[0025] Urinary catheterization module: Connects a continuously fluid-permeable urinary catheterization module to the patient's body to guide urine to flow out naturally;

[0026] Flow acquisition module: A urine flow sensor is installed downstream of the catheterization assembly. The sensor is used to acquire data on urine flow in real time and generate an electrical signal proportional to the urine flow.

[0027] Signal processing and calculation module: Transmits the electrical signal to the microcontroller or processing chip for digital processing, and calculates the instantaneous urine flow rate, hourly cumulative urine volume and 24-hour total urine volume in real time through a preset algorithm;

[0028] Display module: Outputs the calculation results to a local display screen, which displays urine volume change data in real time and allows users to switch between viewing historical graphs and statistical reports;

[0029] Data recording and storage module: Automatically records and stores hourly urine volume data in different time periods, forming a traceable time-series urine volume database;

[0030] Data communication and upload module: Packs urine output data according to timestamps and patient identifiers, and uploads it to the hospital nursing information system using a standardized interface protocol;

[0031] Abnormal detection and alarm module: When abnormal urine output or complete anuria is detected, the alarm information will be automatically displayed on the screen and sent to the nursing station.

[0032] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows:

[0033] 1. This invention provides a high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method. By integrating a catheterization component, a high-sensitivity flow sensor, an embedded computing unit, a graphical display module, a data storage system, and a network communication interface, it constructs a complete closed-loop technical path from urine flow acquisition, data calculation, display presentation, historical record storage, to integration with the nursing system. This system enables continuous, real-time, and automatic monitoring of a patient's hourly urine output, significantly reducing the burden of manual measurement and recording for nursing staff, and improving data accuracy and continuity. It is particularly suitable for clinical scenarios requiring precise fluid management, such as intensive care and postoperative recovery.

[0034] 2. This invention introduces anomaly detection and alarm mechanisms, enabling timely identification and feedback of high-risk clinical conditions such as anuria and oliguria to the nursing terminal, thus improving the real-time nature and proactivity of nursing responses. Combined with a standardized data interface protocol, the system can seamlessly connect to hospital information platforms, achieving automatic uploading and centralized management of urine output data, promoting the informatization and intelligentization of nursing processes. The overall solution has a reasonable structure, a clear implementation path, and strong clinical adaptability, system scalability, and promising prospects for industrial application. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the system modules of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 As shown in this embodiment, a high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method includes:

[0040] A continuously fluid-permeable catheter is connected to the patient's body to guide urine to flow out naturally;

[0041] A urine flow sensor is installed downstream of the catheterization assembly. The sensor is used to collect data on the flow of urine in real time and generate an electrical signal proportional to the urine flow.

[0042] The electrical signal is transmitted to a microcontroller or processing chip for digital processing, and the instantaneous urine flow rate, hourly cumulative urine volume, and 24-hour total urine volume are calculated in real time using a preset algorithm.

[0043] The calculation results are output to a local display screen, which displays urine volume change data in real time and allows users to switch between viewing historical graphs and statistical reports.

[0044] Hourly urine volume data is automatically recorded and stored locally in different time periods to form a traceable time-series urine volume database.

[0045] After packaging the urine output data according to timestamps and patient identifiers, it was uploaded to the hospital nursing information system using a standardized interface protocol;

[0046] When urine output is detected to be abnormally low below the set threshold or in a state of complete anuria, an alarm message is automatically displayed on the screen and can be pushed to the nursing station.

[0047] This invention first includes a continuously fluid-permeable catheterization assembly, which serves to stably and unobstructedly guide urine from the patient's body to the sensor unit, thereby providing a fluid channel guarantee for subsequent flow monitoring and data acquisition.

[0048] The catheterization assembly preferably uses a clinically common silicone catheter, one end of which is inserted into the patient's bladder and connected physiologically through the urethra. To achieve physical integration with the monitoring system, the exposed end of the catheterization assembly is connected to the monitoring system input via a standard Luer connector or a plug-in quick connector, ensuring a sealed connection, preventing backflow, and facilitating disassembly.

[0049] The urinary catheterization assembly is designed to ensure a continuous inner diameter and smooth inner wall, without significant bends or cross-sectional changes, preventing turbulence, air bubbles, or sedimentation of urine during drainage, which could affect the accuracy of sensor data. Furthermore, the entire drainage path is made of medical-grade transparent material, allowing healthcare professionals to visually observe whether the urine flow is unobstructed and whether there are any abnormalities such as blockages or reflux.

[0050] To accommodate the urine flow angle of patients in different positions, the middle section of the catheterization assembly can be equipped with a flexible bending structure. In clinical use, it can be fixed with a bedside bracket to keep the downstream sensor below the direction of gravity of the bladder, so as to ensure that urine flows out naturally and continuously and form a stable fluid state.

[0051] Downstream of the catheterization assembly, a highly sensitive urine flow sensor is installed to collect physical signals of urine flowing through in real time and convert these signals into electrical signals that can be used for subsequent calculations.

[0052] The urine flow sensor can be selected from different technologies depending on the application scenario, preferably one of the following, or a combination thereof:

[0053] Electromagnetic flow sensor: suitable for biological fluids with high electrolyte content. It monitors the induced voltage generated when the fluid cuts the magnetic field by applying a magnetic field in the conduit. The intensity of the induced signal is proportional to the flow rate and the response is fast. It is suitable for real-time monitoring of continuous fluids.

[0054] Ultrasonic flow sensor: It calculates the flow rate by measuring the time difference of ultrasonic waves propagating in the fluid. It does not come into direct contact with the fluid, has high hygiene, and is suitable for high-precision monitoring.

[0055] Weighing sensors (piezoelectric or strain gauge): indirectly calculate urine volume by detecting the increase in mass of urine in the collection container; suitable for low flow rate and high-precision sampling.

[0056] Thermal flow sensor: Based on the principle of heat exchange, the fluid carries away heat when it passes through the sensor. The change in heat is related to the flow rate and is suitable for micro-flow scenarios.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an electromagnetic miniature flow sensor is employed, whose internal structure includes a non-magnetic conduit, an excitation electrode, and a signal acquisition electrode. The sensor is connected to the catheterization assembly via a standard interface (such as a bayonet connector), ensuring reliable sealing and easy replacement. The sensor is embedded in an integrated detection module and features an anti-backflow structure to prevent urine from flowing back into electronic components in case of emergencies.

[0058] A gas outlet or a small gas separation chamber is provided downstream of the sensor to remove small air bubbles in the urine flow, further avoiding affecting the stability of the electromagnetic signal.

[0059] When urine flows through the sensor's inner cavity, it triggers a physical response (such as changes in voltage, resistance, or heat) proportional to the urine flow rate. The sensor converts this response into an analog electrical signal and outputs it. The sensor output is connected to a microcontroller unit (MCU) or analog-to-digital converter (ADC) via a short shielded cable, which converts the analog signal into a standard digital signal for processing.

[0060] To improve the accuracy and stability of signal acquisition, the system incorporates a signal conditioning circuit between the sensor and the processing chip, including a low-pass filter, a voltage amplifier, and an anti-interference electromagnetic shielding layer. This conditioning circuit filters out electromagnetic interference and high-frequency noise from peripheral devices, stabilizes the signal level, and prevents signal drift.

[0061] Considering that urine flow rate may fluctuate significantly at different times (such as during patient activity or changes in body position), this invention introduces a dynamic sampling frequency adjustment mechanism in the flow acquisition module. During peak urine flow rates, the sampling frequency is automatically increased (e.g., 5 times per second), while during low flow rates or intermittent periods, the sampling frequency is decreased (e.g., once per minute) to reduce system power consumption while ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0062] In addition, the sensor has a self-calibration function. When starting up or changing the patient connection, the residual signal offset of the sensor can be cleared through the zero-point calibration module to ensure that subsequent monitoring values ​​start from zero.

[0063] In this invention, the analog electrical signal output by the urine flow sensor is digitized, and key clinical parameters such as instantaneous urine flow rate, hourly cumulative urine volume, and 24-hour total urine volume are calculated in real time using an embedded algorithm.

[0064] The electrical signal output by the sensor is first introduced into the system's signal acquisition channel. This channel consists of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a preprocessing circuit, and a microcontroller unit (MCU), with the following specific functions:

[0065] Since most flow sensors (such as electromagnetic, thermal, or pressure sensors) output continuous analog voltage or current signals, they need to be converted into digital signals by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). A high-precision ADC chip with a sampling accuracy of 12 bits or higher is preferred to ensure sensitivity to minute changes in flow rate.

[0066] Before the signal enters the ADC, the system uses a low-pass filter to remove high-frequency noise and retain the effective low-frequency signal generated by the urine flow. The filter circuit parameters are designed with a cutoff frequency below 10 Hz to shield against interference from equipment, power lines, or clinical monitoring equipment.

[0067] In addition, to adapt to different levels of electromagnetic interference in different hospital environments, the system is equipped with an adjustable gain operational amplifier to amplify weak signals and ensure that the data fully covers the sensor's operating range.

[0068] The microcontroller unit (MCU) is the control core of the embedded system, preferably featuring a low-power, high-stability architecture, such as the ARM Cortex-M series chip. This unit is responsible for:

[0069] Control the sampling frequency and time of data acquisition;

[0070] Store and cache short-term data;

[0071] Real-time execution of urine flow calculation algorithm;

[0072] Controls display updates and data upload operations;

[0073] Manage abnormal status handling and alarm triggering mechanisms.

[0074] The clock module integrated into the MCU ensures that data and time correspond precisely, and supports "time period segmentation" and "rolling total" functions to achieve time-series management of urine output.

[0075] This invention employs a calculation model based on the integral velocity method. Its basic principle is to calculate the fluid volume per unit time by integrating continuous velocity data over time.

[0076] The implementation steps are as follows:

[0077] Sampling: The system records the urine flow rate (unit: mL / s) at a sampling frequency of 1 Hz to 10 Hz at every moment.

[0078] Instantaneous flow rate processing: The flow rate value collected every second is the instantaneous flow rate of urine at that moment, which is updated in real time on the display screen for medical staff to refer to;

[0079] Hourly cumulative urine volume: Within an hourly cycle, the instantaneous flow rate values ​​of all sampling points are multiplied by the sampling time interval and then summed to obtain the cumulative urine volume (unit: mL) for that hour.

[0080] 24-hour total update: Every hour, the hourly urine volume is added to the 24-hour cumulative total to form a rolling total and record the timestamp;

[0081] Data segmentation caching: The system saves hourly urine volume as a complete data segment and marks the time interval (e.g., 08:00–09:00) to form a complete time-series urine volume record structure.

[0082] To improve data accuracy and robustness, the system introduces the following optimization algorithms:

[0083] A 3-5 point moving average was applied to the sampled data to smooth out urine flow fluctuations and reduce short-term spike interference.

[0084] When there are abrupt changes or jumps to zero values ​​in consecutive sampling points, the system identifies them as "abnormal physiological flow rate" and performs data removal or interpolation.

[0085] Each time the device is started or the catheterization device is changed, zero-point calibration can be performed manually or automatically to ensure that the starting point of the data corresponding to the anuria state is 0, thus eliminating the initial deviation of the sensor.

[0086] Set a lower limit for microflow rate (e.g., below 0.1 mL / s). When the flow rate is below this value, it will not be included in the cumulative total to exclude non-actual urination situations such as dripping or air disturbance.

[0087] To ensure no data loss during the calculation process, the system is equipped with a dual-caching mechanism:

[0088] Level 1 cache (RAM): Used for real-time data storage and computational logic processing; it is cleared when power is off.

[0089] Secondary cache (EEPROM or Flash): Used for temporary backup of data that has not been uploaded. Hourly urine output records can still be restored in the event of power failure or network outage.

[0090] The system packages the calculated urine volume along with the timestamp into JSON format or a standard medical data structure (such as HL7 / FHIR) every hour for the upload module to use.

[0091] To enable visualized feedback of urine volume monitoring data, this invention provides a local display module integrated into the front panel of the device or a mobile terminal. This module displays various urine monitoring data processed by the microcontroller unit in real time, allowing clinical medical staff to obtain the patient's urine volume change trend in the first instance. It also enables the querying and statistics of historical data without the need to connect to an external terminal.

[0092] The display module includes:

[0093] A high-definition LCD screen, preferably a TFT-LCD screen, with a size of 3.5 to 7 inches;

[0094] A user interaction unit based on capacitive touch or physical buttons;

[0095] An embedded graphical user interface (GUI) system;

[0096] The control program interface is used to communicate with the microcontroller unit (MCU), receive urine volume data, and refresh the interface.

[0097] The display screen is installed at the front of the unit or on the control box, featuring a waterproof and dustproof design to meet the needs of hospital wards or ICU environments. The screen casing is made of polycarbonate material, which is scratch-resistant and alcohol-resistant, making it easy to wipe and disinfect daily.

[0098] In the default interface state, the screen continuously displays the following content:

[0099] Current time;

[0100] Current hourly urine output (unit: mL);

[0101] Instantaneous flow rate of urine (unit: mL / s);

[0102] Total urine volume in the past 24 hours (unit: mL);

[0103] Equipment operating status (e.g., monitoring in progress / paused / abnormal);

[0104] Alarm icon or prompt box (displayed when an abnormality is triggered).

[0105] Urine volume data is automatically refreshed every second. The system pushes the latest values ​​to the display module through the microcontroller unit. The GUI interface displays the data using preset fonts, colors, and layout specifications, allowing medical staff to clearly obtain key information even when observing from a distance.

[0106] Users can access the urine volume graph interface by clicking the "History" button on the display. This interface uses the X-axis as the time axis and the Y-axis as the urine volume axis, and supports the following functions:

[0107] Display the hourly urine output curve for the most recent 24 hours;

[0108] Supports swiping to browse data curves for the past 3 days (72 hours);

[0109] You can switch between viewing the "instantaneous flow rate curve" and the "cumulative urine volume curve";

[0110] Provides a key data node annotation function, such as automatically marking periods of anuria and periods of abnormally high urine volume in red;

[0111] It supports basic interactive actions such as zooming in / out / panning, improving ease of use.

[0112] The charts are drawn using embedded GUI libraries (such as LVGL, TouchGFX, etc.), and historical data is quickly loaded through built-in caching and presented intuitively in the form of line charts or bar charts.

[0113] In the "Statistical Reports" interface, users can view the following:

[0114] Hourly urine output details for the day (arranged from 0:00 to the current hour);

[0115] Total urine output in 24 hours and average hourly urine output;

[0116] Standard deviation of urine volume fluctuations and maximum / minimum time periods;

[0117] Bar chart comparing urine output over the past 3 days;

[0118] Data export status prompts (whether the upload was successful, whether there was a storage error, etc.);

[0119] Patient basic information (automatically synchronized via bound RFID or QR code identification, such as name, bed number, department, etc.).

[0120] Statistical data is displayed in a table and graph format, and some interfaces support screenshot saving, which is convenient for nursing staff to keep on file or print.

[0121] To achieve structured management, real-time recording, and traceable storage of urine monitoring data, this invention provides a functional module in a urodynamic monitoring system for time-segmented recording and local storage of urine volume data. This module runs in a microcontroller unit or embedded operating platform, combining a high-precision clock system and a partitioned database mechanism to segment, archive, and persistently store hourly urine volume data, constructing a complete time-series urine volume database for easy review, analysis, and uploading of historical data. Specifically, this module includes:

[0122] Data structure building unit: Establishing a time-related data storage format;

[0123] Time synchronization unit: Obtains accurate current system time through built-in real-time clock (RTC) module;

[0124] Segmented Recording Control Unit: Data is segmented and archived in 60-minute cycles;

[0125] Local storage media: non-volatile storage chips, such as EEPROM, NAND Flash, or SD cards;

[0126] Data verification and compression unit: Ensures data consistency and optimizes storage space;

[0127] Data reading and interface access control unit: supports local query, data export and host computer access.

[0128] This module connects to the main control MCU or edge processor and uses bus communication methods (such as I2C, SPI or USB) to write and retrieve data. It has low power consumption operation capability and power-down protection function.

[0129] The system automatically archives urine output data by hour, forming a complete data record structure for each hour. The data record format includes, but is not limited to, the following fields:

[0130] Timestamp: Records the start time of this hourly cycle, such as "20XX-09-12 08:00";

[0131] Hourly volume: The cumulative urine volume during this period, expressed in mL;

[0132] MaxFlowRate: The maximum instantaneous urine flow rate that occurs within this hour;

[0133] Minimum Flow Rate: The minimum flow rate that occurred during this hour;

[0134] Average flow rate (AvgFlowRate): The average flow rate calculated based on all sampling points within that hour;

[0135] AbnormalFlag: A Boolean identifier used to record whether anuria, persistent high flow rate, or other warning events occurred within this hour;

[0136] Integrity checksum: Used to record the CRC checksum after data is written, ensuring that the data has not been corrupted.

[0137] The structure is highly scalable, making it easy to add additional fields such as "urine temperature", "system status", and "nursing intervention record" in the future.

[0138] When the system is running, the data recording module performs the following operations:

[0139] Initialize timer: After the program starts, start the system-level hour timer;

[0140] Real-time data buffer: Instantaneous urine flow data updated every second is temporarily stored in a RAM buffer;

[0141] Hourly archiving trigger: When the system detects that the current hour has ended (on the hour or after 60 minutes), a data archiving event is triggered;

[0142] Data processing: Accumulate, average, and statistically analyze all sampled data within the hour, and generate a data structure;

[0143] Write to local storage: Write the data structure in binary or CSV / JSON format to the local Flash or SD card storage area;

[0144] Update the index table: Register the path and time identifier of the data file for that hour in the database index table for quick retrieval;

[0145] Release memory buffer: Clear the data cache in RAM to prepare for data acquisition in the next hour.

[0146] The system generates one entry per hour, resulting in 24 records in 24 hours. Each record is kept within 100-500 bytes in size, making it suitable for the limited resources required by embedded platforms.

[0147] The storage structure constructs a lightweight time-series urine database with the following characteristics:

[0148] Multi-level indexing by day / hour / minute: Supports quick location of required records by date or hour range;

[0149] Local query and paginated display: In conjunction with the display module, users can switch between browsing data for different time periods by hour;

[0150] Paging loading mechanism: Optimizes memory usage and supports efficient retrieval of large amounts of historical data;

[0151] Data export interface: Supports packaging data within a selected time period into a standard CSV file and exporting it to an external device via USB or wirelessly;

[0152] Storage space monitoring mechanism: The system monitors the remaining storage capacity in real time and triggers a prompt or automatically cleans up the oldest useless records when the capacity is insufficient.

[0153] After recording data entries for each hour, the data packaging process begins. This process is implemented by the upload control logic in the microcontroller unit, and its data packaging structure includes the following fields:

[0154] Patient ID: A unique identification code obtained by scanning a wristband QR code, NFC, or RFID.

[0155] Monitoring Device ID (DeviceID): A unique identifier for this device within the hospital's network system, facilitating matching;

[0156] Timestamp: The start and end times of this hourly interval, such as "2025-09-12 14:00–15:00";

[0157] Hourly urine volume: in mL, from the recording module;

[0158] Urine flow rate statistics: including parameters such as maximum, minimum, and average urine flow rate;

[0159] Alarm flags: 0 indicates normal, 1 indicates mild abnormality, and 2 indicates severe abnormality.

[0160] Data integrity checksum: Used for CRC verification before uploading to ensure that the data has not been tampered with.

[0161] The above data structure can be serialized into JSON, XML, or HL7 format to adapt to the integration requirements of different hospital information platforms.

[0162] The upload module adopts standard communication protocols commonly supported by hospital information platforms, and preferably one or a combination of the following interface protocols:

[0163] HL7 (Health Level Seven) V2 / V3 protocol: a structured message transmission protocol suitable for medical data exchange;

[0164] FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) protocol: a data access format designed for modern RESTful architectures, featuring lightweight design and high compatibility;

[0165] Custom API Interface: If the hospital has already opened a RESTful API or WebService interface, the system can directly call and upload via HTTPS or SOAP.

[0166] The system upload process is as follows:

[0167] Data preparation: Retrieve data entries recorded in the previous hour;

[0168] Data encapsulation: Convert data structures according to the selected format;

[0169] Communication verification: Identity authentication is performed through the hospital network, such as OAuth or token verification;

[0170] Data transmission: Data is uploaded via transport layer protocols such as TCP / IP or MQTT;

[0171] Result Receipt: Receive the status code returned by the NIS system to determine whether the upload was successful. If it fails, it will enter the retry queue.

[0172] To ensure data security, the system encrypts the transmitted content using AES or TLS encryption to prevent the leakage of sensitive information during the upload process.

[0173] If an upload fails (e.g., due to network interruption, server unresponsiveness), the system packages the data for that hour into a local upload cache pool, recording the upload failure time and reason. The system's default retry interval is 15 minutes, which can be configured to retransmit up to 3 times per hour.

[0174] After three consecutive upload failures, the system displays a "Data upload error" message and retains the data in local storage until the upload is successful or the data is exported and uploaded manually.

[0175] After a successful upload, the system marks the record as "synchronized" and removes it from the cache pool to ensure data uniqueness.

[0176] The system has a real-time anomaly detection algorithm for urine monitoring data to determine whether the following clinically concerning conditions exist:

[0177] Anuria: refers to a situation where urine output is zero over a continuous period of time (e.g., 1 hour).

[0178] Oliguria: refers to urine output per hour being lower than a set threshold (e.g., <30 mL / h).

[0179] High urine output (Polyuria): Optional test, referring to urine output per hour greater than a threshold (e.g., >300 mL / h).

[0180] Sudden change in urine volume: The urine flow rate drops to near 0 or rises abnormally within a short period of time (e.g., 5 minutes).

[0181] This anomaly detection is based on the following method:

[0182] Fixed threshold comparison method: Compare the current hourly urine output with a set standard;

[0183] Sliding window method: Observe whether there are any abnormalities in the trend of urine output within the past 3 hours.

[0184] If an abnormal state is detected, the system will immediately trigger an alarm mechanism.

[0185] Alarm information is simultaneously transmitted via the local display module and the remote communication module, including the following two types of feedback methods:

[0186] Local alarm notification:

[0187] Visual cue: The current abnormal period is highlighted in red on the display screen, and a prompt box flashes.

[0188] Icon indicator: An error icon is displayed in the top status bar;

[0189] Audible alarm: Emits intermittent alert sounds via a built-in buzzer; sound intensity is adjustable.

[0190] Manual confirmation button: Users can click the "Confirm Alarm" button to mark the alarm as processed.

[0191] Remote nursing linkage: Abnormal data and alarm types are packaged and sent to the nursing station terminal; upon receiving the alarm, the nursing station adds it to the on-duty task list or notifies the nurse through a centralized display screen; if the hospital uses mobile nursing terminals (PDA or mobile APP), the system can push notifications to the responsible nurse's account.

[0192] Alarm levels can be divided into:

[0193] Level 1 alarm: No urine output for more than 2 hours;

[0194] Level 2 alarm: Abnormal decrease in hourly urine output for an extended period;

[0195] Level 3 reminder: Only provides a notification, but does not push notifications.

[0196] Alarm strategies and response methods at all levels can be customized through the settings interface.

[0197] To prevent data loss due to missed alarms or failed uploads, the system has the following internal linkage strategies:

[0198] Once the data is determined to be abnormal, an alarm is immediately triggered locally without waiting for the uploaded results.

[0199] Even if regular data upload fails, alarm data is still prioritized for inclusion in the emergency upload queue;

[0200] All alarm records are stored in a local independent log for 30 days to facilitate event tracking.

[0201] Example 2, please refer to Figure 2 As shown in this embodiment, a high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring system includes:

[0202] Urinary catheterization module: Connects a continuously fluid-permeable urinary catheterization module to the patient's body to guide urine to flow out naturally;

[0203] Flow acquisition module: A urine flow sensor is installed downstream of the catheterization assembly. The sensor is used to acquire data on urine flow in real time and generate an electrical signal proportional to the urine flow.

[0204] Signal processing and calculation module: Transmits the electrical signal to the microcontroller or processing chip for digital processing, and calculates the instantaneous urine flow rate, hourly cumulative urine volume and 24-hour total urine volume in real time through a preset algorithm;

[0205] Display module: Outputs the calculation results to a local display screen, which displays urine volume change data in real time and allows users to switch between viewing historical graphs and statistical reports;

[0206] Data recording and storage module: Automatically records and stores hourly urine volume data in different time periods, forming a traceable time-series urine volume database;

[0207] Data communication and upload module: Packs urine output data according to timestamps and patient identifiers, and uploads it to the hospital nursing information system using a standardized interface protocol;

[0208] Abnormal detection and alarm module: When abnormal urine output or complete anuria is detected, the alarm information will be automatically displayed on the screen and sent to the nursing station.

[0209] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method, characterized in that: include: A continuously fluid-permeable catheter is connected to the patient's body to guide urine to flow out naturally; A urine flow sensor is installed downstream of the catheterization assembly. The sensor is used to collect data on the flow of urine in real time and generate an electrical signal proportional to the urine flow. The electrical signal is transmitted to the microcontroller unit for digital processing, and the instantaneous urine flow rate, hourly cumulative urine volume, and 24-hour total urine volume are calculated in real time using a preset algorithm. The calculation results are output to a local display screen, which displays urine volume change data in real time and allows users to switch between viewing historical graphs and statistical reports. Hourly urine volume data is automatically recorded and stored locally in different time periods to form a traceable time-series urine volume database. After packaging the urine output data according to timestamps and patient identifiers, it was uploaded to the hospital nursing information system using a standardized interface protocol; When abnormal urine output or complete anuria is detected, an alarm message is automatically displayed on the screen and can be pushed to the nursing station.

2. The high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The urine flow sensor is a multi-mode sensing structure, specifically including one or more combinations of an electromagnetic flow meter based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, an ultrasonic flow sensor based on the time difference of ultrasonic wave propagation, and a piezoelectric weighing sensor based on gravity changes; the sensor automatically selects the monitoring mode according to the physical characteristics of urine.

3. The high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microcontroller has a built-in algorithm that is an integral flow rate algorithm.

4. The high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The steps for calculating the instantaneous urine flow rate, hourly cumulative urine volume, and 24-hour total urine volume in real time using the integral flow rate algorithm include: The flow rate data of urine is continuously collected per unit time using a urine flow sensor, and the analog signal is converted into a digital flow rate value through an analog-to-digital converter module to form a continuous data sequence with timestamps. The microcontroller performs time integration processing on the flow rate data, sets each integration period to 60 seconds, multiplies the flow rate per unit time by the time interval, and calculates the urine volume within the time period. The urine volume data from multiple integration periods are summed to generate the hourly cumulative urine volume value; At the end of each hour, the cumulative urine volume data of the previous 24 hours are summarized and calculated to form a rolling updated total urine volume for 24 hours.

5. The high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The local display screen is an integrated LCD touch screen with a multi-functional interactive interface. It not only displays the current urine flow rate, hourly urine volume, and cumulative urine volume data in real time, but also allows users to select data from different time periods for review and analysis through touch operation.

6. The high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The automatic time-segmented recording and local storage of hourly urine volume data includes: adopting a ring storage mechanism and setting a priority retention strategy to automatically store at least the most recent 72 hours of urine volume monitoring data. In the event of insufficient storage space, priority will be given to retaining data from time periods with abnormal urine volume fluctuations and complete records from the past 24 hours.

7. The high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hospital nursing information system employs a recognizable identification method, enabling each monitoring device to be matched with a unique patient identity before being activated.

8. The high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that: According to preset rules, an alarm will be issued when urine volume is lower than the set lower limit, there is no urine for a continuous hour, or urine volume surges within a fixed period of time. The optional configuration will push the alarm information to the nurse station monitoring terminal via the local area network to remind medical staff to deal with it in time.

9. A high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring system, used to implement the high-precision real-time urodynamic monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: include: Urinary catheterization module: Connects a continuously fluid-permeable urinary catheterization module to the patient's body to guide urine to flow out naturally; Flow acquisition module: A urine flow sensor is installed downstream of the catheterization assembly. The sensor is used to acquire data on urine flow in real time and generate an electrical signal proportional to the urine flow. Signal processing and calculation module: Transmits the electrical signal to the microcontroller or processing chip for digital processing, and calculates the instantaneous urine flow rate, hourly cumulative urine volume and 24-hour total urine volume in real time through a preset algorithm; Display module: Outputs the calculation results to a local display screen, which displays urine volume change data in real time and allows users to switch between viewing historical graphs and statistical reports; Data recording and storage module: Automatically records and stores hourly urine volume data in different time periods, forming a traceable time-series urine volume database; Data communication and upload module: Packs urine output data according to timestamps and patient identifiers, and uploads it to the hospital nursing information system using a standardized interface protocol; Abnormal detection and alarm module: When abnormal urine output or complete anuria is detected, the alarm information will be automatically displayed on the screen and pushed to the nursing station.

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