Conditioner group for improving grain quality and rice quality of direct seeding rice as well as preparation method and use method of conditioner group

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of plant growth regulators, in particular to a conditioner group for improving the grain quality and the rice quality of direct seeding rice and a preparation and use method thereof.The preparation method of a conditioner in the initial heading stage comprises the following steps that 1, 6-benayl aminopurine is dissolved in a diluted hydrochloric acid solution in a assisted mode, and a 6-benayl aminopurine solution is obtained; step 2, adding choline chloride into the solution obtained in the step 1, stirring to obtain a mixed solution, transferring the mixed solution into a volumetric flask, and adjusting the pH value; 3, abscisic acid powder is dissolved with absolute ethyl alcohol, volume metering is carried out after dissolution to form a stock solution, and then PH adjustment is carried out. Two conditioners are included and sprayed in the initial heading stage and the full heading stage respectively, glumous flower degeneration can be reduced, the photosynthetic production capacity of the upper three leaves after flowering can be improved, assimilation substances are promoted to be transferred to grains, especially the filling state of vulnerable grains is improved, and the yield of the seedlings is increased. Finally, the grain number, the maturing rate, the grain weight and the yield are improved, meanwhile, the head rice rate of rice can be improved, and the protein content is reduced, so that the palatability of rice is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant growth regulators, and in particular to a group of conditioners for improving the quality of direct-seeded rice grains and rice quality, as well as their preparation and application methods. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to transplanted rice, direct-seeded rice is a cultivation method that eliminates the need for seedling raising and transplanting, directly sowing rice seeds into the field for growth. It has several significant advantages: Direct-seeded rice omits the complex processes of seedling raising, transplanting, and sowing, greatly reducing labor input. For example, with traditional seedling raising and transplanting methods, the seedling raising and transplanting process per acre may require 2-3 workers for 1-2 days, while direct-seeded rice can be sown by only 1-2 people in a shorter time, saving substantial labor costs, especially suitable for rural areas with labor shortages. Furthermore, because there is no post-transplanting greening period, the growth and development process of direct-seeded rice is relatively faster, with a growth period typically 5-7 days shorter than that of transplanted rice. This allows for earlier completion of the growth cycle under suitable climatic conditions, enabling earlier harvesting and providing more time for the next crop, thus improving land utilization and the multiple cropping index.

[0003] Although direct-seeded rice has many advantages, it still suffers from insufficient grain filling, lower grain setting rate and weight, resulting in poorer yield and quality. Currently, the use of plant growth regulators is an important cultivation practice, significantly regulating crop growth. Therefore, a conditioner is needed to address the problems of unstable yield and declining quality encountered in direct-seeded rice production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a set of conditioners for improving the grain quality and rice quality of direct-seeded rice, as well as their preparation and application methods. This solution includes two conditioners, which are sprayed at the initial heading stage and the full heading stage, respectively. This can reduce the degeneration of spikelets, improve the photosynthetic production capacity of the upper three leaves after flowering, promote the translocation of assimilates to grains, especially improve the grain filling state of weak grains, and ultimately increase the number of grains, the seed setting rate, the grain weight and the yield. At the same time, it can increase the head rice rate and reduce the protein content to improve the palatability of cooked rice, so as to achieve the goal of improving both yield and quality in direct-seeded rice production.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A conditioner group for improving the grain quality and rice quality of direct-seeded rice includes a heading-stage conditioner and a heading-full-stage conditioner. The heading-stage conditioner comprises the following components at mass concentrations: abscisic acid 0.4 mg / mL, 6-benzylaminopurine 2 mg / mL, and choline chloride 24 mg / mL. The heading-full-stage conditioner comprises the following components at mass concentrations: brassinolide 0.0004 mg / mL, abscisic acid 0.4 mg / mL, and choline chloride 24 mg / mL.

[0006] A method for preparing a conditioner group to improve the grain quality and rice quality of direct-seeded rice. The preparation of the heading stage conditioner includes the following steps: Step 1: Dissolve 6-benzylaminopurine with dilute hydrochloric acid solution to obtain a 6-benzylaminopurine solution; Step 2: Add choline chloride to the solution obtained in Step 1, stir to obtain a mixture, and then transfer it to a volumetric flask. Step 3: Dissolve the abscisic acid powder in anhydrous ethanol, and then make up the volume to form a stock solution. Step 4: Add the abscisic acid stock solution obtained in Step 3 to the volumetric flask mixture in Step 2 according to the specified amount, make up to volume and mix well, and then adjust the pH. The preparation of the heading-stage conditioner includes the following steps: Step a: Dissolve brassinolide and abscisic acid powder in anhydrous ethanol, and add water to make up to the volume of their respective mother liquors; Step b: Dissolve choline chloride in water and stir until homogeneous to obtain a choline chloride solution; Step c: Add the brassinolide mother liquor and abscisic acid mother liquor obtained in step a to the choline chloride solution obtained in step b, stir, and then adjust the pH to a final volume.

[0007] Further, adjust the pH value to 5.0~5.5 using 0.1M HCl solution or 0.1M NaOH solution.

[0008] The method of using the conditioner group to improve the grain quality and rice quality of direct-seeded rice is as follows: at the initial heading stage of direct-seeded rice, dilute the conditioner for the initial heading stage 30 to 50 times and apply it as a foliar spray; at the full heading stage of direct-seeded rice, dilute the conditioner for the full heading stage 30 to 50 times and apply it as a foliar spray.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In this invention, spraying a low concentration of abscisic acid while maintaining an appropriate concentration can enhance the rice plant's ability to cope with adversity, and also promote the remobilization of assimilates and nutrients in vegetative organs and their transport to the grains, thereby achieving efficient grain filling and fullness.

[0010] In this invention, an appropriate concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine can reduce floret degeneration and increase seed setting rate; it is beneficial for increasing the activity of key enzymes in starch synthesis in grains, promoting the conversion of sucrose into starch, maintaining a reasonable grain-filling rate and duration; and it is also beneficial for prolonging the functional period of leaves. The combination with abscisic acid is based on the antagonistic and dynamic balance effects of the two, ensuring that the negative effects of abscisic acid are suppressed and maintained at a moderately low concentration, thereby enhancing the positive effects of both exogenous hormones in a dynamic balance.

[0011] In this invention, brassinolide can reduce floret degeneration, increase seed setting rate, promote grain filling in weak grains, and prolong grain filling time. The combination with abscisic acid (ABA) is based on the synergistic dynamic balance effect of both, inhibiting the negative effects of ABA, while its induced plant stress resistance regulation provides a stable physiological environment for the action of brassinolide.

[0012] In this invention, choline chloride can delay the senescence of functional leaves, prolong the photosynthetic period of leaves, promote the production and translocation of photosynthetic products, and improve the grain filling rate and fullness. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0015] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention. Example

[0016] Preparation process of Conditioner 1: Step 1: Dissolve 6-benzylaminopurine with dilute hydrochloric acid solution to obtain a 6-benzylaminopurine solution; Specifically, weigh 1000 mg of 6-benzylaminopurine powder and add it to a beaker containing 200 ml of water. Add a small amount of 0.1 M HCl solution while stirring. Then place the beaker in an ultrasonic heater until the liquid is completely transparent and free of impurities. Step 2: Add choline chloride to the solution obtained in Step 1, stir to obtain a mixture, and then transfer it to a volumetric flask and adjust the pH. Specifically, weigh 12 g of choline chloride into a beaker, add water and stir well, then transfer to a volumetric flask; Step 3: Dissolve the abscisic acid powder in anhydrous ethanol, and then make up the volume to form a stock solution. Specifically, weigh 200 mg of abscisic acid powder and dissolve it in a small amount of anhydrous ethanol until it is completely dissolved, and use it as a stock solution. Step 4: Add the abscisic acid stock solution obtained in Step 3 to the volumetric flask mixture in Step 2 according to the specified amount, make up to volume and mix well, and then adjust the pH. Specifically, slowly pour the stock solution from step 3 into a mixed solution of 6-benzylaminopurine and choline chloride, then transfer it to a new volumetric flask. At the same time, add 0.1M NaOH solution to adjust the pH value to about 5-5.5, bring the volume to 500 ml, and then pour it into a brown bottle.

[0017] The preparation of the heading-stage conditioner includes the following steps: Step a: Dissolve brassinolide and abscisic acid powder in anhydrous ethanol, and add water to make up to the volume of their respective mother liquors; Specifically, weigh 2 mg of brassinolide powder, dissolve it in a small amount of anhydrous ethanol, transfer it to a volumetric flask, and add water to make up to 100 ml to form a mother liquor. Weigh 200 mg of abscisic acid powder, dissolve it in a small amount of anhydrous ethanol, and add water to make up to 100 ml to form a mother liquor; Step b: Dissolve choline chloride in water and stir until homogeneous to obtain a choline chloride solution; Specifically, weigh 12 g of choline chloride, dissolve it in water, and stir well; Step c: Add the brassinolide mother liquor and abscisic acid mother liquor obtained in step a to the choline chloride solution obtained in step b, stir, and then adjust the pH to a final volume.

[0018] Specifically, the abscisic acid solution is slowly added to the choline chloride solution while stirring; 10 ml of brassinolide stock solution is added to the mixed solution and the volume is adjusted to 500 ml; a small amount of 0.1 M HCl solution is added to adjust the pH to about 5-5.5, and then the solution is transferred to a brown bottle for storage.

[0019] Comparative Example 1 Only conditioner 1 was used, and the preparation method of conditioner 1 in Example 1 was the same.

[0020] Comparative Example 2 Only conditioner 2 was used, and the preparation method of conditioner 2 in Example 1 was the same.

[0021] Comparative Example 3 The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, and both conditioners lack the abscisic acid component.

[0022] Comparative Example 4 The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that Conditioner 1 lacks the 6-benzylaminopurine component and Conditioner 2 lacks the brassinolide component.

[0023] Comparative Example 5 The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, and both conditioning agents contain only choline chloride.

[0024] Application examples Two conditioners for improving grain quality and rice quality, prepared as a blank control, Example 1, and Comparative Examples 1-5, were applied to direct-seeded rice cultivation. The seed setting rate, thousand-grain weight, weight of weak grains, and rice quality were measured, as follows: Experimental Design Efficacy trials were conducted in Dachenzhuang Village, Sanshu Town, Huaiyin District, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province in 2024. Summer direct-seeded rice was sown on June 11, 2024, with the tested variety being Huai Dao 40. Each plot was 12.5m × 6m = 75m², with a sowing rate of 15 kg / 667m². Base fertilizer consisted of 30 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 15:15:15). Tillering-promoting fertilizer (10 kg / 667m²) was applied 21 days after sowing, followed by tiller-strengthening fertilizer (10 kg / 667m²) on the 35th day. Flower-promoting fertilizer (10 kg of compound fertilizer and 5 kg of urea) was applied at the 3.5-leaf stage from the top, and flower-protecting fertilizer (5 kg of urea) was applied at the 1-leaf stage from the top. Conditioner 1 was sprayed at the initial heading stage of direct-seeded rice, and conditioner 2 was sprayed at the full heading stage. 500ml of conditioner was diluted 40 times and sprayed evenly using a backpack electric sprayer. Water was used as a control. Direct-seeded rice (Nanjing 5718) grown by farmers was also selected for the same group experiment. Significant differences were found in the traits of Huai Dao 40 and Nanjing 5718. Although Huai Dao 40 had a large panicle, its thousand-grain weight was relatively small, with a variety-approved grain weight of only 26.5 g. Nanjing 5718, on the other hand, had a smaller panicle but a larger grain weight, with an approved grain weight of 28.5 g, and a production weight generally around 30 g.

[0025] At maturity, five representative plots with uniform growth were selected from each plot, and 1 m × 1 m quadrats were harvested. The samples were brought back indoors for evaluation, primarily examining the number of grains per panicle, the number of filled grains, and the seed setting rate. One hundred panicles were selected, and the weaker grains were separated to determine their weight. The harvested panicles were threshed, and the grain yield was measured. Further rice quality was then determined, including processing quality (milled rice rate, head rice rate), appearance quality (chalkiness), nutritional quality (protein content), and cooking and eating quality (amylose content, eating value). The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. As shown in Tables 1-1 and 1-2, for the two varieties Huai Dao 40 and Nanjing 5718, the highest yield was observed in the examples among all cases. Compared to the control, Huai Dao 40's yield increased by 29.8 kg, a 5.57% increase, while Nanjing 5718's increased by 27.9 kg, a 4.74% increase. Regarding yield structure, the number of grains per panicle, the number of filled grains per panicle, the seed setting rate, and the thousand-grain weight of both varieties in the examples increased compared to the control. This indicates that the examples can effectively improve yield by increasing the seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight. Weak grains refer to grains with delayed grain filling and slow grain filling rate; their weight is much lower than that of strong grains. Effectively promoting the grain filling of weak grains can significantly increase the thousand-grain weight and thus increase yield. In this case, the increase in the thousand-grain weight of weak grains in the examples was much higher than the overall thousand-grain weight, indicating that this combined application scheme can effectively promote the grain filling of weak grains.

[0026] For the comparative examples, the thousand-grain weight, the thousand-grain weight of weak grains, and the yield of all cases were higher than those of the blank control, but the increases were lower than those of the examples. This indicates that the use of different types of regulators or their combinations during the heading stage can promote grain filling in the later stages of rice, but the effects vary greatly depending on the specific measures taken. Among them, Comparative Example 3 showed the best overall effect, second only to the examples, followed by Comparative Example 4, whose thousand-grain weight, the thousand-grain weight of weak grains, and the yield were all relatively higher than those of the blank control, indicating that low concentrations of abscisic acid have a significant promoting effect on grain filling. However, the seed setting rate of Comparative Example 4 was slightly lower, which shows that low concentrations of abscisic acid have certain side effects on grain setting.

[0027] Comparing the two varieties, it was found that the comparative and example results showed a greater improvement in grain weight for Huai Dao 40 than for Nanjing 5718. This may be related to the characteristics of the varieties. Nanjing 5718 has a larger grain weight, generally exceeding 29g in normal years, which may have reached the upper limit of husk loading. In contrast, Huai Dao 40 has a grain weight of only around 27g, leaving more room for improvement. Therefore, this combination scheme is more suitable for direct-seeded planting of rice varieties with lighter grain weight to increase grain weight and thus improve yield.

[0028] Table 1-1 Effects of conditioner products on yield and yield structure of direct-seeded rice (Huai Dao 40) deal with Number of grains per ear / grain Number of grains per ear / grains Fruit setting rate 1000-grain weight / g Weak grain thousand-grain weight / g Production kg / 667m2 Example 95.9 87.3 91.03% 28.07 23.48 564.7 Comparative Example 1 95.1 86.1 90.54% 27.59 22.61 541.3 Comparative Example 2 93.6 84.3 90.06% 27.43 22.73 544.2 Comparative Example 3 94.4 85.1 90.15% 27.74 22.99 555.2 Comparative Example 4 94.1 83.5 88.74% 27.65 22.77 550.3 Comparative Example 5 94.5 84.8 89.74% 27.53 22.58 542.5 Blank control 93.9 83.6 89.03% 26.81 21.13 534.9 Table 1-2 Effects of conditioner products on yield and yield structure of direct-seeded rice (Nanjing 5718) deal with Number of grains per ear Number of grains per ear Fruit setting rate 1000-grain weight / g Weak grain thousand-grain weight / g Production kg / 667m2 Example 90.1 84.2 93.45% 30.69 27.83 550.3 Comparative Example 1 91.4 84.4 92.34% 30.32 27.43 538.5 Comparative Example 2 93.9 86.6 92.23% 30.39 27.46 531.7 Comparative Example 3 92.6 85.2 92.01% 30.54 27.55 542.3 Comparative Example 4 93.4 84.7 90.69% 30.44 27.63 535.4 Comparative Example 5 91.7 83.9 91.49% 30.28 27.39 530.1 Blank control 91.7 84.1 91.71% 29.64 26.67 525.4 Tables 2-1 and 2-2 show that the conditioner products for direct-seeded rice have inconsistent effects on various quality indicators of direct-seeded rice. Compared with the blank control, the head rice rate of the examples increased by 2 percentage points, while the chalky grain rate and chalkiness were also improved. At the same time, the protein content decreased and the eating quality improved, indicating that this case improved the processing quality and eating quality of direct-seeded rice. For the examples, except for Example 4 of Huai Dao 40, the head rice rate of the other examples was improved compared with the blank control, but the chalkiness also increased, that is, the processing quality improved but the appearance quality deteriorated. For the protein content, the changes in each treatment were relatively small. However, compared with the blank control, the change trends of the two varieties were not entirely consistent. In Example 1 of both varieties, the protein content decreased relatively, while in the comparative examples of Huai Dao 40, except for Comparative Example 4, the protein content increased slightly, and in Nanjing 5718, the protein content decreased relatively. Regarding the eating quality, both varieties in Example 1 showed improvements compared to the control. In the comparative examples of Huai Dao 40, only Comparative Example 4 showed an improvement over the control, while in Nanjing 5718, all comparative examples were higher than the control. In conclusion, the application of Example 1 on two different types of rice can effectively improve grain activity and filling ability, achieving a dual increase in seed setting rate and grain weight to increase grain yield. Simultaneously, it is beneficial for improving the processing quality, cooking and eating quality of rice, thereby increasing its value.

[0029] Table 2-1 Effects of direct-seeded rice conditioner products on the quality of direct-seeded rice (Huai Dao 40) deal with Rice milling rate % Head rice yield % chalky grain rate chalkiness Protein content % amylose content % Taste value Example 1 74.58 70.71 37.95 12.35 8.46 18.44 80.36 Comparative Example 1 73.99 69.27 33.56 11.32 8.57 18.33 78.12 Comparative Example 2 74.01 69.55 34.59 11.61 8.61 18.27 77.89 Comparative Example 3 74.22 70.14 32.68 10.97 8.64 18.21 76.59 Comparative Example 4 73.89 68.45 36.56 13.21 8.53 18.3 78.54 Comparative Example 5 74.05 69.54 34.68 11.77 8.65 18.22 77.64 Blank control 73.56 68.63 32.69 10.41 8.54 18.37 78.37 Table 2-2 Effects of Conditioner Products on Rice Quality of Direct-Seeded Rice (Nanjing 5718) deal with Rice milling rate % Head rice yield % chalky grain rate chalkiness Protein content % amylose content % Taste value Example 1 72.61 63.31 43.46 15.19 7.57 7.53 79.96 Comparative Example 1 73.03 63.11 43.42 14.06 7.68 7.51 77.08 Comparative Example 2 72.94 63.04 42.22 13.74 7.63 7.46 78.03 Comparative Example 3 73.31 63.22 40.36 12.03 7.72 7.37 76.14 Comparative Example 4 71.99 61.99 45.13 16.32 7.6 7.49 79.08 Comparative Example 5 72.89 62.34 41.85 13.71 7.74 7.34 75.77 Blank control 72.12 61.61 41.39 13.99 7.78 7.29 75.68 The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A conditioner set for improving grain quality and rice quality of direct-seeded rice, characterized by, The conditioner group includes a beginning earing conditioner and a full earing conditioner, the beginning earing conditioner including the following mass concentration components: abscisic acid 0.4 mg / mL, 6-benzylaminopurine 2 mg / mL, choline chloride 24 mg / mL; the full earing conditioner including the following mass concentration components: brassinolide 0.0004 mg / mL, abscisic acid 0.4 mg / mL, choline chloride 24 mg / mL.

2. The preparation method of the conditioner group for improving the grain quality and rice quality of direct seeding rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, Preparation of the beginning earing conditioner includes the following steps: Step 1: dissolving 6-benzylaminopurine with a dilute hydrochloric acid solution to obtain a 6-benzylaminopurine solution; Step 2: adding choline chloride to the solution obtained in step 1 and stirring to obtain a mixed solution, and then transferring the mixed solution to a volumetric flask; Step 3: dissolving abscisic acid powder with anhydrous ethanol, and then performing constant volume to form a stock solution; Step 4: adding the abscisic acid stock solution obtained in step 3 to the mixed solution in the volumetric flask in step 2 according to the amount, constant volume and uniform mixing, and adjusting the pH; Preparation of the full earing conditioner includes the following steps: Step a: dissolving brassinolide and abscisic acid powder with anhydrous ethanol respectively, and then adding water to constant volume to form respective stock solutions; Step b: dissolving choline chloride in water and stirring uniformly to obtain a choline chloride solution; Step c: adding the brassinolide stock solution and the abscisic acid stock solution obtained in step a to the choline chloride solution obtained in step b, stirring, constant volume and adjusting the pH.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the conditioner composition for improving grain quality and rice quality of live broadcast rice is characterized by, The pH value is adjusted to 5.0-5.5, and 0.1M HCl solution or 0.1M NaOH solution is used for pH adjustment.

4. The method for using the conditioner set for improving grain quality and rice quality of live broadcast rice according to claim 1, wherein, The beginning earing conditioner is diluted 30-50 times and then sprayed on the leaves of the direct seeding rice at the beginning earing stage, and the full earing conditioner is diluted 30-50 times and then sprayed on the leaves of the direct seeding rice at the full earing stage. The beginning earing conditioner is diluted 30-50 times and then sprayed on the leaves of the direct seeding rice at the beginning earing stage, and the full earing conditioner is diluted 30-50 times and then sprayed on the leaves of the direct seeding rice at the full earing stage.