Falling ball impact device for experiment

Abstract

The invention relates to an experimental falling ball impact device which comprises a base and a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism comprises a lifting platform, a synchronous belt and a lifting servo motor, a transmission shaft of the lifting servo motor is in transmission connection with the synchronous belt, and the lifting platform is fixedly connected with the synchronous belt. The lifting platform is provided with an infrared distance sensor and a horizontal transverse mechanism, the lifting servo motor controls the lifting platform to move up and down, symmetrical intercepting mechanisms are arranged on baffles on the two sides of the base, and the horizontal transverse mechanism is located below the lifting platform. The horizontal transverse mechanism is provided with an X-direction servo motor, a Y-direction servo motor, an electromagnet and a laser drop point indicator, and the transverse mechanism is used for moving the electromagnet in the X direction and the Y direction. According to the device, the falling ball position and the falling ball height can be automatically adjusted, secondary falling balls can be intercepted, it is avoided that secondary impact influences experiment data, and the accuracy of the experiment data is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of experimental instruments for brittle materials such as glass and ceramics, and specifically to an experimental falling ball impact device. Background Technology

[0002] The falling ball impact test, used to test the impact resistance of glass, is a standardized test that measures the energy required for the glass to crack by dropping a steel ball of specified mass freely from different heights. It is a core testing method for verifying the impact resistance of glass.

[0003] Most current testing devices rely on manual adjustment of the drop height and position of the ball. For example, Chinese patent application number 202411186542.2 discloses a glass drop ball testing device, which includes a load-bearing component, a control component, a support component, and a drop ball component. The support component is equipped with a guide and a scale. During the test, the height of the guide and the position of the load-bearing component in the receiving cavity need to be manually adjusted by referring to the scale. This allows for adjustment of the drop height and position of the ball. Since the test usually requires multiple sets of experimental data, the drop height and position of the steel ball need to be constantly adjusted manually, making the test process cumbersome, inefficient, and time-consuming. A single test takes about ≥5 minutes, and the manual adjustment height error is about ±5mm, while the drop ball position positioning deviation is about ±3mm, affecting the accuracy of the experimental data and the test efficiency.

[0004] In actual testing, the test requires the steel ball to impact the glass only once. A second impact can easily damage the glass, thus affecting the accuracy of the experimental data. Therefore, the steel ball needs to be manually intercepted the moment it bounces to prevent it from impacting the glass a second time. Furthermore, when testing thin glass sheets, workers are easily injured by glass fragments that fly out during the first impact, and it is difficult to manually clean up the scattered glass fragments after the test. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an experimental ball-dropping impact device that can automatically adjust the height and landing point with high precision and can intercept steel balls falling a second time.

[0006] An experimental ball-dropping impact device includes a base and a lifting mechanism. The base is surrounded by baffles arranged perpendicularly to it to form a box. The lifting mechanism includes a lifting platform, a synchronous belt, and a lifting servo motor. The drive shaft of the lifting servo motor is connected to the synchronous belt. The lifting platform is fixedly connected to the synchronous belt. The lifting platform is equipped with an infrared distance sensor and a horizontal mechanism. The lifting servo motor controls the up and down movement of the lifting platform. Symmetrical interception mechanisms are provided on one of the two baffles on the base.

[0007] The horizontal mechanism is located below the lifting platform. The horizontal mechanism includes an X-axis servo motor and lead screw one, and a Y-axis servo motor and lead screw two. A slide table one is provided on lead screw one, and the Y-axis servo motor is located below slide table one. A slide table two is provided on lead screw two, and an electromagnet and a laser landing point indicator are provided below slide table two. The X-axis servo motor controls the electromagnet to move in the X direction, and the Y-axis servo motor controls the electromagnet to move in the Y direction. A fixing clamp is also provided on the base.

[0008] The interception mechanism includes an interception plate, a telescopic servo motor, a lead screw, and an infrared sensor for the interception plate. The plate has a square through hole, and the interception plate is located inside the through hole. The telescopic servo motor is connected to the interception plate via the lead screw, and the telescopic servo motor drives the interception plate to telescopically move within the through hole via the lead screw. The interception mechanism also includes a safety lock and a safety lock infrared sensor. The safety lock is used to lock the interception plate.

[0009] The lifting mechanism is also equipped with a guide rail, which is vertically mounted on the base. Guide rods are provided on both sides of the guide rail, and the lifting platform is slidably connected to the guide rail and guide rods.

[0010] The enclosure is also equipped with a controller, which is electrically connected to the telescopic servo motor, the lifting servo motor, the X-axis servo motor, the Y-axis servo motor, the laser landing point indicator, the infrared distance sensor, the interceptor plate infrared sensor, the safety lock infrared sensor, and the electromagnet.

[0011] The base is also provided with material collection troughs on both sides. The base has a trapezoidal structure with a 45° angle on both sides. The material collection troughs are located below the sloping sides of the base.

[0012] The controller includes a control system and a human-machine interface panel. The infrared sensor of the safety lock is used to detect whether there is a human body inside the equipment and feeds back a signal to the controller to trigger whether the safety lock locks the interceptor plate. The infrared sensor of the interceptor plate is used to detect the secondary ball drop and to trigger the start of the interceptor plate.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0014] 1. This invention relates to a device for testing the impact resistance of glass. The height of an electromagnet is adjusted via a controller and a lifting servo motor. The vertical height of the electromagnet is measured in real time using an infrared distance sensor. The electromagnet's horizontal position is controlled by a servo motor in a horizontal mechanism, which also includes a laser landing point indicator to visually mark the landing point of the steel ball. This allows for automatic adjustment of the ball's height and landing point with an accuracy of ±0.1mm, reducing positional deviations and ensuring the accuracy of experimental data. In cases of multiple tests, this reduces testing time and improves efficiency. Furthermore, it incorporates a motion recognition-based anti-secondary impact device. When the infrared sensor on the interceptor plate detects a ball's bounce acceleration >5m / s², the device will detect the impact. 2 When the ball is in motion, the interception mechanism will be activated. The interception plates on both sides will quickly extend and close via telescopic servo motors to intercept the secondary ball, preventing secondary impact from affecting the experimental results. This replaces manual interception, further improving the accuracy of experimental data, reducing safety hazards, and shortening testing time.

[0015] 2. The base has drawer-type collection troughs on both sides. After testing, glass fragments slide down the inclined surfaces on both sides of the base into the collection troughs for collection, reducing the difficulty of cleaning up the fragments and ensuring the cleanliness and aesthetics of the testing environment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transverse mechanism structure of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1-Base; 2-Lifting servo motor; 3-Synchronous belt; 4-Guide rail; 5-Guide rod; 6-Lifting platform; 7-Infrared distance sensor; 8-X-direction servo motor; 9-Y-direction servo motor; 10-Electromagnet; 11-Fixing clamp; 12-Telescopic servo motor; 13-Blocking plate; 14-Blocking plate infrared sensor; 15-Safety lock infrared sensor; 16-Controller; 17-Collection trough; 18-Safety baffle; 19-Steel ball. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0022] In the description of this application, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0023] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, terms such as "setup," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0024] In the description of this application, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 1-2 An experimental ball-dropping impact device includes a base 1 and a lifting mechanism. The base 1 is surrounded by baffles perpendicular to it, which enclose the base 1 into a box. The lifting mechanism includes a lifting servo motor 2, a synchronous belt 3, a lifting platform 6, and a guide rail 4. The guide rail 4 is vertically mounted on the base 1, and guide rods 5 are provided on both sides of the guide rail 4. The lifting platform 6 is slidably connected to the guide rail 4 and the guide rods 5. The drive shaft of the lifting servo motor 2 is driven by the synchronous belt 3, and the lifting platform 6 is fixedly connected to the synchronous belt 3. The lifting servo motor 2 drives the lifting platform 6 to move up and down on the guide rail 4 through the synchronous belt 3.

[0026] The housing is also equipped with a controller 16, which includes a control system and a human-machine interface panel. A horizontal mechanism is provided below the lifting platform 6. The lifting servo motor 2 controls the up and down movement of the lifting platform 6. At the same time, an infrared distance sensor 7 is also provided on one side of the lifting platform 6. The infrared distance sensor 7 converts the infrared signal into data and transmits it to the controller 16. The height of the electromagnet 10 is displayed in real time on the control panel. The lifting servo motor 2, the controller 16, and the infrared distance sensor 7 form a closed-loop control system to achieve precise adjustment of the ball dropping height.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 3 The horizontal transverse mechanism is located below the lifting platform 6. The horizontal transverse mechanism includes an X-axis servo motor 8 and a lead screw 1, and a Y-axis servo motor 9 and a lead screw 2. A slide table 1 is provided on the lead screw 1. The Y-axis servo motor 9 is located below the slide table 1. A slide table 2 is provided on the lead screw 2. An electromagnet 10 and a laser landing point indicator are provided below the slide table 2. The X-axis servo motor 9 is connected to the slide table 1 through the lead screw 1. The X-axis servo motor 9 drives the slide table 1 to reciprocate in the X direction, thereby driving the Y-axis servo motor 10 on the slide table 1 to achieve reciprocating motion in the X direction, realizing the movement of the electromagnet 10 in the X direction. The Y-axis servo motor 9 controls the movement of the electromagnet 10 in the Y direction. A fixing clamp 11 is also provided on the base 1 for fixing the test glass sample.

[0028] Electromagnet 10 adjusts the ball's falling height via lifting servo motor 2. X-axis servo motor 8 and Y-axis servo motor 9 adjust the lateral position of electromagnet 10. Steel ball 19 is fixed and released via the start and stop of electromagnet 10. Simultaneously, a laser drop indicator on the slide table 2 marks the ball's position on the base 1, ensuring the ball's landing point coincides with the impact point of the test substrate. This invention achieves automatic adjustment of the steel ball's height and landing position using servo motors in the lifting and horizontal mechanisms, reaching a high precision of ±0.1mm. The laser drop indicator marks the landing position, increasing the accuracy of experimental data, reducing manual adjustment time, and improving testing efficiency.

[0029] The base 1 has symmetrical interception mechanisms on one of its two side baffles, and one of the other two side baffles is a detachable safety baffle 18. The interception mechanism includes a telescopic servo motor 12, an interception plate 13, a lead screw, and an infrared sensor 14 for the interception plate. The baffle has a square through hole, and the interception plate 13 is located in the through hole. The telescopic servo motor 12 is connected to the interception plate 13 via the lead screw. The telescopic servo motor 12 drives the interception plate 13 to telescopically move within the square through hole via the lead screw. The controller 16 calculates the bounce acceleration of the steel ball 19 after passing the infrared sensor 14 of the interception plate for the second time using a motion recognition-based anti-secondary impact algorithm. The bounce acceleration is ≥5 / m. 2At that time, the telescopic servo motors 12 on both sides of the box drive the two intercepting plates 13 to extend quickly. The two intercepting plates 13 close quickly inside the box to prevent the steel ball 19 from falling again, preventing secondary impact and preventing the secondary impact of the steel ball 19 from affecting the experimental results, ensuring the accuracy of the experimental data. This replaces manual interception, further reduces the test time, improves the test efficiency, and avoids the risk of workers being cut by glass fragments broken by the impact of the steel ball 19.

[0030] The interception mechanism is also equipped with a safety lock and a safety lock infrared sensor 15. The safety lock is used to lock the interception plate 13. The controller 16 includes a control system and a human-machine control panel. The safety lock infrared sensor 15 is used to detect whether there is a human body inside the equipment and feeds back a signal to the controller 16 to trigger whether the safety lock locks the interception plate 13. When a worker is inside the equipment, the controller 16 will activate the safety lock to lock the interception plate 13 to prevent the interception plate 13 from accidentally popping out and injuring people.

[0031] The controller 16 is electrically connected to the lifting servo motor 2, the infrared distance sensor 7, the X-axis servo motor 8, the Y-axis servo motor 9, the laser landing point indicator, the telescopic servo motor 12, the interceptor plate infrared sensor 14, the safety lock infrared sensor 15, and the electromagnet 10. This invention has automatic and manual modes, and can switch to manual mode under special conditions to complete ball impact tests with specific requirements.

[0032] The base 1 is also provided with collection troughs 17 on both sides. The base 1 has a trapezoidal cross-section and the angle of the inclined surfaces on both sides is 45°. The collection troughs 17 are located below the inclined surfaces on both sides of the base 1. After testing, the glass fragments on the base 1 can be swept to the inclined surfaces on both sides of the base 1 and slide into the collection troughs 17 for collection. Cleaning is convenient, further reducing manual operation and safety hazards, while ensuring the cleanliness and aesthetics of the testing environment.

[0033] Reference for test procedures to verify the impact resistance of glass:

[0034] (1) Start the power supply and check whether the self-test program checks whether the operation of each component is normal. Check whether the lifting servo motor 2, X-axis servo motor 8, Y-axis servo motor 9, and telescopic servo motor 12 can work normally and whether there are any abnormal noises. Focus on checking whether the intercepting infrared sensor 15 and the safety lock infrared sensor 15 are sensing, whether the infrared distance detection sensor 7 is working normally, whether the line is damaged, and check whether the system has any fault reports.

[0035] (2) Remove the safety baffle 18 and fix the steel ball 19 on the electromagnet 10. First, measure the distance between the bottom of the steel ball 19 and the infrared sensor 7 with a tape measure. Input the measured distance and the thickness of the test glass sample into the control system. Calculate the drop height of the ball and display it on the control panel in real time to adapt to steel balls 19 of different sizes (32-256g).

[0036] (3) Without placing the glass sample, place the steel ball 19 on the electromagnet 10 and start the ball drop test directly to test whether the interceptor plate 13 can pop out normally with a response time ≤0.1s. Measure the X and Y distances between the impact point and the laser drop point indicator using calipers, input the measurement data into the control system, and calculate the actual X and Y positions of the steel ball's landing point using formulas to accurately control the ball's position.

[0037] (4) Set the height and position parameters according to the experimental requirements. This device drives the electromagnet 10 to rise and fall through the lifting servo motor 2 and the synchronous belt 3 to adjust the falling height of the steel ball 19 (range 0mm-1800mm, accuracy ±0.1mm). Set the landing position. The X-axis servo motor 8 and the Y-axis servo motor 9 drive the electromagnet 10 to move horizontally to adjust the landing position of the steel ball 19 (range 0-200mm, accuracy ±0.1mm).

[0038] (5) After adjustment, place the glass sample on the base 1 and lock it with the fixing clamp 11. Put the steel ball 19 back on the electromagnet 10, install the safety baffle 18, and start the ball impact again.

[0039] (6) After the ball drop test is completed, close the program, put on your protective gear, clean up the site, and sweep the glass shards into the collection trough 17.

[0040] The detection principle and the electronic components being tested are based on existing structural technologies, and will not be elaborated here.

[0041] Based on the above structure and steps, further refinements are made to the testing of glass impact resistance:

[0042] Turn on the power, set the parameters (platform initial height 400mm, each increment 50mm, after 10 repeated tests, the ball landing position is set to the exact center of the glass), and remove the safety baffle 18. Place a 32g steel ball on the electromagnet 10. First, perform a test without a sample and ball positioning. The interceptor plate 13 pops out normally, with a response time of 0.08s, and a 100% success rate in intercepting secondary impacts.

[0043] Next, place the glass sample on the base 1 and fix it with the fixing clamp 11. Install the safety baffle 18 to seal the test environment and start the normal ball drop test. After the test is completed, place the intercepted steel ball 19 back on the electromagnet 10, and the intercepting plate 14 retracts to its original position. Repeat the above steps until all tests are completed. All glass fragments generated during the test are in the box. Clean up the glass fragments. The glass fragments slide down the inclined surface on the base 1 and are collected in the collection trough 18 for subsequent unified processing.

[0044] The embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of this application. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

Claims

1. A falling ball impact device for experiments, comprising a base (1), a lifting mechanism, characterized in that: The base (1) is provided with baffles vertically arranged around the base (1), the baffles enclose the base (1) into a box, the lifting mechanism comprises a lifting servo motor (2), a synchronous belt (3) and a lifting platform (6), the lifting servo motor (2) is in transmission connection with the synchronous belt (3), the lifting platform (6) is fixedly connected with the synchronous belt (3), the lifting platform (6) is provided with an infrared distance sensor (7) and a horizontal transverse mechanism, the lifting servo motor (2) drives the lifting platform (6) to move up and down, two baffles on the base (1) are provided with symmetrical intercepting mechanisms, one of the other two baffles is a detachable safety baffle (18). The horizontal transverse mechanism is located below the lifting platform (6), the horizontal transverse mechanism comprises an X-direction servo motor (8) and a lead screw one and a Y-direction servo motor (9) and a lead screw two, the lead screw one is provided with a sliding table one, the Y-direction servo motor (9) is located below the sliding table, the lead screw two is provided with a sliding table two, an electromagnet (10) and a laser drop point indicator are arranged below the sliding table two, the X-direction servo motor (9) controls the electromagnet (10) to move in the X direction, the Y-direction servo motor (9) controls the electromagnet (10) to move in the Y direction, the base (1) is further provided with a fixed clamp (11).

2. A falling sphere impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intercepting mechanism comprises a telescopic servo motor (12), an intercepting plate (13), a lead screw three and an intercepting plate infrared induction sensor (14), the baffle is provided with a square through hole, the intercepting plate (13) is located in the square through hole, the telescopic servo motor (12) is in transmission connection with the intercepting plate (13) through the lead screw three, the telescopic servo motor (12) drives the intercepting plate (13) to perform telescopic movement in the square through hole through the lead screw three, the intercepting mechanism is further provided with a safety lock and a safety lock infrared sensor (15), the safety lock is used for locking the intercepting plate (13).

3. The falling sphere impactor according to claim 1, wherein: The lifting mechanism is further provided with a guide rail (4), the guide rail (4) is vertically arranged on the base (1), guide rods (5) are arranged on both sides of the guide rail (4), the lifting platform (6) is in sliding connection with the guide rail (4) and the guide rods (5).

4. The falling sphere impactor according to claim 2, wherein: A controller (16) is further arranged outside the box, the controller (16) is in electrical connection with the lifting servo motor (2), the infrared distance sensor (7), the X-direction servo motor (8), the Y-direction servo motor (9), the laser drop point indicator, the telescopic servo motor (12), the intercepting plate infrared sensor (14), the safety lock infrared sensor (15) and the electromagnet (10) respectively.

5. The falling sphere impactor of claim 1, wherein: Two sides of the base (1) are further provided with material collecting grooves (17), the base (1) has a trapezoidal structure, the two side surfaces are inclined surfaces, the material collecting grooves (17) are located below the inclined surfaces of the two sides of the base (1).

6. A falling sphere impactor according to claim 4, wherein: The controller (16) comprises a control system and a man-machine control panel, the safety lock infrared sensor (15) is used for detecting whether there is a human body in the equipment and feeding a signal to the controller (16), so as to trigger whether the safety lock locks the intercepting plate (13).

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