Ka-band broadband characteristic magnetoelectric dipole antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a Ka-band broadband characteristic magnetoelectric dipole antenna, and belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave radio frequency front-end devices. The antenna comprises an upper-layer dielectric substrate, a semi-cured layer, a lower-layer dielectric substrate and a metal ground backboard which are stacked from top to bottom. The surface of the upper dielectric substrate is provided with four special hexagonal radiation patches, a central rectangular feed patch and four rectangular parasitic patches. A cross-shaped gap is defined by the four radiation patches, and the center feed patch and the specific metal through hole and the metal blind hole in the lower layer jointly form an inverted L-shaped feed probe. And each radiation patch and each parasitic patch are respectively connected to the metal ground backboard through metal through holes. The antenna has the advantages of wide bandwidth, stable performance and compact structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a Ka-band broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna, belonging to the field of millimeter-wave radio frequency front-end device technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of emerging technologies such as 5G communication, millimeter-wave radar, and ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning, higher performance requirements are being placed on antenna devices operating in the millimeter-wave band. The Ka band, as one of the core application bands of the millimeter-wave band, covers a frequency range of 26.5-40 GHz, offering advantages such as high signal transmission rates, strong anti-interference capabilities, and compact device size. It plays an irreplaceable role in scenarios such as high-speed wireless communication, precision radar detection, and short-range high-precision positioning, making it a key focus of current RF front-end device research and development.

[0003] Most Ka-band antennas are limited by their structural design, resulting in narrow impedance bandwidths that make it difficult to simultaneously cover the entire Ka-band (26.5-40GHz) and the adjacent lower Q-band (40-46GHz). This limits the antenna's applicability in multi-band compatible scenarios. For example, it cannot meet the need to switch between different frequency bands, such as 27GHz (a key frequency band for 5G millimeter-wave communication) and 35GHz (a commonly used frequency band for radar detection). Multiple antennas are required to achieve full-scene coverage, increasing the difficulty and cost of equipment integration.

[0004] Against this backdrop, developing a broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna that can cover the entire Ka-band frequency range and has excellent impedance matching performance and stable radiation characteristics has become a key requirement for solving the current technical pain points of millimeter-wave radio frequency front-end devices and promoting the implementation of technologies in fields such as 5G communication and radar detection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology and provide a Ka-band broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows: A Ka-band broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna includes, from top to bottom, an upper dielectric substrate, a prepreg layer, a lower dielectric substrate, and a metal ground backplate; the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate is provided with a radiating patch, a rectangular patch, and a parasitic patch. There are four radiating patches and four parasitic patches, and the radiating patches and parasitic patches correspond one-to-one; there is a cross-shaped gap between the four radiating patches, and the parasitic patches are located on the outside of the corresponding radiating patches and are parallel to the adjacent sides of the radiating patches; the rectangular patch is located at the center of the cross-shaped gap, and the two ends of the lower surface of the rectangular patch are respectively provided with a first metal through hole and a metal blind hole. The end of the first metal through hole is connected to the metal ground back plate, and the end of the metal blind hole is located on the lower surface of the semi-cured layer; The lower inner surface of each radiating patch is provided with a second metal through hole, and the end of the second metal through hole is connected to a metal ground back plate; the lower surface of the parasitic patch is provided with a third metal through hole, and the end of the third metal through hole is connected to a metal ground back plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the main body of the radiating patch is a rectangular structure, with notched corner A, notched corner b, and a rectangular groove on it; The cross-shaped gap includes gap a and gap b, and gap a and gap b are perpendicular to each other; the notch A, notch b and rectangular groove of each radiating patch are far away from the center of the cross-shaped gap, wherein notch A is close to gap a, notch b is close to gap b, and the rectangular groove is parallel to the parasitic patch.

[0008] Furthermore, the rectangular patch is located in gap a, perpendicular to the central axis of gap b.

[0009] Furthermore, the rectangular patch and the first metal through hole and metal blind hole on its lower surface constitute a Γ-shaped feed probe.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The radiating patch in this invention is a hexagonal structure with rectangular grooves. The hexagonal structure is a rectangle with two corners cut off (missing corners). This shape further suppresses the higher-order modes of the antenna. When the antenna is working, the parasitic structure and the rectangular groove structure of the radiating patch generate resonance points respectively, which further broadens the S11 parameters of the antenna.

[0011] 2. The antenna has a reflection coefficient S11 < -10dB in the 26.74-46.69GHz frequency band and a relative impedance bandwidth of 54.3%. It can not only fully cover the entire Ka band (26.5-40GHz) but also extend to the adjacent low Q band (40-46GHz), breaking through the frequency band segmentation problem of traditional antennas. At the same time, the antenna has good radiation performance in key frequency bands such as 27GHz, 30GHz, and 35GHz, and can stably achieve efficient signal radiation.

[0012] 3. Traditional magnetoelectric dipole antennas use L-shaped feed probes and do not include the aforementioned metal blind aperture, while the Γ-shaped feed probe in this antenna increases the available bandwidth of the antenna and reduces the size of the antenna while ensuring performance. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a top view of the overall structure of a Ka-band broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a left view of the overall structure of a Ka-band broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a left view of the overall structure of the Γ-shaped feed probe.

[0016] Figure 4 This is the left view of the parasitic structure.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a left view of the overall structure of the radiating patch and its metal through-hole.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a top view of the overall structure of the radiating patch.

[0019] Figure 7 It is a top view of the overall structure of all antenna patches, upper dielectric substrate, metal vias, and metal blind vias.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a top view of the overall structure of the Γ-shaped feed probe.

[0021] Figure 9 This is a top view of the parasitic structure.

[0022] Figure 10 This is a top view of the overall structure of the radiating patch and its metal through-hole.

[0023] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structural position of the cross-shaped gap in this embodiment.

[0024] Figure 12 This is the antenna return loss curve of this embodiment.

[0025] Figure 13 These are the gain patterns of the antenna in this embodiment at 27GHz, 30GHz, and 35GHz, respectively.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Radiation patch, 2. Rectangular patch, 3. Parasitic patch, 4. Upper dielectric substrate, 5. Prepreg layer, 6. Lower dielectric substrate, 7. Metal ground plane, 8. First metal via, 9. Metal blind via, 10. Third metal via, 11. Second metal via, 12. Cross-shaped gap, 12-1. Gap b, 12-2. Gap a, 1-1. Corner notch b, 1-2. Rectangular groove, 1-3. Corner notch A. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in further detail.

[0028] This embodiment provides a Ka-band broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the structure of which is as follows: Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the substrate includes an upper dielectric substrate 4, a prepreg layer 5, a lower dielectric substrate 6, and a metal ground plane 7, which are stacked sequentially from top to bottom. The upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 4 is provided with a radiating patch 1, a rectangular patch 2 (i.e., a patch for a Γ-shaped feed probe), and a parasitic patch 3.

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 10 As shown, there are four radiating patches 1, all disposed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 4. Each radiating patch 1 has a rectangular main body, which is then cut into a hexagonal structure, specifically including notched corners A1-3 and b1-1, and rectangular grooves 1-2 are formed at the edges. The four radiating patches 1 are arranged around the center of the antenna, forming a cross-shaped gap 12 between them. This cross-shaped gap is composed of mutually perpendicular gaps a12-2 and b12-1.

[0030] Each radiating patch 1 has a second metal through hole 11 on the lower inner surface. The through hole passes through the upper dielectric substrate 4, the semi-cured layer 5 and the lower dielectric substrate 6, and the end is connected to the metal ground backplate 7 to realize the grounding and current path control of the radiating patch.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 9 As shown, the parasitic patches 3 are rectangular metal patches, four in total, disposed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 4, and located outside the corresponding radiating patch 1, parallel to the adjacent side of the radiating patch 1. Each parasitic patch 3 has a third metal through-hole 10 on its lower surface, which also penetrates the entire dielectric layer and connects to the metal ground plane 7 at its end, used to adjust the antenna resonance characteristics. All parasitic patches are parallel to the gap a12-2.

[0032] like Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the rectangular patch 2 is located at the center of the cross-shaped gap 12, specifically in gap a12-2, and perpendicular to the central axis of gap b12-1. The lower surface of the rectangular patch 2 has a first metal through hole 8 and a metal blind hole 9 at each end.

[0033] The first metal through-hole 8 penetrates the upper dielectric substrate 4, the semi-cured layer 5, and the lower dielectric substrate 6, and its end is connected to the metal ground backplate 7.

[0034] The length of the metal blind via 9 is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the upper dielectric substrate 4 and the semi-cured layer 5, and its end is located on the lower surface of the semi-cured layer 5, without touching the lower dielectric substrate 6.

[0035] The first metal through-hole 8, the metal blind hole 9, and the rectangular patch 2 together constitute a Γ-shaped feed probe. Compared with the traditional L-shaped probe, this structure effectively expands the working bandwidth of the antenna while maintaining impedance matching performance and helps to reduce the size of the antenna.

[0036] The dielectric constants of the upper dielectric substrate 4 and the lower dielectric substrate 6 are both 2.2, and the dielectric constant of the prepreg layer 5 is 3.55. The three dielectric layers together form the antenna substrate, providing support and fixation for the various metal structures.

[0037] A metal ground backplate 7 is disposed on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 6, serving as the grounding and reflecting surface of the antenna.

[0038] Through the above structural design, the antenna of this embodiment has a reflection coefficient S11 < -10dB in the 26.74-46.69GHz frequency band and a relative impedance bandwidth of 54.3%. It not only fully covers the entire Ka band (26.5-40GHz) but also extends to the adjacent lower Q band (40-46GHz).

[0039] Figure 12 The return loss curve of the antenna is shown. It can be seen that at key frequency points such as 27GHz, 30GHz and 35GHz, S11 is below -10dB, indicating that the antenna has good impedance matching characteristics in these frequency bands.

[0040] Figure 13 The gain patterns of the antenna at 27 GHz, 30 GHz, and 35 GHz are shown, demonstrating that the antenna can achieve stable and efficient signal radiation in these frequency bands.

[0041] Appendix Figure 1 The dimensions of the —10 structure are (in millimeters):

[0042] The lengths of a, b, c, and d are all 6.5, 0.6, 0.62, 1.25, 1.25, 0.15, 0.15, 2.075, 1.1, 0.85, 1.3, 0.2, 0.25, 1.875, 2.1, 0.9, 0.225, 0.69, 0.5, 2.2, 1.675, 0.575, and 1.905.

[0043] The above is just one example. To obtain a broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna with different center frequencies, different parameters can be adjusted according to the specific implementation method to achieve different operating frequency bands.

[0044] It should be understood that the above description of specific embodiments of the present invention is merely an exemplary description provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and does not imply that the scope of protection of the present invention is limited to these specific examples. Those skilled in the art can obtain more specific embodiments without any creative effort by combining technical features, replacing some technical features, adding more technical features, etc., of the various examples listed in the present invention, provided that they have a full understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention. All of these specific embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, and therefore, these new specific embodiments should also be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Ka-band broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna, comprising an upper dielectric substrate (4), a prepreg layer (5), a lower dielectric substrate (6), and a metal ground plane (7) stacked sequentially from top to bottom; wherein a radiating patch (1), a rectangular patch (2), and a parasitic patch (3) are disposed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate (4). The radiation patch (1) and parasitic patch (3) are provided in fours, and the radiation patch (1) and parasitic patch (3) correspond one-to-one; there is a cross-shaped gap (12) between the four radiation patches (1), and the parasitic patch (3) is located on the outside of the corresponding radiation patch (1) and parallel to the adjacent side of the radiation patch (1); the rectangular patch (2) is located at the center of the cross-shaped gap (12), and the two ends of the lower surface of the rectangular patch (2) are respectively provided with a first metal through hole (8) and a metal blind hole (9). The end of the first metal through hole (8) is connected to the metal back plate (7), and the end of the metal blind hole (9) is located on the lower surface of the semi-cured layer (5); The lower inner surface of each of the radiation patches (1) is provided with a second metal through hole (11), and the end of the second metal through hole (11) is connected to a metal ground back plate (7); the lower surface of the parasitic patch (3) is provided with a third metal through hole (10), and the end of the third metal through hole (10) is connected to a metal ground back plate (7).

2. The Ka-band broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the radiation patch (1) is a rectangular structure, with a notch A (1-3), a notch b (1-1) and a rectangular groove (1-2) on it. The cross-shaped gap (12) includes gap a (12-2) and gap b (12-1), and gap a (12-2) and gap b (12-1) are perpendicular to each other; the notch A (1-3), notch b (1-1) and rectangular groove (1-2) of each radiation patch (1) are all far away from the center of the cross-shaped gap (12), wherein notch A (1-3) is close to gap a (12-2), notch b (1-1) is close to gap b (12-1), and rectangular groove (1-2) is parallel to parasitic patch (3).

3. A Ka-band broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rectangular patch (2) is located in gap a (12-2) and is perpendicular to the central axis of gap b (12-1).

4. A Ka-band broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectangular patch (2) and its lower surface, including the first metal through hole (8) and the metal blind hole (9), constitute a Γ-shaped feed probe.

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