Macadamia nut three-dimensional planting system based on AMF fungicide and drought resisting method of macadamia nut three-dimensional planting system

Abstract

The invention discloses a macadamia nut three-dimensional planting system based on an AMF fungicide and a drought resisting method thereof.The AMF fungicide comprises glomus mosseae, arbuscular mycorrhiza, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, humus and biochar, the AMF fungicide is used for planting macadamia nuts, the three-dimensional planting system of the macadamia nuts and under-forest crops is combined, and the drought resisting capability of the macadamia nuts is improved. And the drought resistance method of soil improvement, precise irrigation and foliage spraying of the drought-resistant agent can improve the drought resistance of the macadamia nuts. The macadamia nut three-dimensional planting system based on the AMF fungicide and the drought resisting method of the macadamia nut three-dimensional planting system are applied to tropical monsoon climate and subtropical low-latitude mountain monsoon climate areas, and the survival rate and yield of macadamia nuts can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and in particular to a three-dimensional macadamia nut planting system based on AMF inoculant and its drought-resistant method. Background Technology

[0002] Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) is an important economic crop, its fruit being rich in nutrients and possessing high economic value. However, macadamia nuts have high water requirements during their growth and are relatively drought-resistant, which severely impacts their growth and yield in arid regions or during dry seasons. Chinese patent CN113728862B discloses a macadamia nut cultivation method that reduces soil moisture loss and improves water use efficiency and macadamia nut yield through the rational use of bio-based nutrient soil combined with water-retaining agents. However, traditional planting methods often neglect the three-dimensional use of land, leading to waste of land resources. Therefore, developing an eco-friendly planting system that can improve the drought resistance, survival rate, and yield of macadamia nuts while optimizing land use efficiency is of significant practical importance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional macadamia nut planting system based on AMF (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and its drought resistance method. By optimizing the rhizosphere microbial community through specific fungal agent formulations and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers used, and by combining a three-dimensional planting model with reasonable irrigation and foliar water retention measures, the survival ability and yield performance of macadamia nuts under drought conditions are enhanced, and land utilization is improved. It is an eco-friendly agricultural planting technology.

[0004] Firstly, an AMF bacterial agent is provided, comprising a core bacterial strain and a carrier matrix.

[0005] Preferably, the core microbial strains include *Glomus mosierifolia*, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the carrier matrix includes humus and biochar, with a mass ratio of core microbial strains to carrier matrix of 1:10~20.

[0006] Preferably, the core microbial species are mainly composed of *Gymnospermum moses* and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, accounting for 60-80 wt%, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are auxiliary microbial species, accounting for 20-40 wt%. The mass ratio of *Gymnospermum moses* to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the main microbial species is 1-2:1, and the mass ratio of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the auxiliary microbial species is 2-3:2.

[0007] Preferably, the mass ratio of humus to biochar in the carrier matrix is ​​2-4:1.

[0008] Glomus mosseae is an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus that forms a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with plant roots, helping plants improve their absorption of mineral nutrients, especially phosphorus and zinc, and enhancing their stress resistance. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (Rhizophagus irregularis) are important soil microorganisms that also form a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with plant roots, helping plants absorb water and nutrients while the plants provide a carbon source for the mycorrhizae. Humus and biochar in the substrate help enhance the colonization ability of the fungal community.

[0009] Secondly, it provides an application of AMF inoculant in macadamia nut cultivation.

[0010] Preferred methods of applying AMF in macadamia nut cultivation include planting in holes at the time of transplanting and drip irrigation during the growing season.

[0011] Preferably, the application of AMF (Amino Acid Fungicide) at planting time includes the following steps: Before planting, dig planting holes, evenly spread AMF inoculant in the planting holes, and then cover with soil and plant the macadamia nut plants. The dosage of AMF inoculant for macadamia nuts is 10-20g per plant. Applying AMF at planting time helps promote contact between the roots and the inoculant and establish a symbiotic relationship.

[0012] Preferably, drip irrigation during the growing season includes the following steps: diluting the AMF inoculant 50 to 200 times and applying it via drip irrigation during the six growing seasons of macadamia plants: flower bud differentiation, flowering, young fruit stage, fruit enlargement, and fruit oil accumulation. The application methods of the AMF inoculant for different growing seasons are shown in Table 1.

[0013] Table 1. Application methods of ATM inoculant at different growth stages of macadamia nuts

[0014] Thirdly, a three-dimensional macadamia nut planting system based on AMF microbial agent is provided, which adopts a three-dimensional planting model of "macadamia nuts + understory crops", that is, shade-tolerant herbaceous medicinal plants are planted around the macadamia nut plants, and the symbiotic relationship between AMF microbial agent and plants is used to promote nutrient sharing.

[0015] Preferably, macadamia nuts are cultivated using the above-mentioned AMF inoculant application method, and the shade-tolerant herbaceous medicinal plant is selected from either Dendrobium or Panax notoginseng; Preferably, the planting density for macadamia nuts is 20-25 plants per acre, and the planting density for shade-tolerant herbaceous medicinal plants is 3000-4000 plants per acre.

[0016] Fourthly, a drought-resistant method for a macadamia nut three-dimensional planting system based on AMF microbial agent is provided, including soil improvement, precision irrigation, and foliar spraying of drought-resistant agent for the above-mentioned macadamia nut three-dimensional planting system based on AMF microbial agent.

[0017] Preferably, soil improvement includes deep tilling, application of organic fertilizer, and addition of a water-retaining agent. The depth of deep tilling is 30-50 cm. The organic fertilizer is either well-rotted cow manure or chicken manure, applied at a rate of 2000-3000 kg / mu. The water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide, added at a rate of 1-2 kg / mu. The method for adding the water-retaining agent is to first evenly spread it on the soil surface, and then till it into the soil.

[0018] Deep tillage can break up soil compaction and increase soil porosity. Applying organic fertilizers can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil structure, and enhance water retention. Adding water-retaining agents can further increase the soil's water retention capacity.

[0019] Preferably, precision irrigation uses drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation to maintain the soil relative humidity at 60-70%. The soil relative humidity is measured by a soil humidity sensor, and the water requirement pattern of macadamia nuts is determined based on the soil relative humidity to carry out precision irrigation.

[0020] Preferably, the frequency of foliar spraying of drought-resistant agents is 7-10 days / time during dry seasons when the relative soil humidity is below 60%, and 5-7 days / time during prolonged extreme drought when the relative soil moisture content is below 50%. The drought-resistant agents include proline, mannitol, and abscisic acid, wherein the concentration of proline is 0.1-0.3 mol / L, the concentration of mannitol is 0.05-0.1 mol / L, and the concentration of abscisic acid is 0.01-0.03 mg / L. The total amount of proline, mannitol, and abscisic acid sprayed is 80-100 L / acre / time, and it is necessary to ensure that the leaf surface is evenly moistened but does not drip. The specific spraying method is shown in Table 2.

[0021] Table 2. Methods for spraying drought-resistant agents

[0022] Proline can regulate cell osmotic pressure and enhance the cell's water retention capacity. Mannitol has a stable cell structure and reduces drought-induced cell damage. Abscisic acid can induce the expression of drought-resistant genes in plants, thereby enhancing their drought resistance.

[0023] Fifthly, an application of a drought-resistant method for a macadamia nut three-dimensional planting system based on AMF inoculant is provided.

[0024] Beneficial effects 1. Eco-friendly: The use of AMF inoculant optimizes the rhizosphere microbial community of macadamia plants, reduces the amount of chemical fertilizers used, and lowers environmental pollution.

[0025] 2. Strong drought resistance: AMF inoculant can enhance the drought resistance of plants. When combined with soil improvement, precision irrigation and foliar spraying of drought-resistant agents, it can significantly improve the survival rate and yield of macadamia nuts under drought conditions.

[0026] 3. High land utilization rate: The three-dimensional planting model of "macadamia nuts + understory crops" makes full use of land resources and improves the economic benefits per unit area.

[0027] 4. Significant Comprehensive Benefits: The three-dimensional planting system and drought-resistant method of this invention comprehensively utilize soil management, irrigation, and microbial technologies, resulting in a synergistic effect. This significantly improves the drought resistance of macadamia nuts, ensuring their yield and quality under drought conditions. Compared to conventional planting, the survival rate of macadamia nuts under drought conditions increases by 30-35%, yield increases by 25-28%, medicinal plant yield increases by 35%, and water is saved by 40%.

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that this embodiment is based on the present technical solution and provides detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

[0030] Example 1 This embodiment provides an AMF (Amphioxus Fungal) inoculant, comprising a core microbial strain and a carrier matrix, with a mass ratio of 1:15. The core microbial strain consists mainly of *Gyrodactylus moses* and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, accounting for 60 wt%, while phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria constitute the auxiliary microbial group, accounting for 40 wt%. The mass ratio of *Gyrodactylus moses* to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the core microbial group is 1:1, and the mass ratio of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the auxiliary microbial group is 1:1. The mass ratio of humus to biochar in the carrier matrix is ​​3:1.

[0031] Example 2 This embodiment provides an AMF bacterial agent, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the proportion of the main bacterial group in the core bacterial strain is 70 wt%, and the proportion of the auxiliary bacterial group is 30 wt%. Everything else is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0032] Example 3 This embodiment provides an AMF bacterial agent, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that the proportion of the main bacterial group in the core bacterial strain is 80 wt%, and the proportion of the auxiliary bacterial group is 20 wt%. Everything else is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0033] Example 4 This embodiment provides a method for planting macadamia nuts, in which the AMF microbial agent prepared in Example 1 is applied during the macadamia nut planting process. The application methods of the AMF microbial agent include hole application at the time of planting and drip irrigation application during the growing season.

[0034] The application of AMF at the time of planting includes the following steps: Before planting, dig a planting hole, evenly sprinkle the AMF agent in the planting hole, and then cover it with soil and plant the macadamia nut plant. The amount of AMF agent used for macadamia nuts is 15g / plant.

[0035] The drip irrigation application during the growing season includes the following steps: After diluting the AMF inoculant, drip irrigation is applied during the six growing seasons of macadamia plants: flower bud differentiation, flowering, young fruit stage, fruit enlargement stage, and fruit oil accumulation stage. The number of applications and the amount applied during each growing season are shown in Table 3.

[0036] Table 3. Application methods of ATM inoculant at different growth stages of macadamia nuts

[0037] Example 5 This embodiment provides a method for cultivating macadamia nuts, which differs from Embodiment 4 in that the AMF inoculant prepared in Embodiment 2 is applied during the macadamia nut cultivation process. Everything else is the same as in Embodiment 4.

[0038] Example 6 This embodiment provides a method for cultivating macadamia nuts, which differs from Embodiment 4 in that the AMF inoculant prepared in Embodiment 3 is applied during the macadamia nut cultivation process. Everything else is the same as in Embodiment 4.

[0039] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a method for cultivating macadamia nuts, which differs from Example 4 in that no AMF inoculant is applied during the cultivation of macadamia nuts.

[0040] Results Analysis The effects of different AMF inoculants applied in Examples 4-6 and Comparative Example 1 on the mycorrhizal infection rate, total biomass, total nitrogen content, and total phosphorus content of macadamia seedlings were determined. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0041] (1) Mycorrhizal infection rate: determined by trypan blue staining under a microscope. Fine roots (diameter <2 mm) of seedlings were taken, washed, and cut into 1 cm segments. These segments were then soaked in 10% KOH solution (90℃ water bath for 30 minutes) to remove cytoplasm. The residual KOH was neutralized by acidification with 2% HCl for 5 minutes. A 0.05% trypan blue lactic acid glycerol solution (lactic acid: glycerol: water = 1:1:1) was then boiled in water for 10 minutes. After slide preparation, the samples were observed under a microscope (200~400×). Thirty fields of view were randomly selected, and the proportion of root segments infected by hyphae / arbuscular mycorrhizal ...

[0042] (2) Total biomass: Determined by drying and weighing method. The aboveground parts (stems and leaves) and underground parts (roots) were separated, blanched at 105℃ for 30 minutes, dried at 70℃ to constant weight, and weighed using an analytical balance. Total biomass = aboveground dry weight + underground dry weight (3) Total nitrogen content: determined by the Kjeldahl method. The dried plants were ground and passed through a 100-mesh sieve. 0.1 g sample + 5 mL concentrated H2SO4 + catalyst (K2SO4:CuSO4 = 10:1) was digested at 420℃ until transparent. The digestion solution was distilled with NaOH, ammonia was absorbed with boric acid, and titrated with hydrochloric acid standard solution.

[0043]

[0044] Where V is the sample titration volume, V0 is the blank volume, C is the hydrochloric acid concentration, and m is the sample mass.

[0045] (4) Determination of total phosphorus content: The molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method was used. After sample digestion, the sample reacted with ammonium molybdate to form a blue complex, which was then measured by spectrophotometer.

[0046]

[0047] Where C: standard curve concentration, V: fixed volume, and D: dilution factor.

[0048] Table 4. Effects of different AMF inoculants on macadamia seedlings

[0049] As can be seen from Table 4: (1) Mycorrhizal infection rate: The AMF inoculants of Examples 5 and 6 (main flora percentage of 70wt% and 80wt%) had significantly higher mycorrhizal infection rates on macadamia seedlings than those of Example 4 (main flora percentage of 60wt%) (P<0.05), indicating that the increased proportion of main flora in the AMF inoculant helps to promote mycorrhizal formation, but the difference between Examples 5 and 6 was not significant (P>0.05); (2) Biomass and nutrient absorption: In Example 5 (main microbial community accounting for 70wt%), the total biomass, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of macadamia seedlings were the highest, significantly better than other cases (P<0.05), indicating that the AMF inoculant with a main microbial community accounting for 70wt% had the closest symbiotic relationship with macadamia nuts and could promote nutrient absorption and plant growth more efficiently. (3) Comprehensive evaluation: In Example 5, the AMF inoculum with a main bacterial community of 70 wt% had the highest comprehensive symbiotic efficiency score (89.2), which is the optimal ratio for AMF inoculum. The reason is speculated to be that under this ratio, the ecological niche complementarity between the main bacterial community and the auxiliary bacteria in the AMF inoculum is the strongest. It can not only give full play to the dominant role of Gloydiomycosis and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in the AMF inoculum, but also improve the rhizosphere microenvironment and increase nutrient availability through phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0050] Note: In the analysis of significant differences, the P-value is a very important statistical indicator. When P > 0.05, it means that, given the null hypothesis, the probability of obtaining the current sample data or more extreme data is relatively high. When P ≤ 0.05, it means that, given the null hypothesis, the probability of obtaining the current sample data or more extreme data is very low; it is a low-probability event. In Table 4, a, b, and c represent the cases of significant differences, with the significance of differences increasing progressively from a to c.

[0051] Example 7 This embodiment provides a three-dimensional macadamia nut cultivation system based on AMF inoculant, which differs from Embodiment 7 in that it adopts a three-dimensional cultivation pattern of "macadamia nuts + dendrobium," with dendrobium plants planted around the macadamia nut plants. The macadamia nut planting follows the AMF inoculant application method described in Embodiment 5, with a planting density of 22 macadamia nut plants / acre and a dendrobium planting density of 3500 plants / acre. All other aspects are the same as in Embodiment 7.

[0052] Example 8 This embodiment provides a three-dimensional macadamia nut cultivation system based on AMF inoculant, which differs from Embodiment 7 in that it adopts a three-dimensional cultivation pattern of "macadamia nuts + Panax notoginseng", with Panax notoginseng planted around the macadamia nut plants. Everything else is the same as in Embodiment 7.

[0053] Comparative Example 2 This embodiment provides a macadamia nut cultivation system based on AMF inoculant, which differs from Embodiment 5 in that it adopts a monoculture planting pattern for macadamia nuts, i.e., no other crops are planted around the macadamia nut plants. Otherwise, it is the same as Embodiment 5.

[0054] Results Analysis Total water consumption, economic yield, water use efficiency, and average soil moisture content (0-60 cm) of macadamia nuts were measured under different planting patterns in Examples 7-8 and Comparative Example 2. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0055] (1) Total water consumption Total water consumption was determined using the water balance method. Based on the principle of water balance, the difference between water inflow and outflow in forest land over a certain period is the total water consumption for that period. The calculation formula is as follows: ET = P + I - R - D ± ΔS in, ET represents water consumption; P represents precipitation, which is measured using a rain gauge or automatic weather station. I represents irrigation volume, calculated by recording the flow rate of the irrigation equipment and the irrigation time. R represents surface runoff, which is collected and measured by setting up runoff plots in forest areas. D represents the deep leakage rate, which is measured using a permeameter. ΔS represents the change in soil water storage, that is, the change in soil moisture content over a certain period of time. If soil water storage increases, it is positive; if soil water storage decreases, it is negative.

[0056] (2) Water use efficiency Water use efficiency was determined using the biomass-to-water-consumption ratio method. The ratio of plant dry matter accumulation to water consumption is expressed as WUE = Y / ET, where Y is the biomass of the macadamia nut and ET is the water consumption.

[0057] (3) Average soil moisture content from 0 to 60 cm The average soil moisture content from 0 to 60 cm depth was determined using the drying method. Fresh soil samples were weighed, then dried in an oven at 105℃ to constant weight, and weighed again. The soil moisture content was calculated based on the weight difference. Soil moisture content % = (Wet soil weight - Dry soil weight) / Dry soil weight * 100%. The average soil moisture content was obtained by averaging the moisture content of each layer from 0 to 60 cm.

[0058] Table 5. Water use of macadamia nuts under different planting patterns

[0059] As can be seen from Table 5: (1) Water use efficiency: The water use efficiency of the three-dimensional planting mode is significantly higher than that of the monoculture mode. Among them, the water use efficiency of the three-dimensional planting mode of "macadamia + dendrobium" is the highest (0.86 kg / m³), which is 91.1% higher than that of the macadamia monoculture mode. This is because the three-dimensional planting mode reduces the evaporation of soil water by covering the soil with understory crops, and at the same time, the AMF inoculant improves the water absorption efficiency of macadamia roots, thereby improving the water use efficiency. (2) Soil moisture content: The soil moisture content of the three-dimensional planting mode was significantly higher than that of the monoculture mode, indicating that the covering effect of the understory crops and the soil structure improvement effect of AMF inoculant jointly improved the soil water retention capacity. (3) Economic output: The economic output of the three-dimensional planting model is significantly higher than that of the monoculture model. Among them, the economic output of the three-dimensional planting model of "macadamia + dendrobium" is the highest, which is 75.7% higher than that of the macadamia monoculture model, reflecting the resource efficiency advantage of the three-dimensional planting model.

[0060] Example 9 This embodiment provides a drought-resistant method for a macadamia nut three-dimensional planting system based on AMF inoculant, including soil improvement, precision irrigation, and foliar spraying of drought-resistant agents for the AMF inoculant-based macadamia nut three-dimensional planting system.

[0061] Soil improvement includes deep tilling, application of organic fertilizer, and addition of a water-retaining agent. The deep tilling depth is 40cm, the organic fertilizer is well-rotted cow manure, and the application rate is 2500 kg / mu. The water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide, and the addition rate is 1.5 kg / mu. The method of adding the water-retaining agent is to first evenly spread it on the soil surface, and then till it into the soil. Precision irrigation uses drip irrigation to maintain the soil relative humidity at 68%. The soil relative humidity is measured by a soil humidity sensor, and drip irrigation is performed once when the soil relative humidity is below 68%. Foliar spraying of drought-resistant agents should be done once every 7 days during dry seasons when the relative soil moisture content is below 60%, and once every 5 days during prolonged extreme droughts when the relative soil moisture content is below 50%. The total amount of proline, mannitol, and abscisic acid sprayed should be 100 L / acre / time, ensuring that the leaves are evenly moistened but not dripping. The specific spraying methods for drought-resistant agents are shown in Table 6.

[0062] Table 6. Application method of drought-resistant agent in Example 10

[0063] Example 10 This embodiment provides a drought-resistant method for a macadamia nut intercropping system based on AMF inoculant. The difference from Embodiment 9 is that the specific spraying method for the drought-resistant agent is shown in Table 7, and the total spraying amount of proline, mannitol, and abscisic acid is 80 L / acre / time. Everything else is the same as in Embodiment 9.

[0064] Table 7 Application method of drought-resistant agent in Example 11

[0065] Example 11 This embodiment provides a drought-resistant method for a macadamia nut intercropping system based on AMF inoculant. The difference from Embodiment 9 is that the specific spraying method for the drought-resistant agent is shown in Table 8, and the total spraying amount of proline, mannitol, and abscisic acid is 90 L / acre / time. Everything else is the same as in Embodiment 9.

[0066] Table 8 Application method of drought-resistant agent in Example 11

[0067] Comparative Example 3 This embodiment provides a drought-resistant method for a macadamia nut vertical farming system based on AMF inoculant, which differs from Embodiment 9 in that the drought-resistant agent is water. Everything else is the same as in Embodiment 9.

[0068] Results Analysis Examples 9-11 and Comparative Example 3 were sprayed with a drought-resistant agent once under drought stress with a soil relative humidity of 35%-40% during the dry season. The relative water content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and photosynthetic rate of macadamia nut leaves were then measured. Proline concentration was determined using the acidic ninhydrin method, mannitol concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), abscisic acid concentration using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), MDA content using the thiobarbituric acid method, relative water content using the gravimetric method, and photosynthetic rate using a LI-6400XT portable photosynthesis measurement system manufactured by LI-COR Corporation. The results are shown in Table 9.

[0069] Table 9 Effects of different drought-resistant agents on macadamia leaf leaves

[0070] As can be seen from Table 9: (1) Relative water content: After spraying the drought-resistant agent of Example 11, the relative water content of macadamia leaves was the highest, at 79.6 wt%, indicating that the combination of drought-resistant agents can effectively maintain cell water and reduce drought stress damage. (2) Malondialdehyde content: Malondialdehyde is a product of membrane lipid peroxidation. The lower its content, the less damage to the cell membrane. In Example 11, the macadamia leaf had the lowest maondialdehyde content, which was 16.3 μmol / g·FW, indicating that the drought-resistant agent in this combination can effectively protect the cell membrane structure. (3) Photosynthetic rate: The macadamia leaf in Example 11 had the highest photosynthetic rate of 13.4 μmol / m²·s, indicating that it can maintain a high photosynthetic efficiency under drought conditions, providing a material basis for plant growth.

[0071] In conclusion, when the proportion of *Gloydium moss* and *Arbuscular mycorrhizal* in the AMF inoculant is 70 wt%, the macadamia nut intercropping system adopts a "macadamia nut + Dendrobium" planting mode, and the concentrations of proline, mannitol, and abscisic acid in the drought-resistant agents are 0.2 mol / L, the macadamia nut intercropping system based on AMF inoculant and its drought-resistant methods can significantly improve the survival rate and yield of macadamia nuts under drought conditions.

[0072] Application Example 1 This application example demonstrates the application of an AMF-based macadamia nut vertical farming system and its drought-resistant methods in a tropical monsoon climate region, specifically including: A three-dimensional macadamia planting system based on AMF inoculant and its drought resistance method were applied to macadamia cultivation in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. The AMF inoculant contained 70 wt% of *Gloydius mosierifolia* and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The three-dimensional macadamia planting system adopted a planting pattern of "macadamia + Dendrobium". The drought resistance agent contained 0.2 mol / L of proline, 0.075 mol / L of mannitol, and 0.02 mg / L of abscisic acid.

[0073] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides an application of an AMF-based macadamia nut cultivation system and its drought-resistant method in a tropical monsoon climate region. The difference from Application Example 1 is the use of a monoculture macadamia nut cultivation model. Otherwise, it is the same as Application Example 1.

[0074] Application Example 2 This application example demonstrates the application of an AMF-based macadamia nut vertical farming system and its drought-resistant methods in a subtropical low-latitude mountain monsoon climate region, specifically including: A three-dimensional macadamia planting system based on AMF inoculant and its drought resistance method were applied to macadamia planting in Lincang, Yunnan Province. The AMF inoculant contained 70 wt% Moses Gloydius and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae. The three-dimensional macadamia planting system adopted the planting mode of "macadamia + Panax notoginseng". The drought resistance agent contained 0.2 mol / L proline, 0.075 mol / L mannitol and 0.02 mg / L abscisic acid.

[0075] Comparative Example 5 This comparative example provides an application of an AMF-based macadamia nut cultivation system and its drought-resistant method in a subtropical low-latitude mountain monsoon climate region. The difference from Application Example 2 is the use of a monoculture macadamia nut cultivation model. Otherwise, it is the same as Application Example 1.

[0076] Results Analysis The cultivation indicators for macadamia nuts in Application Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 are shown in Table 10.

[0077] Table 10. Macadamia Cultivation Indicators in Xishuangbanna (Application Example 1 and Comparative Example 4)

[0078] The planting indicators for macadamia nuts in Application Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 are shown in Table 11.

[0079] Table 11. Macadamia planting indicators in Lincang based on Application Example 2 and Comparative Example 5

[0080] Results Analysis As shown in Tables 10 and 11, the AMF-based macadamia nut vertical cultivation system and its drought-resistant methods, applied in both tropical monsoon climates and subtropical low-latitude mountain monsoon climates, can improve the survival rate and yield of macadamia nuts. Specifically, the survival rate and yield of macadamia nuts grown in tropical monsoon climates are higher than those in subtropical low-latitude mountain monsoon climates. Furthermore, the adoption of the AMF-based macadamia nut vertical cultivation system and its drought-resistant methods of this invention results in a greater increase in the survival rate and yield of macadamia nuts in subtropical low-latitude mountain monsoon climates.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An AMF bacterial agent, characterized in that: It includes the core bacterial strain and the carrier matrix.

2. The AMF bacterial agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core microbial species include *Gyrodactylus mosierifolium*, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The carrier substrate includes humus and biochar. The mass ratio of the core microbial species to the carrier substrate is 1:10~20. Among the core fungal species, *Gymnospermum moses* and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are the main fungal groups, accounting for 60-80 wt%, while phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are the auxiliary fungal groups, accounting for 20-40 wt%. The mass ratio of *Gymnospermum moses* to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the main fungal group is 1-2:1, and the mass ratio of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the auxiliary fungal group is 2-3:

2. The mass ratio of humus to biochar in the carrier matrix is ​​2-4:

1.

3. The application of the AMF inoculant according to any one of claims 1 to 2 in macadamia nut cultivation.

4. The application according to claim 3, characterized in that: In macadamia nut cultivation, AMF inoculant can be applied by planting holes at the time of transplanting and by drip irrigation during the growing season.

5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that: The application of AMF at the time of planting includes the following steps: Before planting, dig a planting hole, evenly spread the AMF agent in the planting hole, cover it with soil and plant the macadamia nut plant. The amount of AMF agent used for macadamia nuts is 10~20g / plant. The drip irrigation application during the growing season includes the following steps: dilute the AMF inoculant 50 to 200 times and apply it during the six growing seasons of macadamia plants: flower bud differentiation, flowering, young fruit, fruit enlargement, and fruit oil accumulation. Apply the inoculant 2 to 21 times during each growing season, with an application rate of 400 to 1000 g / acre / application during each growing season.

6. A three-dimensional macadamia nut cultivation system based on AMF inoculant, characterized in that: A planting pattern in which shade-tolerant herbaceous medicinal plants are planted around macadamia nut plants is adopted, wherein the macadamia nuts are planted using the AMF inoculant application method described in any one of claims 4 to 5, and the shade-tolerant herbaceous medicinal plants are selected from Dendrobium and Panax notoginseng. The planting density for macadamia nuts is 20-25 plants per acre, while the planting density for shade-tolerant herbaceous medicinal plants is 3000-4000 plants per acre.

7. A drought-resistant method for a macadamia nut integrated planting system based on AMF inoculant, characterized in that: This includes soil improvement, precision irrigation, and foliar spraying of drought-resistant agents for the macadamia nut three-dimensional planting system based on AMF microbial agent as described in claim 6.

8. The drought-resistant method for the macadamia nut intercropping system based on AMF inoculant according to claim 7, characterized in that: Soil improvement includes deep tilling, application of organic fertilizer, and addition of water-retaining agent. The depth of deep tilling is 30-50cm. The organic fertilizer is either well-rotted cow manure or chicken manure, and the application rate of organic fertilizer is 2000-3000 kg / mu. The water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide, and the addition rate of water-retaining agent is 1-2 kg / mu. The method of adding water-retaining agent is to first spread the water-retaining agent evenly on the soil surface, and then till it into the soil. Precision irrigation uses drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation to maintain the soil relative humidity at 60-70%. The soil relative humidity is measured by a soil humidity sensor, and the water requirement pattern of macadamia nuts is determined based on the soil relative humidity to carry out precision irrigation.

9. The drought-resistant method for the macadamia nut three-dimensional planting system based on AMF inoculant according to claim 7, characterized in that: Foliar spraying of drought-resistant agents should be done every 5 to 10 days during dry seasons when the relative soil humidity is below 50%. The drought-resistant agents include proline, mannitol, and abscisic acid. The concentration of proline is 0.1 to 0.3 mol / L, the concentration of mannitol is 0.05 to 0.1 mol / L, and the concentration of abscisic acid is 0.01 to 0.03 mg / L. The total amount of proline, mannitol, and abscisic acid sprayed is 80 to 100 L / mu / time.

10. The application of the drought-resistant method of the macadamia nut three-dimensional planting system based on AMF inoculant as described in any one of claims 7 to 9.

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