Primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted circuit breaker state monitoring system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted circuit breaker state monitoring system and method, and relates to the technical field of power system automation. The system comprises a native signal acquisition module which is used for multiplexing an inherent electrical loop of a circuit breaker and acquiring a current signal of an opening and closing coil and a capacitive reactance change signal of a parasitic capacitor between a high-voltage electrode and a grounding end; and the edge analysis module is used for processing the signal acquired by the original signal acquisition module, including generating a mechanical health degree through feature extraction and state mapping, calculating an insulation aging index based on capacitive reactance change, and dynamically correcting a monitoring reference in combination with a digital twin model and a filtering algorithm. Non-auxiliary element monitoring is realized by multiplexing the inherent electrical loop of the circuit breaker, so that the service life of the monitoring system and the service life of primary equipment are completely synchronous, and elements do not need to be replaced in the whole life cycle; errors introduced by additional sensors are avoided by using the original electrical signals, and the mechanical fault recognition and insulation state evaluation precision is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system automation technology, specifically to a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In power distribution networks, pole-mounted circuit breakers are key equipment for ensuring power supply reliability, and real-time monitoring of their operating status is of great significance for the safe and stable operation of the power grid. With the intelligent development of power systems, primary and secondary integration technology has gradually become an important development direction for pole-mounted circuit breakers. By integrating primary equipment (the circuit breaker body) with secondary monitoring and control functions, the aim is to improve the integration, reliability, and operation and maintenance efficiency of the equipment to meet the monitoring needs of complex power distribution environments.

[0003] Currently, mainstream primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring systems generally rely on additional sensors (such as temperature sensors and vibration sensors) to achieve condition sensing. These sensors, as secondary monitoring elements, are used to collect parameters reflecting the mechanical and insulation status of the circuit breaker. However, the lifespan of these additional sensors differs significantly from that of the primary equipment itself, leading to frequent sensor replacements throughout the primary equipment's lifecycle. This not only increases maintenance costs and downtime but may also damage the insulation structure of the primary equipment during sensor installation and replacement, affecting the overall operational reliability of the equipment. This has become a prominent problem restricting the long-term stable application of primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breakers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring system and method to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring system, comprising: The native signal acquisition module is used to reuse the inherent electrical circuit of the circuit breaker to acquire the current signal of the opening and closing coils and the capacitive reactance change signal of the parasitic capacitance between the high voltage electrode and the grounding terminal. The current signal of the opening and closing coils provides raw data for mechanical condition analysis, and the capacitive reactance change signal provides input data for insulation condition assessment. The edge analysis module is used to process the signals acquired by the native signal acquisition module, including generating mechanical health through feature extraction and state mapping, calculating the insulation aging index based on capacitive reactance changes, and dynamically correcting the monitoring benchmark by combining a digital twin model and a filtering algorithm. The master station communication module is used to encapsulate the mechanical health, insulation aging index and fault warning signals output by the edge parsing module into standardized logic nodes using the IEC 61850-8-1 protocol, so as to realize communication with the power distribution master station.

[0006] Preferably, the native signal acquisition module includes: The current acquisition unit for the opening and closing coils is used to acquire current signals through the shunt of the original control circuit of the circuit breaker. The current signals cover the waveform characteristics of the closing and opening stages. The parasitic capacitance signal acquisition unit is used to multiplex the voltage sampling circuit and extract the capacitive reactance change rate of the parasitic capacitance between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding terminal.

[0007] Preferably, the sampling rate of the opening and closing coil current acquisition unit is 10kHz, and the parasitic capacitance range extracted by the parasitic capacitance signal acquisition unit is 50-200pF.

[0008] Preferably, the edge resolution module includes: The mechanical state decoding unit is used to perform noise reduction, mode decomposition, feature extraction and state mapping on the opening and closing coil current signal, output the mechanical health status and perform state judgment. The insulation condition inversion unit is used to calculate the insulation aging index based on the capacitive reactance change rate and environmental parameters, and to perform insulation condition judgment. The self-calibration unit is used to generate a dynamic benchmark based on samples in good mechanical condition, predict the benchmark drift by combining environmental data, correct the benchmark parameters through a filtering algorithm, and perform cross-validation for abnormal mechanical conditions.

[0009] Preferably, the mechanical state decoding unit includes: The waveform processing subunit is used to denoise the current signal, obtain multiple intrinsic mode functions through empirical mode decomposition, and select the intrinsic mode functions of a specific frequency band as the characteristic frequency band of mechanical action. The feature extraction subunit is used to extract feature vectors from the feature frequency band, including peak value, delay time, ripple coefficient, and falling edge slope. The state output subunit is used to input the feature vector into the trained long short-term memory network model, output the mechanical health score, and determine whether the mechanical health score meets a preset threshold, wherein the preset threshold is 80.

[0010] Preferably, the insulation state inversion unit includes: The index calculation subunit is used to calculate the insulation aging index using the following formula: I=(ΔC / C0)×[1+k×(RH-60%)] / (1+0.02×(T-25℃)) Where I is the insulation aging index, ΔC / C0 is the capacitive reactance change rate, k is the humidity sensitivity coefficient, RH is the ambient relative humidity (%), and T is the ambient temperature (°C). The insulation judgment subunit is used to determine whether the insulation aging index I is less than 4%. If it is less than 4%, the insulation condition is determined to be normal. If it is not less than 4%, an insulation warning is triggered.

[0011] Preferably, the self-calibration unit includes: The reference generation subunit is used to select the average value of the current waveform from the samples with good mechanical condition as a temporary reference after each preset number of opening and closing operations. The preset number of operations is 100. The drift prediction subunit is used to combine normal insulation state data and predict the reference drift amount under different operating conditions through a digital twin model. The fusion correction subunit is used to fuse measured mechanical features and predicted drift using the Kalman filter algorithm to update the baseline parameters. The cross-validation subunit is used to call real-time capacitive reactance data for verification when the mechanical state is determined to be abnormal. If the capacitive reactance fluctuation is less than or equal to 1% within a preset time after the circuit breaker is tripped, it returns to recalibrate. If it is greater than or equal to 3%, the fault is confirmed. The preset time is 1 second.

[0012] This invention also provides a method for monitoring the condition of a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker, comprising: The inherent electrical circuit of the circuit breaker is reused to collect the current signal of the opening and closing coils and the capacitive reactance change signal of the parasitic capacitance between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding terminal. The current signal of the opening and closing coils provides raw data for mechanical condition analysis, and the capacitive reactance change signal provides input data for insulation condition assessment. The acquired signals are processed, including generating mechanical health through feature extraction and state mapping, calculating insulation aging index based on capacitive reactance changes, and dynamically correcting the monitoring benchmark by combining digital twin models and filtering algorithms. Using the IEC 61850-8-1 protocol, the output mechanical health, insulation aging index and fault warning signals are encapsulated into standardized logic nodes to achieve communication with the power distribution master station.

[0013] The present invention also provides an electronic device, which is a physical device, comprising: The processor and the memory are communicatively connected. The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction executed by the processor, which executes the executable instruction to implement the primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted circuit breaker status monitoring method as described above.

[0014] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for monitoring the status of a primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted circuit breaker.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: By reusing the inherent electrical circuits of circuit breakers, monitoring without auxiliary components is achieved, making the monitoring system completely synchronized with the lifespan of the primary equipment, eliminating the need for component replacement throughout its entire lifecycle. Utilizing native electrical signals avoids errors introduced by additional sensors, significantly improving the accuracy of mechanical fault identification and insulation status assessment. Hardware and maintenance costs are greatly reduced. There is no additional wiring or insulation damage, reducing the risk of partial discharge and adapting to various harsh environments. Based on the IEC 61850 protocol, it achieves seamless integration with existing power distribution systems, possessing broad application value and effectively solving the industry pain point of mismatch between sensor and primary equipment lifespan. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a main flowchart of a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The method in this embodiment is executed by a terminal, which can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, PDA, laptop or desktop computer, etc. Of course, it can also be other devices with similar functions, and this embodiment does not limit them.

[0019] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring system and method, the method being applied to, including: The native signal acquisition module 11 is used to reuse the inherent electrical circuit of the circuit breaker to acquire the current signal of the opening and closing coils and the capacitive reactance change signal of the parasitic capacitance between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding terminal. The current signal of the opening and closing coils provides raw data for mechanical condition analysis, and the capacitive reactance change signal provides input data for insulation condition assessment.

[0020] The native signal acquisition module 11 refers to a functional module that acquires signals by reusing the inherent electrical circuits of the circuit breaker itself. Its core design principle is to avoid introducing additional sensing elements, thereby solving the problem of mismatch between the lifespan of sensors and primary equipment in traditional monitoring systems. "Reusing the inherent electrical circuits of the circuit breaker" means utilizing the existing circuit structure of the circuit breaker, such as the original control circuit and voltage sampling circuit, without adding additional wiring or physical interfaces. "Closing / opening coil current signal" refers to the current change waveform generated in the internal drive coil when the circuit breaker performs opening or closing operations. This waveform contains characteristic information of mechanical actions such as core movement and contact contact. "Parasitic capacitance between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding terminal" refers to the capacitance naturally formed on both sides of the circuit breaker's insulating shell (high-voltage side and grounding side) due to the electric field distribution. Changes in its capacitive reactance can reflect the aging degree of the insulating medium. The main purpose of this module is to acquire native electrical signals that characterize the mechanical and insulation states of the circuit breaker, providing basic data for subsequent state analysis. Simultaneously, by reusing the inherent circuits, it ensures that the acquisition system's lifespan is synchronized with that of the primary equipment (≥20 years) and reduces the risk of insulation failure. Additionally, it should be noted that, in one possible implementation, the current acquisition of the opening and closing coils can be achieved through a shunt in the original control circuit of the circuit breaker. A shunt is a standard resistive element used to measure current, and its output voltage is proportional to the current flowing through it. By acquiring this voltage signal, the current of the opening and closing coils can be reconstructed. In another possible implementation, the parasitic capacitance signal acquisition can reuse the secondary circuit of the voltage transformer. By injecting a weak AC detection signal (such as 50Hz, amplitude ≤0.5V), the capacitive reactance value can be calculated using the change in circuit impedance, thus avoiding interference to the main circuit.

[0021] The edge analysis module 12 is used to process the signals acquired by the native signal acquisition module 11, including generating mechanical health through feature extraction and state mapping, calculating the insulation aging index based on capacitive reactance changes, and dynamically correcting the monitoring benchmark by combining a digital twin model and a filtering algorithm.

[0022] The edge analysis module 12 refers to a computing module deployed locally on the circuit breaker. Its core function is to process and analyze the signals acquired by the native signal acquisition module 11 in real time. Specifically, "mechanical state decoding" refers to inverting the operating state of internal mechanical components (such as the core, springs, and dampers) of the circuit breaker through characteristic analysis of the current waveforms of the opening and closing coils; "insulation state inversion" refers to calculating the degree of insulation aging based on changes in the capacitive reactance of parasitic capacitance and environmental parameters; "digital twin model" refers to simulating the equipment state under different operating conditions by constructing a virtual digital copy of the circuit breaker to predict reference drift; and "Kalman filtering algorithm" refers to a data fusion algorithm that reduces noise interference and improves data accuracy by combining measured data with a prediction model. The purpose of this module is to complete signal processing and status assessment locally, reducing reliance on cloud computing power, improving response speed, and ensuring monitoring accuracy during long-term operation by dynamically correcting the monitoring reference. Additionally, it should be noted that, in one possible implementation, mechanical state decoding can employ a combination algorithm of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. EMD is used to decompose the current waveform into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) of different frequencies, while LSTM is used to learn the mapping relationship between features and mechanical states. In another possible implementation, insulation state inversion can be achieved through an environmental parameter correction formula, which introduces temperature and humidity correction coefficients to eliminate the influence of environmental factors on capacitive reactance measurement.

[0023] The master station communication module 13 is used to encapsulate the mechanical health, insulation aging index and fault warning signals output by the edge parsing module 12 into standardized logic nodes using the IEC 61850-8-1 protocol, so as to realize communication with the power distribution master station.

[0024] The master station communication module 13 is a functional module that enables data interaction between the circuit breaker and the distribution master station. Its core function is to standardize the status information output by the edge parsing module 12, ensuring compatible communication with the power system master station. The "IEC 61850-8-1 protocol" refers to the power system automation communication standard developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). This standard defines data models, communication services, and message formats, supporting interoperability between devices. "Standardized logical nodes" refer to information units defined according to the IEC 61850 standard, such as "COMB (closed state)" and "TRIP (open state)," each node containing specific status variables and operation commands. The "distribution master station" refers to the distribution network dispatch and monitoring center, responsible for centrally managing the operating status of distribution equipment. The purpose of this module is to achieve standardized transmission of monitoring data, ensuring seamless integration between equipment from different manufacturers and the master station system, providing data support for distribution network dispatch and maintenance. Additionally, it should be noted that in one possible implementation, the communication interface can be fiber optic Ethernet, supporting a transmission rate of 100Mbps, suitable for scenarios with high requirements for communication reliability; in another possible implementation, wireless communication (such as 4G / 5G) can be used, suitable for remote areas where fiber optic laying is difficult, and data transmission security can be ensured through encryption algorithms.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, the native signal acquisition module 11 includes: The current acquisition unit for the opening and closing coils is used to acquire current signals through the shunt of the original control circuit of the circuit breaker. The current signals cover the waveform characteristics of the closing and opening stages. The parasitic capacitance signal acquisition unit is used to multiplex the voltage sampling circuit and extract the capacitive reactance change rate of the parasitic capacitance between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding terminal.

[0026] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the native signal acquisition module 11 is the foundation for the system to acquire monitoring data. Its core idea is to reuse the inherent electrical circuit of the circuit breaker, avoiding the introduction of additional sensing elements, thereby solving the lifespan matching problem. Among them, the opening and closing coil current acquisition unit refers to the functional module that acquires the current signal through the shunt (a device that can convert a large current into a small voltage signal) used for current measurement in the original control circuit of the circuit breaker. The closing stage refers to the process of the circuit breaker changing from the open state to the closed state (usually lasting 0-200ms), and the opening stage refers to the process of changing from the closed state to the open state (usually lasting 0-150ms). The current waveforms in these two stages contain the key characteristics of the operating mechanism's movement. The parasitic capacitance signal acquisition unit refers to the functional module that extracts the capacitive reactance change rate (the proportion of capacitive reactance changing over time) of the parasitic capacitance (a capacitance naturally generated by the structural layout) formed between the high-voltage electrode (the conductive part in the circuit breaker connected to the high-voltage line) and the grounding terminal (the part connected to the ground) due to the presence of the insulating medium by reusing the original voltage sampling circuit of the circuit breaker (the circuit used to measure the grid voltage). The purpose of this module is to directly acquire status signals from the inherent structure of the equipment, which can ensure the real-time monitoring and synchronize the lifespan of the acquisition module with that of the primary equipment, thereby reducing operation and maintenance costs. In one possible implementation, the current acquisition unit for the opening and closing coils can use a high-precision Hall sensor to replace the traditional shunt to improve the anti-interference capability of the current signal; the parasitic capacitance signal acquisition unit can achieve high-frequency acquisition of the capacitive reactance change rate (such as 1kHz sampling frequency) by connecting a high-precision capacitance measurement chip in series in the voltage sampling circuit. For example, in one feasible implementation, for a 10kV ZW32 pole-mounted circuit breaker, the opening and closing coil current acquisition module is connected to the 0.5-level shunt in the control circuit, with an acquisition range of ±20A. It records the current waveform within 0-200ms during the closing phase in real time, where the current peak value from 0-50ms reflects the core start-up state. The parasitic capacitance signal acquisition module reuses the secondary circuit of the voltage transformer and extracts the capacitive reactance change rate of the 80pF parasitic capacitance formed by the epoxy insulation shell through a dedicated capacitance measurement circuit, providing raw data for subsequent insulation status assessment.

[0027] The sampling rate of the opening and closing coil current acquisition unit is 10kHz, and the parasitic capacitance range extracted by the parasitic capacitance signal acquisition unit is 50-200pF.

[0028] It should be noted that the limitations on the sampling rate and parasitic capacitance range of the opening and closing coil current acquisition unit are to ensure the integrity and effectiveness of the acquired signal. The 10kHz sampling rate refers to acquiring 10,000 current data points per second. This frequency can fully capture the millisecond-level current change characteristics during the opening and closing phases (such as the current peak delay caused by core movement), avoiding feature loss due to insufficient sampling. The parasitic capacitance range of 50-200pF refers to the capacitance naturally formed between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding terminal, which is between 50 and 200 picofarads. This range covers the typical parasitic capacitance values ​​of the insulation structure (epoxy resin, silicone rubber, etc.) of mainstream pole-mounted circuit breakers (such as ZW32 and ZW20 types). This limitation aims to ensure that the acquisition module can be adapted to different types of circuit breakers while guaranteeing the measurement accuracy of the capacitive reactance change rate, providing reliable input for insulation condition assessment. In one possible implementation, for circuit breakers with high voltage levels (such as 35kV), the parasitic capacitance range can be extended to 100-300pF to accommodate their more complex insulation structures; the sampling rate can be increased to 20kHz as needed to capture faster current transients. For example, in one feasible implementation, the 12kV pole-mounted circuit breaker uses a silicone rubber insulated shell with a parasitic capacitance of 120pF, which is in the range of 50-200pF; the opening and closing coil current acquisition unit records the closing process at a sampling rate of 10kHz, successfully capturing the current peak (13.2A) at 50ms and the current ripple at 80-150ms, providing complete data for mechanical state decoding.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, the edge resolution module 12 includes: The mechanical state decoding unit is used to perform noise reduction, mode decomposition, feature extraction and state mapping on the opening and closing coil current signal, output the mechanical health status and perform state judgment. The insulation condition inversion unit is used to calculate the insulation aging index based on the capacitive reactance change rate and environmental parameters, and to perform insulation condition judgment. The self-calibration unit is used to generate a dynamic benchmark based on samples in good mechanical condition, predict the benchmark drift by combining environmental data, correct the benchmark parameters through a filtering algorithm, and perform cross-validation for abnormal mechanical conditions.

[0030] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the edge analysis module 12 is the core processing module of the system, responsible for converting the raw signal into identifiable state information. Its design concept is to achieve high-precision state monitoring by combining multi-dimensional analysis with dynamic calibration. Specifically, the mechanical state decoding unit processes the current signal to assess the operating state of the circuit breaker's mechanical components (such as the core, springs, and dampers). It outputs mechanical health (a quantitative index of 0-100) through feature extraction and model analysis, and determines whether the state is normal. The insulation state inversion unit calculates the degree of insulation aging through the capacitive reactance change rate. It combines environmental parameters to correct the measurement results and outputs an insulation aging index. The self-calibration unit ensures long-term monitoring accuracy through dynamic updating of reference parameters and cross-validation. These three sub-modules work together to identify mechanical and insulation faults in real time and to offset errors caused by environmental interference and equipment aging through self-calibration, achieving reliable monitoring throughout the entire lifecycle. In one possible implementation, the edge resolution module 12 can use an FPGA chip to implement parallel processing, simultaneously running mechanical state decoding and insulation state inversion algorithms, keeping the processing delay within 100ms; the self-calibration unit can introduce reinforcement learning algorithms to dynamically adjust the benchmark update frequency based on historical data (such as shortening the update cycle during high summer temperatures). For example, in one feasible implementation, the edge resolution module 12 is deployed on the local smart terminal of the circuit breaker, the mechanical state decoding unit processes the 10kHz current signal and outputs a mechanical health of 85; the insulation state inversion unit calculates the insulation aging index of 2.3%; the self-calibration unit generates a benchmark based on three consecutive normal data and corrects the drift caused by temperature through a digital twin model, and finally controls the mechanical health error within ±2%.

[0031] The mechanical state decoding unit includes: The waveform processing subunit is used to denoise the current signal, obtain multiple intrinsic mode functions through empirical mode decomposition, and select the intrinsic mode functions of a specific frequency band as the characteristic frequency band of mechanical action. The feature extraction subunit is used to extract feature vectors from the feature frequency band, including peak value, delay time, ripple coefficient, and falling edge slope. The state output subunit is used to input the feature vector into the trained long short-term memory network model, output the mechanical health score, and determine whether the mechanical health score meets a preset threshold, wherein the preset threshold is 80.

[0032] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the sub-units of the mechanical state decoding unit have a clear division of labor, forming a complete link from signal processing to state output. Its core purpose is to accurately extract mechanical state features from the current waveform. The module comprises several sub-units: Waveform Processing (WMP) – preprocesses the raw current signal; Denoising – eliminates grid interference and measurement noise (e.g., using wavelet thresholding); Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) – decomposes complex signals into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) (single-frequency components reflecting local signal characteristics); IMFs for specific frequency bands – reflect mechanical actions (e.g., IMF3-IMF5 corresponding to 100-500Hz mechanical vibration); Feature Extraction (MED) – extracts key parameters from characteristic frequency bands; Peak value – the maximum value of the current waveform; Delay time – the difference between the peak occurrence and the operation command issuance; Ripple coefficient – ​​the ratio of current fluctuation amplitude to average value; Falling edge slope – the rate of change during the current decline phase; and State Output (SED) – calculates and determines the state using a model. The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network model is a deep learning model capable of processing time-series data (trained with 3000 lifetime test data). The preset threshold of 80 is the critical value for distinguishing between normal and abnormal mechanical states (≥80 indicates normal). This module achieves quantitative assessment and accurate judgment of mechanical state through multi-step processing. In one possible implementation, the feature extraction subunit can add feature parameters such as "closing time" and "opening speed" to improve the model's ability to identify complex faults; the status output subunit can use multiple threshold judgments (such as ≥90 for excellent, 80-89 for good, and <80 for abnormal) to achieve more refined status division. For example, in one feasible implementation, after the waveform processing subunit denoises the closing current signal, it obtains 8 intrinsic mode functions through empirical mode decomposition and selects IMF3-IMF5 (corresponding to 150-400Hz) as the characteristic frequency band; the feature extraction subunit extracts the peak value of 14.5A, the delay time of 6ms, the ripple coefficient of 2.1%, and the falling edge slope of 0.25A / ms; the status output subunit inputs these features into the long short-term memory network model and outputs a mechanical health score of 88 (≥80), indicating that the mechanical condition is good.

[0033] The insulation state inversion unit includes: The index calculation subunit is used to calculate the insulation aging index using the following formula: I=(ΔC / C0)×[1+k×(RH-60%)] / (1+0.02×(T-25℃)) Where I is the insulation aging index, ΔC / C0 is the capacitive reactance change rate, k is the humidity sensitivity coefficient, RH is the ambient relative humidity (%), and T is the ambient temperature (°C). The insulation judgment subunit is used to determine whether the insulation aging index I is less than 4%. If it is less than 4%, the insulation condition is determined to be normal. If it is not less than 4%, an insulation warning is triggered.

[0034] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the insulation condition inversion unit achieves accurate assessment of insulation aging through quantitative calculation and threshold judgment. Its core idea is to combine environmental parameters to correct the capacitive reactance change rate and eliminate external interference. Specifically, the index calculation subunit is a functional unit used to calculate the insulation aging index. In the formula, I represents the insulation aging index (an indicator that quantifies the degree of insulation aging), ΔC / C0 refers to the capacitive reactance change rate of parasitic capacitance (the ratio of the difference between the current and initial capacitive reactance), k refers to the humidity sensitivity coefficient (reflecting the sensitivity of the insulating medium to humidity; epoxy resin k=0.015, silicone rubber k=0.012), RH refers to the relative humidity (the ratio of water vapor content in the air to saturated water vapor content, in %), and T refers to the ambient temperature (the temperature of the circuit breaker's operating environment, in °C). The insulation judgment subunit is a unit that judges the insulation condition based on the insulation aging index. The threshold of 4% refers to the critical value at which insulation begins to age (a warning is triggered when ≥4%). The purpose of this module is to improve the accuracy of insulation condition assessment through scientific formula correction and clear threshold judgment.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the index calculation subunit can introduce an altitude correction coefficient (such as adding an air pressure correction term in high-altitude areas) to adapt to different geographical environments; the insulation judgment subunit can dynamically adjust the threshold according to the years of operation (such as adjusting the threshold to 5% after 10 years of operation) to adapt to the aging pattern of equipment. For example, in one feasible implementation, the circuit breaker with an epoxy-insulated casing has a measured value of ΔC / C0 = 3% at an ambient temperature of 30°C and a relative humidity of 70%. Substituting this into the formula, the exponent calculation subunit yields: I = 3% × [1 + 0.015 × (70 - 60%)] / [1 + 0.02 × (30 - 25℃)] = 3% × 1.15 / 1.1 ≈ 3.14% (< 4%); The insulation judgment subunit determines that the insulation status is normal and no warning is required.

[0036] The self-calibration unit includes: The reference generation subunit is used to select the average value of the current waveform from the samples with good mechanical condition as a temporary reference after each preset number of opening and closing operations. The preset number of operations is 100. The drift prediction subunit is used to combine normal insulation state data and predict the reference drift amount under different operating conditions through a digital twin model. The fusion correction subunit is used to fuse measured mechanical features and predicted drift using the Kalman filter algorithm to update the baseline parameters. The cross-validation subunit is used to call real-time capacitive reactance data for verification when the mechanical state is determined to be abnormal. If the capacitive reactance fluctuation is less than or equal to 1% within a preset time after the circuit breaker is tripped, it returns to recalibrate. If it is greater than or equal to 3%, the fault is confirmed. The preset time is 1 second.

[0037] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the self-calibration unit ensures the long-term monitoring accuracy of the system through dynamic benchmark management and cross-validation. Its core design utilizes normal data to optimize the model and avoids misjudgments through multi-dimensional verification. Specifically, the benchmark generation subunit generates monitoring benchmarks; the preset number of 100 operations means updating the benchmark every 100 opening and closing operations (balancing benchmark timeliness and computational load); samples with good mechanical condition refer to operational data with a mechanical health level ≥80%; the drift prediction subunit predicts benchmark changes with the environment; the digital twin model is a virtual model that simulates the circuit breaker's operating state (inputting environmental parameters outputs expected benchmark values); the fusion correction subunit corrects benchmark parameters; the Kalman filter algorithm is an algorithm that fuses measured and predicted data to eliminate errors; and the cross-validation subunit verifies abnormal states. The preset time of 1 second refers to the capacitive reactance fluctuation within 1 second after opening (reflecting the impact of the opening action on insulation), with fluctuation thresholds of 1% and 3% used to determine false alarms and confirmed faults, respectively. The purpose of this module is to enable the system to be adaptive and maintain monitoring accuracy throughout the entire equipment lifecycle. In addition, it should be noted that the sub-units of the self-calibration unit form a closed loop: benchmark generation provides an initial reference, drift prediction adapts to environmental changes, fusion correction eliminates accumulated errors, and cross-validation ensures reliable fault diagnosis. The four work together to achieve a complete "monitoring-calibration-verification" link. In one possible implementation, the benchmark generation subunit can use a weighted average method (with higher weight for recent data) to generate a temporary benchmark, thereby improving the adaptability to gradual changes in the equipment's state; the cross-validation subunit can add vibration signals (if present) as a third verification dimension to further reduce the false positive rate. For example, in one feasible implementation, the reference generation subunit selects the average current waveform from the 98th to 100th closing cycles (mechanical health levels 89, 91, and 88) as the reference after the 100th closing cycle; the drift prediction subunit predicts that the peak value of the reference current will increase by 0.3A at a temperature of 35°C using a digital twin model; the fusion correction subunit controls the reference error to ±0.05A after Kalman filtering; when the mechanical health level is 75 (<80) in a certain cycle, the cross-validation subunit measures that the current fluctuation resistance is 3.5% (≥3%) 1 second after the closing cycle, confirms the mechanical fault, and triggers the operation and maintenance command.

[0038] In this embodiment, monitoring without auxiliary components is achieved by reusing the inherent electrical circuit of the circuit breaker, making the monitoring system completely synchronized with the lifespan of the primary equipment, and eliminating the need to replace components throughout its entire lifecycle; the use of native electrical signals avoids errors introduced by additional sensors, significantly improving the accuracy of mechanical fault identification and insulation status assessment; hardware and maintenance costs are greatly reduced; there is no additional wiring or insulation damage, reducing the risk of partial discharge and adapting to various harsh environments; based on the IEC 61850 protocol, it achieves seamless integration with existing power distribution systems, has broad application value, and effectively solves the industry pain point of mismatch between sensor and primary equipment lifespan.

[0039] Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for monitoring the condition of a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker, comprising the following steps: Step 100: Reuse the inherent electrical circuit of the circuit breaker, and collect the current signal of the opening and closing coils and the capacitive reactance change signal of the parasitic capacitance between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding terminal. The current signal of the opening and closing coils provides raw data for mechanical condition analysis, and the capacitive reactance change signal provides input data for insulation condition assessment.

[0040] Specifically, step 100 also includes: Step 110: Obtain the current signal through the shunt of the original control circuit of the circuit breaker. The current signal covers the waveform characteristics of the closing and opening stages. Step 120: Reuse the voltage sampling circuit to extract the capacitive reactance change rate of the parasitic capacitance between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding terminal.

[0041] The sampling rate of the opening and closing coil current acquisition unit is 10kHz, and the parasitic capacitance range extracted by the parasitic capacitance signal acquisition unit is 50-200pF.

[0042] Step 200 involves processing the acquired signal, including generating mechanical health through feature extraction and state mapping, calculating the insulation aging index based on capacitive reactance changes, and dynamically correcting the monitoring benchmark by combining a digital twin model and a filtering algorithm.

[0043] Specifically, step 200 includes: Step 210: Denoise, mode decomposition, feature extraction and state mapping are performed on the opening and closing coil current signal, and the mechanical health status is output and the state judgment is performed. Step 220: Calculate the insulation aging index based on the capacitive reactance change rate and environmental parameters, and perform insulation status judgment. Step 230: Generate a dynamic benchmark based on samples in good mechanical condition, predict the benchmark drift by combining environmental data, correct the benchmark parameters by filtering algorithm, and perform cross-validation on abnormal mechanical conditions.

[0044] Step 210 further includes: Step 211: After denoising the current signal, multiple intrinsic mode functions are obtained through empirical mode decomposition, and the intrinsic mode functions of specific frequency bands are selected as the characteristic frequency bands of mechanical action. Step 212: Extract feature vectors from the characteristic frequency band, including peak value, delay time, ripple coefficient, and falling edge slope. Step 213: Input the feature vector into the trained long short-term memory network model, output the mechanical health score, and determine whether the mechanical health score meets a preset threshold, wherein the preset threshold is 80.

[0045] Step 220 includes: Step 221: Calculate the insulation aging index using the following formula: I=(ΔC / C0)×[1+k×(RH-60%)] / (1+0.02×(T-25℃)) Where I is the insulation aging index, ΔC / C0 is the capacitive reactance change rate, k is the humidity sensitivity coefficient, RH is the ambient relative humidity (%), and T is the ambient temperature (°C). Step 222: Determine whether the insulation aging index I is less than 4%. If it is less than 4%, the insulation condition is determined to be normal. If it is not less than 4%, an insulation warning is triggered.

[0046] Step 230 includes: Step 231: After each preset number of opening and closing operations, the average value of the current waveform from multiple consecutive times is selected from the samples with good mechanical condition as a temporary reference. The preset number of times is 100 times. Step 232: Combine normal insulation state data and predict the reference drift under different operating conditions using a digital twin model; Step 233: The Kalman filter algorithm is used to fuse the measured mechanical features and the predicted drift to update the baseline parameters; Step 234: When the mechanical state is determined to be abnormal, real-time capacitive reactance data is called for verification. If the capacitive reactance fluctuation within a preset time after the circuit breaker is tripped is less than or equal to 1%, the circuit breaker is returned for recalibration. If it is greater than or equal to 3%, the fault is confirmed. The preset time is 1 second.

[0047] Step 300: Using the IEC 61850-8-1 protocol, the output mechanical health, insulation aging index and fault warning signals are encapsulated into standardized logic nodes to achieve communication with the power distribution master station.

[0048] In this embodiment, monitoring without auxiliary components is achieved by reusing the inherent electrical circuit of the circuit breaker, making the monitoring system completely synchronized with the lifespan of the primary equipment, and eliminating the need to replace components throughout its entire lifecycle; the use of native electrical signals avoids errors introduced by additional sensors, significantly improving the accuracy of mechanical fault identification and insulation status assessment; hardware and maintenance costs are greatly reduced; there is no additional wiring or insulation damage, reducing the risk of partial discharge and adapting to various harsh environments; based on the IEC 61850 protocol, it achieves seamless integration with existing power distribution systems, has broad application value, and effectively solves the industry pain point of mismatch between sensor and primary equipment lifespan.

[0049] Furthermore, the intelligent analysis and cache data processing device for investment user operating habits can run the aforementioned primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker status monitoring system and method. For specific implementation details, please refer to the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0050] Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising: The processor 22 includes at least one processor 22, at least one memory 21, a communication interface 23, and a communication bus 24, wherein the processor 22 is communicatively connected to the memory 21. In this embodiment, the memory 21 can be implemented in any suitable manner, for example, the memory 21 can be a read-only memory, a hard disk drive, a solid-state drive, or a USB flash drive, etc.; the memory 21 is used to store at least one executable instruction executed by the processor; In this embodiment, the processor 22 can be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, the processor 22 can take the form of a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) that can be executed by the (micro)processor, logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers, etc.; the processor is used to execute the executable instructions to implement the primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted circuit breaker status monitoring method as described above.

[0051] Based on the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted circuit breaker status monitoring method.

[0052] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and method steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0053] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the devices, equipment, and modules described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0054] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or units may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or equipment, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0055] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0056] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0057] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program instructions, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only storage servers, random access storage servers, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0058] Furthermore, it should be noted that the combination of the various technical features in this case is not limited to the combination methods described in the claims of this case or the combination methods described in the specific embodiments. All technical features described in this case can be freely combined or combined in any way, unless they contradict each other.

[0059] It should be noted that the above examples are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is obviously not limited to the above embodiments, with many similar variations. All modifications that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the content disclosed in this invention should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0060] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring system, characterized in that, include: The native signal acquisition module is used to reuse the inherent electrical circuit of the circuit breaker to acquire the current signal of the opening and closing coils and the capacitive reactance change signal of the parasitic capacitance between the high voltage electrode and the grounding terminal. The current signal of the opening and closing coils provides raw data for mechanical condition analysis, and the capacitive reactance change signal provides input data for insulation condition assessment. The edge analysis module is used to process the signals acquired by the native signal acquisition module, including generating mechanical health through feature extraction and state mapping, calculating the insulation aging index based on capacitive reactance changes, and dynamically correcting the monitoring benchmark by combining a digital twin model and a filtering algorithm. The master station communication module is used to encapsulate the mechanical health, insulation aging index and fault warning signals output by the edge parsing module into standardized logic nodes using the IEC 61850-8-1 protocol, so as to realize communication with the power distribution master station.

2. The primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The native signal acquisition module includes: The current acquisition unit for the opening and closing coils is used to acquire current signals through the shunt of the original control circuit of the circuit breaker. The current signals cover the waveform characteristics of the closing and opening stages. The parasitic capacitance signal acquisition unit is used to multiplex the voltage sampling circuit and extract the capacitive reactance change rate of the parasitic capacitance between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding terminal.

3. The primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sampling rate of the opening and closing coil current acquisition unit is 10kHz, and the parasitic capacitance range extracted by the parasitic capacitance signal acquisition unit is 50-200pF.

4. The primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge resolution module includes: The mechanical state decoding unit is used to perform noise reduction, mode decomposition, feature extraction and state mapping on the opening and closing coil current signal, output the mechanical health status and perform state judgment. The insulation condition inversion unit is used to calculate the insulation aging index based on the capacitive reactance change rate and environmental parameters, and to perform insulation condition judgment. The self-calibration unit is used to generate a dynamic benchmark based on samples in good mechanical condition, predict the benchmark drift by combining environmental data, correct the benchmark parameters through a filtering algorithm, and perform cross-validation for abnormal mechanical conditions.

5. The primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mechanical state decoding unit includes: The waveform processing subunit is used to denoise the current signal, obtain multiple intrinsic mode functions through empirical mode decomposition, and select the intrinsic mode functions of a specific frequency band as the characteristic frequency band of mechanical action. The feature extraction subunit is used to extract feature vectors from the feature frequency band, including peak value, delay time, ripple coefficient, and falling edge slope. The state output subunit is used to input the feature vector into the trained long short-term memory network model, output the mechanical health score, and determine whether the mechanical health score meets a preset threshold, wherein the preset threshold is 80.

6. The primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The insulation state inversion unit includes: The index calculation subunit is used to calculate the insulation aging index using the following formula: I=(ΔC / C0)×[1+k×(RH-60%)] / (1+0.02×(T-25℃)) Where I is the insulation aging index, ΔC / C0 is the capacitive reactance change rate, k is the humidity sensitivity coefficient, RH is the ambient relative humidity (%), and T is the ambient temperature (°C). The insulation judgment subunit is used to determine whether the insulation aging index I is less than 4%. If it is less than 4%, the insulation condition is determined to be normal. If it is not less than 4%, an insulation warning is triggered.

7. The primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker condition monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The self-calibration unit includes: The reference generation subunit is used to select the average value of the current waveform from the samples with good mechanical condition as a temporary reference after each preset number of opening and closing operations. The preset number of operations is 100. The drift prediction subunit is used to combine normal insulation state data and predict the reference drift amount under different operating conditions through a digital twin model. The fusion correction subunit is used to fuse measured mechanical features and predicted drift using the Kalman filter algorithm to update the baseline parameters. The cross-validation subunit is used to call real-time capacitive reactance data for verification when the mechanical state is determined to be abnormal. If the capacitive reactance fluctuation is less than or equal to 1% within a preset time after the circuit breaker is tripped, it returns to recalibrate. If it is greater than or equal to 3%, the fault is confirmed. The preset time is 1 second.

8. A method for condition monitoring of a primary and secondary integrated pole-mounted circuit breaker, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The inherent electrical circuit of the circuit breaker is reused to collect the current signal of the opening and closing coils and the capacitive reactance change signal of the parasitic capacitance between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding terminal. The current signal of the opening and closing coils provides raw data for mechanical condition analysis, and the capacitive reactance change signal provides input data for insulation condition assessment. The acquired signals are processed, including generating mechanical health through feature extraction and state mapping, calculating insulation aging index based on capacitive reactance changes, and dynamically correcting the monitoring benchmark by combining digital twin models and filtering algorithms. Using the IEC 61850-8-1 protocol, the output mechanical health, insulation aging index and fault warning signals are encapsulated into standardized logic nodes to achieve communication with the power distribution master station.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: The processor and the memory are communicatively connected. The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction executed by the processor, which executes the executable instruction to implement the primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted circuit breaker status monitoring method as described in claim 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted circuit breaker status monitoring method as described in claim 8.

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