Planting method for simultaneously improving soil health and crop yield of saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for simultaneously improving saline-alkali soil health and crop yield. The method comprises the following steps: mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and paenibacillus mucilaginosus to prepare a compound microbial agent; mixing the compound microbial agent with a chemical fertilizer to prepare a base fertilizer; in the crop sowing period, the base fertilizer is applied to the lower side of crop seeds; a microbial activator is conveyed; after the crops are mature, the leguminous crops and the cruciferous crops are subjected to multiple cropping; harvesting overground parts of the cruciferous crops as silage; crushing leguminous crops to cover the earth surface in a frost period; annual circulation is carried out in this way. Through integration of three technologies of microbial agent stress resistance, drip irrigation activation and green manure graded management, in-season improvement and high yield of moderate saline-alkali soil (the salt content gt is 0.6%) are achieved, soil available nutrients are improved, soil fertility is improved, spring wheat yield and grain quality are improved, and double improvement of soil health and crop yield is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a planting method, in particular to a planting method for improving soil health and crop yield of saline-alkali soil simultaneously. BACKGROUND

[0002] The Yellow River Irrigation Area is an important grain production belt in Northwest China, and the light and moderate saline-alkali land (salt content 0.1%-0.6%) accounts for more than 70% of the total cultivated land. Although this type of land has basic cultivation conditions, it has long been facing the problems of secondary salinization aggravation, soil structure compaction, and nutrient imbalance. Under the traditional planting mode, farmers often rely excessively on chemical fertilizers (annual average nitrogen application amount is 200 kg / ha) to maintain spring wheat yield, which leads to a sharp decline in soil microbial diversity, and the organic matter content is below 1.0 g / kg. The phenomenon of salt accumulation is getting worse year by year. More seriously, the summer bare period (July-September) after the harvest of spring wheat coincides with the high-temperature evaporation season, which accelerates the rise of the salt content in the plough layer, forming a vicious cycle of "low yield-fertilization-salinization". The existing improvement technology has significant limitations: the microbial agent mostly uses single Bacillus subtilis, which has an activity maintenance of less than 30 days in light and moderate saline-alkali environment, and lacks ion-specific regulation ability; although green manure application is advocated, the nitrogen fixation efficiency of single-planting hairy vetch is limited (about 30 kg N / ha), and the single-planting of cruciferous green manure is difficult to effectively inhibit salt due to low biomass (<2 tons / acre); although the drip irrigation technology can control salt, the conventional 5cm shallowly buried drip irrigation belt is easy to be blocked by salt crystals, and it does not form a synergy with microbial activity maintenance. SUMMARY

[0003] Therefore, the present application provides a planting method for improving soil health and crop yield of saline-alkali soil simultaneously, which precisely couples biological, physical and agronomic measures to block the soil degradation process while ensuring the yield of the current season, and realizes sustainable yield improvement.

[0004] The planting method for improving soil health and crop yield of saline-alkali soil simultaneously provided by the present application comprises the following steps: (1) Adjust the bacterial suspension of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mycoides to OD600 of 0.4-0.6 using a liquid culture medium, mix to prepare a compound microbial agent; mix the compound microbial agent with chemical fertilizer to prepare base fertilizer; (2) At the crop sowing period, apply the base fertilizer to the side and below the crop seeds; at the jointing stage and the filling stage of the crops, respectively, use a drip irrigation system to deliver a microbial activator; the microbial activator comprises 30-40 g / L trehalose and 20-30 g / L humic acid; (3) After the crops mature, the straw of the crops is crushed to ≤5 cm and returned to the field, and legume crops and cruciferous crops are replanted; the aboveground part of the cruciferous crops is harvested to make silage; the legume crops are crushed and covered on the ground surface during the frost period; and the year-round cycle is carried out in this way.

[0005] Preferably, the bacterial suspensions of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mycoides in step (1) are mixed in a volume ratio of (0.9-1.1):(0.9-1.1):(0.9-1.1).

[0006] Preferably, the chemical fertilizer in step (1) is a reduced-nitrogen fertilizer; the reduced-nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea and superphosphate; and the mass ratio of the compound microbial agent to the reduced-nitrogen fertilizer is 1:5 to 1:6.3.

[0007] Preferably, the reduced-nitrogen fertilizer is a reduced-nitrogen 20-30% fertilizer; the urea is 8-10 kg / acre, the superphosphate is 8-10 kg / acre, and the compound microbial agent is 3-4 kg / acre.

[0008] Preferably, in step (2), the microbial activator is prepared from the following components at the following concentrations: trehalose 30-40 g / L, humic acid 20-30 g / L, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4-6 g / L, and the pH value is 6.5-7.0.

[0009] Preferably, in step (2), the microbial activator 0.5 g / L-1.0 g / L is delivered by a drip irrigation system within 24 hours after irrigation at the jointing stage of the crops, for 1-2 hours; and the microbial activator 0.5 g / L-1.0 g / L is delivered by a drip irrigation system on the day of irrigation at the filling stage of the crops, for 1-2 hours.

[0010] Preferably, in step (3), the legume crops are hairy vetch, and the cruciferous crops are forage rape; the planting density ratio of the hairy vetch to the forage rape is 2.5:1-3.5:1; the seeding amount of the hairy vetch is 3-4 kg / acre; and the seeding amount of the forage rape is 0.2-0.5 kg / acre.

[0011] Preferably, the crops are wheat; and the wheat is spring wheat variety Yongliang No. 4.

[0012] Preferably, the improvement of the soil health of the saline-alkali soil is to improve one or more of the following indicators: reducing the soil sodium adsorption ratio, increasing the organic matter content, increasing the total nitrogen content, reducing the soil pH value, increasing the soil carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus enzyme activity, or increasing the soil residue carbon content.

[0013] Preferably, the increase in soil carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus enzyme activity is an increase in one or more of the following enzyme activities: beta-glucosidase, xylanase, cellobiosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, chitinase, or alkaline phosphatase. The increase in soil residual body carbon content is an increase in one or more of the following residual body carbon contents: bacterial residual body carbon, fungal residual body carbon, microbial residual body carbon, or plant residual body carbon.

[0014] For the soil degradation and yield bottleneck of light and moderate saline-alkali land (salt content 0.1%-0.6%) along the Yellow River irrigation area, the present application proposes a "microorganism, water-salt and green manure" three-in-one synergistic improvement method. Through three technical innovations of functional bacteria agent targeted activation, drip irrigation system dynamic salt control and green manure space-time resource optimization, the synchronization of soil health and spring wheat yield is realized. The specific scheme is as follows: 1. Functional modular microbial agent Composite bacterial population design: select Bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ACCC 19743, and Bacillus mucosus ACCC 10013, and shake culture each strain in TSB liquid medium at 30°C and 150 rpm for 3 days, then collect the bacterial bodies at room temperature (8,000 r / min, 5 min), and resuspend in TSB liquid medium to OD 600 0.4-0.6, and finally mixed in a volume ratio of (0.9-1.1):(0.9-1.1):(0.9-1.1) to prepare a composite microbial agent. The TSB liquid medium is prepared from tryptone (17.0 g / L), soybean peptone (3.5 g / L), sodium chloride (5.0 g / L), potassium phosphate dibasic (2.5 g / L), and glucose (2.5 g / L), with a pH value of 7.3±0.2.

[0015] Application method: mix the above prepared composite microbial agent with reduced fertilizer (nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 20%-30%) as base fertilizer, with a dosage of 3-4 kg / acre, to ensure that the rhizosphere bacterial population colonization density is ≥10 5 CFU / g.

[0016] 2. Drip irrigation water-fertilizer-microorganism integrated system The depth of the drip irrigation tape is increased to 8-12 cm (avoiding the surface salt crystallization layer), and the emitter spacing is 30 cm; 0.5 g / L of microbial activator (prepared from trehalose 30-40 g / L, humic acid 20-30 g / L, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4-6 g / L, with a pH value of 6.5-7.0) is added to the irrigation water.

[0017]

[0018] Microbial activator delivery on the 2nd-3rd day of irrigation during the jointing stage and setting the duration for 1-2 hours has the following benefits: ① The jointing stage is a period of vigorous vegetative growth, with active cell division in the stem nodes, and is sensitive to water, nutrients, and exogenous regulators. ② On the first day of irrigation, the soil is in a saturated state, with pores filled with water, and the root system is in an "adaptation period" with lower absorption efficiency. On the 2nd day of irrigation, the soil water content decreases to 70%-80% of the field water capacity (optimal range), the soil aeration improves, the root respiration increases, and the absorption capacity reaches a peak, and the activator can be uniformly distributed to the root dense area with water. ③ 1-2 hours can ensure sufficient irrigation of the root layer, and the crop can fully absorb the activator. More than 2 hours may result in the activator being fixed by the soil (such as clay adsorption) or being degraded by microorganisms.

[0019] Microbial activator delivery on the 1st-2nd day of irrigation during the grain filling stage and setting the duration for 1-2 hours has the following benefits: ① The grain filling stage is a core stage of reproductive growth and dry matter accumulation for crops, and is a sensitive period for water and nutrients. ② The grain filling stage is during the high-temperature period, with strong transpiration and fast soil water consumption. On the first day of irrigation, the root system's water absorption capacity reaches a peak within 24 hours after rehydration after drought. ③ Three hours achieve lateral diffusion, covering the root zone and continuously stimulating photosynthetic product synthesis.

[0020] 3. Temporal and spatial management of green manure Legume green manure (Meadow Vetch) and cruciferous green manure (Feed Rape) are mixed sown at a planting density ratio of 2.5:1 to 3.5:1 (sowing amount: 3-4 kg / acre of Meadow Vetch + 0.2-0.5 kg / acre of Feed Rape), taking into account: Meadow Vetch: deep root system (>1.5 m) to extract underground water, reduce water level to prevent salinization, and nitrogen fixation up to 45 kg N / ha; Feed Rape: shallow root system (<0.3 m) secretes glucosinolate enzymes to inhibit salt accumulation in the 0-30 cm layer, and biomass is increased to 2.8 tons / acre.

[0021] Staged harvesting strategy: In early October, harvest the aboveground part of Feed Rape (70% of biomass) for silage feed; during the frost period, crush Meadow Vetch to cover the ground surface, forming a 5 cm organic salt barrier layer, reducing the salt rise rate by 40% in winter.

[0022] 4. Collaborative recycling model Before spring planting the following year, use a combined soil preparation machine to till 25 cm deep, integrating green manure roots (containing 1.2%-1.8% nitrogen) and mulch into the soil.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The application realizes the synergistic breakthrough of soil health improvement, crop yield improvement and resource cycle efficiency in the light and moderate saline-alkali land management in the Yellow River irrigation area. Through the targeted regulation of saline-alkali ions by functional microbial agents, the dynamic maintenance of rhizosphere microecological activity by the drip irrigation water-fertilizer-microbe integrated system, and the physical salt inhibition and biological fertilization coupling of legume-cabbage green manure staged management, a "improvement-production-efficiency" closed loop is formed. The core effect is embodied as: 1. Soil health improvement: the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the soil in the season is reduced by more than 52%, and the annual increment of organic matter is 0.6 g / kg, breaking through the lagging bottleneck of saline-alkali land improvement.

[0024] 2. High yield and quality: spring wheat yield increases by 19% to 482 kg / acre.

[0025] The application realizes the goal of "improvement in the same year and high yield in the same season" in saline-alkali land through the integration of functional modular microbial agent design, drip irrigation water-fertilizer-microbe integrated dynamic regulation and green manure time-space staged management. The problems of low microbial survival rate, insufficient green manure soil improvement efficiency and low yield of crops in saline-alkali land in the prior art are solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] For the purpose of illustration and not limitation, the present application will now be described in accordance with the preferred embodiments of the present application, particularly with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 Comparison results of saline-alkali soil improvement and yield increase of example 1 and comparative examples.

[0027] Figure 2 Comparison results of soil pH value and wheat yield of different treatments of example 2.

[0028] Figure 3 Comparison results of soil carbon and nitrogen enzyme activity of different treatments of example 2.

[0029] Figure 4 Comparison results of soil residual carbon content of different treatments of example 2.

[0030] Figure 5 Comparison results of soil salt content of green manure stage return treatment and control. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following examples are only illustrative and explanatory of the present application, and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Any technology realized based on the above content of the present application is covered within the scope intended to be protected by the present application.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available or can be prepared by known methods.

[0033] I. Preparation before planting (early March) 1. Land preparation: combine harrow to plow 20 cm deep to break up the hardpan layer, rake to flatten and compact; open micro-ridge and furrow: ridge height 12±2 cm, ridge width 45±5 cm, furrow depth 15 cm.

[0034] 2. Base fertilizer preparation: Microbial inoculants: Bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ACCC 19743, and Paenibacillus mucilaginosus ACCC 10013 were purchased from the Agricultural Culture Collection of China (ACCC). After 3 days of shaking culture at 30°C and 150 rpm in TSB liquid medium, the bacterial cells were collected (8,000 r / min, 5 min) and resuspended in TSB liquid medium to OD 600 0.4-0.6, and finally mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare microbial inoculants for standby. TSB liquid medium was prepared with tryptone (17.0 g / L), soybean peptone (3.5 g / L), sodium chloride (5.0 g / L), potassium phosphate dibasic (2.5 g / L), and glucose (2.5 g / L), with a pH value of 7.3±0.2.

[0035] Reduced fertilizer: urea reduced by 30% (mass percentage) (from the conventional application of 14 kg / acre to 9.8 kg / acre), superphosphate 9 kg / acre.

[0036] Mixing method: microbial inoculants 3 kg / acre and fertilizers (fertilizers including urea 9.8 kg / acre and superphosphate 9 kg / acre) are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 3:18.8≈1:6.3, avoiding direct sunlight. Contraindication: avoid applying alone in plots with pH>8.5 or salt content>0.6%, and need to cooperate with the drip irrigation system to activate.

[0037] II. Spring wheat planting management (mid-March to mid-July) Table 1. Spring wheat planting management

[0038] 1. Configuration optimization of drip irrigation water, fertilizer, and microbial integrated system Drip tape burial depth: 10±1 cm (salt active layer); Dripper spacing: 30 cm (pressure compensating, flow rate 2.2 L / h); Activator formula: trehalose 35 g / L, humic acid 25 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 g / L (pH 6.5-7.0).

[0039] III. Green manure after wheat (late July-late October) 1. Mixed sowing operation: Seed treatment: Mixed with forage rape (variety: Huayouza 62, purchased from National Rapeseed Engineering Technology Research Center of Huazhong Agricultural University) at a ratio of 3:1 according to planting density.

[0040] Sowing amount: 4 kg / acre of Medicago polymorpha + 0.2 kg / acre of Brassica campestris.

[0041] Sowing method: Shallow trench sowing with a drill.

[0042] Sowing depth: 2-3 cm (too deep to inhibit rape seedling emergence).

[0043] Row spacing configuration: 25 cm equidistant row spacing (intercropping of Medicago polymorpha and Brassica campestris).

[0044] 2. Step management: Table 2 Step management

[0045] IV. Soil conservation during wintering period (November-February of next year) Cover layer decomposition: Medicago polymorpha straw slowly decomposes at low temperature of-15~5℃, releasing organic acid (pH 6.2-6.8) to neutralize saline-alkali.

[0046] Low-temperature decomposition optimization: If the winter temperature is <-20℃, additional decomposition agent needs to be applied. The decomposition agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025 (40-55% by mass), Lactobacillus ATCC 8014 (25-35% by mass), Flavobacterium ATCC 17061 (7-13% by mass), Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 20344 (1-5% by mass), and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 (3-8% by mass). Bacillus subtilis is purchased from Agricultural Culture Collection of China (ACCC), and Lactobacillus, Flavobacterium, Rhizopus oryzae, and Aspergillus niger are purchased from American Type Culture Collection. The decomposition agent accelerates the decomposition of the cover layer, and the application amount is 2-5 kg / acre.

[0047] V. Start of annual cycle (March of next year) 1. Tillage and integration: combine the tiller with green manure roots and mulch into the plough layer by deep ploughing 25 ± 2 cm; after ploughing, use a rotary rake to level the soil, and reduce the soil bulk density to 1.25 g / cm³ (initial 1.40 g / cm³).

[0048] 2. New season sowing: reapply the microbial agent (reduce the dosage to 2.5 kg / acre), and start a new cycle.

[0049] Example 1: Planting method for simultaneously improving soil health and crop yield in saline-alkali land According to the above technical solution, the test was carried out in Linhe District, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia (40°76'N, 107°42'E), which belongs to a typical light to moderate saline-alkali land in Hetao Irrigation District (soil salt content 0.35% ± 0.05, pH 8.2 ± 0.3). The test time was from March 2024 to July 2025. The specific test steps are as follows: on March 10, pre-sowing treatment was carried out, deep ploughing 20 cm, and micro-ridges were formed (ridge height 12 cm, ridge width 45 cm). Base application of reduced nitrogen 30% fertilizer (urea 9.8 kg / acre + superphosphate 9 kg / acre) was mixed with 3 kg / acre of compound microbial agent. Spring wheat was planted from March 15 to July 20, using the variety Yongliang 4, with a sowing amount of 25 kg / acre. The planting method used was shallow buried drip irrigation micro-ridge drilling technology, with a planting ridge height of 10-15 cm, a drip irrigation tape buried depth of 8-12 cm, and a drip head spacing of 30 cm; at the jointing stage and grain filling stage of spring wheat, 0.5 g / L of the above prepared microbial activator (containing 30 g of trehalose, 20 g of humic acid, and 5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per L) was delivered through the drip irrigation system in two times; after the wheat matured, the straw was crushed to ≤5 cm and returned to the field, and 4 kg / acre of hairy vetch and 0.2 kg / acre of forage rape (mixed planting, row spacing 25 cm) were re-planted. In early October, the aboveground part of the rape was harvested (green silage 2.85 tons / acre), and the frost period (November 5) was crushed to cover the surface (thickness 5 cm). This was used for annual cycling (March 8 of the next year): combined deep ploughing 25 cm, integrating roots and mulch.

[0050] Test results: (1) Spring wheat yield: a 1 m x 1 m harvesting frame was placed in the center of each plot for manual wheat cutting, and the yield was calculated after threshing and drying; the test results were 486 kg / acre.

[0051] (2) Seasonal soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR): iCAPPROX inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (2110) was used to determine the soil Na + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ concentrations; the test results were 7.20 mmol / L.

[0052] (3) Organic matter content: The organic matter content was determined by potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method; the determination result was 1.53%.

[0053] (4) Total nitrogen content: The total nitrogen content was determined by Kjeldahl method; the determination result was 0.84 g / kg.

[0054] Comparative Example 1 (without applying microbial agent) The compound microbial agent was not applied, and the full amount of chemical fertilizer (urea 14 kg / mu) was applied. The spring wheat jointing stage and grain filling stage were transported by the drip irrigation system twice with clear water (without adding the microbial activator containing trehalose 30 g / L + humic acid 20 g / L). The wheat and the green manure planted after harvest were consistent with Example 1.

[0055] Test results: (1) Spring wheat yield: the determination method was the same as that of Example 1; the determination result was 418 kg / mu.

[0056] (2) SAR: the determination method was the same as that of Example 1; the determination result was 9.11 mmol / L.

[0057] (3) Organic matter content: the determination method was the same as that of Example 1; the determination result was 1.05%.

[0058] (4) Total nitrogen content: the determination method was the same as that of Example 1; the determination result was 0.68 g / kg.

[0059] Comparative Example 2 (without applying drip irrigation activation) The compound microbial agent 3.5 kg / mu was applied in combination with 30% reduction of chemical fertilizer (urea 9.8 kg / mu). The spring wheat jointing stage and grain filling stage were transported by the drip irrigation system twice with clear water (without adding the microbial activator containing trehalose 30 g / L + humic acid 20 g / L). The wheat and the green manure planted after harvest were consistent with Example 1.

[0060] Test results: (1) Spring wheat yield: the determination method was the same as that of Example 1; the determination result was 435 kg / mu.

[0061] (2) SAR: the determination method was the same as that of Example 1; the determination result was 13.8 mmol / L.

[0062] (3) Organic matter content: the determination method was the same as that of Example 1; the determination result was 1.22%.

[0063] (4) Total nitrogen content: the determination method was the same as that of Example 1; the determination result was 0.71 g / kg.

[0064] Comparative Example 3 (green manure single planting) Apply 3.5 kg / mu of compound microbial inoculant, combined with a 30% reduction in chemical fertilizer (9.8 kg / mu of urea). During the jointing and grain-filling stages of spring wheat, administer 0.5 g / L of microbial activator (containing 30 g / L of trehalose and 20 g / L of humic acid) twice via drip irrigation. Wheat planting and harvesting are consistent with Example 1, but after wheat, vetch (6 kg / mu) is sown monoculture, without forage rapeseed intercropping and staged harvesting.

[0065] Experimental results: (1) Spring wheat yield: The method of measurement is the same as in Example 1; the result is 452 kg / mu.

[0066] (2) SAR: The measurement method is the same as in Example 1; the measurement result is 10.5 mmol / L.

[0067] (3) Organic matter content: The determination method is the same as in Example 1; the result is 1.38%.

[0068] (4) Total nitrogen content: The determination method is the same as in Example 1; the result is 0.70 g / kg.

[0069] Control group (conventional planting) Base application of complete chemical fertilizer (14 kg / mu of urea + 9 kg / mu of superphosphate); no microbial inoculants; during the jointing and grain-filling stages of spring wheat, clean water is delivered twice via drip irrigation (without adding microbial activators containing 30 g / L of trehalose + 20 g / L of humic acid). The land is left fallow after wheat harvest (no green manure planting).

[0070] Experimental results: (1) Spring wheat yield: The method of measurement is the same as in Example 1; the result is 402 kg / mu.

[0071] (2) SAR: The measurement method is the same as in Example 1; the measurement result is 15.6 mmol / L.

[0072] (3) Organic matter content: The determination method is the same as in Example 1; the result is 0.88%.

[0073] (4) Total nitrogen content: The determination method is the same as in Example 1; the result is 0.63 g / kg.

[0074] The experimental results of Example 1 above were compared with those of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, as well as the control group. The results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown. By Figure 1It can be seen that the embodiments can significantly increase the yield of wheat by 7.52-20.90%, significantly reduce the sodium adsorption ratio by 13.33-41.67%, significantly increase the organic matter content by 10.87-73.86%, and significantly increase the total nitrogen content by 19.5-33.1%, which has the effect of fertilization and yield increase.

[0075] Example 2, field effect comparison of different microbial agents The field test was carried out in Linhe District of Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia (40°76'N, 107°42'E). The region belongs to a typical light to moderate saline-alkali soil in the Hetao Irrigation District (soil salt content 0.35% ± 0.05, pH 8.2 ± 0.3). The test time was from March 2024 to July 2025. Four microbial agent treatments were set up: (1) Treatment 1: Bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ACCC 19743, and Bacillus mucilaginosus ACCC 10013 complex microbial agent according to the present application; (2) Treatment 2: commercially available complex microbial agent (Microbial agent (Heishengshunzhunzi (2022) No. 132), purchased from Heilongjiang Heiwotu Biological Technology Co., Ltd.); (3) Treatment 3: control (CK): no microbial agent was applied. The area of each treatment was 40 m 2 (5m × 8m), with a randomized block design and 3 replicates. Among them, the treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 3 of example 2 of the present application were consistent with example 1 in terms of nitrogen fertilizer application, planting method and sampling and determination method on the basis of different microbial agent application.

[0076] Test results: The effects of different treatments on soil pH and spring wheat yield in saline-alkali soil were analyzed.

[0077] (1) Soil pH: the pH meter (FE20) was used to measure the soil pH (water-soil ratio 5:1); the measurement results are shown in Table 1: treatment 1 (8.76), treatment 2 (8.86) and treatment 3 (8.92). Figure 2

[0078] (2) Spring wheat yield: a 1m × 1m harvesting frame was set up in the center of each plot for manual wheat harvesting, and the yield was calculated after threshing and drying and weighing. The results are shown in Table 2: treatment 1 (560 kg / acre), treatment 2 (524 kg / acre) and treatment 3 (501 kg / acre). Figure 2

[0079] ​​(3) Soil enzyme activities: Soil carbon and nitrogen enzyme activities were measured using 96-well plate fluorometric analysis. β-glucosidase: treatment 1 (241.4 nmol / g / h), treatment 2 (201.3 nmol / g / h), and treatment 3 (167.8 nmol / g / h). Xylanase: treatment 1 (22.5 nmol / g / h), treatment 2 (19.5 nmol / g / h), and treatment 3 (14.9 nmol / g / h). Cellobiosidase: treatment 1 (23.3 nmol / g / h), treatment 2 (17.5 nmol / g / h), and treatment 3 (14.2 nmol / g / h). Leucine aminopeptidase: treatment 1 (504.6 nmol / g / h), treatment 2 (368.6 nmol / g / h), and treatment 3 (275.4 nmol / g / h). Chitinase: treatment 1 (31.7 nmol / g / h), treatment 2 (25.9 nmol / g / h), and treatment 3 (22.5 nmol / g / h). Alkaline phosphatase: treatment 1 (282.2 nmol / g / h), treatment 2 (255.7 nmol / g / h), and treatment 3 (229.4 nmol / g / h), as shown in Figure 3 .

[0080] (4) Residual carbon: Soil residual carbon content was measured using amino sugar biomarker method. Bacterial residual carbon: treatment 1 (506.1 mg / kg), treatment 2 (459.3 mg / kg), and treatment 3 (226.0 mg / kg). Fungal residual carbon: treatment 1 (2420.0 mg / kg), treatment 2 (2132.8 mg / kg), and treatment 3 (1895.7 mg / kg). Microbial residual carbon: treatment 1 (2965.6 mg / kg), treatment 2 (2766.7 mg / kg), and treatment 3 (2604.7 mg / kg). Plant residual carbon: treatment 1 (189.2 mg / kg), treatment 2 (161.1 mg / kg), and treatment 3 (175.4 mg / kg), as shown in Figure 4

[0081] According to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 ​The results show that the microbial agent of the application (treatment 1) significantly reduces the soil pH value by 0.10-0.16 units, significantly increases the wheat yield by 2.8%-6.7%, significantly increases the soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus enzyme activity by 15.3-82.9%, increases the microbial residue by 7.2-123.9% and the plant residue by 7.8-17.4%, has the effect of improving the soil saline-alkali environment, improving the soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus enzyme activity, and increasing the soil residue carbon and crop yield. This shows that the "biological engine" of the soil is successfully activated. The vigorous enzyme activity drives the rapid conversion of organic matter and the efficient circulation of nutrients, accelerates the decomposition of organic waste such as straw into effective nutrients, provides a continuous nutrient supply for the growth of the current crop, and significantly improves the fertilizer utilization rate. More importantly, by significantly increasing the microbial residue carbon and the plant residue carbon, a solid material foundation for soil health is laid. These microbial residues are the core cementing materials for forming stable soil aggregates, and they together with plant residues form the persistent and core components of soil organic matter. Their synergistic increase greatly promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure, not only can coordinate the water and gas contradiction of soil, enhance the soil moisture conservation capacity, but also can effectively inhibit the salt from gathering on the surface with water evaporation, physically block the harm of saline-alkali. In summary, the application improves the soil chemical environment by reducing the pH value, strengthens the soil biological function by stimulating the enzyme activity, and constructs a healthy soil physical structure by accumulating the residue carbon, which together form a "chemical-biological-physical" virtuous improvement cycle. This cycle finally effectively breaks down the barriers of saline-alkali soil, simultaneously realizes the rapid recovery of soil activity and the steady improvement of crop yield and quality, and provides reliable technical support for the sustainable utilization of saline-alkali soil.

[0082] Core innovation points: 1. Modular microbial agent: The composite microbial agent uses the principle of functional complementation, and the gelatinous Bacillus sp. specifically adsorbs Na⁺, reducing the SAR value by 35%; Bacillus subtilis promotes the formation of soil aggregates, increasing the water holding rate by 20%; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can regulate the activities of soil phosphatase and urease, and increase the content of soluble phosphorus.

[0083] 2. Water, fertilizer and microbial integrated drip irrigation: The drip irrigation belt is deeply buried in the salt active layer (8-12 cm), directly delivering water to the crop root zone, reducing evaporation and deep seepage loss, and significantly saving water; and the soluble fertilizer is directly dissolved in water, and uniformly applied to the crop roots with irrigation water, reducing fertilizer loss, improving fertilizer utilization rate, and reducing fertilizer input cost. At the same time, the addition of microbial agents has a positive effect on improving the soil ecological environment and promoting soil health.

[0084] 3. Green manure stage by stage to suppress salt fertilization: compared with green manure directly whole field (control), in the full bloom period of forage rape and in the frost pulverized hairy vetch can significantly reduce the soil salt content: in the full bloom period of forage rape reduces the soil salt content by 12.9%, in the frost pulverized hairy vetch reduces the soil salt content by 25.2%, the results are shown in Figure 5

[0085] Table 3 Comparison results of soil salt content of green manure stage by stage and control

[0086] The above specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can occur depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall fall within the scope of the protection of the present application.​

Claims

1. A planting method for simultaneously improving soil health and crop yield in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps: (1) Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus spp. were respectively adjusted to OD using liquid culture medium. 600 The concentration is 0.4-0.6, and the mixture is prepared into a compound microbial agent; the compound microbial agent is then mixed with chemical fertilizer to prepare a base fertilizer; (2) During the crop seeding period, the base fertilizer is applied to the side below the crop seeds; during the crop jointing stage and the grain filling stage, a microbial activator is delivered by a drip irrigation system; the microbial activator comprises trehalose 30-40 g / L and humic acid 20-30 g / L; (3) After the crop matures, the crop straw is crushed to ≤5 cm and returned to the field, and legume crops and cruciferous crops are replanted; the aboveground part of the cruciferous crops is harvested for silage; during the frost period, the legume crops are crushed and covered on the ground surface; and the above is cycled annually.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method simultaneously improves soil health and crop yield in a saline soil. In step (1), the bacterial suspensions of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus mucilaginosus are mixed in a volume ratio of (0.9-1.1):(0.9-1.1):(0.9-1.1).

3. The method for simultaneously improving soil health and crop yield in a saline soil according to claim 1, wherein: The chemical fertilizer in step (1) is a reduced-nitrogen fertilizer; the reduced-nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea and superphosphate; the mass ratio of the compound microbial agent to the reduced-nitrogen fertilizer is 1:5 to 1:6.

3.

4. The method for simultaneously improving soil health and crop yield in a saline soil according to claim 3, wherein: The reduced-nitrogen fertilizer is a reduced-nitrogen 20-30% fertilizer; the urea is 8-10 kg / acre, the superphosphate is 8-10 kg / acre, and the compound microbial agent is 3-4 kg / acre.

5. The method for simultaneously improving soil health and crop yield in a saline soil according to claim 1, wherein: In step (2), the microbial activator is prepared from the following components with the following concentrations: trehalose 30-40 g / L, humic acid 20-30 g / L, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4-6 g / L, and the pH value is 6.5-7.

0.

6. The method for simultaneously improving soil health and crop yield in a saline soil according to claim 1, wherein: In step (2), the microbial activator 0.5 g / L-1.0 g / L is delivered by the drip irrigation system within 24 hours after watering during the crop jointing stage, for 1-2 hours; the microbial activator 0.5 g / L-1.0 g / L is delivered by the drip irrigation system on the day of watering during the crop grain filling stage, for 1-2 hours.

7. The method for simultaneously improving soil health and crop yield in a saline soil according to claim 1, wherein: In step (3), the legume crop is hairy vetch; the cruciferous crop is forage rape; the planting density ratio of the hairy vetch to the forage rape is 2.5:1-3.5:1; the sowing amount of the hairy vetch is 3-4 kg / acre; and the sowing amount of the forage rape is 0.2-0.5 kg / acre.

8. The method for simultaneously improving soil health and crop yield in a saline soil according to claim 1, wherein: The crop is wheat; the wheat is spring wheat variety Yongliang 4.

9. The method for simultaneously improving soil health and crop yield in a saline soil according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein: The improvement of the soil health in the saline-alkali soil is to improve one or more of the following indicators: reducing the soil sodium adsorption ratio, increasing the organic matter content, increasing the total nitrogen content, reducing the soil pH value, increasing the soil carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus enzyme activity, or increasing the soil residual carbon content. 10.The planting method for simultaneously improving soil health and crop yield in saline-alkali soil according to claim 9, characterized in that: The increase in the soil carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus enzyme activity is to increase one or more of the following enzyme activities: β-glucosidase, xylanase, cellobiosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, chitinase, or alkaline phosphatase; The increase in the soil residual carbon content is to increase one or more of the following residual carbon contents: bacterial residual carbon, fungal residual carbon, microbial residual carbon, or plant residual carbon.

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